EP2198454A1 - Composite element consisting of at least two semiconductor substrates, and production method - Google Patents

Composite element consisting of at least two semiconductor substrates, and production method

Info

Publication number
EP2198454A1
EP2198454A1 EP08803519A EP08803519A EP2198454A1 EP 2198454 A1 EP2198454 A1 EP 2198454A1 EP 08803519 A EP08803519 A EP 08803519A EP 08803519 A EP08803519 A EP 08803519A EP 2198454 A1 EP2198454 A1 EP 2198454A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
semiconductor substrate
solder material
microstructure
layer
eutectic
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
EP08803519A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Inventor
Achim Trautmann
Ando Feyh
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Robert Bosch GmbH
Original Assignee
Robert Bosch GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Robert Bosch GmbH filed Critical Robert Bosch GmbH
Publication of EP2198454A1 publication Critical patent/EP2198454A1/en
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
    • H01L23/00—Details of semiconductor or other solid state devices
    • H01L23/02—Containers; Seals
    • H01L23/10—Containers; Seals characterised by the material or arrangement of seals between parts, e.g. between cap and base of the container or between leads and walls of the container
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B81—MICROSTRUCTURAL TECHNOLOGY
    • B81C—PROCESSES OR APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR THE MANUFACTURE OR TREATMENT OF MICROSTRUCTURAL DEVICES OR SYSTEMS
    • B81C1/00—Manufacture or treatment of devices or systems in or on a substrate
    • B81C1/00015—Manufacture or treatment of devices or systems in or on a substrate for manufacturing microsystems
    • B81C1/00261—Processes for packaging MEMS devices
    • B81C1/00269—Bonding of solid lids or wafers to the substrate
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    • H01L21/02—Manufacture or treatment of semiconductor devices or of parts thereof
    • H01L21/04—Manufacture or treatment of semiconductor devices or of parts thereof the devices having potential barriers, e.g. a PN junction, depletion layer or carrier concentration layer
    • H01L21/50—Assembly of semiconductor devices using processes or apparatus not provided for in a single one of the subgroups H01L21/06 - H01L21/326, e.g. sealing of a cap to a base of a container
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    • H01L24/28—Structure, shape, material or disposition of the layer connectors prior to the connecting process
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Definitions

  • the invention relates to a composite of at least two semiconductor substrates according to the preamble of claim 1 and to a method for producing a composite according to the preamble of claim 10.
  • the invention is therefore based on the object of proposing a composite of at least two semiconductor substrates, which is optimized with regard to a high bond strength. Furthermore, the object is to propose a corresponding manufacturing method.
  • the invention has recognized that an enlargement of the eutectic layer, that is to say of the eutectic, in particular the increase in the thickness of the eutectic, results in an increase in the strength of the connection between the solder material and the semiconductor substrate.
  • the invention proposes to provide the semiconductor substrate with a microstructure at least in sections in the contact region between the semiconductor substrate and the solder material.
  • the soldering material is not directly Tact with the semiconductor substrate comes, in particular, because between the semiconductor substrate and the solder material, a further layer is provided, which is applied to the semiconductor substrate, it is within the scope of the invention to provide this layer with a microstructure.
  • microstructure in the context of the invention is a structure with structure widths and / or heights in the range of a few microns to several 10 microns, in particular with structure widths and / or - heights between about 5 microns and about 50 microns to understand.
  • the thickness extension of the eutectic is compared to a composite of the prior art, in particular in the edge region of the microstructure and / or in Recesses of the microstructure, enlarged. This can be attributed, for example, to the capillary forces acting in the area of the microstructure on the capillary forces acting by heating, which are responsible for the thickened form of the eutectic, in particular on lateral flanks of the microstructure.
  • constituents of the solder material as well as constituents (atoms) of the semiconductor substrate and / or in the case of the provision of a layer on the semiconductor substrate, constituents (atoms) of this layer material can be found.
  • the eutectic layer that is formed is characterized by the fact that its aforementioned constituents are in such a relationship to one another that they as a whole become liquid at a certain liquidus temperature. This temperature must be used to form the eutectic layer or the eutectic produced during the production of the composite. Due to the capillary forces acting on account of the microstructure, a particularly thick eutectic layer and thus a high-strength connection between the solder material and the semiconductor substrate are obtained.
  • the thickness of the solder material can be significantly reduced.
  • firm connections can be made if the Thickness order of the solder material is reduced by a factor of 5 compared to the prior art, with the added advantage that the composite builds less overall.
  • increasing the eutectic layer not only the bond strength of the composite is increased, but it also increases the electrical conductivity, whereby the solder material not only for connecting the two semiconductor substrates, but also for electrical contacting of active and / or passive electronic components Semiconductor substrates can be used.
  • the microstructure can be introduced into the semiconductor substrate by means of a forming process and / or by removing etching processes.
  • the layer optionally provided on the semiconductor substrate may be microstructured. It is also conceivable to apply such a layer already microstructured, for example to print, or to evaporate, for example by means of a CVD method.
  • solder material is applied in such a way that it supports the microstructure on at least one side, preferably on all sides, ie. H. essentially transversely to the thickness extension, surmounted so that a thickened eutectic layer is formed in the peripheral edge region of the microstructure, in particular on the (lateral) flanks of the microstructure.
  • a composite of at least two semiconductor substrates described above is preferably characterized in that the eutectic layer is thicker in the peripheral edge region of the microstructure, in particular on (lateral) flanks of the microstructure and / or in at least one depression or recess flanks in the microstructure as in at least one raised, preferably flat area of the microstructure.
  • the thickness of the European Union tektikums at least in regions, greater than 1 micrometer, more preferably greater than 5 microns.
  • solder material does not have (only) the task of connecting the at least two semiconductor substrates, but in which the solder material for establishing an electrical connection between two on different semiconductor substrates arranged passive or active electrical components such as interconnects or transistors is used.
  • passive or active electrical components such as interconnects or transistors
  • an adhesive layer for "holding” the solder material is arranged on one of the other semiconductor substrates, as mentioned above.
  • This adhesive layer can be applied, for example, by vapor deposition.
  • the adhesive layer is formed so that the liquid solder material does not wet or only slightly. It is within the scope of the development to provide this adhesive layer with a microstructure before the application of the solder material or to apply the adhesive layer already microstructured.
  • the solder material has an immediate contact with the semiconductor substrate, in particular in order to form a eutectic connection with the latter.
  • the semiconductor substrate or a layer possibly provided between the semiconductor substrate and the solder material with a microstructure or to form it as a microstructure.
  • the solder material or the formed eutectic layer in the form of a, in particular ring-shaped, bonding frame, which preferably encloses an electronic circuit or a micromechanical component. Due to such an arrangement of the solder material, the electronic circuit can be capped and hermetically encapsulated by fixing the further semiconductor substrate.
  • the width extension (transverse to the thickness extension) of the microstructure, preferably of the bonding frame has a maximum width of 200 micrometers, preferably only about 100 micrometers, more preferably only about 50 micrometers or less To be able to exploit the largest possible surface portion of at least one semiconductor substrate for applying active and / or passive electrical components.
  • a material preferably vapor-deposited, is provided on at least one of the semiconductor substrates, preferably on both semiconductor substrates, particularly preferably annularly around the solder material or the formed eutectic layer, which has no or, if appropriate, vapor deposition Only slight wetting with liquid eutectic is allowed, so that an uncontrolled lateral overflow of the eutectic beyond the microstructure is minimized, preferably completely prevented.
  • the invention also leads to a method for producing a composite as described above.
  • the core idea of the method is to provide at least one of the semiconductor substrates prior to application or in contact with the solder material with a microstructure and / or to provide a possibly applied to the semiconductor substrate layer with a microstructure or already applied microstructured, thus, in particular by the action of capillary forces to obtain the formation of a eutectic layer with a greater thickness, at least in some areas, compared to the prior art.
  • solder material before it is brought into contact with the previously described microstructure, is fixed to a further semiconductor substrate, preferably to an adhesive layer provided thereon.
  • the solder material is heated, for example by introducing the not yet firm composite into a soldering oven. Possibly.
  • the composite is subjected to pressure (contact pressure).
  • the temperature of the solder material, at least in the contact region to the microstructure, must be sufficiently high to ensure the formation of a eutectic layer between the microstructure material and the solder material.
  • FIG. 1 a shows a production step for producing a prior art composite shown in FIG. 1 b
  • FIG. 1 b shows a production step for producing a prior art composite shown in FIG. 1 b
  • FIG. 2 shows a production step in the production of a design according to the concept of the invention.
  • Fig. 3 shows a further process step in the herstel ⁇ development of the composite, which are joined together to comparable binding semiconductor substrates,
  • FIG. 4 shows an enlarged detail of FIG. 3,
  • FIG. 5 shows an enlarged illustration of a first embodiment of an exporting approximately ⁇ formed according to the concept of the composite and dung ⁇ OF INVENTION
  • FIG. 6 shows an alternative embodiment of a composite to the composite according to FIG. 5, one preventing overflow of liquid eutectic.
  • Layer is applied around a microstructure.
  • a first, planar semiconductor substrate 1 in particular a wafer, on which an adhesive layer 2 is vapor-deposited.
  • Solder material 3 which serves to connect the first semiconductor substrate 1 to a second semiconductor substrate 4 arranged underneath in the plane of the drawing, adheres to this planar adhesion layer.
  • FIG. 1 b shows a ready-formed, known composite 5 comprising the first semiconductor substrate 1 and the second semiconductor substrate 4. It can be seen that between the flat second semiconductor substrate 4 and the solder material 3, a thin eutectic 6 is formed, which is responsible for the connection of the second semiconductor substrate 4.
  • FIG. 2 shows a method step in the production of a composite 5 shown in partial detail in FIGS. 5 and 6.
  • a first semiconductor substrate 1 is shown in the upper half of the drawing, on which an adhesive layer 2 was vapor-deposited in an upstream step. Solder material 3 was applied to this adhesive layer 2.
  • the first semiconductor substrate 1 consists of silicon.
  • the adhesive layer 2 is designed such that it allows no or at most a slight wetting with molten solder material. From Fig. 2 it can be seen that the thickness extension of the solder material 3 is substantially lower than in the embodiments of the prior art.
  • the Thickness extension is about 1/5 of the thickness extension in a known composite 5 (see Fig. Ia and Fig. Ib).
  • the first semiconductor substrate 1 provided with the solder material 3 is intended to be fixedly connected to a second semiconductor substrate 4 arranged underneath in the plane of the drawing.
  • the second semiconductor substrate 4 is formed in the embodiment shown of silicon.
  • the solder material 3 consists (essentially) of gold.
  • the first semiconductor material 1 may be formed of silicon or germanium.
  • the second semiconductor substrate 4 may alternatively be formed, for example, of silicon oxide or germanium.
  • gold as the solder material, the use of aluminum, AlCu or Al-SiCu can be realized.
  • the adhesive layer on the first semiconductor substrate 1 is formed of chromium in the embodiment shown.
  • the second semiconductor substrate 4 is not planar, but has a microstructure 8 in a later contact region 7, which can be seen in FIG. 3, relative to the solder material 3. It can be seen that the solder material 3 projects beyond the microstructure 8 laterally, ie transversely to its thickness.
  • the microstructure 8 is formed as a simple structural block. Additionally or alternatively, the microstructure 8 may consist of a plurality of elevations and trenches. The height of the elevations or the depth of the trenches is preferably at least 2 ⁇ m, preferably at most 40 ⁇ m. Likewise, the width of individual structural sections of the microstructure is preferably at least 1 ⁇ m and preferably at most 40 ⁇ m. The total Width of the microstructure 8 in the embodiment shown is approximately between 20 and 200 microns.
  • Fig. 4 is an enlarged detail of Fig. 3 is shown.
  • the height H (thickness) of the microstructure 8 is drawn by 10 microns in this embodiment. It can be seen particularly well from FIG. 4 that the microstructure 8 is laterally surmounted by the thin solder material 3 in the transverse direction.
  • the microstructure 8 is introduced directly into the second semiconductor substrate 4 by using a forming process or an ablation process.
  • thin layer on the second semiconductor material 4 is applied such that it is at least partially between the second semiconductor material 4 and the Lotmate- rial 3, it is advantageous to structure this layer or already structured to apply.
  • the composite assembly thus obtained is transferred to a soldering oven in which a temperature above a liquidus temperature of one shown in FIGS. 5 and 6 shown eutectic 6 prevails. Possibly.
  • a contact pressure can be applied to the semiconductor substrates 1, 4, preferably in the joining direction. During the soldering process, atoms diffuse from the second semiconductor substrate 4 into the solder material 3, and vice versa, whereby the eutectic 6 shown is formed.
  • the resulting eutectic is "attracted" to an outer flank region 9 (peripheral edge region) of the microstructure 8, whereby the eutectic 6 in the flank region 9 is comparatively thick compared to a raised region 10 of the microstructure 8.
  • the thickness of the eutectic is 6 in the flank region 9 more than 20 microns.
  • FIG. 6 shows an alternative exemplary embodiment of a finished composite 5.
  • the microstructure 8 is surrounded circumferentially by a material 11 which is not wettable by the eutectic 6 in order to prevent an uncontrolled overflow of liquid eutectic 6 arising during the soldering process To prevent contact area 7 out.
  • the adhesion layer 2 or an additional or alternative layer or the first semiconductor substrate 1 may also be provided with a microstructure before the application of the solder material 3.
  • the eutectic 6 consists of the constituents gold and silicon.
  • the eutectic 6 may be made of, for example, the components AlCu / Si, AlSiCU / Si, Al / Si, Au / Ge, Al / Ge or AlCu / Ge, AlSiCu / Ge are formed. Other material pairings are also feasible.

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Abstract

The invention relates to a composite element (5) comprising a first semiconductor substrate (1) fixed to at least one second semiconductor substrate (4) by means of a solder material (3), a eutectic (6) being formed between the solder material (3) and the second semiconductor substrate (4) and/or at least one layer optionally provided on the semiconductor substrate (4). According to the invention, the eutectic (6) is formed between the solder material (3) and a microstructure (8) which is formed on the second semiconductor substrate (4) and/or the layer, in the contact region for the solder material (3). The invention also relates to a production method.

Description

Beschreibungdescription
Titeltitle
Verbund aus mindestens zwei Halbleitersubstraten sowie Her- stellungsverfahrenComposite of at least two semiconductor substrates and manufacturing process
Stand der TechnikState of the art
Die Erfindung betrifft einen Verbund aus mindestens zwei Halbleitersubstraten gemäß dem Oberbegriff des Anspruchs 1 sowie ein Verfahren zum Herstellen eines Verbundes gemäß dem Oberbegriff des Anspruchs 10.The invention relates to a composite of at least two semiconductor substrates according to the preamble of claim 1 and to a method for producing a composite according to the preamble of claim 10.
In der Halbleitertechnologie, beispielsweise zur Herstel- lung von MEMS (Micro-Electro-Mechanical-System) , ist es notwendig, zwei Halbleitersubstrate fest miteinander zu verbinden, beispielsweise um eine auf einem der Halbleitersubstrate aufgebrachte Elektronik und/oder Mikromechanik zu verkapseln. Zum Verbinden zweier Halbleitersubstrate ist es bekannt, eutektische Bondverbindungen einzusetzen. Dabei wird zwischen einem Lotmaterial und einem der Halbleitersubstrate ein dünnes Eutektikum ausgebildet, welches für die feste Verbindung verantwortlich ist. Nachteilig bei dem bekannten Verfahren und den damit hergestellten Verbunden aus mindestens zwei Halbleitersubstraten ist es, dass die Bond-Stärke der Verbindung für einige Anwendungsfälle nicht ausreicht. Zudem ist nachteilig, dass das Lotmaterial vergleichsweise dick aufgetragen werden muss, wodurch der gesamte Verbund vergleichsweise hoch baut. Offenbarung der Erfindung Technische AufgabeIn semiconductor technology, for example for the production of MEMS (microelectromechanical system), it is necessary to connect two semiconductor substrates firmly together, for example to encapsulate an electronics and / or micromechanics applied to one of the semiconductor substrates. For connecting two semiconductor substrates, it is known to use eutectic bonds. In this case, a thin eutectic is formed between a solder material and one of the semiconductor substrates, which is responsible for the solid compound. A disadvantage of the known method and the compounds produced therefrom from at least two semiconductor substrates is that the bonding strength of the compound is insufficient for some applications. In addition, it is disadvantageous that the solder material must be applied comparatively thick, whereby the entire composite builds comparatively high. DISCLOSURE OF THE INVENTION Technical Problem
Der Erfindung liegt daher die Aufgabe zugrunde, einen Ver- bund aus mindestens zwei Halbleitersubstraten vorzuschlagen, der im Hinblick auf eine hohe Bond-Stärke optimiert ist. Ferner besteht die Aufgabe darin, ein entsprechendes Herstellungsverfahren vorzuschlagen .The invention is therefore based on the object of proposing a composite of at least two semiconductor substrates, which is optimized with regard to a high bond strength. Furthermore, the object is to propose a corresponding manufacturing method.
Technische LösungTechnical solution
Diese Aufgabe wird hinsichtlich des Verbundes aus mindestens zwei Halbleitersubstraten mit den Merkmalen des Anspruchs 1 und hinsichtlich des Herstellungsverfahrens mit den Merkmalen des Anspruchs 11 gelöst. Vorteilhafte Weiterbildungen der Erfindung sind in den Unteransprüchen angegeben. Zur Vermeidung von Wiederholungen sollen rein vorrichtungsgemäß offenbarte Merkmale auch als verfahrensgemäß offenbart gelten und beanspruchbar sein. Ebenso sollen rein verfahrensgemäß offenbarte Merkmale als vorrichtungsgemäß offenbart gelten und beanspruchbar sein.This object is achieved in terms of the composite of at least two semiconductor substrates with the features of claim 1 and with respect to the manufacturing method with the features of claim 11. Advantageous developments of the invention are specified in the subclaims. To avoid repetition, features disclosed purely in accordance with the device should also be disclosed as being in accordance with the method and be able to be claimed. Likewise, purely disclosed in accordance with the features are to be considered as device disclosed and claimable.
Die Erfindung hat erkannt, dass eine Vergrößerung der eu- tektischen Schicht, sprich des Eutektikums, insbesondere die Vergrößerung der Dickenerstreckung des Eutektikums eine Erhöhung der Festigkeit der Verbindung zwischen Lotmaterial und Halbleitersubstrat zur Folge hat. Um die Dickenerstreckung des Eutektikums, insbesondere im Vergleich zur Gesamtdicke des Lotmaterials, zu vergrößern, schlägt die Er- findung vor, das Halbleitersubstrat zumindest abschnittsweise im Kontaktbereich zwischen dem Halbleitersubstrat und dem Lotmaterial mit einer Mikrostruktur zu versehen. Für den Fall, dass das Lotmaterial nicht in unmittelbaren Kon- takt mit dem Halbleitersubstrat kommt, insbesondere weil zwischen dem Halbleitersubstrat und dem Lotmaterial eine weitere Schicht vorgesehen ist, die auf das Halbleitersubstrat aufgetragen ist, liegt es im Rahmen der Erfindung, diese Schicht mit einer Mikrostruktur zu versehen. Wesentlich ist, dass das Lotmaterial mit einer Mikrostruktur in Wechselwirkung tritt. Unter Mikrostruktur im Sinne der Erfindung ist dabei eine Struktur mit Strukturbreiten und/oder -höhen im Bereich einiger weniger Mikrometer bis einiger 10 μm, insbesondere mit Strukturbreiten und/oder - höhen zwischen etwa 5 μm und etwa 50 μm, zu verstehen. Durch das Vorsehen einer Mikrostruktur auf dem Halbleitersubstrat und/oder ggf. bei Vorsehen einer weiteren Schicht auf bzw. in dieser Schicht, wird die Dickenerstreckung des Eutektikums im Vergleich zu einem Verbund aus dem Stand der Technik, insbesondere im Randbereich der Mikrostruktur und/oder in Vertiefungen der Mikrostruktur, vergrößert. Dies kann beispielsweise auf die im Bereich der Mikrostruktur auf das durch Erhitzen flüssige Eutektikum wirkenden Kapillarkräfte zurückgeführt werden, die dafür verantwortlich sind, dass sich das Eutektikum, insbesondere an seitlichen Flanken der Mikrostruktur, verdickt ausbildet.The invention has recognized that an enlargement of the eutectic layer, that is to say of the eutectic, in particular the increase in the thickness of the eutectic, results in an increase in the strength of the connection between the solder material and the semiconductor substrate. In order to increase the thickness of the eutectic, in particular in comparison to the total thickness of the solder material, the invention proposes to provide the semiconductor substrate with a microstructure at least in sections in the contact region between the semiconductor substrate and the solder material. In the event that the soldering material is not directly Tact with the semiconductor substrate comes, in particular, because between the semiconductor substrate and the solder material, a further layer is provided, which is applied to the semiconductor substrate, it is within the scope of the invention to provide this layer with a microstructure. It is essential that the solder material interacts with a microstructure. Under microstructure in the context of the invention is a structure with structure widths and / or heights in the range of a few microns to several 10 microns, in particular with structure widths and / or - heights between about 5 microns and about 50 microns to understand. By providing a microstructure on the semiconductor substrate and / or possibly providing a further layer on or in this layer, the thickness extension of the eutectic is compared to a composite of the prior art, in particular in the edge region of the microstructure and / or in Recesses of the microstructure, enlarged. This can be attributed, for example, to the capillary forces acting in the area of the microstructure on the capillary forces acting by heating, which are responsible for the thickened form of the eutectic, in particular on lateral flanks of the microstructure.
In der sich bildenden eutektischen Schicht sind sowohl Be- standteile des Lotmaterials als auch Bestandteile (Atome) des Halbleitersubstrates und/oder im Falle des Vorsehens einer Schicht auf dem Halbleitersubstrat Bestandteile (Atome) dieses Schichtmaterials aufzufinden. Die sich bildende eutektische Schicht zeichnet sich dadurch aus, dass ihre vorgenannten Bestandteile in einem solchen Verhältnis zu- einanderstehen, dass sie als Ganzes bei einer bestimmten Liquidus-Temperatur flüssig werden. Diese Temperatur muss zum Ausbilden der eutektischen Schicht bzw. des Eutektikums beim Herstellen des Verbundes erzeugt werden. Durch die aufgrund der Mikrostruktur wirkenden Kapillarkräfte wird eine besonders dicke Eutektikum-Schicht und damit eine hochfeste Verbindung zwischen dem Lotmaterial und dem HaIb- leitersubstrat erhalten. Insgesamt kann durch das Vorsehen der Mikrostruktur der Dickenauftrag des Lotmaterials deutlich reduziert werden. Versuche haben ergeben, dass mit der Erfindung selbst dann feste Verbindungen herstellbar sind, wenn der Dickenauftrag des Lotmaterials im Vergleich zum Stand der Technik um den Faktor 5 reduziert wird, mit dem zusätzlichen Vorteil, dass der Verbund insgesamt weniger hoch baut. Durch die Vergrößerung der eutektischen Schicht wird nicht nur die Bond-Stärke des Verbundes erhöht, sondern es steigt auch die elektrische Leitfähigkeit, wodurch das Lotmaterial nicht nur zum Verbinden der beiden Halbleitersubstrate, sondern auch zur elektrischen Kontaktierung von aktiven und/oder passiven elektronischen Bauteilen der Halbleitersubstrate eingesetzt werden kann.In the eutectic layer that forms, constituents of the solder material as well as constituents (atoms) of the semiconductor substrate and / or in the case of the provision of a layer on the semiconductor substrate, constituents (atoms) of this layer material can be found. The eutectic layer that is formed is characterized by the fact that its aforementioned constituents are in such a relationship to one another that they as a whole become liquid at a certain liquidus temperature. This temperature must be used to form the eutectic layer or the eutectic produced during the production of the composite. Due to the capillary forces acting on account of the microstructure, a particularly thick eutectic layer and thus a high-strength connection between the solder material and the semiconductor substrate are obtained. Overall, by providing the microstructure, the thickness of the solder material can be significantly reduced. Experiments have shown that even with the invention firm connections can be made if the Thickness order of the solder material is reduced by a factor of 5 compared to the prior art, with the added advantage that the composite builds less overall. By increasing the eutectic layer not only the bond strength of the composite is increased, but it also increases the electrical conductivity, whereby the solder material not only for connecting the two semiconductor substrates, but also for electrical contacting of active and / or passive electronic components Semiconductor substrates can be used.
Die Mikrostruktur kann in das Halbleitersubstrat mit Hilfe eines Umformverfahrens und/oder durch abtragende Ätzverfahren eingebracht werden. Ebenso kann die fakultativ auf dem Halbleitersubstrat vorgesehene Schicht mikrostrukturiert werden. Es ist auch denkbar, eine derartige Schicht bereits mikrostrukturiert aufzubringen, beispielsweise zu drucken, oder, beispielsweise mittels eines CVD-Verfahren, aufzudampfen .The microstructure can be introduced into the semiconductor substrate by means of a forming process and / or by removing etching processes. Likewise, the layer optionally provided on the semiconductor substrate may be microstructured. It is also conceivable to apply such a layer already microstructured, for example to print, or to evaporate, for example by means of a CVD method.
Neben dem Bereitstellen der zuvor erläuterten Liquidus-Tem- peratur kann es, je nachdem welche Materialien eingesetzt werden, erforderlich sein, bei der Herstellung des Verbundes einen geeigneten Anpressdruck auf die Halbleitersubstrate zu realisieren. Durch Vorsehen einer zuvor beschriebenen eutektischen Verbindung können bisher eingesetzte Sealglas-Bondrahmen ersetzt werden. Es liegt im Rahmen der Erfindung, die Mikro- struktur nicht nur auf einem Halbleitersubstrat bzw. einer fakultativ auf diesem aufgebrachten Schicht, sondern auf beiden Halbleitersubstraten bzw. etwaigen auf diesen befindlichen Schichten vorzusehen, so dass das Lotmaterial auf zwei gegenüberliegenden Seiten mit jeweils einer Mikro- struktur in Wechselwirkung tritt. Es ist auch denkbar, lediglich auf einem Halbleitersubstrat, bzw. auf einer fakultativ auf dieser vorgesehenen Schicht eine Mikrostruktur vorzusehen und auf dem anderen Halbleitersubstrat eine Haftschicht vorzusehen, die das Halbleitermaterial ohne die Ausbildung eines Eutektikums „festhält".In addition to providing the above-described liquidus temperature, it may be necessary, depending on which materials are used, to realize a suitable contact pressure on the semiconductor substrates during the production of the composite. By providing a previously described eutectic connection, previously used seal glass bond frames can be replaced. It is within the scope of the invention to provide the microstructure not only on a semiconductor substrate or on an optionally applied thereto layer, but on both semiconductor substrates or any layers located thereon, so that the solder material on two opposite sides, each with a micro - Structure interacts. It is also conceivable to provide a microstructure only on a semiconductor substrate or on an optional layer provided thereon and to provide an adhesion layer on the other semiconductor substrate which "holds" the semiconductor material without the formation of a eutectic.
Von besonderem Vorteil ist eine Ausführungsform, bei der das Lotmaterial derart aufgebracht wird, dass es die Mikrostruktur auf zumindest einer Seite, vorzugsweise auf sämt- liehen Seiten, d. h. im Wesentlichen quer zur Dickenerstreckung, überragt, so dass im Umfangsrandbereich der Mikrostruktur, insbesondere an den (seitlichen) Flanken der Mikrostruktur, eine verdickte Eutektikum-Schicht ausgebildet wird.Of particular advantage is an embodiment in which the solder material is applied in such a way that it supports the microstructure on at least one side, preferably on all sides, ie. H. essentially transversely to the thickness extension, surmounted so that a thickened eutectic layer is formed in the peripheral edge region of the microstructure, in particular on the (lateral) flanks of the microstructure.
Ein zuvor beschriebener Verbund aus mindestens zwei Halbleitersubstraten zeichnet sich bevorzugt dadurch aus, dass die eutektische Schicht im Umfangsrandbereich der Mikrostruktur, insbesondere an (seitlichen) Flanken der Mikro- struktur und/oder in mindestens einer Vertiefung bzw. an Vertiefungsflanken in der Mikrostruktur, dicker ist als in mindestens einem erhabenen, vorzugsweise ebenen Bereich der Mikrostruktur. Bevorzugt ist die Dickenerstreckung des Eu- tektikums, zumindest bereichsweise, größer als 1 Mikrometer, besonders bevorzugt größer als 5 Mikrometer.A composite of at least two semiconductor substrates described above is preferably characterized in that the eutectic layer is thicker in the peripheral edge region of the microstructure, in particular on (lateral) flanks of the microstructure and / or in at least one depression or recess flanks in the microstructure as in at least one raised, preferably flat area of the microstructure. Preferably, the thickness of the European Union tektikums, at least in regions, greater than 1 micrometer, more preferably greater than 5 microns.
Von besonderem Vorteil ist eine Ausführungsform, bei der das Lotmaterial nicht (nur) die Aufgabe hat, die mindestens zwei Halbleitersubstrate miteinander zu verbinden, sondern bei der das Lotmaterial zum Herstellen einer elektrischen Verbindung zwischen zwei auf unterschiedlichen Halbleitersubstraten angeordneten passiven oder aktiven elektrischen Bauteilen wie Leiterbahnen oder Transistoren dient. Insbesondere durch den verminderten Dickenauftrag des Lotmaterials und die im Verhältnis zur Gesamtdicke des Lotmaterials dicke Eutektikums-Schicht wird eine optimale Leitfähigkeit realisiert .Of particular advantage is an embodiment in which the solder material does not have (only) the task of connecting the at least two semiconductor substrates, but in which the solder material for establishing an electrical connection between two on different semiconductor substrates arranged passive or active electrical components such as interconnects or transistors is used. In particular, by the reduced thickness application of the solder material and in relation to the total thickness of the solder material thick eutectic layer optimum conductivity is realized.
Besonders bevorzugt ist eine Ausführungsform, bei der an einem der weiteren Halbleitersubstrate, wie eingangs erwähnt, eine Haftschicht zum "Festhalten" des Lotmaterials angeordnet ist. Diese Haftschicht kann beispielsweise durch Aufdampfen aufgebracht werden. Bevorzugt ist die Haftschicht so ausgebildet, dass das flüssige Lotmaterial diese nicht oder nur geringfügig benetzt. Es liegt im Rahmen der Weiterbildung, diese Haftschicht vor dem Aufbringen des Lotmaterials mit einer Mikrostruktur zu versehen oder die Haftschicht bereits mikrostrukturiert aufzubringen. Alternativ zu dem Vorsehen der Haftschicht ist es realisierbar, dass das Lotmaterial einen unmittelbaren Kontakt zu dem Halbleitersubstrat hat, insbesondere um eine eutektische Verbindung mit diesem auszubilden. In diesem Fall ist es vorteilhaft, das Halbleitersubstrat oder eine ggf. zwischen dem Halbleitersubstrat und dem Lotmaterial vorgesehene Schicht mit einer Mikrostruktur zu versehen bzw. als Mikrostruktur auszubilden. Zusätzlich oder alternativ zum Herstellen einer elektrisch leitenden Verbindung zwischen den mindestens zwei Halbleitersubstraten ist es denkbar, das Lotmaterial bzw. die ge- bildete eutektische Schicht in Form eines, insbesondere ringförmigen, Bondrahmens anzuordnen, der bevorzugt eine elektronische Schaltung oder ein mikromechanisches Bauteil umschließt. Aufgrund einer derartigen Anordnung des Lotmaterials kann die elektronische Schaltung durch Festlegen des weiteren Halbleitersubstrates gedeckelt und hermetisch eingekapselt werden.Particularly preferred is an embodiment in which an adhesive layer for "holding" the solder material is arranged on one of the other semiconductor substrates, as mentioned above. This adhesive layer can be applied, for example, by vapor deposition. Preferably, the adhesive layer is formed so that the liquid solder material does not wet or only slightly. It is within the scope of the development to provide this adhesive layer with a microstructure before the application of the solder material or to apply the adhesive layer already microstructured. As an alternative to the provision of the adhesive layer, it can be realized that the solder material has an immediate contact with the semiconductor substrate, in particular in order to form a eutectic connection with the latter. In this case, it is advantageous to provide the semiconductor substrate or a layer possibly provided between the semiconductor substrate and the solder material with a microstructure or to form it as a microstructure. In addition or as an alternative to producing an electrically conductive connection between the at least two semiconductor substrates, it is conceivable to arrange the solder material or the formed eutectic layer in the form of a, in particular ring-shaped, bonding frame, which preferably encloses an electronic circuit or a micromechanical component. Due to such an arrangement of the solder material, the electronic circuit can be capped and hermetically encapsulated by fixing the further semiconductor substrate.
In Weiterbildung der Erfindung ist mit Vorteil vorgesehen, dass die Breitenerstreckung (quer zur Dickenerstreckung) der Mikrostruktur, vorzugsweise des Bondrahmens, eine maximale Breite von 200 Mikrometern, vorzugsweise nur von etwa 100 Mikrometern, besonders bevorzugt nur von etwa 50 Mikrometern oder darunter aufweist, um einen möglichst großen Flächenanteil zumindest eines Halbleitersubstrates zum Auf- bringen von aktiven und/oder passiven elektrischen Bauteilen ausnutzen zu können.In a development of the invention, it is advantageously provided that the width extension (transverse to the thickness extension) of the microstructure, preferably of the bonding frame, has a maximum width of 200 micrometers, preferably only about 100 micrometers, more preferably only about 50 micrometers or less To be able to exploit the largest possible surface portion of at least one semiconductor substrate for applying active and / or passive electrical components.
In Weiterbildung der Erfindung ist mit Vorteil vorgesehen, dass auf zumindest einem der Halbleitersubstrate, vorzugs- weise auf beiden Halbleitersubstraten, besonders bevorzugt ringförmig um das Lotmaterial oder die gebildete Eutekti- kumsschicht herum, ein Material vorgesehen, vorzugsweise aufgedampft, ist, das keine oder ggf. nur eine geringfügige Benetzung mit flüssigem Eutektikum erlaubt, sodass ein un- kontrolliertes seitliches Überlaufen des Eutektikums über die Mikrostruktur hinaus minimiert, vorzugsweise vollständig verhindert wird. Die Erfindung führt auch auf ein Verfahren zum Herstellen eines zuvor beschriebenen Verbundes. Kerngedanke des Verfahrens ist es, zumindest eines der Halbleitersubstrate vor dem Aufbringen bzw. in Kontaktbringen mit dem Lotmaterial mit einer Mikrostruktur zu versehen und/oder eine ggf. auf das Halbleitersubstrat aufgebrachte Schicht mit einer Mikrostruktur zu versehen oder bereits mikrostrukturiert aufzubringen, um somit, insbesondere durch die Wirkung von Kapillarkräften, die Ausbildung einer Eutektikumsschicht mit einer im Vergleich zum Stand der Technik, zumindest bereichsweise, größeren Dickenerstreckung zu erhalten.In a further development of the invention, it is advantageously provided that a material, preferably vapor-deposited, is provided on at least one of the semiconductor substrates, preferably on both semiconductor substrates, particularly preferably annularly around the solder material or the formed eutectic layer, which has no or, if appropriate, vapor deposition Only slight wetting with liquid eutectic is allowed, so that an uncontrolled lateral overflow of the eutectic beyond the microstructure is minimized, preferably completely prevented. The invention also leads to a method for producing a composite as described above. The core idea of the method is to provide at least one of the semiconductor substrates prior to application or in contact with the solder material with a microstructure and / or to provide a possibly applied to the semiconductor substrate layer with a microstructure or already applied microstructured, thus, in particular by the action of capillary forces to obtain the formation of a eutectic layer with a greater thickness, at least in some areas, compared to the prior art.
Besonders bevorzugt ist eine Ausführungsform des Verfahrens, bei der das Lotmaterial, bevor es mit der zuvor be- schriebenen Mikrostruktur in Kontakt gebracht wird, an einem weiteren Halbleitersubstrat, bevorzugt an einer auf diesem vorgesehenen Haftschicht, festgelegt wird. Bevorzugt nach oder auch schon während des Zusammenführens der mindestens zwei Halbleitersubstrate wird das Lotmaterial, bei- spielsweise durch Einbringen des noch nicht festen Verbundes in einen Lötofen, erhitzt. Ggf. wird der Verbund zusätzlich mit Druck (Anpressdruck) beaufschlagt. Die Temperatur des Lotmaterials, zumindest im Kontaktbereich zu der Mikrostruktur, muss ausreichend hoch sein, um die Ausbil- düng einer eutektischen Schicht zwischen dem Mikrostruktur- material und dem Lotmaterial zu gewährleisten.Particularly preferred is an embodiment of the method in which the solder material, before it is brought into contact with the previously described microstructure, is fixed to a further semiconductor substrate, preferably to an adhesive layer provided thereon. Preferably, after or even during the merging of the at least two semiconductor substrates, the solder material is heated, for example by introducing the not yet firm composite into a soldering oven. Possibly. In addition, the composite is subjected to pressure (contact pressure). The temperature of the solder material, at least in the contact region to the microstructure, must be sufficiently high to ensure the formation of a eutectic layer between the microstructure material and the solder material.
Kurze Beschreibung der ZeichnungenBrief description of the drawings
Weitere Vorteile, Merkmale und Einzelheiten der Erfindung ergeben sich aus der nachfolgenden Beschreibung bevorzugter Ausführungsbeispiele sowie anhand der Zeichnungen. Diese zeigen in: Fig. Ia einen Herstellungsschritt zum Herstellen eines in Fig. Ib gezeigten Verbundes nach dem Stand der Technik,Further advantages, features and details of the invention will become apparent from the following description of preferred embodiments and from the drawings. These show in: 1 a shows a production step for producing a prior art composite shown in FIG. 1 b, FIG.
Fig. Ib einen Verbund, wie dieser aus dem Stand der Technik bekannt ist,1b shows a composite, as known from the prior art,
Fig. 2 einen Herstellungsschritt bei der Herstellung ei- nes nach dem Konzept der Erfindung ausgebildetenFIG. 2 shows a production step in the production of a design according to the concept of the invention. FIG
Verbundes,composite,
Fig. 3 einen weiteren Verfahrensschritt bei der Herstel¬ lung des Verbundes, wobei die miteinander zu ver- bindenden Halbleitersubstrate zusammengefügt sind,Fig. 3 shows a further process step in the herstel ¬ development of the composite, which are joined together to comparable binding semiconductor substrates,
Fig. 4 eine Detailvergrößerung aus Fig. 3,4 shows an enlarged detail of FIG. 3,
Fig.5 eine vergrößerte Darstellung eines ersten Ausfüh¬ rungsbeispiels eines nach dem Konzept der Erfin¬ dung ausgebildeten Verbundes und5 shows an enlarged illustration of a first embodiment of an exporting approximately ¬ formed according to the concept of the composite and dung ¬ OF INVENTION
Fig. 6 eine zu dem Verbund gemäß Fig. 5 alternative Aus- führungsform eines Verbundes, wobei eine, ein Ü- berlaufen von flüssigem Eutektikum verhinderndeFIG. 6 shows an alternative embodiment of a composite to the composite according to FIG. 5, one preventing overflow of liquid eutectic. FIG
Schicht rund um eine Mikrostruktur aufgebracht ist .Layer is applied around a microstructure.
Ausführungsformen der Erfindung In den Figuren sind gleiche Bauteile und Bauteile mit der gleichen Funktion mit den gleichen Bezugszeichen gekennzeichnet .Embodiments of the invention In the figures, the same components and components with the same function with the same reference numerals.
In den Fig. Ia und Fig. Ib ist der Stand der Technik dargestellt. Zu erkennen ist ein erstes, flächiges Halbleitersubstrat 1, insbesondere ein Wafer, auf den eine Haftschicht 2 aufgedampft ist. An dieser ebenen Haftschicht haftet Lotmaterial 3, das zur Anbindung des ersten Halblei- tersubstrates 1 an ein in der Zeichnungsebene darunter angeordnetes zweites Halbleitersubstrat 4 dient.In the Fig. Ia and Fig. Ib the prior art is shown. Evident is a first, planar semiconductor substrate 1, in particular a wafer, on which an adhesive layer 2 is vapor-deposited. Solder material 3, which serves to connect the first semiconductor substrate 1 to a second semiconductor substrate 4 arranged underneath in the plane of the drawing, adheres to this planar adhesion layer.
In Fig. Ib ist ein fertig ausgebildeter, bekannter Verbund 5, umfassend das erste Halbleitersubstrat 1 und das zweite Halbleitersubstrat 4 gezeigt. Zu erkennen ist, dass zwischen dem ebenen zweiten Halbleitersubstrat 4 und dem Lotmaterial 3 ein dünnes Eutektikum 6 ausgebildet ist, das für die Anbindung des zweiten Halbleitersubstrates 4 verantwortlich ist.FIG. 1 b shows a ready-formed, known composite 5 comprising the first semiconductor substrate 1 and the second semiconductor substrate 4. It can be seen that between the flat second semiconductor substrate 4 and the solder material 3, a thin eutectic 6 is formed, which is responsible for the connection of the second semiconductor substrate 4.
In Fig. 2 ist ein Verfahrensschritt bei der Herstellung eines ausschnittsweise in den Fig. 5 und 6 dargestellten Verbundes 5 gezeigt. In Fig. 2 ist in der oberen Zeichnungshälfte ein erstes Halbleitersubstrat 1 gezeigt, auf das in einem vorgelagerten Schritt eine Haftschicht 2 aufgedampft wurde. Auf diese Haftschicht 2 wurde Lotmaterial 3 aufgebracht. In dem gezeigten Ausführungsbeispiel besteht das erste Halbleitersubstrat 1 aus Silizium. Die Haftschicht 2 ist derart ausgebildet, dass sie keine oder maximal eine geringfügige Benetzung mit geschmolzenem Lotmaterial erlaubt. Aus Fig. 2 ist zu erkennen, dass die Dickenerstreckung des Lotmaterials 3 wesentlich geringer ist als bei den Ausführungsbeispielen nach dem Stand der Technik. Die Dickenerstreckung beträgt etwa 1/5 der Dickenerstreckung bei einem bekannten Verbund 5 (vgl. Fig. Ia und Fig. Ib) .FIG. 2 shows a method step in the production of a composite 5 shown in partial detail in FIGS. 5 and 6. 2, a first semiconductor substrate 1 is shown in the upper half of the drawing, on which an adhesive layer 2 was vapor-deposited in an upstream step. Solder material 3 was applied to this adhesive layer 2. In the exemplary embodiment shown, the first semiconductor substrate 1 consists of silicon. The adhesive layer 2 is designed such that it allows no or at most a slight wetting with molten solder material. From Fig. 2 it can be seen that the thickness extension of the solder material 3 is substantially lower than in the embodiments of the prior art. The Thickness extension is about 1/5 of the thickness extension in a known composite 5 (see Fig. Ia and Fig. Ib).
Das mit dem Lotmaterial 3 versehene erste Halbleitersub- strat 1 soll mit einem in der Zeichnungsebene darunter angeordneten zweiten Halbleitersubstrat 4 fest verbunden werden. Das zweite Halbleitersubstrat 4 ist in dem gezeigten Ausführungsbeispiel aus Silizium ausgebildet. Das Lotmaterial 3 besteht (im Wesentlichen) aus Gold. Alternativ kann das erste Halbleitermaterial 1 aus Silizium oder Germanium ausgebildet werden. Das zweite Halbleitersubstrat 4 kann alternativ, beispielsweise aus Siliziumoxid oder Germanium, ausgebildet werden. Anstelle der Verwendung von Gold als Lotmaterial ist die Verwendung von Aluminium, AlCu oder Al- SiCu realisierbar. Die Haftschicht auf dem ersten Halbleitersubstrat 1 ist in dem gezeigten Ausführungsbeispiel aus Chrom ausgebildet.The first semiconductor substrate 1 provided with the solder material 3 is intended to be fixedly connected to a second semiconductor substrate 4 arranged underneath in the plane of the drawing. The second semiconductor substrate 4 is formed in the embodiment shown of silicon. The solder material 3 consists (essentially) of gold. Alternatively, the first semiconductor material 1 may be formed of silicon or germanium. The second semiconductor substrate 4 may alternatively be formed, for example, of silicon oxide or germanium. Instead of using gold as the solder material, the use of aluminum, AlCu or Al-SiCu can be realized. The adhesive layer on the first semiconductor substrate 1 is formed of chromium in the embodiment shown.
Wie aus Fig. 2 unten zu erkennen ist, ist das zweite HaIb- leitersubstrat 4 nicht planeben ausgebildet, sondern weist in einem späteren, in Fig. 3 ersichtlichen Kontaktbereich 7 zu dem Lotmaterial 3 eine Mikrostruktur 8 auf. Es ist zu erkennen, dass das Lotmaterial 3 die Mikrostruktur 8 seitlich, d. h. quer zu seiner Dickenerstreckung überragt. In dem gezeigten Ausführungsbeispiel ist die Mikrostruktur 8 als einfacher Strukturblock ausgebildet. Zusätzlich oder alternativ kann die Mikrostruktur 8 aus einer Vielzahl von Erhebungen und Gräben bestehen. Bevorzugt beträgt die Höhe der Erhebungen bzw. die Tiefe der Gräben mindestens 2 μm vorzugsweise maximal 40 μm. Ebenso beträgt die Breite einzelner Strukturabschnitte der Mikrostruktur bevorzugt mindestens 1 μm und vorzugsweise maximal 40 μm. Die Gesamt- breite der Mikrostruktur 8 in dem gezeigten Ausführungsbeispiel beträgt etwa zwischen 20 und 200 μm.As can be seen from FIG. 2 at the bottom, the second semiconductor substrate 4 is not planar, but has a microstructure 8 in a later contact region 7, which can be seen in FIG. 3, relative to the solder material 3. It can be seen that the solder material 3 projects beyond the microstructure 8 laterally, ie transversely to its thickness. In the embodiment shown, the microstructure 8 is formed as a simple structural block. Additionally or alternatively, the microstructure 8 may consist of a plurality of elevations and trenches. The height of the elevations or the depth of the trenches is preferably at least 2 μm, preferably at most 40 μm. Likewise, the width of individual structural sections of the microstructure is preferably at least 1 μm and preferably at most 40 μm. The total Width of the microstructure 8 in the embodiment shown is approximately between 20 and 200 microns.
In Fig. 4 ist ein vergrößertes Detail aus Fig. 3 gezeigt. Dort ist die Höhe H (Dickenerstreckung) der Mikrostruktur 8 von in diesem Ausführungsbeispiel 10 μm eingezeichnet. Besonders gut ist aus Fig. 4 zu erkennen, dass die Mikrostruktur 8 seitlich von dem dünnen Lotmaterial 3 in Querrichtung überragt wird. Bei den gezeigten Ausführungsbei- spielen ist die Mikrostruktur 8 durch Anwendung eines Umformverfahrens oder eines Abtragverfahrens unmittelbar in das zweite Halbleitersubstrat 4 eingebracht. Zusätzlich o- der alternativ ist es denkbar, die Mikrostruktur 8 oder einen Mikrostrukturabschnitt durch ein auftragendes Verfah- ren, beispielsweise durch Aufdampfen oder Aufdrucken, aufzubringen. Für den Fall, dass eine weitere, nicht gezeigte, dünne Schicht auf dem zweiten Halbleitermaterial 4 derart aufgebracht ist, dass sie sich zumindest abschnittsweise zwischen dem zweiten Halbleitermaterial 4 und dem Lotmate- rial 3 befindet, ist es vorteilhaft, diese Schicht zu strukturieren oder bereits strukturiert aufzubringen.In Fig. 4 is an enlarged detail of Fig. 3 is shown. There, the height H (thickness) of the microstructure 8 is drawn by 10 microns in this embodiment. It can be seen particularly well from FIG. 4 that the microstructure 8 is laterally surmounted by the thin solder material 3 in the transverse direction. In the exemplary embodiments shown, the microstructure 8 is introduced directly into the second semiconductor substrate 4 by using a forming process or an ablation process. In addition or alternatively, it is conceivable to apply the microstructure 8 or a microstructure section by an applied method, for example by vapor deposition or printing. In the event that a further, not shown, thin layer on the second semiconductor material 4 is applied such that it is at least partially between the second semiconductor material 4 and the Lotmate- rial 3, it is advantageous to structure this layer or already structured to apply.
Bevorzugt nach dem Zusammenführen des ersten Halbleitersubstrates 1 auf dem zweiten Halbleitersubstrat 4, wie in den Fig. 3 und 4 gezeigt, wird die so erhaltene Verbundanordnung in einen Lötofen überführt, in dem eine Temperatur o- berhalb einer Liquidus-Temperatur eines in den Fig. 5 und 6 gezeigten Eutektikums 6 herrscht. Ggf. kann zusätzlich ein Anpressdruck auf die Halbleitersubstrate 1, 4, vorzugsweise in Zusammenführrichtung, aufgebracht werden. Während des Lötprozesses diffundieren Atome aus dem zweiten Halbleitersubstrat 4 in das Lotmaterial 3 ein, und umgekehrt, wodurch das gezeigte Eutektikum 6 ausgebildet wird. Durch die wir- kenden Kapillarkräfte wird entstehendes Eutektikum an einen äußeren Flankenbereich 9 (Umfangsrandbereich) der Mikrostruktur 8 „angezogen", wodurch das Eutektikum 6 im Flankenbereich 9 im Vergleich zu einem erhabenen Bereich 10 der Mikrostruktur 8 vergleichsweise dick ist. In dem gezeigten Ausführungsbeispiel beträgt die Dicke des Eutektikums 6 im Flankenbereich 9 mehr als 20 μm.Preferably, after the first semiconductor substrate 1 has been brought together on the second semiconductor substrate 4, as shown in FIGS. 3 and 4, the composite assembly thus obtained is transferred to a soldering oven in which a temperature above a liquidus temperature of one shown in FIGS. 5 and 6 shown eutectic 6 prevails. Possibly. In addition, a contact pressure can be applied to the semiconductor substrates 1, 4, preferably in the joining direction. During the soldering process, atoms diffuse from the second semiconductor substrate 4 into the solder material 3, and vice versa, whereby the eutectic 6 shown is formed. Through the wir- As a result of the capillary forces, the resulting eutectic is "attracted" to an outer flank region 9 (peripheral edge region) of the microstructure 8, whereby the eutectic 6 in the flank region 9 is comparatively thick compared to a raised region 10 of the microstructure 8. In the embodiment shown, the thickness of the eutectic is 6 in the flank region 9 more than 20 microns.
In Fig. 6 ist ein alternatives Ausführungsbeispiel eines fertigen Verbundes 5 gezeigt. Der einzige Unterschied zu dem Ausführungsbeispiel gemäß Fig. 5 besteht darin, dass die Mikrostruktur 8 umfänglich von einem Material 11 umgeben ist, das von dem Eutektikum 6 nicht benetzbar ist, um ein unkontrolliertes Überlaufen von beim Lötprozess entste- hendem, flüssigem Eutektikum 6 aus dem Kontaktbereich 7 heraus zu verhindern.FIG. 6 shows an alternative exemplary embodiment of a finished composite 5. The only difference from the exemplary embodiment according to FIG. 5 is that the microstructure 8 is surrounded circumferentially by a material 11 which is not wettable by the eutectic 6 in order to prevent an uncontrolled overflow of liquid eutectic 6 arising during the soldering process To prevent contact area 7 out.
In Abwandlung der gezeigten Ausführungsbeispiele kann die Haftschicht 2 oder eine zusätzliche oder alternative Schicht oder das erste Halbleitersubstrat 1 vor dem Aufbringen des Lotmaterials 3 ebenfalls mit einer Mikrostruktur versehen werden.In a modification of the exemplary embodiments shown, the adhesion layer 2 or an additional or alternative layer or the first semiconductor substrate 1 may also be provided with a microstructure before the application of the solder material 3.
In den gezeigten Ausführungsbeispielen (Fig. 5 und 6) be- steht das Eutektikum 6 aus den Bestandteilen Gold und Silizium. Je nach Materialkombination von Lotmaterial 3 und Halbleitersubstratmaterial des zweiten Halbleitersubstrates 4 oder ggf. einer auf dieses aufgebrachten Schicht kann das Eutektikum 6 beispielsweise aus den Bestandteilen AlCu/Si, AlSiCU/Si, Al/Si, Au/Ge, Al/Ge oder AlCu/Ge, AlSiCu/Ge gebildet werden. Weitere Materialpaarungen sind ebenfalls realisierbar . In the exemplary embodiments shown (FIGS. 5 and 6), the eutectic 6 consists of the constituents gold and silicon. Depending on the material combination of solder material 3 and semiconductor substrate material of the second semiconductor substrate 4 or possibly a layer applied thereto, the eutectic 6 may be made of, for example, the components AlCu / Si, AlSiCU / Si, Al / Si, Au / Ge, Al / Ge or AlCu / Ge, AlSiCu / Ge are formed. Other material pairings are also feasible.

Claims

Ansprüche claims
1. Verbund, umfassend ein erstes Halbleitersubstrat (1), das mit Lotmaterial (3) an mindestens einem zweiten Halbleitersubstrat (4) festgelegt ist, wobei zwischen dem Lotmaterial (3) und dem zweiten Halbleitersubstrat (4) und/oder mindestens einer gegebenenfalls auf dem zweiten Halbleitersubstrat (4) vorgesehenen Schicht, ein Eutektikum (6) ausgebildet ist,1. composite, comprising a first semiconductor substrate (1) which is fixed with solder material (3) on at least one second semiconductor substrate (4), wherein between the solder material (3) and the second semiconductor substrate (4) and / or at least one optionally on the second semiconductor substrate (4) provided layer, a eutectic (6) is formed,
dadurch gekennzeichnet,characterized,
dass das Eutektikum (6) zwischen dem Lotmaterial (3) und einer Mikrostruktur (8) ausgebildet ist, die im Kontaktbereich (7) zu dem Lotmaterial (3) in dem zweiten Halbleitersubstrat (4) und/oder in der Schicht ausgebildet ist.in that the eutectic (6) is formed between the solder material (3) and a microstructure (8) which is formed in the contact region (7) to the solder material (3) in the second semiconductor substrate (4) and / or in the layer.
2. Verbund nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Lotmaterial (3) die Mikrostruktur (8) seitlich, vorzugsweise auf allen Seiten, überragt.2. Composite according to claim 1, characterized in that the solder material (3) projects beyond the microstructure (8) laterally, preferably on all sides.
3. Verbund nach einem der Ansprüche 1 oder 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Eutektikum (6) im Randbereich der Mikrostruktur (8) und/oder in mindestens einer Vertiefung innerhalb der Mikrostruktur (8) dicker ist als in mindestens einem erhabenen Bereich (10) der Mikrostruktur (8) .3. Composite according to one of claims 1 or 2, characterized in that the eutectic (6) in the edge region of the microstructure (8) and / or in at least one depression within the microstructure (8) is thicker than in at least one raised region (10 ) of the microstructure (8).
4. Verbund nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Lotmaterial (3) einen elektrischen Kontakt bildet.4. Composite according to one of the preceding claims, characterized that the solder material (3) forms an electrical contact.
5. Verbund nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass zwischen dem Lotmaterial (3) und dem ersten Halbleitersubstrat (1) eine Haftschicht (2) angeordnet ist.5. Composite according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that between the solder material (3) and the first semiconductor substrate (1) an adhesive layer (2) is arranged.
6. Verbund nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüchen, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das erste Halbleitersubstrat (1) und/oder eine gegebenenfalls auf dem ersten Halbleitersubstrat (1) vorgesehene Haftschicht (2) mikrostrukturiert ist.6. Composite according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the first semiconductor substrate (1) and / or an optional on the first semiconductor substrate (1) provided adhesion layer (2) is microstructured.
7. Verbund nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüchen, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Lotmaterial (3) in Form eines Bondrahmens angeordnet ist.7. Composite according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the solder material (3) is arranged in the form of a bonding frame.
8. Verbund nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Mikrostruktur (8) eine maximale Gesamtbreite von 200μm, vorzugsweise von lOOμm, besonders bevorzugt von 50μm, aufweist.8. Composite according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the microstructure (8) has a maximum total width of 200 .mu.m, preferably of lOOμm, more preferably of 50 .mu.m.
9. Verbund nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Mikrostruktur (8) seitlich, zumindest be- reichsweise, vorzugsweise vollständig von einem ein seitliches Überlaufen von flüssigem Eutektikum (6) verhindernden Material umgeben ist. 9. Composite according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the microstructure (8) laterally, at least partially, preferably completely surrounded by a lateral overflow of liquid eutectic (6) preventing material.
10. Verbund nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Mikrostruktur (8) als einteiliger Mikroblock ausgebildet ist oder aus einer Vielzahl von Gräben und Erhebungen besteht, wobei die Strukturbreiten und/oder -höhen vorzugsweise in einem Größenbereich zwischen etwa lμm und etwa lOμm ausgebildet sind.10. Composite according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the microstructure (8) is formed as a one-piece microblock or consists of a plurality of trenches and elevations, wherein the feature widths and / or heights preferably in a size range between about lμm and about lOμm are formed.
11. Verfahren zum Herstellen eines Verbundes (5) zwischen einem ersten Halbleitersubstrat (1) und einem zweiten11. A method for producing a composite (5) between a first semiconductor substrate (1) and a second
Halbleitersubstrat (4), wobei Lotmaterial (3) auf das zweite Halbleitersubstrat (4) und/oder auf mindestens eine gegebenenfalls auf dem zweiten Halbleitersubstrat (4) vorgesehene Schicht aufgebracht wird, wobei zwi- sehen dem Lotmaterial (3) und dem zweiten Halbleitersubstrat und/oder der Schicht ein Eutektikum (6) ausgebildet wird,Semiconductor substrate (4), wherein solder material (3) on the second semiconductor substrate (4) and / or on at least one optionally on the second semiconductor substrate (4) provided layer, wherein between see the solder material (3) and the second semiconductor substrate and / or the layer is formed a eutectic (6),
dadurch gekennzeichnet,characterized,
dass das zweite Halbleitersubstrat (4) und/oder die Schicht im Kontaktbereich (7) zu dem Lotmaterial (3) vor dem Aufbringen des Lotmaterials (3) mikrostrukturiert werden/wird und/oder die Schicht vor dem Auf- bringen des Lotmaterials (3) mikrostrukturiert aufgebracht wird.in that the second semiconductor substrate (4) and / or the layer in the contact region (7) to the solder material (3) is microstructured before the application of the solder material (3) and / or the layer before applying the solder material (3) microstructured is applied.
12. Verfahren nach Anspruch 11, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Lotmaterial (3) , vorzugsweise vor dem Aufbringen auf das zweite Halbleitersubstrat (4) und/oder auf die Schicht, auf das erste Halbleitersubstrat (1) und/oder eine auf diesem vorgesehene Haftschicht (2) aufgebracht wird. 12. The method according to claim 11, characterized in that the solder material (3), preferably before the application to the second semiconductor substrate (4) and / or on the layer, on the first semiconductor substrate (1) and / or an adhesive layer (2) provided thereon is applied.
EP08803519A 2007-10-09 2008-09-02 Composite element consisting of at least two semiconductor substrates, and production method Ceased EP2198454A1 (en)

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US20070134903A1 (en) * 2005-12-09 2007-06-14 Vivian Ryan Integrated circuit having bond pad with improved thermal and mechanical properties

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