EP2192019A1 - Electromagnetic rail brake device with multi-part solenoid - Google Patents

Abstract

The device has a brake magnet (2) e.g. fixed magnet, with a magnetic coil element (8) that supports a magnetic coil (9). A horseshoe-shaped magnetic core (6) has a yoke (28) and bearers (42a, 42b). The coil vertically engages the yoke with an upper cover (30) and a lower cover (32). A cross-section of the coil in the upper cover exhibits a smaller height (h) and a wider breath (b) than a cross-section in the lower cover. The height of the cross-section of the coil is measured parallel and the width of the cross-section is measured transversally to a vertical central axis (38) of the magnet.

Description

State of the art

The invention relates to a magnetic rail brake device of a rail vehicle comprising at least one brake magnet with a magnetic coil body carrying at least one solenoid coil and at least one magnetic core, at its ends pointing to a vehicle rail pole pieces are formed, at least two, in the longitudinal direction of the brake magnet parallel to each other and in a plane When viewed perpendicularly to the longitudinal direction, magnet coil bodies arranged side by side are provided, each with separate magnet coils, according to the preamble of patent claim 1.

Such a magnetic rail brake device is for example from the FR 1 003 173 A known. The force-generating main component of an electric magnetic rail brake is the brake magnet. It is, in principle, an electromagnet consisting of a magnet coil extending in the rail direction and carried by a magnet coil body and a horseshoe-like magnetic core forming the base or carrier body. The horseshoe-shaped magnetic core forms pole shoes on its side facing the vehicle rail. The DC current flowing in the solenoid causes a magnetic voltage which generates in the magnetic core a magnetic flux which shorts across the rail head as soon as the brake magnet rests with its pole pieces on the rail. This results in a magnetic attraction between brake magnet and rail. Due to the kinetic energy of the moving rail vehicle, the magnetic rail brake is pulled over drivers along the rail. This results from the sliding friction between the brake magnet and rail in conjunction with the magnetic attraction a braking force. Due to the frictional contact with the rail caused at the pole pieces of the brake magnet frictional wear, which must not exceed a maximum amount of wear, otherwise the Magnetic coil body is damaged.

In the known brake magnet, two magnetic coils are present, embrace the yoke of the magnetic core, each with a top pull and each with a beam vertically.

In principle, two different types of magnets can be distinguished according to the structural design.

In a first embodiment, the brake magnet is a rigid magnet, to which two magnetic pole shoes are bolted, which are separated by a non-magnetic strip in the longitudinal direction. This serves to avoid a magnetic short circuit within the brake magnet. The pole pieces are formed on the vehicle rail facing end surfaces of the side walls. Rigid magnets are mostly used in local traffic in trams and light rail vehicles.

Furthermore, link magnets are known in which the magnetic coil body has no steel core, but only partitions. In the chambers between the partitions magnet members are kept limited movable, which align themselves during the braking operation to better track bumps on the rail head can. In this case, the pole pieces are formed on the end faces of the magnet members facing the rail. Link magnets are used as standard in the full-track area.

Regarding the embodiments of magnetic rail brakes, the publication " Fundamentals of Brake Technology ", pages 92 to 97 of Knorr-Bremse AG, Munich, 2002 directed.

The magnitude of the braking force of a magnetic rail brake is dependent inter alia on the magnetic resistance of the magnetic circuit, ie the geometry and permeability, the magnetic flux, the coefficient of friction between the brake magnet and the rail and the rail condition. A major factor in this case is the magnetic losses, which are largely dependent on the geometric design of the magnetic cross section depend. Against the background of an increasingly limited space in the chassis of rail vehicles, especially in the vertical direction, a low overall height is still required.

Object of the invention

The object of the invention is therefore to develop a magnetic rail brake device of the type mentioned in such a way that it has a lower overall height with high magnetic force.

Disclosure of the invention

In the following, a coil is to be understood to mean the coil winding consisting of the turns of the winding wires, as they are wound onto the magnet coil body. This wound on the magnet coil body coil or coil has in a plane perpendicular to the longitudinal extent of the brake magnet (parallel to the rail) seen a certain cross-section, which in addition to the number of turns, the winding density and the wire diameter and the geometry of the magnet coil body, i. depends on the space provided for the coil winding space. Here, a distinction is made between a top pull of the magnetic coil, which is located with respect to the rail above a yoke and a beam, which is arranged below the yoke.

Under the longitudinal direction of the brake magnet, the extension of the rigid magnet or the link magnets should be understood to be parallel to the vehicle rail.

There are at least two, seen in the longitudinal direction of the brake magnet parallel to each other and seen in a plane perpendicular to the longitudinal direction side by side arranged magnetic coil body, each with separate magnetic coils. Due to the juxtaposition of the magnetic coils, the magnetic power is distributed in width, so that with the same magnetic force a lower height can be achieved.

According to the invention, converge or diverge in a plane perpendicular to the longitudinal direction of the brake magnet seen the central axes of the at least two magnetic coil body to the vehicle rail out. The then assumed skew of the magnet coil body in relation to the vertical center axis of the brake magnet then requires a particularly compact design. Overall, due to the lower height of the brake magnet lower losses occur in the magnetic circuit, a lower power consumption and a lower mass.

The measures listed in the dependent claims advantageous refinements and improvements of claim 1 invention are possible.

A preferred realization of the invention provides that, seen in a plane perpendicular to the longitudinal direction of the brake magnet, the center axes of the at least two magnet coil bodies are arranged symmetrically with respect to a vertical center axis of the brake magnet at an acute or obtuse angle.

Preferably, the cross section of at least one of the plurality of magnetic coils in the upper train to a lower height and a greater width than the cross section in the beam, in which case the height of the cross section of the respective magnetic coil in parallel and the width of the cross section of the magnetic coil measured transversely to the respective central axis of the respective magnetic coil body becomes. In the area of the upper coil of the magnetic coil, a wider version of the cross section than the prior art is not disturbing. In contrast, then decreases for a given number of turns of the solenoid coil, the height of the cross section in the region of the upper, which compared to the prior art advantageously leads to a reduction in the height of the brake magnet in contrast, the same magnetic force. In contrast, a greater height of the cross-section of the magnet coil may be permitted in the area of the substructure without causing disadvantages in terms of the height of the brake magnet, because there the cheeks or the pole shoes of the magnet core can not be arbitrarily shortened due to a required minimum wear height. Instead of a relative high-build brake magnets to achieve a given braking force can now build even lower.

Furthermore, the brake magnet may be a link magnet, with at least one magnetic coil body on which a plurality of magnetic magnetic members are movably held, or else a rigid magnet.

drawings

Fig.1

eine perspektivische Darstellung einer Magnetschienenbremse gemäß des Stands der Technik ;

Fig.2

eine Seitenansicht eines als Gliedermagnet ausgebildeten Bremsmagneten von Fig.1;

Fig.3

eine Querschnittsdarstellung eines Magnetglieds eines Gliedermagneten gemäß einer bevorzugten Ausführungsform der Erfindung;

Fig.4

eine Querschnittsdarstellung eines Starrmagneten gemäß einer bevorzugten Ausführungsform der Erfindung;

Fig.5

eine Querschnittsdarstellung eines Starrmagneten ;

Fig.6

eine Querschnittsdarstellung eines Magnetglieds eines Gliedermagneten.

The invention will be illustrated by way of example with reference to the drawing. In the drawing shows

Fig.1

a perspective view of a magnetic rail brake according to the prior art;

Fig.2

a side view of a designed as a link magnet brake magnet of Fig.1 ;

Figure 3

a cross-sectional view of a magnetic member of a link magnet according to a preferred embodiment of the invention;

Figure 4

a cross-sectional view of a rigid magnet according to a preferred embodiment of the invention;

Figure 5

a cross-sectional view of a rigid magnet;

Figure 6

a cross-sectional view of a magnetic member of a link magnet.

Description of the embodiments

In the following description of the embodiments, identical or equivalent components and assemblies are identified by the same reference numerals.

In order to be able to better adapt to unevenness of a rail 1, is in an in Fig.1 and Fig.2 shown brake magnet 2 of a magnetic rail brake 4 of the prior art instead of a single Rigid magnets, a plurality of magnetic members 6 are present, which are held on a movable in the longitudinal direction of the rail 1 extending magnetic coil body 8 limited. This is preferably achieved by virtue of the fact that the magnetic members 6 are suspended tiltably or pivotably suspended symmetrically with respect to a vertical center plane at the side faces of the magnet coil body 8 facing away from one another in chambers formed between partition walls 10. The transmission of the braking forces on the magnetic coil body 8 is then via the partitions 10 and end pieces 14, 15 which are rigidly connected to the magnetic coil body 8 and give the brake magnet 2 via switches and rail joints a good guide. The magnet coil body 8, which includes a non-visible from the outside magnetic coil 9, thus carries the magnetic members 6, which form a magnetic core of the brake magnet 2.

In order to supply the magnetic coil 9 with electrical voltage, there is a connection device 26 having at least two electrical connections 22, 24 for the positive or negative pole of a voltage source, which are approximately centered, for example, in the upper region of a side surface of the magnet coil body 8, relative to its longitudinal extension is arranged. The electrical connections 22, 24 preferably point away from one another and extend in the longitudinal direction of the magnet coil body 8.

The foregoing description of the prior art is for the purpose of explaining the basic structure of a magnetic rail brake 4. In contrast to Fig.1 and Fig.2 , which show a magnetic rail brake 4 with only one magnetic coil body 8 and only one magnetic coil 9, is in Figure 3 a cross section of a brake magnet 2 shown as a link magnet, in which at least two seen in the longitudinal direction of the brake magnet 2 parallel to each other and in a plane perpendicular to the longitudinal direction seen side by side arranged magnetic coil body 8a, 8b are provided with separate magnetic coils 9a, 9b. The magnet coils 9a, 9b wound on the magnet coil bodies 8a, 8b can be connected separately, connected in series or in parallel to one another, ie, the one Magnet coil body 8a associated with solenoid coil 9a relative to the other magnetic coil body 8b associated magnetic coil 9b separated, can be connected in series or in parallel.

In the in Figure 3 dargstellten cross-sectional plane perpendicular to the longitudinal direction of the brake magnet 2 or in the rail longitudinal direction, the central axes 34, 36 of the two magnetic coil body 8a, 8b are arranged with respect to a vertical center axis 38 of the brake magnet 2 at an acute angle α and converge to the rail 1, ie downwards , Furthermore, the two magnet coil body 8a, 8b are arranged symmetrically with respect to the vertical center axis 38 of the brake magnet 2.

Alternatively, the central axes 34, 36 of the two magnetic coil bobbins 8a, 8b could also be arranged at an obtuse angle with respect to the vertical central axis 38 or diverge towards the rail 1. The coil windings 9a, 9b, which in Figure 3 not explicitly but represented by their reference numerals, consisting of the turns of the winding wires, the magnetic coil bodies 8a, 8b wrap around in a direction parallel to the central axes 34, 36.

The magnetic core 6 is also symmetrical in the present case to the vertical center axis 38 of the brake magnet 2 and multi-part, here preferably in two parts, wherein a magnetic core half 6a, 6b each have an opening of the respective magnetic coil body 8a, 8b protruding leg 40a, 40b, wherein the legs 40a, 40b abut one another in a plane containing the vertical central axis 38. To the legs 40a, 40b of the magnetic core halves 6a, 6b close to the rail 1 towards mutually parallel cheeks 42a, 42b, at the ends pointing to the rail 1 pole pieces 16a, 16b (north or south pole) of the brake magnet 2 are formed. Between the pole pieces 16a, 16b and a rail head 18 of the rail 1 is then as in the prior art, an air gap 20 is present ( Fig.1 ). The pole shoes 16a, 16b are preferably made of a friction material, for example of steel, ductile iron or sintered materials and are preferably as separate components with the cheeks 42a, 42b solvable connected. In a space between the left and right pole piece 16a, 16b (magnetic north or south pole) may be arranged a space filling non-magnetic, wear-resistant, shock-resistant and temperature-resistant intermediate strip 21.

Relative to the longitudinal extension of the brake magnet, the magnetic core halves 6a, 6b of each link magnet 6 are then held movably in a frame formed by the preferably interconnected magnet coil body 8a, 8b in order to be able to adapt to the unevenness of the rail 1.

Figure 4 In contrast, shows the cross section of a rigid magnet 2 as a brake magnet, wherein the magnetic core 6 is preferably also formed in two parts and consists of two rigidly interconnected magnetic core halves 6a, 6b. The magnet coil body 8 is not a separate component here, but rather is formed by surfaces 8a, 8b of the magnet core 6, more precisely by surfaces of the magnet core halves 6a, 6b, onto which the turns of the wire windings of the two magnet coils 9a, 9b are preferably wound directly. Otherwise, the description of the preceding embodiment applies to the position and geometry of the magnet coils 9a, 9b and the magnet coil body 8a, 8b.

Figure 5 shows the cross section of a rigid magnet 2, in which the preferably one-piece magnetic core 6 is formed horseshoe-shaped and a yoke 28 and projecting therefrom, mutually parallel cheeks 42a, 42b includes, at their ends pointing to the rail 1, the pole pieces 16a, 16b (north - or south pole) of the brake magnet 2 are formed. Between the pole pieces 16a, 16b and the rail head 18 of the rail 1, the air gap 20 is then present (see Fig.1 ). The pole shoes 16a, 16b are preferably made of a friction material, for example made of steel, ductile iron or sintered materials, as in the preceding embodiment. As in the previous embodiments, in a space between the left and right pole pieces 16a, 16b (north magnetic pole and south pole, respectively), one may also have the space filling non-magnetic, wear-resistant, shock-resistant and temperature-resistant intermediate strip 21 may be arranged.

The magnetic coil 9 surrounds the yoke 28 with a top 30 and with a arranged between the cheeks 42a, 42b beam 32 vertically. In this case, the cross section of the magnetic coil 9 in the top 30 a smaller height h and a greater width b than the cross section in the beam 32, wherein the height h of the cross section of the magnetic coil 9 parallel and the width b of the cross section of the magnetic coil 9 transverse to a vertical Central axis 38 of the brake magnet 2 is measured.

To realize, for example, the number of superimposed layers of coil wire windings of the magnetic coil 9 in the region of the upper 30 is smaller than in the region of the beam 32. In particular, the cross section of the magnetic coil 9 in the top 30 is substantially rectangular with the longer side perpendicular to the vertical center axis 38th of the brake magnet 2 and in the beam 32 is formed substantially square. The cross-sectional areas of the magnetic coil 9 in the top 30 and the lower beam 32 are preferably substantially the same size.

According to another, in Figure 6 shown embodiment, even with a link magnet 2, the principle of the asymmetric coil 9 according to Figure 5 be realized. In this case, the magnetic coil body 8 is formed accordingly.

An asymmetrical design of the coil 9, i. a different width b and height h of the coil 9 in the upper 30 and the lower beam 32 is also obtained when the yoke 28 seen in a direction away from the rail 1 direction convex, that is rounded upwards or curved shape. Because then the width b in the top 32 is automatically greater than the width b in the beam 32nd

According to a further, not shown embodiment, the embodiments according to Fig. 3 respectively. Figure 4 with the embodiment according to Figure 5 respectively. Figure 6 be combined by the cross section of at least one of the magnetic coils 9a, 9b of Figure 3 respectively. Figure 4 in the upper 30 a lower height h and a greater width b than the cross section in the beam 32, in which case the height h of the cross section of the respective magnetic coil 9a, 9b parallel and the width b of the cross section of the magnetic coil 9a, 9b transversely to the respective central axis 34, 36 of the respective Magnetic coil body 8a, 8b is measured.

LIST OF REFERENCE NUMBERS

1

rail

2

brake magnet

4

Magnetic brake

6

magnetic members

8th

Magnet coil bobbin / magnetic circuit

9

solenoid

10

partitions

12

screw

14

tail

15

tail

16

pole pieces

18

railhead

20

air gap

21

intermediate strip

22

elec. connection

24

elec. connection

26

connecting device

28

yoke

30

top pull

32

Beam

34

central axis

36

central axis

38

central axis

40

leg

42

Wangen

Claims (7)

Magnetic rail braking device of a rail vehicle comprising at least one brake magnet (2) with a magnet coil body (8a, 8b) carrying at least one magnet coil (9a, 9b) and at least one magnet core (6a, 6b), at whose ends pointing to a vehicle rail (1) pole shoes ( 16a, 16b) are formed, wherein at least two (in the longitudinal direction of the brake magnet 2), viewed parallel to each other and, viewed in a plane perpendicular to the longitudinal direction of juxtaposed solenoid body (8a, 8b) are provided, each having separate solenoids (9a, 9b), characterized characterized in that seen in a plane perpendicular to the longitudinal direction of the brake magnet (2) seen the central axes (34, 36) of the at least two magnetic coil body (8a, 8b) converge towards the vehicle rail (1) or diverge. Magnetic rail brake device according to claim 1, characterized in that viewed in a plane perpendicular to the longitudinal direction of the brake magnet (2), the central axes (34, 36) of the at least two magnet coil bodies (8a, 8b) with respect to a vertical center axis (38) of the brake magnet (2 ) are arranged at an acute or obtuse angle (α). Magnetic rail brake device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that seen in a plane perpendicular to the longitudinal direction of the brake magnet (2), the at least two magnetic coil body (8a, 8b) with respect to the vertical center axis (38) of the brake magnet (2) are arranged symmetrically. Magnetic rail brake device according to at least one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the magnetic coil bodies (8a, 8b) associated with magnetic coils (9a, 9b) are energized separately or connected in series or parallel to each other. Magnetic rail brake device according to at least one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the cross section of at least one of the magnetic coils (9a, 9b) in the upper strip (30) has a smaller height (h) and a greater width (b) than the cross section in the lower strip (32). , wherein the height (h) of the cross section of the magnetic coil (9a, 9b) is measured in parallel and the width (b) of the cross section of the magnetic coil (9a, 9b) transverse to the central axis (34, 36) of the respective magnetic coil body (8a, 8b) , Magnetic rail brake device according to at least one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the brake magnet (2) is a link magnet having at least one magnet coil body (8a, 8b) on which a plurality of magnetic magnet members (6a, 6b) are movably supported. Magnetic rail brake device according to at least one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the brake magnet (2) is a rigid magnet.

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