EP2189996B1 - Ausschaltvorrichtung für Zweirichtungsgleichstrom und photovoltaische Zellenanordnung mit einer solchen Vorrichtung - Google Patents

Ausschaltvorrichtung für Zweirichtungsgleichstrom und photovoltaische Zellenanordnung mit einer solchen Vorrichtung Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2189996B1
EP2189996B1 EP09354041A EP09354041A EP2189996B1 EP 2189996 B1 EP2189996 B1 EP 2189996B1 EP 09354041 A EP09354041 A EP 09354041A EP 09354041 A EP09354041 A EP 09354041A EP 2189996 B1 EP2189996 B1 EP 2189996B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
terminal
module
arc
incomer
separable contacts
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EP09354041A
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English (en)
French (fr)
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EP2189996A1 (de
Inventor
Eric Domejean
Serge Paggi
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Schneider Electric Industries SAS
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Schneider Electric Industries SAS
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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H9/00—Details of switching devices, not covered by groups H01H1/00 - H01H7/00
    • H01H9/30—Means for extinguishing or preventing arc between current-carrying parts
    • H01H9/44—Means for extinguishing or preventing arc between current-carrying parts using blow-out magnet
    • H01H9/443—Means for extinguishing or preventing arc between current-carrying parts using blow-out magnet using permanent magnets
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H71/00—Details of the protective switches or relays covered by groups H01H73/00 - H01H83/00
    • H01H71/10—Operating or release mechanisms
    • H01H71/1045—Multiple circuits-breaker, e.g. for the purpose of dividing current or potential drop
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H9/00—Details of switching devices, not covered by groups H01H1/00 - H01H7/00
    • H01H9/30—Means for extinguishing or preventing arc between current-carrying parts
    • H01H9/40—Multiple main contacts for the purpose of dividing the current through, or potential drop along, the arc
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H9/00—Details of switching devices, not covered by groups H01H1/00 - H01H7/00
    • H01H9/30—Means for extinguishing or preventing arc between current-carrying parts
    • H01H9/302—Means for extinguishing or preventing arc between current-carrying parts wherein arc-extinguishing gas is evolved from stationary parts

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the field of cut-off devices in particular for cutting bidirectional DC currents, in particular continuous currents of low intensity, that is to say having an intensity ranging from 0.5 to 150 amperes.
  • the invention also relates to a photovoltaic cell installation equipped with such a cut-off device.
  • the US patent US5004874 discloses a switching device for connection to a power line in which bidirectional direct current flows, said device comprising two pairs of separable contacts including, for each pair, a fixed contact and a movable contact, the movable contacts being integrally mounted on the same conductive support to form a single contact bridge.
  • This switching device further comprises two arc extinguishing chambers and two connection terminals electrically connected to the fixed contacts. This switching device makes it possible to open the contact bridge by evacuating an electric arc formed between one or other of the pairs of separable contacts towards the interrupting chamber associated with said pair of contacts, and this depending on the direction of the contact. current flow in the power line.
  • the switching device described in this patent does not include triggering means for opening the contact bridge in the event of an electrical fault.
  • a disadvantage of this switching device is that it allows only one connection on a single power line and does not allow to easily adapt and optimize the number of breaking chambers depending on the voltage across the terminals. said device.
  • Another disadvantage of this switching device is that it is bulky.
  • the predetermined flow direction of the current is different for one half of the breaking chambers.
  • the arc extinction chamber of each interrupting chamber is formed by a stack of deionization plates.
  • each module is housed in a housing comprising two parallel main faces, said modules being contiguous to each other by their main faces.
  • each pair of separable contacts comprises a movable contact displaceable along an axis substantially parallel to the main faces.
  • the movable contacts of each pair of separable contacts are all arranged on the same side of said device.
  • the breaking device is dedicated to breaking on a single electrical line, the connection terminals comprising a first start terminal and a first arrival terminal intended to be connected in series to said power line.
  • the cut-off device comprises at least two modules, the first start terminal is the start terminal of a first module and the first arrival terminal is the arrival terminal of a second module, the terminal of arrival of the first module being connected to the starting terminal of the second module.
  • the first start terminal and the first arrival terminal are arranged on the same side, and in that the permanent magnets of the breaking chambers in the first and second modules have identical polarities to generate magnetic fields oriented in the same meaning.
  • the breaking device comprises four modules, the arrival terminal of the first module being connected to the starting terminal of a third module, the arrival terminal of said third module being connected to the starting terminal of a fourth module. module, the arrival terminal of said fourth module being connected to the starting terminal of the second module.
  • the breaking device is dedicated to breaking on two power lines, and the connection terminals comprise a first start terminal and a first arrival terminal intended to be connected in series to one of the two terminals. said lines, as well as a second start terminal and a second arrival terminal intended to be connected in series on the other of said lines.
  • the device comprises only two modules, the first start terminal and the first arrival terminal being the start and end terminals of a first module, the second start terminal and the second arrival terminal being the starting and ending terminals of a second module.
  • the device comprises four modules by combining two switching devices dedicated to breaking on a single electrical line, the first starting terminal and the first arrival terminal of one of said devices corresponding to the second starting terminal and the first terminal respectively. second terminal of arrival.
  • the modules are indissociable.
  • the invention also relates to a photovoltaic cell installation comprising at least one panel on which said cells are arranged, said panel being connected to two electrical lines intended to supply electrical energy in the form of direct current, the installation being characterized in that it comprises at least one breaking device as described above comprising at least two connection terminals connected to said at least one electrical line.
  • the cut-off device 1 is connected in series with an electrical line 3 which is connected by connection terminals E1 and S1.
  • the cut-off device 1 comprises two poles qualified as first module 5 and second module 7, because of the substantially identical dimensions of their respective housings. These modules are joined to each other inseparably by one of their main faces 9.
  • Each module 5, 7 comprises a pair of separable contacts 11, 12, a breaking chamber 14, 15, and a triggering mechanism.
  • Each module 5, 7 further comprises a start terminal 21, 23 and an input terminal 22, 24, said terminals being electrically connected to one and the other of said separable contacts.
  • the starting terminal 21 of the first module 5 and the arrival terminal 24 of the second module 7 correspond to the connection terminals referenced respectively E1 and S1.
  • each module 5, 7 is interconnected by a mechanical connection 29, which makes it possible to simultaneously open all the pairs 11, 12 of separable contacts as a result of the appearance of An electrical fault on the electrical line 3.
  • the trigger mechanism of each module generally comprises thermal tripping means 31 and magnetic tripping means 32.
  • each module 5, 7 of the cut-off device may comprise a controller 33 , 34 to open or close manually separable contacts. Generally these levers are connected together by a bar 35 for opening or closing simultaneously all pairs 11, 12 of separable contacts. In this way, the breaking device 1 has a circuit breaker function and a switch function.
  • each breaking chamber 14, 15 and each triggering mechanism 27, 28 of the same module 5, 7 is associated with the pair 11, 12 of separable contacts of this module.
  • the pairs of separable contacts are disconnected, that is to say that there is no direct mechanical connection between the contacts of each of said pairs.
  • the mechanical links 29, 35 between the trigger mechanisms 27, 28 and between the handles 33, 34 can not constitute a direct mechanical connection and secured between the contacts of different pairs of separable contacts.
  • the contacts of different pairs of separable contacts are not integral with an intermediate part such as, for example, a bridge of contacts.
  • the breaking chamber 14, 15 of each module 5, 7 comprises an arc forming chamber 41, 42, and an arc extinguishing chamber 43, 44 most often formed by a stack of deionization plates 46
  • the breaking chamber 14, 15 of each module 5, 7 further comprises permanent magnets 47, 48.
  • the permanent magnets 47, 48 of each breaking chamber 14, 15 have a polarity allowing the evacuation of the electric arc to the arc extinguishing chamber 43, 44 of said interrupting chamber, when the current of the line electrical 3 flows in a predetermined direction.
  • This predetermined direction of circulation of the current is specific to the breaking chamber considered.
  • this predetermined direction of current flow can vary from one interrupting chamber to another.
  • This predetermined direction of circulation of the current is determined, on the one hand by the polarity of the permanent magnets of the breaking chamber considered, and on the other hand by the connections of the starting and finishing terminals of the module enclosing said breaking chamber considered.
  • the magnetic field generated by the permanent magnets, on the one hand, and the electric current in the electric arc formed between the separable contacts during the opening of said contacts, on the other hand makes it possible to generate forces which will push the electric arc in one direction or the other.
  • This direction of evacuation of the arc depends essentially on the direction of the current in the electric arc and the polarity of the permanent magnets.
  • the electric arc is discharged into the arc extinguishing chamber or outside of this extinguishing chamber. function of the direction of the current in the electric arc, ie according to the direction of flow of the current in the electric line 3.
  • the cut-off device comprises a predetermined even number Np of cut-off chambers and the predetermined direction of circulation of the current is different for a part, in this case half, of said breaking chambers.
  • Np the predetermined even number
  • the breaking chambers evacuate the electric arcs in their respective arc extinguishing chambers
  • a second half of the breaking chambers evacuate the arcs. electric out of their respective arc extinguishing chambers.
  • the opening of the two pairs of separable contacts makes it possible to generate two electric arcs 51, 52.
  • the electric arc 51 in the breaking chamber 14 is discharged outside the arc extinction chamber 43 of this interrupting chamber , while the electric arc 52 in the interrupting chamber 15 is discharged into the arc extinction chamber 44. This would be the opposite if the current in the power line 3 was reversed.
  • the breaking chamber 15 of the second module 7 and the breaking chamber 14 of the first module 5, as well as their respective electric arcs 51, 52, are also diagrammatically shown in another longitudinal plane on respectively the figure 3 and the figure 4 .
  • first start terminal and the first arrival terminal could be arranged on two opposite sides, in which case the permanent magnets of the breaking chambers in the first and second modules should have opposite polarities. to generate magnetic fields oriented in an opposite direction.
  • the breaking chambers 14, 15 used in the cut-off device 1 have an architecture that is generally specific to the unidirectional DC cut-off, and it is the combination of an even number of these breaking chambers which makes it possible to cut off currents. bidirectional continuous. This specific architecture of the breaking chambers is described later with reference to figures 5 and 6 .
  • the association of these breaking chambers has been made possible, partly because of their good intrinsic performance, particularly in terms of the rate of growth of the voltage of the electric arc discharged to the arc extinguishing chamber. In this way, the electric arc 52 of the interrupting chamber 15, which is discharged into the arc extinguishing chamber 44, takes up most of the voltage relative to the electric arc 51 of the breaking chamber. 14, which is evacuated outside the extinction chamber 43.
  • the breaking chambers of the cut-off devices generally have a specific architecture for breaking unidirectional continuous currents.
  • the breaking chamber shown on the figures 5 and 6 is particularly suitable for the cut-off device according to the invention
  • each of these breaking chambers contains a pair of separable contacts having a movable contact 101 and a fixed contact 102.
  • the arc forming chamber 111 of the breaking chamber 104 is delimited by a first cheek 112 and a second cheek 113. , said cheeks being substantially parallel to the main faces 9.
  • One of the starting or arrival terminals of the module comprising the breaking chamber 104 is, in turn, electrically connected to the fixed contact 102 and extends to form an electrode or horn d arc 114 which extends in the upper part of the arc formation chamber.
  • the other terminal of the module comprising the breaking chamber 104 is electrically connected to the movable contact 101 and is connected to another electrode or horn 110 which extends in the lower part of the arc-forming chamber.
  • the electrodes or horns 114 and 115 are arranged to capture an electric arc pulled between the contacts 101 and 102 during their separation. The electric arc formed between the two contacts is thus captured by the electrodes to be transported and discharged to the arc extinguishing chamber 121 of the interrupting chamber, insofar as the current in the electrical line is in the direction predetermined.
  • the separable contacts 101 and 102 as well as the electrode 114 have been shown in dashed line, because they are concealed in particular by the second cheek 113.
  • the distance between the movable contact 101 and the electrode 115 in the lower part of the arc forming chamber is generally between 4 and 8 millimeters. This distance provides good performance for breaking high currents.
  • the arc extinguishing chamber 121 is formed by a stack of deionization plates 122 which are generally metal plates.
  • the deionization plates have a leading edge through which the electric arc enters the extinguishing chamber.
  • the leading edge of the deionization plates generally comprises a central recess 123.
  • the arc forming chamber 111 has a reinforced induction section 131 in which the arc is propelled toward the arc extinguishing chamber 121 by the magnetic field generated by a first portion of the permanent magnets.
  • the magnetic field, on a longitudinal axis 110 of the Arc-forming chamber, generated by the first part of the permanent magnets in the reinforced induction section is larger than that generated by the other part of the permanent magnets in the rest of the arc-forming chamber.
  • This configuration makes it possible to better propel the electric arc and make it leave separable contacts.
  • the switching of the foot of the electric arc between the movable contact and the electrode 115 is mainly achieved by means of the first part of the permanent magnets in the reinforced induction section of the arc-forming chamber.
  • the displacement of the electric arc is represented by points at different times.
  • the electric arc is represented by the points 141 and 142.
  • the first part of the permanent magnets comprises not only a first magnetized fraction 132, but also a second magnetized fraction 133.
  • the magnetized fractions 132 and 133 are disposed behind each of the cheeks 112 and 113.
  • magnetized fraction of the first part of the permanent magnets is meant a fraction defined with respect to said first part of the permanent magnets, that is to say with respect to the part of the permanent magnets in the reinforced induction section.
  • the presence of the second magnetized fraction 133 of the first part of the permanent magnets generates a magnetic field which is added to that generated by the first magnetized fraction 132. This makes it possible to significantly increase the magnetic force induced by the first part of the permanent magnets. on the electric arc.
  • the second magnetized portion 133 of the first portion of the permanent magnets allows switching of the foot of the electric arc between the movable contact 101 and the electrode 115, and the departure and evacuation of said electric arc to the chamber 'extinction.
  • the effect of the distance D between the moving contact 101 and the electrode 115 is therefore compensated by the presence of the second magnetized fraction 133.
  • the first and second magnetized portions 132 and 133 of the first portion of the permanent magnets generate magnetic fields of substantially equal intensity.
  • the magnetic force for propelling the electric arc towards the extinguishing chamber 121 has been doubled, which makes it possible to propel the electric arc more rapidly towards the extinguishing chamber.
  • the first and second magnetized portions 132 and 133 of the first portion of the permanent magnets are arranged symmetrically with respect to the longitudinal axis 110 of the arc-forming chamber. This makes it possible to further improve the properties described above, ie to propel the electric arc more efficiently towards the extinguishing chamber.
  • the arc forming chamber 111 has a deflection section 151 in which the electric arc is deflected with respect to a longitudinal axis 110 of the arc formation chamber to the first cheek 112 by the magnetic field generated by a second part of the permanent magnets, the magnetic field generated by the second part of the permanent magnets being substantially lower than that generated by the first part of the permanent magnets. Since the magnetic field on the longitudinal axis 110 generated by the second part of the permanent magnets is smaller than that of the first part of the permanent magnets and unsymmetrical with respect to said longitudinal axis, the electric arc is deviated from its trajectory . Thus, the deflection component of the electric arc is mainly obtained by means of the second part of the permanent magnets in the deflection section 151.
  • the entire second portion 152 of the permanent magnets is disposed behind the first cheek 112.
  • only a fraction of the second portion of the permanent magnets may be disposed behind the first cheek, so that the magnetic field generated by said fraction is greater than that generated by the remaining fraction of the second part of the permanent magnets, the latter being disposed behind the second cheek 113.
  • magnetized fraction of the second part of the permanent magnets is meant a defined fraction relative to the part of the permanent magnets in the deflection section.
  • points 161, 162, 163, 164 and 165 represent the positions of the electric arc in the deflection section at different times. These points are close to the first cheek 112 because the second portion 152 of the permanent magnets deflects the electric arc. In this way, the electric arc approaches the first cheek 112 while keeping a force magnetic along the longitudinal axis 110 sufficient to not stick to it and to fail at its touch.
  • the leading edge of the deionization plates is equipped with a central recess 123 and two side portions 171 and 172 facing the deflection section 151 of the arc forming chamber.
  • the electric arc when the current in the power line is in the predetermined direction, is directed in the deflection section to the side portion 171.
  • the The electric arc may extinguish on the side portion 171 of the leading edge of the extinguishing chamber 121 due to the low energy to be dissipated.
  • the distance between the second portion 152 of the permanent magnets and the lateral portion 171 of the deionization plates is advantageously less than 1 millimeter. This distance is sufficiently small to prevent this electric arc from going out in the arc forming chamber.
  • the flanges 112 and 113 delimiting the arc forming chamber are generally formed of an electrically insulating material.
  • the cheeks may be formed of an electrically insulating material that does not erode easily, such as ceramic, for example soapstone.
  • the cheeks may be formed of an electrically insulating gas-forming material, for example gas-forming nylon.
  • the first cheek 112 is made of ceramic material
  • the second cheek 13 is a gaseous organic material. The gas play makes it possible to increase the pressure in the area of the contacts and thus promotes the departure of the electric arc from the contact zone to the extinguishing chamber.
  • the interrupting chamber comprises a first and a second permanent magnet disposed respectively behind each of the cheeks 112 and 113.
  • the magnet disposed behind the first cheek 112 extends over the two reinforced induction and deflection sections of the chamber. arc formation and the magnet disposed behind the second cheek 113 extends only on the induction section strengthened.
  • the first part of the permanent magnets of the reinforced induction section essentially consists of the first magnet, ie the magnetized fraction 132, and the fraction of the second magnet in the reinforced induction section, that is, the magnetized fraction 133.
  • the second part of the permanent magnets of the deflection section essentially consists of the fraction of the second magnet in the deflection section, ie the magnetic fraction 152 .
  • the interrupting chamber could comprise two permanent magnets disposed behind the first cheek respectively in the reinforced induction section and in the deflection section, the magnet in the reinforced induction section generating a magnetic field of substantially greater intensity than the one in the deviation section.
  • the interrupting chamber could also include three permanent magnets, a first and a second magnet being disposed behind the first cheek respectively in the reinforced induction section and in the deflection section, and a third magnet being disposed behind the second cheek in the reinforced induction section.
  • the breaking chambers represented on the figures 5 and 6 By integrating in the breaking device according to the invention the breaking chambers represented on the figures 5 and 6 , the performance in terms of increasing the arc voltage in the arc-breaking chamber evacuating the arc in its arc extinguishing chamber is improved. This makes it possible to minimize the arc voltage in the other interrupting chamber in which the electric arc is discharged outside the arc extinction chamber.
  • the embodiment of the cutoff device shown in FIG. figure 1 is suitable for mounting with two power lines, one of which is connected to the earth. In this type of installation, simply connect the cut-off device in series to the line that is not connected to earth.
  • connection terminals comprise a first starting terminal E1 and a first ending terminal S1 intended to be connected in series on the line 201, as well as a second starting terminal E2 and a second ending terminal S2 intended for
  • the cut-off device 200 comprises only two modules 205, 206, the first starting terminal E1 and the first ending terminal S1 being the starting and ending terminals of a first module. 205, the second start terminal E2 and the second arrival terminal S2 being the start and end terminals of a second module 206.
  • the cutoff device 210 is dedicated to breaking on two power lines 211, 212 and comprises four modules 215, 216, 217, 218.
  • the cutoff device 210 combines a first and a second cutoff device of the type of cutoff. the one represented at figure 7 , the first device comprising the modules 215 and 217, and the second device comprising the modules 216 and 218.
  • the cut-off device 230 is dedicated to breaking on a single power line 231 and comprises four modules.
  • the connection terminals comprise a first start terminal E1 and a first arrival terminal S1 intended to be connected in series to said power line 231.
  • the cutoff device 230 comprises a first, second, third and fourth module referenced respectively 233, 234, 235, 236.
  • the first start terminal E1 is the start terminal of the first module 233 and the first arrival terminal S1 is the arrival terminal of a second module 234, the arrival terminal the first module being indirectly connected to the starting terminal of the second module.
  • the arrival terminal 241 of the first module 233 is connected to the starting terminal 242 of the third module 235, the arrival terminal 243 of said third module being connected to the starting terminal 244 of the fourth module 236, the terminal arrival 245 of said fourth module being connected to the starting terminal 246 of the second module.
  • these installations 301, 302 are generally composed of several panels 311, 312, 313 incorporating photovoltaic cells often connected in series and which generate a direct current. These panels are generally connected in parallel to the input of an inverter 321 which makes it possible to convert the direct current into alternating current, which will itself be redistributed to a main network.
  • Installations of this type generally have a high voltage level, for example up to 1000 volts, and short-circuit currents generally equal to about 1.25 times the nominal current value of the installation.
  • the lines of this type of installation generally have a time constant, that is to say a ratio of the inductance on the resistance, which is often less than 2 milliseconds. In installations where the number of panels in parallel is greater than or equal to 3, it is often necessary to interpose on the lines of each panel cut-off devices adapted to cut DC currents at high voltages.
  • cut-off devices must also be able to cut the current in both directions of operation. Indeed, in a first case, for maintenance reasons, the cutting of a panel is sometimes necessary. In a second case, these cut-off devices can be used to protect the panels in case of malfunction. For example, in case of shading, a panel can behave like a receiver and cause the flow of an inverted current.
  • each panel is connected to the inverter 321 by electrical lines 331, 332, the lines 332 being connected to the earth.
  • a bipolar cutoff device 335 having two modules and two separable contacts, such as that shown in FIG. figure 1 .
  • each panel is connected to the inverter 321 by power lines 341, 342, forming an isolated network.
  • a bipolar cutoff device 345 having two modules and two separable contacts, such as that shown in FIG. figure 7 .
  • An advantage of the breaking device according to the present invention is that it allows the implementation of breaking chambers that have already been developed for cutting a monodirectional direct current.

Landscapes

  • Arc-Extinguishing Devices That Are Switches (AREA)
  • Photovoltaic Devices (AREA)
  • Charge And Discharge Circuits For Batteries Or The Like (AREA)
  • Ignition Installations For Internal Combustion Engines (AREA)

Claims (15)

  1. Abschaltvorrichtung (1; 200 ; 210; 230), insbesondere zur Abschaltung eines Gleichstroms in mindestens einer elektrischen Leitung (3; 201, 202; 211; 212; 231) unabhängig von der Richtung des die genannte Leitung durchfließenden Stroms, welche Abschaltvorrichtung:
    - mindestens zwei Anschlussklemmen (EI, S1, E2, S2),
    - eine bestimmte, gerade Anzahl (Np) von trennbaren Kontaktpaaren (11, 12) mit jeweils zwei Kontakten, die elektrisch mit den genannten Anschlussklemmen verbunden sind,
    - sowie eine mit der genannten geraden Anzahl (Np) übereinstimmende Anzahl von Schaltkammern (14, 15) umfasst, wobei jede Schaltkammer einem anderen trennbaren Kontaktpaar zugeordnet ist, jede Schaltkammer eine Lichtbogenbildungskammer (41, 42), eine Lichtbogenlöschkammer (43, 44) sowie Dauermagneten (47, 48) umfasst, deren Polarität die Ableitung eines Lichtbogens in Richtung der genannten Lichtbogenlöschkammer erlaubt, wenn der Strom in der mindestens einen elektrischen Leitung in einer bestimmten Richtung fließt, welche bestimmte Richtung des Stromflusses in einem Teil der Schaltkammern anders ist,
    dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die genannte Vorrichtung eine mit der genannten geraden Anzahl (Np) übereinstimmende Anzahl von Auslösemechanismen (27, 28) umfasst, wobei jeder Auslösemechanismus einem der genannten trennbaren Kontaktpaare zugeordnet ist, um die trennbaren Kontakte dieses Kontaktpaares zu trennen, wenn in der mindestens einen elektrischen Leitung ein Fehler auftritt, und die genannten Auslösemechanismen über eine mechanische Verbindung (29) miteinander verbunden sind, die ein gleichzeitiges Öffnen der genannten trennbaren Kontaktpaare erlaubt.
  2. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die bestimmte Flussrichtung des Stroms in der Hälfte der Schaltkammern anders ist.
  3. Vorrichtung nach irgendeinem der Ansprüche 1 oder 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die genannte Vorrichtung modular aufgebaut ist und eine Anzahl von Modulen (5, 7) umfasst, die der genannten bestimmten, geraden Anzahl (Np) entspricht, wobei jedes Modul
    - eines der genannten trennbaren Kontaktpaare (11, 12),
    - die dem genannten trennbaren Kontaktpaar zugeordnete Schaltkammer (14, 15),
    - den dem genannten trennbaren Kontaktpaar zugeordneten Auslösemechanismus (27, 28) sowie
    - eine Ausgangsklemme (21, 23) und eine Eingangsklemme (22, 24) umfasst, die jeweils mit einem der genannten trennbaren Kontakte elektrisch verbunden sind.
  4. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass jedes Modul (5, 7) in einem Gehäuse mit zwei parallel zueinander verlaufenden Hauptseiten (9) angeordnet ist und die genannten Module mit ihren Hauptseiten aneinandergebaut sind.
  5. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass jedes trennbare Kontaktpaar (101, 102) einen beweglichen Kontakt (101) umfasst, der in einer annähernd parallel zu den Hauptseiten (9) verlaufenden Ebene verschwenkt werden kann.
  6. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die beweglichen Kontakte (101) jedes trennbaren Kontaktpaars (101, 102) alle auf der gleichen Seite der genannten Vorrichtung angeordnet sind.
  7. Vorrichtung nach irgendeinem der Ansprüche 5 oder 6, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Lichtbogenbildungskammer (41, 42) jeder Schaltkammer durch eine erste und eine zweite, parallel zu den Hauptseiten (9) der Module (5, 7) verlaufende Wange (12, 13) begrenzt wird und die Dauermagneten (47, 48) der genannten Schaltkammer hinter mindestens der ersten Wange (12) angeordnet sind und eine Polarität aufweisen, durch die ein annähernd senkrecht zu den genannten Hauptseiten gerichtetes Magnetfeld erzeugt werden kann.
  8. Vorrichtung nach irgendeinem der Ansprüche 3 bis 7, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die genannte Vorrichtung (1; 230) zur Abschaltung des Stroms in einer einzelnen elektrischen Leitung (3; 231) bestimmt ist, wobei die Anschlussklemmen eine erste Ausgangsklemme (EI) und eine erste Eingangsklemme (S1) umfassen, die dazu dienen, in Reihe zur genannten elektrischen Leitung geschaltet zu werden.
  9. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 8, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die genannte Vorrichtung mindestens zwei Module (5, 7; 233, 234) umfasst, wobei die erste Ausgangsklemme (EI) der Ausgangsklemme eines ersten Moduls (5; 233) entspricht, die erste Eingangsklemme (S1) der Eingangsklemme eines zweiten Moduls (7; 234) entspricht und die Eingangsklemme des ersten Moduls an die Ausgangklemme des zweiten Moduls angeschlossen ist.
  10. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 9, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die erste Ausgangsklemme (E1) und die erste Eingangsklemme (S1) auf der gleichen Seite angeordnet sind und dass die Dauermagnete der Schaltkammern im ersten (5, 233) und im zweiten Modul (7; 234) die gleiche Polarität aufweisen, um gleichgerichtete Magnetfelder zu erzeugen.
  11. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 8, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die genannte Vorrichtung vier Module (233-234) umfasst, wobei die Eingangsklemme (241) des ersten Moduls (233) an die Ausgangklemme (242) eines dritten Moduls (235), die Eingangsklemme (243) des genannten dritten Moduls an die Ausgangsklemme (244) eines vierten Moduls (236) und die Eingangsklemme (245) des genannten vierten Moduls an die Ausgangsklemme (246) des zweiten Moduls (234) angeschlossen ist.
  12. Vorrichtung nach irgendeinem der Ansprüche 3 bis 7, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die genannte Vorrichtung (200; 210) zur Abschaltung des Stroms in zwei elektrischen Leitungen (201, 202; 211, 212) bestimmt ist und dass die Anschlussklemmen eine erste Ausgangsklemme (EI) und eine erste Eingangsklemme (S1) umfassen, die dazu dienen, in Reihe zu einer der genannten elektrischen Leitungen (201, 211) geschaltet zu werden, sowie eine zweite Ausgangsklemme (E2) und eine zweite Eingangsklemme (S2) umfassen, die dazu dienen, in Reihe zu der anderen der genannten elektrischen Leitungen (201, 202) geschaltet zu werden.
  13. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 12, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die genannte Vorrichtung (200) nur zwei Module (205, 206) umfasst, wobei die erste Ausgangsklemme (EI) und die erste Eingangsklemme (S1) der Ausgangsklemme und der Eingangsklemme eines ersten Moduls (205) und die zweite Ausgangsklemme (E2) sowie die zweite Eingangsklemme (S2) der Ausgangklemme und Eingangsklemme eines zweiten Moduls (206) entsprechen.
  14. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 12, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass sie vier durch Kombination zweier Vorrichtungen nach irgendeinem der Ansprüche 1 bis 9 hergestellte Module umfasst, wobei die erste Ausgangsklemme (E1) und die erste Eingangsklemme (S1) einer der genannten Vorrichtungen jeweils der zweiten Ausgangsklemme (E2) bzw. der zweiten Eingangsklemme (S2) entsprechen.
  15. Fotozellen-Installation (301; 302) mit mindestens einer Schalttafel (311, 312, 313), in der die genannten Fotozellen angeordnet sind und die an zwei elektrische Leitungen (331, 332; 341, 342) angeschlossen ist, welche dazu dienen, elektrische Energie in Form eines Gleichstroms zu liefern, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die genannte Installation mindestens eine Abschaltvorrichtung (335, 345) nach irgendeinem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche mit mindestens zwei Anschlussklemmen umfasst, die an die genannte, mindestens eine elektrische Leitung angeschlossen sind.
EP09354041A 2008-11-21 2009-10-19 Ausschaltvorrichtung für Zweirichtungsgleichstrom und photovoltaische Zellenanordnung mit einer solchen Vorrichtung Active EP2189996B1 (de)

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FR0806541A FR2938969A1 (fr) 2008-11-21 2008-11-21 Dispositif de coupure pour couper un courant continu bidirectionnel et installation a cellules photovoltaiques equipee d'un tel dispositif

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DE602009001084D1 (de) 2011-05-26
CN101740274B (zh) 2014-06-25
RU2009143071A (ru) 2011-05-27
DK2189996T3 (da) 2011-06-27
FR2938969A1 (fr) 2010-05-28
EP2189996A1 (de) 2010-05-26
ATE505802T1 (de) 2011-04-15
RU2510673C2 (ru) 2014-04-10
BRPI0904572B1 (pt) 2020-08-25
CN101740274A (zh) 2010-06-16
US20100126966A1 (en) 2010-05-27
US8742278B2 (en) 2014-06-03
ES2360922T3 (es) 2011-06-10
BRPI0904572A2 (pt) 2011-02-08

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