EP2183576A1 - Verfahren und vorrichtung zur erkennung von strukturen in einer faserstoffbahn oder in einem faserstoffsuspensionsstrahl - Google Patents
Verfahren und vorrichtung zur erkennung von strukturen in einer faserstoffbahn oder in einem faserstoffsuspensionsstrahlInfo
- Publication number
- EP2183576A1 EP2183576A1 EP08760837A EP08760837A EP2183576A1 EP 2183576 A1 EP2183576 A1 EP 2183576A1 EP 08760837 A EP08760837 A EP 08760837A EP 08760837 A EP08760837 A EP 08760837A EP 2183576 A1 EP2183576 A1 EP 2183576A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- structures
- digital image
- elongated strip
- spectral analysis
- pulp suspension
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
Links
Classifications
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
- D21G—CALENDERS; ACCESSORIES FOR PAPER-MAKING MACHINES
- D21G9/00—Other accessories for paper-making machines
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
- D21F—PAPER-MAKING MACHINES; METHODS OF PRODUCING PAPER THEREON
- D21F7/00—Other details of machines for making continuous webs of paper
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
- G01N21/84—Systems specially adapted for particular applications
- G01N21/88—Investigating the presence of flaws or contamination
- G01N21/89—Investigating the presence of flaws or contamination in moving material, e.g. running paper or textiles
- G01N21/8901—Optical details; Scanning details
- G01N21/8903—Optical details; Scanning details using a multiple detector array
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N33/00—Investigating or analysing materials by specific methods not covered by groups G01N1/00 - G01N31/00
- G01N33/34—Paper
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06T—IMAGE DATA PROCESSING OR GENERATION, IN GENERAL
- G06T7/00—Image analysis
- G06T7/0002—Inspection of images, e.g. flaw detection
- G06T7/0004—Industrial image inspection
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06T—IMAGE DATA PROCESSING OR GENERATION, IN GENERAL
- G06T2207/00—Indexing scheme for image analysis or image enhancement
- G06T2207/20—Special algorithmic details
- G06T2207/20048—Transform domain processing
- G06T2207/20056—Discrete and fast Fourier transform, [DFT, FFT]
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06T—IMAGE DATA PROCESSING OR GENERATION, IN GENERAL
- G06T2207/00—Indexing scheme for image analysis or image enhancement
- G06T2207/30—Subject of image; Context of image processing
- G06T2207/30108—Industrial image inspection
- G06T2207/30124—Fabrics; Textile; Paper
Definitions
- the invention relates to a method and a device for detecting elongated strip-like structures in a fibrous web, in particular paper or board web and / or serving in a production of such fibrous web, supplied by a headbox pulp suspension jet. It further relates to a method and a device according to the preamble of claim 18 and 30, respectively.
- the uniformity of the leaf structure ie the formation
- the formation is characterized, for example, by an integral, i. average size, which is a measure of the variations in basis weight in the section under study.
- an integral i. average size
- power spectrum is used, which is subdivided to describe the formation depending on certain size classes accordingly.
- WO 99/67625 A1 describes a method and a device for determining the fiber orientation in a paper sample, in which the sample is exposed to light at different oblique angles of incidence, the intensity of the reflected light is measured and, on the basis of the measured light intensity and the instantaneous direction Lichtbeaufschlagung the fiber orientation is determined.
- the fiber orientation is measured both at the top and at the bottom of the paper web. The measurement can be done while the web is running.
- the visual impression of a leaf is often determined by elongated strip-like structures. However, such structures can not be recognized by a simple size class analysis.
- An object of the invention is therefore to provide a method and a device of the type mentioned, with which in particular elongated strip-like structures are reliably and quickly recognizable and with which these structures are particularly quantifiable.
- elongated strip-like structures are reliably and quickly recognizable and, in particular, also quantifiable. For example, it is also possible to detect strips in the machine direction or so-called “tiger stripes", strips in the transverse direction (“barring") or flat-position disturbances such as "cockling” or "fluting". In addition, other applications are conceivable, including, for example, the quantification of diagonal structures, which may originate, for example, from lamellar vibrations in the headbox. If the strip-like structure or the ellipse is detected automatically, there is the advantage that it also determines the orientation of the strip-like structure or ellipse and thus the main orientation angle of the strip-like structure in the fibrous web and / or the pulp suspension jet is known.
- the two-dimensional spectral analysis comprises the generation of a two-dimensional Fourier transformation and / or the generation of a two-dimensional power spectrum, in the center of which are the relatively long-wave low-frequency components and at the edge of which the relatively short-wave high-frequency components are located.
- the direction in question can be arbitrary.
- At least substantially frequencies which are located within an elongated strip-like region extending in the x-direction can be taken into account in the spectral analysis
- the variance of the elongated strip-like area considered in the spectral analysis is calculated in order to generate an absolute index representative of the elongate strip-like structures.
- the quotient of the variance of the elongated strip-like area considered in the spectral analysis and the total variance of the digital image can also be determined in order to generate a relative index which is representative of the elongate strip-like structures.
- the type and / or form of elongated strip-like structures to be determined or quantified is controlled by the type and / or shape, in particular the width and / or length of the oblong strip-like area to be considered in the spectral analysis.
- the length of the oblong strip-like area to be taken into account in the spectral analysis is expediently correspondingly reduced in order to determine or quantify relatively wider elongate strip-like structures.
- spectral analysis advantageously at least in the Considered essentially only the end portions of the elongated strip-like area.
- the selected frequencies are advantageously subjected to a back transformation.
- the result of the spectral analysis can be supplied for controlling and / or regulating the production and / or treatment of the fibrous web, in particular a process control system.
- the digital image is expediently generated by means of a camera in transmitted light, by means of a transmitted-light scanner, by means of a topography measuring device or from a beta-radiogram.
- a topography measuring device measures the surface structure using confocal microscopy or any type of laser triangulation.
- the digital image can be generated online or offline.
- the formation in the fibrous web can be determined via the determination and / or quantification of the elongated strip-like structures.
- a basis can therefore serve in particular the inclusion of the sheet.
- This can be done with a camera in transmitted light online or offline or by means of a transmitted light scanner or by means of a Topographiemess réelles or from a beta-radiogram.
- the recording in question may, if necessary or desired, still be subjected to preprocessing, which may include, for example, an illumination correction, an outbreak of the screen structure and / or the like. From the thus obtained digital image can then in particular a two-dimensional power spectrum or a two-dimensional Fourier transformation can be calculated.
- the conventional classical flake size distribution combines the portions of the spectrum which are within a certain wavelength range (e.g., fine cloudiness between 1 and 5 mm). In the power spectrum conventionally used, this is the area between two concentric circles.
- a narrow, elongated area such as e.g. a rectangle or an ellipse. For example, for strips in the x-direction, a rectangle around the y-axis and for strips in the y-direction a rectangle around the x-axis is considered.
- the calculation of the index can be done either absolutely by forming the variance of the selected sub-image or relatively by forming the quotient of the variance of the sub-image and the total variance.
- the width and length of the elongated strip-like area may be used to control the type, shape and / or the like of the strips which one wishes to recognize. For example, if one is only interested in relatively wider structures, then one reduces the length of the elongated strip-like area accordingly. If, on the other hand, one is only interested in the relatively narrower structures, one considers only the outer ends of the elongated strip-like region.
- the user can set the size and length of a particular strip by himself.
- the inventive device for detecting elongated strip-like structures in a fibrous web, in particular paper or board web, and / or in one of the production of such fibrous web serving, provided by a headbox pulp suspension jet is correspondingly characterized in that it comprises a receiving device for generating a digital Image of a respective section of the fibrous web to be examined, and means for subjecting the digital image to a two-dimensional spectral analysis, in which at least substantially only frequencies within itself are considered for the determination and / or quantification of the elongated strip-like structures an elongated strip-like area such as in particular a rectangle or an ellipse.
- the strip-like structure or the ellipse is detected automatically, there is the advantage that it also determines the orientation of the strip-like structure or ellipse and thus the main orientation angle of the strip-like structure in the fibrous web and / or the pulp suspension jet is known.
- the two-dimensional spectral analysis preferably again includes the generation of a two-dimensional Fourier transformation and / or the generation of a two-dimensional power spectrum, in the center of which are the relatively long-wave low-frequency components and at the edge of which the relatively short-wave high-frequency components are located.
- the structure of the pulp suspension jet after exiting the nozzle of the headbox has a significant influence on the structure of the finished paper. So far, the quality of the beam is evaluated manually, ie by observing the beam at the experimental headbox or from beam photographs. Such a rating is of course subjective and poorly reproducible. It is therefore a further object of the invention to be able to investigate the pulp suspension jet by means of photos on certain structures such as stripes, large flakes, etc. out.
- the result should be quantifiable so that, for example, the structures of different beams can be compared more objectively.
- a comparison with measured values should be possible, as obtained by the method according to the invention described above, as well as the previously described device according to the invention for detecting elongated strip-like structures in the fibrous web.
- this object is achieved with the features of the method according to claim 18.
- a method for the detection of structures in a particular the production of a fibrous web, in particular paper or board web serving, in particular supplied by a headbox pulp suspension jet specified which is characterized in that of a respective section to be examined of the pulp suspension jet by means of a receiving device a digital image is generated and the digital image for determining and / or quantifying regular structures such as in particular elongated strip-like structures of an image analysis, in particular to generate so-called features of the digital image, wherein the image analysis comprises one or more of the following types of analysis:
- the digital image is preferably first decomposed into its dominant constituents by means of a Fourier transformation.
- a Fourier transformation e.g., a Fourier transformation
- the digital image is expediently generated by means of a camera with low shutter speeds in transmitted or oblique light with reflection.
- the pulp suspension jet can then be quantified based on the generated features of the digital image.
- a single overall parameter can also be determined from a plurality of generated features of the digital image.
- the generated features of the digital image are compared with features of at least one comparison sample.
- the pulp suspension jet can then be evaluated, in particular with regard to certain defects.
- the generated features of the digital image of a respective section of the pulp suspension jet to be examined are preferably compared with the elongated strip-like structures in the fibrous web determined or quantified by the method according to any one of claims 1 to 17.
- the feature comparison may advantageously be based on data mining and preferably comprise one or more of the following comparison means: Support Vector Machines, Decision Trees, Self-Organizing Cards (SOMs), Regression Techniques.
- SOMs Self-Organizing Cards
- the digital image can be generated online or offline again.
- the relevant device according to the invention for the recognition of structures in a fibrous suspension jet is accordingly characterized in that it comprises a receiving device for generating a digital image of a respective section to be examined of the pulp suspension jet, and means for image-analyzing the digital image to determine and / or quantify regular structures such as elongated strip-like structures, in particular to generate so-called features of the digital image, the image analysis comprising one or more of the following types of analysis:
- means are again preferably provided to first divide the digital image into its dominant components by means of a Fourier transformation.
- images of the pulp suspension jet can be taken by means of a camera with low shutter speeds, which can be done in the transmitted light process or in the oblique light with reflection.
- these images can be evaluated with image analysis methods.
- the images can be assessed in particular according to the method according to claims 1 to 17 and the device according to claims 28 and 29.
- the photo can first be decomposed into its dominant components by means of a Fourier transformation. Thereafter, methods of image analysis can be applied to the image thus cleaned, including, for example, the present methods:
- features of the image are generated. Depending on your needs, these can be a few or several dozen.
- the "labein" of the masters can be done by a group of experts. However, the feature comparison can also be done by simply "looking up". Especially with more complex structures, the feature comparison can be based on data mining and preferably comprise one or more of the following comparison means: support vector machine,
- the pulp suspension jet can be examined by photos on certain structures such as stripes, large flakes or the like out, the result is quantifiable, so that the structures of different rays can be compared objectively.
- a comparison with the measured values which are obtained by the method according to the invention and the device according to the invention for the detection of elongate strip-like structures in the fibrous web is also possible in particular. For example, by comparing these measured values, it is possible to directly investigate how defects in the pulp suspension jet are reflected in the paper web.
- the invention is basically applicable in all areas in which comparable nozzles as the headbox are used and the beam is visible.
- FIG. 2 shows a schematic illustration of an exemplary embodiment in which a strip extending in the original image in the y-direction is to be recognized
- Fig. 3 is a schematic representation of an embodiment in which a strip extending in the original image in a first diagonal direction is to be recognized; 4 is a schematic representation of an embodiment in which relatively wider elongate structures are to be recognized;
- Fig. 5 is a schematic representation of an embodiment in which relatively narrower elongated structures are to be recognized
- FIG. 6 shows an exemplary original recording of the sheet as well as an exemplary representation of recognized narrow strips and an exemplary representation of recognized wider structures directly in the receptacle of the sheet;
- FIG. 7 shows a schematic illustration of an exemplary control and / or regulation of a paper machine using recognized structures in the fibrous web.
- Fig. 8 is a schematic representation of examples for the determination of
- Figures 1 to 5 show in a schematic representation different examples of the recognition of elongated strip-like structures, for example in a fibrous web, in particular paper or board web, and / or in one of the production of such a fibrous web serving, supplied by a headbox pulp suspension jet.
- a digital image 12 is generated from a respective section of the fibrous web or the pulp suspension jet to be examined by means of a recording device 10 (see also FIG. analysis, in which for the determination and / or quantification of elongate strip-like structures 14, at least substantially only frequencies are taken into account that are located within an elongated strip-like area 16, which may be, for example, a rectangle, an ellipse or the like ,
- the two-dimensional spectral analysis may include the generation of a two-dimensional Fourier transformation and / or the generation of a two-dimensional power spectrum, in the center of which the relatively long-wave low-frequency components and at the edge 20 of which the relatively short-wave high-frequency components are located.
- the elongated strip-like structures 14 are considered at least substantially only at frequencies which are within an elongated strip-like region 16 extending in a second perpendicular diagonal direction.
- the variance of the oblong stripe-like region 16 considered in the spectral analysis can be calculated.
- the type and / or shape of elongate strip-like structures 14 to be determined or quantized can be of the type and / or shape, such as, in particular, the width and / or length of the spectral analysis to be considered elongated strip-like area 16 are controlled.
- the length of the oblong stripe-like region 16 to be taken into account in the spectral analysis can be correspondingly reduced in order to determine or quantify relatively wider elongate strip-like structures 14.
- the selected frequencies are re-transformed.
- FIG. 6 a shows an exemplary original recording of a sheet or of the examined section of a fibrous web.
- Fig. 6b) shows an exemplary representation of recognized narrow strips and
- Fig. 6c) an exemplary representation of wider structures directly in the receptacle of the sheet.
- the user may set the size and location of the strip by himself.
- the strips in the power spectrum are automatically detected by the evaluation software used.
- FIG. 7 shows a schematic illustration of an exemplary control and / or regulation of a paper machine using inventively recognized structures in the fibrous web and / or the pulp suspension jet.
- a recording device 10 for example, a camera system may be provided, through which a digitized recording of the sheet or the examined section, i. the digital image 12 is generated.
- This digital image 12 can be generated online or offline, for example, in the laboratory.
- Means 22 such as, in particular, at least one evaluation computer and / or the like are provided in order to subject the digital image 12 to a two-dimensional spectral analysis, in which at least substantially only frequencies are taken into account for determining and / or quantifying the elongated strip-like structures 14 an elongated strip-like Area 16 (see also Figs. 1 to 6) as in particular a rectangle or an ellipse.
- the two-dimensional spectral analysis can comprise the generation of a two-dimensional Fourier transformation and / or the generation of a two-dimensional power spectrum, in whose center 18 the relatively long-wave low-frequency components and at the edge 20 of which the relatively short-wave high-frequency components are located (cf. also Figs. 1 to 5).
- the result of the spectral analysis can then be fed to a process control system 24 for controlling and / or regulating the production and / or treatment of the fibrous web. If appropriate, a corresponding intervention on the paper machine 26 can then take place via this process control system 24.
- FIG. 7 shows exemplary representations of striped structures and coarse-grained structures.
- an index for strips, flakes and / or the like can be calculated in particular via the means 22 comprising, for example, an evaluation computer.
- Fig. 8 shows a schematic representation of examples of a method for the detection of structures in a particular of the production of a fibrous web, in particular paper or board web serving, in particular supplied by a headbox pulp suspension jet.
- a digital image 28 is generated by a respective section to be examined of the pulp suspension jet by means of a recording device, which is used to determine and / or quantify regular structures such as For example, elongated strip-like structures are subjected to image analysis in order in particular to generate so-called features of the digital image 28.
- the image analysis may in particular comprise one or more of the following types of analysis:
- the digital image 28 can first be decomposed into its dominant constituents again by means of a Fourier transformation.
- the digital image 28 can be generated in particular by means of a camera with low shutter speeds in transmitted or oblique light with reflection.
- the pulp suspension jet can then be quantified based on the generated features of the digital image 28.
- a single overall parameter can also be determined.
- the generated features of the digital image 28 may be compared to features of at least one comparison sample. Based on the comparison results, the pulp suspension jet can then be evaluated, in particular with regard to certain defects.
- the generated features of the digital image 28 of a respective section of the pulp suspension jet to be examined may include the elongated strip-like structures 14 in the fibrous web, which were obtained by means of the method described for example with reference to FIGS. 1 to 7 for the determination or quantification of elongated strip-like structures 14 in the fibrous web.
- a respective feature comparison can be based in particular on a data mining and preferably comprise one or more of the following comparison means:
- the digital image 28 can be generated online or offline again.
- the invention is also applicable in all other areas in which comparable nozzles such as those of the Faserstoffauflaufs are used and the beam is visible.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Immunology (AREA)
- Pathology (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
- Biochemistry (AREA)
- Computer Vision & Pattern Recognition (AREA)
- Quality & Reliability (AREA)
- Textile Engineering (AREA)
- Theoretical Computer Science (AREA)
- Food Science & Technology (AREA)
- Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
- Length Measuring Devices By Optical Means (AREA)
- Paper (AREA)
- Investigating Materials By The Use Of Optical Means Adapted For Particular Applications (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE200710036432 DE102007036432A1 (de) | 2007-08-02 | 2007-08-02 | Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Erkennung von Strukturen in einer Faserstoffbahn oder in einem Faserstoffsuspensionsstrahl |
PCT/EP2008/057284 WO2009015934A1 (de) | 2007-08-02 | 2008-06-11 | Verfahren und vorrichtung zur erkennung von strukturen in einer faserstoffbahn oder in einem faserstoffsuspensionsstrahl |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP2183576A1 true EP2183576A1 (de) | 2010-05-12 |
Family
ID=39722577
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP08760837A Withdrawn EP2183576A1 (de) | 2007-08-02 | 2008-06-11 | Verfahren und vorrichtung zur erkennung von strukturen in einer faserstoffbahn oder in einem faserstoffsuspensionsstrahl |
Country Status (3)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP2183576A1 (de) |
DE (1) | DE102007036432A1 (de) |
WO (1) | WO2009015934A1 (de) |
Families Citing this family (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE102018200250A1 (de) * | 2018-01-10 | 2019-07-11 | Bundesdruckerei Gmbh | Qualitätsprüfung einer Ultraschallschweißverbindung |
Family Cites Families (9)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
TW251350B (de) * | 1993-10-26 | 1995-07-11 | Asahi Chemical Ind | |
FI108675B (fi) | 1998-06-23 | 2002-02-28 | Ambertec Oy | Menetelmä ja laite kuituorientaation määrittämiseen paperinäytteestä |
DE19930154A1 (de) * | 1999-06-30 | 2001-01-04 | Voith Paper Patent Gmbh | Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Bestimmung der Formation und/oder des Formationsindexes an einer laufenden Materialbahn |
US6553133B1 (en) * | 1999-09-22 | 2003-04-22 | U.T. Battelle, Llc | Four-dimensional characterization of a sheet-forming web |
SE0003904L (sv) * | 2000-05-05 | 2001-11-06 | Roger Tuomas | Sätt att mäta ytråhet |
PT102849B (pt) * | 2002-10-08 | 2005-02-28 | Soporcel Sociedade Portuguesa | Metodo e instalacao automatica de avaliacao optica do aspecto da superficie do papel |
US20050004956A1 (en) * | 2003-07-02 | 2005-01-06 | North Carolina State University | Optical method for evaluating surface and physical properties of structures made wholly or partially from fibers, films, polymers or a combination thereof |
DE102005039304A1 (de) * | 2005-08-19 | 2007-02-22 | Voith Patent Gmbh | Verfahren zur Regelung mindestens einer Eigenschaft einer Faserstoffbahn und dazugehöriges Blattbildungssystem |
US7545971B2 (en) * | 2005-08-22 | 2009-06-09 | Honeywell International Inc. | Method and apparatus for measuring the crepe of a moving sheet |
-
2007
- 2007-08-02 DE DE200710036432 patent/DE102007036432A1/de not_active Withdrawn
-
2008
- 2008-06-11 EP EP08760837A patent/EP2183576A1/de not_active Withdrawn
- 2008-06-11 WO PCT/EP2008/057284 patent/WO2009015934A1/de active Application Filing
Non-Patent Citations (1)
Title |
---|
See references of WO2009015934A1 * |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
WO2009015934A1 (de) | 2009-02-05 |
DE102007036432A1 (de) | 2009-02-05 |
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