EP2198208A1 - Puits de nappe phréatique - Google Patents

Puits de nappe phréatique

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Publication number
EP2198208A1
EP2198208A1 EP08802661A EP08802661A EP2198208A1 EP 2198208 A1 EP2198208 A1 EP 2198208A1 EP 08802661 A EP08802661 A EP 08802661A EP 08802661 A EP08802661 A EP 08802661A EP 2198208 A1 EP2198208 A1 EP 2198208A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
main pipe
heat
tubes
groundwater
plant according
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
EP08802661A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Michael Viernickel
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Geo En Energy Technologies GmbH
Original Assignee
Geo En Energy Technologies GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Geo En Energy Technologies GmbH filed Critical Geo En Energy Technologies GmbH
Publication of EP2198208A1 publication Critical patent/EP2198208A1/fr
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24T—GEOTHERMAL COLLECTORS; GEOTHERMAL SYSTEMS
    • F24T10/00—Geothermal collectors
    • F24T10/20—Geothermal collectors using underground water as working fluid; using working fluid injected directly into the ground, e.g. using injection wells and recovery wells
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/10—Geothermal energy

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a plant for the use of geothermal energy and the use of this plant for the supply or removal of heat, for decontamination of particular groundwater and / or power generation.
  • geothermal energy is assigned to the regenerative energies With increasing depth the temperature rises. This temperature increase does not depend on the seasons or the climate, but depends exclusively on the geological and geothermal conditions. For this reason, in many regions, the use of geothermal energy to generate energy, as in this way an emission-neutral, especially with regard to COremissions, and harmless energy production is possible.
  • EP 0 386 176 B1 discloses a system for exchanging energy between soil and an energy exchanger via a combination of a supply line with a pump in the borehole and a return line.
  • the borehole is provided with a porous filling and it is introduced through the flow pipe water into the well, which passes through the porous backfill to the return lines.
  • the return lines are equipped with a combination of cross-connections and passage openings. provided in the direction of the porous Verfiillung so that the water in the promotion to the earth's surface must always leave the return line.
  • the heat absorption of the water should be increased.
  • a disadvantage of this solution is that it can be used only over long lengths with sufficient efficiency.
  • EP 0 755497 B1 discloses a plant for recovering earthworms, in which water is introduced to the bottom of the bore in the outer area of the borehole.
  • a separation pipe In a defined distance from the bottom of the bore, a separation pipe is arranged, which has a pump in the lower region, which is provided for the promotion of water to the earth's surface.
  • the area of the bore between the outlet opening of the water supply pipes and the lateral opening of the separation pipe is provided with a porous filling.
  • heated water from the lower region of the bore should preferably be absorbed by the inventive measures of EP 0 755 497 B1
  • Other systems are described in the prior art in EP 1 388 717, JP 58024762, US 3,938,592, DE 20 2004016998, DE 2850865 and in CH 653120.
  • EP 1 388 717 discloses a plant for utilizing geothermal heat with a main pipe, which is divided with a transverse closure into an upper and a lower part.
  • the tube has passages to the environment.
  • a pump is arranged, which conveys the groundwater through heat exchanger tubes upwards.
  • heat carrier pipes are arranged within the main pipe.
  • This invention requires large bore calibers and does not provide elastic and hydraulically advantageous embedding in porous material
  • JP 58024762 describes a method for dissipating geothermal heat with a main pipe, which is equipped above and below a transverse closure with through openings.
  • the removal from a groundwater-conducting layer and introduction into a hydraulically separated other groundwater drain is shown as essential and basically necessary.
  • Fresh water and salt water lead which can lead to precipitation reactions and the long-term clogging of well filter sections.
  • a mixture of different groundwater is not allowed to be problematic in areas with groundwater use for drinking water production,
  • US 3,938,592 discloses a plant for utilizing geothermal heat with a main pipe which is subdivided by a transverse closure in which a pump is arranged. Above the transverse closure, a U-shaped water exchange tube for the circulation of a heat carrier is described, wherein the main tube is surrounded by a porous bed. The installation requires larger underground cavities through multiple holes or blasting, therefore in loose rock usually not usable because of the instability of the substrate.
  • the disclosures DE 20 2004 016 998, DE 2850865 and CH 653120 describe devices for utilizing geothermal heat with a heat exchanger for the direct evaporation of a liquid refrigerant or else they disclose main or heat exchanger tubes made of PVC or polyethylene.
  • the underground closed heat exchanger surfaces are due to the possibly very slow groundwater inflow almost at the level of pure (conductive) heat conduction allow low transmission performance.
  • the object of the invention was therefore to provide a system which does not have the disadvantages of the prior art and which allows efficient use of geothermal energy.
  • the object according to the invention is solved by the features of the claims, advantageous embodiments in particular give the dependent claims.
  • a geothermal heat plant comprising a main pipe in a bore of a well, the main pipe having passages being subdivided into upper and lower parts by a transverse seal and the transverse seal having an opening in which At least partially, a device is arranged which triggers, maintains, initiates and / or supports a flow, and wherein further in the flow at least one heat exchanging organ or a corresponding device is arranged and the main tube at least partially, preferably completely from a porous Schüt- surrounded, which surrounds at least a portion of the remaining, preferably the entire cavity of the bore around the main pipe and is arranged in the region between the formed as filter sections passage openings of the main pipe, the porous bed through a sealing material is interrupted hydraulically in whole or in part, preferably by swelling clays, cement or comparable, preferably permanently plastic materials.
  • the plant or device according to the invention preferably has the abovementioned transverse closure at half the height of the surrounding unconsolidated soil saturated with groundwater.
  • the transverse closure in the lower or upper third, quarter, sixth, eighth or is positioned completely different, which depends in particular on the hydraulic properties of the groundwater saturated surrounding loose rock.
  • the person skilled in the art can determine the appropriate positioning by means of evaluation of the hydraulic properties of the loose sediment and consideration in thermohydraulic numerical (flow) simulation without being inventive.
  • the transverse closure is a block of material arranged around the main tube or passing through the main tube.
  • a main pipe is advantageously installed in a bore, which is preferably arranged centrally in the bore and has two different filter sections through the sealing material and the transverse closure, which are located one above the other at a distance from each other.
  • groundwater stoppers are, in particular, rock bodies or strata with a low water permeability and stagnant properties in relation to the groundwater.
  • groundwater-bearing sediments can be exploited by the described technology in such a way that, for example, groundwater is pumped out in the lower part of this formation and is reinjected in particular at a distance of several meters above it. It can be observed in accordance with the above-mentioned permeability differences that the water does not take the shortest path from top to bottom in accordance with the pressure differences produced thereby, but instead covers a wide detour of a multiple of the shortest distance circularly around the device or installation A large volume of the aquifer is flowed through and a heat exchange is triggered, preferably when the injected water has a temperature deviating from the groundwater.
  • the hydraulic connection to the groundwater heater is accomplished by the design of the delivery and injection sections, which are realized in the form of breakthrough openings in the main pipe and the surrounding porous bed
  • the pressure build-up between the delivery and injection sections is influenced in a way that further increases the verticality of the vertical flow.
  • thermohydraulic flow simulation in the form of numerical computer programs is advantageously used in particular the dimensioning of the surrounding the main pipe porous bed and arrangement of the openings and their opening areas.
  • This allows the hydraulic connection to the groundwater horizon to be regulated for the intended concentric vertical circulation within the groundwater aisle.
  • Preference is given to the graded hydraulic permeability of the porous bed and Rohröfthungen according to the simulation, the amount of water on the various levels such that there is a maximum extensive lateral flow through the Grundwasserieiters and thus at the same time a local pressure equalization, so that no lowering funnel is formed.
  • This flow control designed in this way can prevent the hydraulic short circuit, which otherwise occurs close to the barrier layer, which would considerably reduce the power in accordance with the state of the art that was hitherto valid.
  • the flow control a uniform flow over the entire filter length can be ensured, which is for the minimization of the occurring speeds and the associated turbulence of crucial importance.
  • the configuration in particular of the lower passage openings as filter sections, additionally ensures that the pump arranged in the main pipe is not damaged by solid constituents.
  • the füreriesöffhungen the filter sections should preferably be designed in the form of a transverse slit, these from the inside to the outside in deröffhungsweite, preferably 1 -4mm, increase, so that sets no relevant flow acceleration over the depth and in the case of a cleaning measure from the inside to the outside, for. with a water pressure jet, the surrounding porous bed is easily accessible.
  • the bed of filter gravel or other preferably round body whose diameter according to the thermohydraulic numerical flow simulation preferably on the surrounding soil, the filter openings in the main pipe and the desired hydraulic processes must be done.
  • the effective pore space or the hydraulic permeability is greater than 30% and very high to maximum uniformity of the individual parts of the bulk material is given in terms of size and sphericity, which happens by preferred use of a glass bed, in particular of glass beads with a diameter of 0.5 to 10 mm, preferably with a diameter of 1, 5 to 5 mm.
  • These glass spheres allow by their uniformity in caliber completely surprising maximum widths of the openings, are surprisingly mechanically stable than the filter gravel usually used in fountain technology, are advantageously chemically neutral and very stable and surprisingly insensitive to adhesions of bacteria and dirt and easily due to their smooth surfaces to clean.
  • the route is understood in which the medium to be filtered, preferably groundwater possibly contaminated with suspended solids and pollutants, the filter material passes.
  • the filter section can also be subdivided into a plurality of filter sections which are not horizontally or vertically flowed through and which are connected to one another directly or via flow paths which are free of filter material.
  • the filter materials used are materials such as porous beds, preferably glass spheres or microfilters or membrane filters, or else materials which separate solid constituents of the water by means of differently sized pores.
  • the teaching according to the invention accordingly represents a combination in which several elements interact to achieve a total technical success.
  • thermohydraulic numerical flow simulation Due to the functional interaction of the individual elements of the combination according to the invention with the surrounding loose rock using thermohydraulic numerical flow simulation, the solution of the technical problem is realized.
  • the combined elements in the combination of the teaching of the invention work together towards a single goal.
  • the uniform technical success of the invention is based on the effects of the individual elements, which are, so to speak, the staple for the combination according to the invention.
  • the prior art gave the average expert no suggestion, just let the claimed elements of the combination according to the invention preferably cooperate within a groundwater horizon.
  • thermohydraulic numerical flow simulation are designed as filter sections and having the claimed features.
  • the teachings according to the application are characterized by the following features: Turning away from the technically usual: While at least two wells with distances of at least 15 meters have proved necessary for efficient heat exchange with the groundwater, with the application of the presented invention using modem numerical thermohydraulic simulation method these wells are vertically arranged one above the other within a bore, whereby significantly less than 10 meters distance of the openings of the main pipe, which are designed as filter sections, must be observed,
  • a technical advance consists in increasing the performance of the heat exchanger capacity to be realized within a well, thereby reducing costs and saving time and material during erection, increased reliability during operation, extensive freedom from maintenance,
  • the advantageous embodiments of the invention have at least one or more of the advantages mentioned. It was completely surprising that the combination of a main pipe, which is placed in the bore of a well and having the environment through openings, which are designed as filter sections, in conjunction with at least one transverse closure in the main pipe and a device for triggering or for continuous or discontinuously driving a flow to an improved system for the use of geothermal heat from the groundwater leads, when the main pipe is assigned at least one heat-using organ or operatively connected therewith and the main pipe is at least partially surrounded by a porous bed, wherein in the region Transverse closure within the main pipe, the porous bed is interrupted by a sealing material, so that the bed with respect to the inflowing or outflowing water is substantially at least partially interrupted hydraulically.
  • the passage area of the passage openings of the main pipe and the grain size of the porous flow control in terms of volume flow, direction and width is effected. The expert can determine these dimensions by flow simulations or routine experiments, without being inventive.
  • Particularly advantageous in a preferred embodiment of the system according to the invention is that groundwater or water is not conveyed, but underground circulation is generated. It is particularly advantageous that due to the design-related flow control and the hydraulic lock, preferably in the form of the transverse closure in the bore, a hydraulic short circuit is prevented and the earth body is flooded in a large radius with very slow flow velocities. Moreover, the system according to the invention is characterized in that ultimately only one pipe must be introduced into the bore, in combination with the special design and arrangement of the bed, which is sealingly formed between the filter sections.
  • a plant according to the present invention advantageously causes only minor thermal effects, in contrast to a strong local overheating or cooling in closed (probe) systems of the prior art.
  • the system according to the invention is also more maintenance-friendly, since above ground, no system components are arranged which can corrode in cooperation with atmospheric oxygen. More expensive corrosion-resistant versions, for example, the heat exchanger can be dispensed with.
  • the construction of the plant is simplified constructively on the condition that the main pipe with all components can be prefabricated and then the system can be embedded as a whole in a borehole.
  • the system according to the invention is characterized by a 5 to 10 times higher performance with respect to the use of thermal energy compared to previously known systems.
  • the device which triggers or initiates a flow can be, for example, an electrical or mechanical device or a combination of both.
  • a mechanical device for example, a worm, a paddle wheel or the like may be provided and in the case of an electrical device, a pump.
  • these devices or parts thereof are arranged in the opening of the transverse closure.
  • the pump or important elements of the mechanical arrangement preferably the screw, are arranged above ground, so that only a part of these systems is positioned in the opening of the transverse closure.
  • a flow takes place between the upper and the lower part of the main pipe, that is to say in particular above and below the transverse closure, which can also be referred to as a sealing collar.
  • a pump is used, as it is inexpensive and energy efficient and marketable, easy to control and easy to replace.
  • the pump is located completely in the opening.
  • the heat-utilizing member or the devices in the main pipe may, for example, be a plurality of pipes arranged in the main pipe.
  • these multiple tubes may be of the range the earth's surface in the main pipe, wherein inside the plurality of tubes, a heat transfer medium, preferably water and / or brine, circulates
  • the porous bed which surrounds the main tube at least partially, preferably completely, in order to fill the remaining cavity of the bore around the main tube, may for example consist of gravel, smaller or larger stones, rolls, for example also of defined balls.
  • the grain size of the bed may in this case preferably be in the range of 1 mm - for example in fine gravel or glass balls - up to the range of 20 mm in the range of coarse gravel.
  • the porous bed or the porous material system as known to those skilled in the art, consists of a solid phase-the particles-and the spaces (the cavity). Within the porous bed, there are continuous, accessible non-continuous and closed pores. Therefore, there are also flowable and non-permeable porous layers.
  • porous layers consist of the bed of sand, gravel or similar particles, such as. As ceramic or glass.
  • the porous layer is defined on the one hand by its porosity and its solids content.
  • the porosity of a corresponding bed is understood as a measure of the density of the bed with their cavities. It can therefore also be defined as relative density in comparison to a massive substance.
  • the total porosity of the bed is made up of the sum of the voids communicating with each other and with the environment and those unconnected voids.
  • the porosity of beds describes the volume of void fractions that can be occupied by moving, migratory media such as water and / or gas.
  • gravel has a total porosity of over 40%.
  • the term of the degree of leakage can be used.
  • the porous bed is interrupted at the height or in the region of the transverse closure within the main tube by a sealing material, which may be, for example, clay.
  • a sealing material which may be, for example, clay.
  • clay Mineralgromer a natural origin with a particle size or equivalent diameter of less than 20 microns, preferably less than 10 microns, more preferably less than 2 microns.
  • the clay may, above all, be clay minerals comprising silicon, oxygen, hydrogen or magnesium and aluminum. These may be, for example, silicates or the minerals goethite or gibbsite, which are not silicates.
  • siliceous calcium containing aluminum and iron can also be used as the sealing material for the transverse closure.
  • the filter section which ensures a continuous rate of groundwater flow from the periphery in the soil to the interior of the main pipe and must be adjusted in its hydraulic parameters of the permeability of the surrounding geological formation in the vertical and horizontal directions.
  • investigations of the loose rock on the basis of drilling samples are required and a vote with the breakthrough openings in the main pipe.
  • the naturalbruchsöffhungen are preferably with a widening outward, for example in wedge-shaped configuration of the webs between the openings, so that a clogging (so-called Kolmation) is avoided and at maximum opening only low flow obstruction for minimal energy consumption of the circulation pump and a good Access for high-pressure jet cleaning or maintenance procedure is given This minimizes the occurrence of eddies and turbulence that would cause premature well aging.
  • the bulk material to be used represents an elastic storage of the well extensions, which gives protection eg in the case of earthquakes and minor landslides and enables an optimal hydraulic connection.
  • a porous filling, bulk material with smooth, possibly polished, surfaces of the bulk material is capable of effecting high throughput with minimal buildup, so that upon initial "development” of the well, a continuous distribution of coarse grains along the borehole wall to fine sand in the periphery Bulk material should be sufficiently mechanically and chemically stable, as well as have high dimensional accuracy of the diameter, so that large natural choir openings are made possible in the main pipe.
  • the flow-triggering device is a pump.
  • a pump Preferably low-speed centrifugal well pumps are used with wet-rotor underwater motor in permanent magnet technology and the well-gentle soft start over frequency conversion.
  • the pump With the help of the pump, a flow of water from the lower part of the geological formation is transported through the lower part of the main pipe in the upper and then injected back into the groundwater horizon.
  • the pump In addition to the negligible pipe resistances, the pump must overcome the hydraulic resistance in the groundwater flowing through.
  • this is a shaft around which one or more helical windings are preferred in the form of flat sheets, rubber cloths or other selected plastics or metals or ceramics.
  • the shaft is set in a pipe or a half pipe.
  • the screw conveyors can be designed as rigid or flexible, flexible screws. With flexible screws, the shaft is also flexible.
  • the stabilizing effect of the rigid wave is achieved by profiles which are incorporated in the spiral.
  • the device according to the invention for triggering, supporting, initiating and / or maintaining a flow is a pump
  • these are used as fluid energy machines in which the energy inherent in the fluid water is increased by the application of mechanical work.
  • the pressure of the water is increased or it is given kinetic energy, preferably for the purpose of a change of location.
  • agitators or converted compressors or blowers also belong to the pumps.
  • the pumps can be designed in particular as positive displacement pumps or flow pumps.
  • the pumps are jet pumps, such as water jet pumps or mammoth pumps, bubble pumps, rams or horsehead pumps.
  • the pumps used are displacement pumps, these may be, for example, diaphragm pumps, rotary piston pumps, eccentric screw pumps, impeller pumps, piston pumps, peristaltic pumps, screw pumps, sine pumps or toothed belt pumps.
  • the pumps are flow pumps, these may preferably be axial pumps, diagonal pumps and / or radial pumps.
  • the heat-utilizing member or the heat-using device is at least one tube or a part thereof or a thermodynamic one Element for transmission or absorption of heat energy or for power generation. If the heat-using device or the heat-using device is a pipe, it may be advantageous if the tubes, which include a heat carrier, are designed coaxially.
  • corrugated corrugated stainless steel corrugations in 2540 mm caliber are generally particularly advantageous.
  • probes can be installed with a direct evaporating refrigerant or thermoelectric components suitable for conversion to electric power and installed in the groundwater flow or are part of the main pipe.
  • the heat transfer medium which are preferably present in the tubes, for example, water or brine.
  • the use of brine has the advantage that at temperatures of less than 0 degrees Celsius ice formation can be prevented.
  • the brine in the sense of the invention may for example consist of a saline solution, but for reasons of the risk of corrosion also of a solution comprising glycols.
  • the device in particular by the pump, transmits and / or suppresss flow. half of the transverse closure triggered. It was particularly surprising to what extent the efficiency of the plant for using earthworms can be improved if a laterally directed flow is initiated above and below the transverse closure. This procedure ensures that the induced circulation of groundwater through the main pipe allows optimum utilization of the existing heat of groundwater from a large area.
  • the groundwater flows around the heat exchanger tubes / probes arranged in the main pipe.
  • the probes are preferably arranged below the groundwater level and there is an exchange of thematic energy between in particular promoted groundwater and the heat transfer medium in the probes.
  • the tubes are arranged with the heat carrier above or substantially above the transverse closure of the main pipe.
  • the arrangement above the transverse closure surprisingly allows a particularly good circulation of the groundwater in the device according to the invention.
  • the groundwater can flow in particularly efficiently via the passage openings below the transverse closure if the tubes are arranged with the heat carrier above the transverse closure or at least substantially above the transverse closure.
  • This surprising improvement of the circulation of the groundwater through the main pipe means that the plant according to the invention is surprisingly particularly less susceptible to interference and particularly efficient with respect to the plants of the prior art. Smaller tube caliber and bore diameter can be used, the stability of the hole increases, it creates less spoil / cuttings the hole can be drilled faster resulting in time and financial benefits
  • the tubes are designed coaxially with the varnishträgem.
  • the tubes in which the heat transfer medium circulates are also referred to as probes or heat exchanger tubes. These can be communicating tubes or coaxially configured tubes.
  • the probes are preferably arranged in a circle along the inner wall of the main pipe.
  • coaxial Design of the tubes or tubes allows a good absorption and transmission of geothermal energy through the device according to the invention. It was surprising that coaxially configured tubes lead to an improvement of the device according to the invention in connection with the abovementioned combinations of the technical features according to the main claim.
  • the coaxial design of the tubes or of the tubes leads to a particularly efficient system, in particular if the tubes with the heat carrier are arranged in a circle along the inner wall of the main tube.
  • the coaxial design leads to a particularly space-saving design and the circular arrangement along the inner wall of the main pipe leads to a maximum contact of the waters with the pipes, thus allowing optimum flow.
  • the tubes are formed with heat transfer medium as plates with suitable cavities for the circulation of the water. It is preferred that such plates have, for example, honeycomb-shaped cavities through which a heat transfer medium can flow.
  • a modular design of the probes is provided in which the use of pipes and plates can be combined. This may be according to the invention in particular plate heat exchanger.
  • the plate heat exchangers are plate heat exchangers. They may for example consist of wavy profiled plates which are assembled so that in each case in the successive interspaces once a mér Anlagenndes and then a heat-emitting medium flows.
  • the plate pack formed by the plates in the form of the plate heat exchanger is sealed to the outside and between the media.
  • plate heat exchangers are very easily expandable and very flexible in the design of the flow guide.
  • the sealing material which separates the porous bed is clay or cement or other compact materials which can advantageously be purchased inexpensively or which can be radioactively or magnetically or otherwise marked are.
  • Clay and clay minerals can be treated synonymously within the meaning of the invention.
  • Clay is within the meaning of the invention, a main soil type of fine soil.
  • Examples of clay minerals according to the invention are materials comprising kaolinite, chrysotile, illite, chlorite, montmorillonite, beidellite, nontronite, saponite or others.
  • the clay minerals are very soft, they react plastically to mechanical stress and when heated can transform into harder and stronger materials, such as ceramics.
  • the clay minerals have a large specific surface area, which causes substances to be adsorbed and desorbed.
  • clay minerals or clay have a low water permeability and can be used surprisingly well as a sealing material.
  • different types of cement are also very suitable for sealing. By grinding different additives such as granulated slag, pozzolan, fly ash and / or limestone, the cements with different chemical and physical properties, in particular with regard to their sealing properties, can be produced.
  • Clay or cement are surprisingly well to hydraulically separate the porous bed, in particular clay pellets can be easily introduced as bulk material and swell within several hours to a homogeneous permanently plastic mass without the risk to enforce adjacent porous bed and thus hydraulically seal.
  • thermoelectric elements are a component of two different metals joined together at one end.
  • the thermoelectric elements are particularly suitable for generating electrical energy, wherein a temperature difference is applied to them.
  • various thermoelectric elements are described, such as. B. Peltier elements.
  • the Peltier elements are electrothermal transducers that can generate a current flow at a temperature difference. These thermoelectric elements may preferably be installed in the groundwater flow or be part of the main pipe.
  • the heat exchangers are preferably arranged in the flow on the way between the transverse closure and the injection route, e.g. in the ascending flow in the main pipe or z.
  • the main pipe is preferably double-barreled above the transverse closure, e.g. in the form of a coaxial tube by insertion of an additional riser around which the heat exchanger tubes are then placed in the downward flow, but preferably always below the groundwater level.
  • a refrigerant is used as the heat carrier, which circulates in the tubes, preferably ammonia or carbon dioxide.
  • a refrigerant is preferably a fluid that can be used for heat transfer and that absorbs heat at low temperature and / or low pressure and releases heat at a higher temperature and / or higher pressure, wherein usually state changes of the fluid take place.
  • hydrocarbons can also be used, for example carbon-hydrogen, fluorine-carbon-hydrogen, fluorine-chlorine-carbon-hydrogen, hydrogen-fluorine-carbon-hydrogen and / or hydrogen-fluorine-chlorine-carbon-hydrogen.
  • Other preferred inorganic compounds besides ammonia are helium, neon, nitrogen, argon, sulfur dioxide or sulfur hexafluoride.
  • Preferred refrigerants having one carbon atom are, for example, tetrachloromethane, trichlorofluoromethane, tetrafluoromethane, trichloromethane, dichloromethane, chloromethane or methane.
  • Preferred coolants with two carbon atoms are, for example, hexachloroethane, pentafluoroethane, trichloroethene or ethene.
  • Preferred three-carbon refrigerants are, for example, propane, propene or heptachlorofluoropropane.
  • N-butane, N-pentane, neo-pentane or diethyl ether or ethylamine can be used as a refrigerant in the context of the invention.
  • combinations of all mentioned refrigerants are also well used.
  • the circulation of the heat transfer medium for example of water or brine, but also of the refrigerant by a pump is at least partially supported.
  • the pump is able to induce a circulation in the pipes.
  • heat exchangers for example plate heat exchangers, are used instead of the tubes, the heat carriers are passed through them analogously or through them.
  • the refrigerant used as the heat carrier evaporates at low pressure and e.g.
  • the main pipe is preferably made of PVC, steel, in particular stainless steel, or a combination thereof.
  • the heat exchangers for example, in particular the heat exchanger tubes, may in turn consist in particular of steel, preferably stainless steel, polyethylene or copper or of a combination of these elements.
  • PVC polyethylene
  • other thermoplastics in particular an amorphous thermoplastic.
  • polyethylene other polyolefins can be used.
  • the invention also relates to the use of the system according to the invention, in particular the groundwater circulation according to the invention, for the production of geothermal heat, but also for the removal of heat and in addition to decontamination of groundwater or for the production of electricity.
  • the extraction of geothermal heat with the dissipation of heat through the system of the invention can be very well combined, so that such a system can be used in maps ambient temperatures, for example, in winter for heating or heating of buildings and at high ambient temperatures - for example in midsummer - can be used for cooling buildings.
  • no constructive changes to the system are required between the individual types of use.
  • the groundwater temperature can also be used for cooling, so that the system is very well suited to use thermal energy for the removal of heat by direct heat dissipation from circulating in cooling surfaces heat transfer medium or as a chiller for compression air conditioning.
  • the extracted groundwater can not only be used to utilize geothermal heat, but in an advantageous embodiment it can also be provided that the pumped groundwater can be used to cool and thus synergistically realize seasonal heat storage and thus to increase the potential annual heating and cooling work significantly and in the long term.
  • the system can also be easily used to generate electricity when, for example, thermoelectric components of the device according to the invention are installed or can be promoted from depths with temperatures greater than 10fJ 0 C for turbine operation. It was particularly surprising that the system according to the invention is also suitable for decontaminating groundwater.
  • the plant of the invention can also be used as a well or be increased by partial discharge of the circulating groundwater in their performance.
  • the systems according to the invention can initially also be used for monitoring the groundwater. If, as a result of this monitoring or monitoring activity or monitoring, contents in the inflowing groundwater are determined which indicate an impurity, not only the determination of the spread of the contamination but also decontamination by outflow of the contaminated water can be carried out.
  • a hydraulic remediation process in which the removal and infiltration preferably takes place in the same hole.
  • the systems for the actual decontamination can be installed underground or overground, in particular the stripping process.
  • Another aspect of the invention relates to the use of the device according to the invention for the conveyance of groundwater.
  • the invention also relates to the use of a device for utilizing geothermal heat and / or for decontamination of groundwater and / or for the production of electricity and / or for the extraction of groundwater, wherein the plant comprises a main pipe in a well of a well, wherein the at least one, preferably a plurality of passage openings to the environment having main tube is divided by a transverse closure into an upper and a lower part and the transverse closure has an opening in which a device or the part of a device is arranged, which triggers and / or supports a flow and at least one heat-utilizing device is arranged in the main tube and the main tube is at least partially, preferably completely surrounded by a porous bed which surrounds at least a part, preferably the entire remaining cavity of the bore around the main tube, wherein in the region of the transverse closure within the Hauptroh Res the porous bed is hydraulically interrupted by a sealing material, wherein the at least one, preferably the plurality of passage openings are formed as a
  • FIG. 2 Schematic sectional drawing through a system with heat exchanger in the upper and lower part.
  • FIGS. 1, 2 and 3 show a schematic sectional view through a basic water circulation well according to the invention with a heat exchanger in the upper part of the main pipe (20).
  • a bore (10) in the soil (5) is arranged and the bore (10) terminates at the earth's surface (6).
  • the main pipe (20) is preferably arranged centrally. This is surrounded by a porous bed (11).
  • the main pipe (20) has preferably at half the height of the groundwater leading loose rock on a transverse closure (21), which has an opening in the middle, in which a pump (22) is arranged.
  • an upper and a lower inner space (24, 25) of the main pipe (20) are formed in the main pipe (20).
  • the main pipe has in its upper and lower part füreriesöffhungen (23), which allow the inflow of groundwater into the main pipe and the outflow of the pumped through the pump water.
  • the pump (22) preferably conveys the water in the direction of the earth's surface (6). In FIGS. 1 and 2, the direction of flow of the water is shown by arrows.
  • a sealing material (12) is placed in the surrounding porous bed (11) around the main pipe so as to separate the porous bed (11) into upper and lower parts both are hydraulically separated.
  • Height of the transverse closure means that in the region of the transverse closure, the porous bed is hydraulically interrupted, wherein the interruption causing material may have an identical, similar, smaller or greater height or thickness as the transverse closure itself.
  • tubes with heat carrier (30) are arranged in the interior (24, 25) of the main pipe (20)
  • the tubes are arranged with heat carrier (30) only in the upper interior (24) of the main tube (20), as shown in Figure 1.
  • the tubes are guided with heat carrier (30) through the transverse closure (21) of the main tube (20) into the lower interior (25) of the main tube, as shown in FIG.
  • the invention is not limited to the embodiments shown in the figures.
  • the U-shaped tubes with heat carrier (30) can also be designed as plates with cavities for flow through the heat carrier, the cavities are preferably configured honeycomb.

Abstract

L'invention concerne une installation d'exploitation géothermique comportant une conduite principale (20) disposée dans l'ouverture (10) d'un puits, dotée de plusieurs orifices de passage (23) vers l'extérieur et divisée en une partie supérieure et en une partie inférieure par une fermeture transversale (21) qui comporte une ouverture dans laquelle est logé un dispositif ou une partie de dispositif (22) qui déclenche un écoulement et/ou y contribue. Dans la conduite principale (20) est disposé au moins un dispositif d'exploitation de chaleur (30) et, au moins dans la zone des orifices de passage (23), la conduite principale (20) est de préférence entièrement entourée d'un matériau poreux en vrac (11) qui comble au moins une partie de la cavité restante de l'ouverture (10) autour de la conduite principale (20). Au niveau de la fermeture transversale (21) à l'intérieur de la conduite principale (20), le matériau poreux (11) est remplacé par un matériau d'étanchéité (12) qui crée ainsi une séparation hydraulique. L'invention porte également sur l'utilisation de cette installation pour l'apport ou l'évacuation de chaleur, la décontamination d'eaux souterraines et/ou la production de courant.
EP08802661A 2007-09-28 2008-09-22 Puits de nappe phréatique Ceased EP2198208A1 (fr)

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PCT/EP2008/008210 WO2009043548A1 (fr) 2007-09-28 2008-09-22 Puits de nappe phréatique

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IT1402940B1 (it) * 2010-11-18 2013-09-27 Bellinello Sonda geotermica a circuito chiuso
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ITTV20120217A1 (it) * 2012-11-14 2014-05-15 Paolo Sivieri Sonda geotermica e relativo metodo di funzionamento
JP6138475B2 (ja) * 2012-11-20 2017-05-31 ゼネラルヒートポンプ工業株式会社 地中熱交換器
ES1078916Y (es) * 2013-02-05 2013-06-28 Gregorio Jose Salido Sonda geotermica de intercambio térmico mediante movimiento de agua
ITBA20130032A1 (it) * 2013-04-29 2014-10-30 Nicola Pastore Sonda geotermica a piastre circolari
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CN104328821B (zh) * 2014-10-23 2016-03-16 山东省水利科学研究院 一种井下电控抽水回灌两用装置
JP6262688B2 (ja) * 2015-05-11 2018-01-17 株式会社 日東 熱交換システム
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US8434554B2 (en) 2013-05-07

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