EP2182183A1 - Mobile sealing body of a valve exposed to hot gasses - Google Patents

Mobile sealing body of a valve exposed to hot gasses Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2182183A1
EP2182183A1 EP09172918A EP09172918A EP2182183A1 EP 2182183 A1 EP2182183 A1 EP 2182183A1 EP 09172918 A EP09172918 A EP 09172918A EP 09172918 A EP09172918 A EP 09172918A EP 2182183 A1 EP2182183 A1 EP 2182183A1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
spraying
closure body
flame
valve
body according
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EP09172918A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP2182183B1 (en
Inventor
Dr. Christoph Beerens
Andreas Hoffmann
Christoph Luven
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Mahle International GmbH
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Mahle International GmbH
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01L—CYCLICALLY OPERATING VALVES FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES
    • F01L3/00—Lift-valve, i.e. cut-off apparatus with closure members having at least a component of their opening and closing motion perpendicular to the closing faces; Parts or accessories thereof
    • F01L3/02—Selecting particular materials for valve-members or valve-seats; Valve-members or valve-seats composed of two or more materials
    • F01L3/04—Coated valve members or valve-seats

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a movable, hot gases exposed closure body of a valve, in particular a gas exchange valve of an internal combustion engine according to the preamble of patent claim 1.
  • closure bodies of gas exchange valves of an internal combustion engine it is known to form the closure body at least in partial areas of the acted upon by the hot combustion gases surface of an inner, provided externally with an insulating material base material.
  • a generic closure body is for example from the DE 367 003 A1 in which a valve disk is covered by a layer of good heat-conducting metal.
  • the cross-section of the coating is thin in the middle of the valve disk, corresponding to a high heat gradient, and becomes thicker towards the edge, so that the heat to be dissipated can always be provided with a necessary flow cross-section.
  • the present invention is concerned with the problem of providing for a generic closure body, an improved or at least another embodiment, which is characterized in particular by a uniform heat distribution during operation and ease of manufacture.
  • the invention is based on the general idea of applying a metallic coating, which has hitherto already been known for sealing bodies, to a higher material thermal conductivity by means of a thermal spraying process on the body, that is to say on a first material, wherein between the first and the second Material no thermal insulation is provided, so that the good heat-conducting second material can dissipate the heat both in an edge region of a valve disk of the closure body and from this edge region in a valve seat, as well as in a valve body itself, so that it can heat relatively evenly , without resulting in high and heavily loaded temperature gradients.
  • thermal spraying processes Under a thermal spraying process usually surface coating methods are subsumed in which filler materials, the so-called spray additives, inside or outside a spray burner off, on or melted accelerated in a gas stream in the form of spray particles and are thrown onto the surface of the material to be coated.
  • the surface to be coated is not melted and only thermally loaded to a very small extent.
  • a layer formation takes place here, provided that the spray particles flatten more or less depending on process and material when hitting the surface, remain liable primarily by mechanical interlocking and build up the sprayed layer in layers.
  • Particularly advantageous in such thermal spraying processes is the low porosity of the sprayed layers, the good bonding of the same to a base material, freedom from cracks and a relatively homogeneous microstructure.
  • the achieved coating properties can be determined decisively by the temperature and the speed of the spray particles at the time of their impact on the surface to be coated.
  • As an energy source for the on or melting of the spray additive used for example electric arc, plasma jets, laser beams or preheated gases (eg cold gas spraying, HVOF).
  • HVOF cold gas spraying
  • the second material in a hot Exhaust gases on the most exposed surface area of the closure body brought to a maximum directly to the sealing region of the closure body and thereby able to derive the high component temperatures occurring during operation of the engine on the one hand quickly into the valve seat and on the other hand to achieve a comparatively uniform heating of the valve body.
  • the second, highly thermally conductive material extends in particular to those areas in which the closure body contacts the valve seat when the valve is closed. At a direct contact point between the valve body and the valve seat, however, preferably no second material is provided, since this often has only a moderate wear resistance due to its high thermal conductivity and would wear out especially in this area.
  • the first material of the closure body that is to say the base material, is selected primarily according to strength considerations.
  • the second material is applied by means of cold gas spraying on the closure body.
  • cold gas spraying a coating material in powder form is applied to the carrier material (substrate) at very high speed, for which purpose a process gas heated to a few hundred degrees C. is accelerated to supersonic speed by expansion in a Laval nozzle and then the powder articles are injected into the gas jet.
  • These injected spray particles are thereby accelerated to such a high speed that, in contrast to other thermal spraying methods, they form a density and at the same time a firmly adhering layer upon impact with the substrate, even without prior melting or melting.
  • the cold gas spraying a cost-effective and highly adhesive surface coating can be achieved.
  • Each valve of an internal combustion engine shown has a first material 1 serving as a base material and a second material 2 having a comparatively higher thermal conductivity exposed to the hot combustion gases of a combustion chamber of the internal combustion engine.
  • the second material 2 with respect to the first material 1 higher Thermal conductivity extends radially outward to a maximum directly to that area approaching, in which the valve plate rests against the valve seat associated with it when the valve is closed.
  • Such a valve seat is not drawn for clarity. As shown, the maximum radial extent of the second material 2 is drawn.
  • the second material 2 may protrude with the higher thermal conductivity over the radially outer edges of the valve disk in the direction of the valve stem, although that portion of the valve disk which contacts the valve seat directly, should remain recessed for wear reasons.
  • the second material 2 is applied by means of a thermal spraying process.
  • a thermal spraying method can be, for example, a molten bath spraying, an arc spraying, a plasma spraying, a flame spraying, a detonation spraying, a cold gas spraying or a laser spraying.
  • cold gas spraying in which the second material 2, that is to say the coating material, is applied in powder form at very high speed to the first material 1, that is to say the carrier material.
  • a heated to a few hundred degrees ° C process gas for example nitrogen or other inert gas
  • a Laval nozzle to supersonic speed and then injected the powder particles in the gas jet, whereupon they are so much accelerated that, in contrast to other thermal spraying Even without previous on or melting on impact with the first material form a dense and firmly adhering layer.
  • An alternative thermal spraying method is, for example, plasma spraying, in which an anode and up to three cathodes are separated by a narrow gap at a plasma torch.
  • a DC voltage is here generates an arc between the anode and cathode, wherein the gas flowing through the plasma torch is passed through the arc and thereby ionized.
  • the dissociation, or subsequent ionization generates a highly heated, electrically conductive gas of positive ions and electrons, in which the coating material, in this case the second material 2, is injected and immediately melted by the high plasma temperature.
  • the plasma gas stream thereby entrains the coating material and throws it onto the first material 1.
  • an adhesive base may be arranged therebetween, which has, for example, aluminum and / or nickel.
  • the primer or the adhesive layer may be up to 100 microns thick, as well as, for example, a corrosion protection layer, with which the second material 2 is coated.
  • a corrosion protection layer may in particular comprise nickel.
  • the second material 2 is usually made of good heat conducting material, such as copper with a purity of greater than 99% or silver.
  • the layer thickness of the second material 2 is between 0.2 and 1.0 mm.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Coating By Spraying Or Casting (AREA)
  • Lift Valve (AREA)

Abstract

The portable sealing body comprises a sealing area subjecting on a valve seat ring. The sealing body exposes hot gases. A surface area of the sealing body consists of first and second materials (1, 2) directly on the sealing area of the body. The second material possesses a high heat conductivity against the first material. The second material is subjected by a thermal spraying method such as melt-bath spraying, arc spraying process, plasma spraying, and flame spraying (powder flame spraying, wire flame spraying, plastic flame spraying and high speed flame spraying). The portable sealing body comprises a sealing area subjecting on a valve seat ring. The sealing body exposes hot gases. A surface area of the sealing body consists of first and second materials (1, 2) directly on the sealing area of the body. The second material possesses a high heat conductivity against the first material. The second material is subjected by a thermal spraying method such as melt-bath spraying, arc spraying process, plasma spraying, flame spraying (powder flame spraying, wire flame spraying, plastic flame spraying and high speed flame spraying), detonation spraying (flame shock spraying), cold gas spraying, and laser spraying. No second material is available in the sealing area in which the valve plate adjoins as sealing body in closed valve at the valve seat. An adhesion layer is arranged between the first and the second materials and consists of nickel and/or aluminum. The adhesion layer has a thickness of 100 mu m. The second material covers itself under connection of the sealing area in which the sealing body contacts the valve seat ring. The second material consists of copper and/or silver and has a thickness of 0.2-1 mm. The second material is covered with a corrosion protection layer, which consists of nickel and has a thickness of 100 mu m.

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft einen beweglichen, heißen Gasen ausgesetzten Verschlusskörper eines Ventiles, insbesondere eines Gaswechselventiles eines Verbrennungsmotors nach dem Oberbegriff des Patentanspruchs 1.The invention relates to a movable, hot gases exposed closure body of a valve, in particular a gas exchange valve of an internal combustion engine according to the preamble of patent claim 1.

Bei Verschlusskörpern von Gaswechselventilen eines Verbrennungsmotors ist es bekannt, den Verschlusskörper zumindest in Teilbereichen der von den heißen Verbrennungsgasen beaufschlagten Oberfläche aus einem innenliegenden, außen mit einem Isoliermaterial versehenen Grundmaterial auszubilden.In closure bodies of gas exchange valves of an internal combustion engine, it is known to form the closure body at least in partial areas of the acted upon by the hot combustion gases surface of an inner, provided externally with an insulating material base material.

Ein gattungsgemäßer Verschlusskörper ist beispielsweise aus der DE 367 003 A1 bekannt, bei welchem ein Ventilteller durch eine Schicht aus gut wärmeleitendem Metall überzogen ist. Der Querschnitt des Überzuges ist in der Mitte des Ventiltellers dünn, entsprechend einem hohen Wärmegefälle, und wird zum Rand hin immer dicker, so dass der abzuführenden Wärme stets ein notwendiger Fließquerschnitt zur Verfügung gestellt werden kann.A generic closure body is for example from the DE 367 003 A1 in which a valve disk is covered by a layer of good heat-conducting metal. The cross-section of the coating is thin in the middle of the valve disk, corresponding to a high heat gradient, and becomes thicker towards the edge, so that the heat to be dissipated can always be provided with a necessary flow cross-section.

Die vorliegende Erfindung beschäftigt sich mit dem Problem, für einen gattungsgemäßen Verschlusskörper, eine verbesserte oder zumindest eine andere Ausführungsform anzugeben, welche sich insbesondere durch eine gleichmäßige Wärmeverteilung während des Betriebs sowie eine einfache Herstellbarkeit auszeichnet.The present invention is concerned with the problem of providing for a generic closure body, an improved or at least another embodiment, which is characterized in particular by a uniform heat distribution during operation and ease of manufacture.

Dieses Problem wird erfindungsgemäß durch den Gegenstand des unabhängigen Anspruchs 1 gelöst. Vorteilhafte Ausführungsformen sind Gegenstand der abhängigen Ansprüche.This problem is solved according to the invention by the subject matter of independent claim 1. Advantageous embodiments are the subject of the dependent claims.

Die Erfindung beruht auf dem allgemeinen Gedanken, einen bisher bereits bei Verschlusskörpern bekannten metallischen Überzug mit einer im Vergleich zu einem Grundkörper höheren Wärmeleitfähigkeit nunmehr mittels eines thermischen Spritzverfahrens auf den Grundkörper, das heißt auf ein erstes Material, aufzubringen, wobei zwischen dem ersten und dem zweiten Material keine thermische Isolierung mehr vorgesehen ist, so dass das gut wärmeleitende zweite Material die Wärme sowohl in einen Randbereich eines Ventiltellers des Verschlusskörpers und von diesem Randbereich in einen Ventilsitz ableiten kann, als auch in einen Ventilkörper selbst, so dass sich dieser relativ gleichmäßig erwärmen kann, ohne dass hierbei zu hohe und stark belastende Temperaturgradienten entstehen. Unter einem thermischen Spritzverfahren werden üblicherweise Oberflächenbeschichtungsverfahren subsummiert, bei welchen Zusatzwerkstoffe, die sogenannten Spritzzusätze, innerhalb oder außerhalb eines Spritzbrenners ab-, an- oder aufgeschmolzen in einem Gasstrom in Form von Spritzpartikeln beschleunigt und auf die Oberfläche des zu beschichtenden Materials geschleudert werden. Die zu beschichtende Oberfläche wird dabei nicht angeschmolzen und nur in sehr geringem Maße thermisch belastet. Eine Schichtbildung findet dabei statt, sofern die Spritzpartikel beim Auftreffen auf die Oberfläche prozess- und materialabhängig mehr oder minder abflachen, vorrangig durch mechanische Verklammerungen haften bleiben und lageweise die Spritzschicht aufbauen. Besonders vorteilhaft bei derartigen thermischen Spritzverfahren ist die geringe Porosität der Spritzschichten, die gute Anbindung derselben an ein Grundmaterial, die Rissfreiheit und eine relativ homogene Mikrostruktur. Die erzielten Schichteigenschaften können dabei maßgeblich durch die Temperatur und die Geschwindigkeit der Spritzpartikel zum Zeitpunkt ihres Auftreffens auf die zu beschichtende Oberfläche bestimmt werden. Als Energieträger für die An- oder Aufschmelzung des Spritzzusatzwerkstoffes dienen beispielsweise elektrische Lichtbogen, Plasmastrahlen, Laserstrahlen oder vorgewärmte Gase (z.B. Kaltgasspritzen, HVOF). Bezogen auf den Ventilkörper ist dabei das zweite Material in einem den heißen Abgasen am stärksten ausgesetzten Oberflächenbereich des Verschlusskörpers bis maximal direkt an den Dichtungsbereich des Verschlusskörpers herangeführt und dadurch in der Lage, die während dem Betrieb der Brennkraftmaschine auftretenden hohen Bauteiltemperaturen einerseits schnell in den Ventilsitz abzuleiten und andererseits eine vergleichsweise gleichmäßige Erwärmung des Ventilkörpers zu erreichen. Das zweite, gut wärmeleitende Material, erstreckt sich dabei insbesondere bis in diejenigen Bereiche, in denen der Verschlusskörper bei geschlossenem Ventil den Ventilsitz kontaktiert. An einer direkten Kontaktstelle zwischen dem Ventilkörper und dem Ventilsitz ist jedoch vorzugsweise kein zweites Material vorgesehen, da dieses aufgrund seiner hohen Wärmeleitfähigkeit oftmals lediglich über eine mäßige Verschleißbeständigkeit verfügt und sich insbesondere in diesem Bereich stark abnützen würde. Das erste Material des Verschlusskörpers, das heißt das Grundmaterial wird dabei in erster Linie nach Festigkeitsgesichtspunkten ausgewählt.The invention is based on the general idea of applying a metallic coating, which has hitherto already been known for sealing bodies, to a higher material thermal conductivity by means of a thermal spraying process on the body, that is to say on a first material, wherein between the first and the second Material no thermal insulation is provided, so that the good heat-conducting second material can dissipate the heat both in an edge region of a valve disk of the closure body and from this edge region in a valve seat, as well as in a valve body itself, so that it can heat relatively evenly , without resulting in high and heavily loaded temperature gradients. Under a thermal spraying process usually surface coating methods are subsumed in which filler materials, the so-called spray additives, inside or outside a spray burner off, on or melted accelerated in a gas stream in the form of spray particles and are thrown onto the surface of the material to be coated. The surface to be coated is not melted and only thermally loaded to a very small extent. A layer formation takes place here, provided that the spray particles flatten more or less depending on process and material when hitting the surface, remain liable primarily by mechanical interlocking and build up the sprayed layer in layers. Particularly advantageous in such thermal spraying processes is the low porosity of the sprayed layers, the good bonding of the same to a base material, freedom from cracks and a relatively homogeneous microstructure. The achieved coating properties can be determined decisively by the temperature and the speed of the spray particles at the time of their impact on the surface to be coated. As an energy source for the on or melting of the spray additive used for example electric arc, plasma jets, laser beams or preheated gases (eg cold gas spraying, HVOF). Related to the valve body is the second material in a hot Exhaust gases on the most exposed surface area of the closure body brought to a maximum directly to the sealing region of the closure body and thereby able to derive the high component temperatures occurring during operation of the engine on the one hand quickly into the valve seat and on the other hand to achieve a comparatively uniform heating of the valve body. The second, highly thermally conductive material extends in particular to those areas in which the closure body contacts the valve seat when the valve is closed. At a direct contact point between the valve body and the valve seat, however, preferably no second material is provided, since this often has only a moderate wear resistance due to its high thermal conductivity and would wear out especially in this area. The first material of the closure body, that is to say the base material, is selected primarily according to strength considerations.

Bei einer vorteilhaften Weiterbildung der erfindungsgemäßen Lösung, ist das zweite Material mittels Kaltgasspritzverfahren auf dem Verschlusskörper aufgebracht. Beim Kaltgasspritzen wird ein Beschichtungswerkstoff in Pulverform mit sehr hoher Geschwindigkeit auf das Trägermaterial (Substrat) aufgebracht, wozu ein auf wenige hundert Grad °C aufgeheiztes Prozessgas durch Expansion in einer Lavaldüse auf Überschallgeschwindigkeit beschleunigt und anschließend die Pulverartikel in den Gasstrahl injiziert werden. Diese injizierten Spritzpartikel werden dabei auf eine so hohe Geschwindigkeit beschleunigt, dass sie im Gegensatz zu anderen thermischen Spritzverfahren auch ohne vorangehendes An- oder Aufschmelzen beim Aufprall auf das Substrat eine Dichte und gleichzeitig fest haftende Schicht bilden. Generell kann mit dem Kaltgasspritzen eine kostengünstige und stark anhaftende Oberflächenbeschichtung erreicht werden.In an advantageous embodiment of the solution according to the invention, the second material is applied by means of cold gas spraying on the closure body. In cold gas spraying, a coating material in powder form is applied to the carrier material (substrate) at very high speed, for which purpose a process gas heated to a few hundred degrees C. is accelerated to supersonic speed by expansion in a Laval nozzle and then the powder articles are injected into the gas jet. These injected spray particles are thereby accelerated to such a high speed that, in contrast to other thermal spraying methods, they form a density and at the same time a firmly adhering layer upon impact with the substrate, even without prior melting or melting. In general, the cold gas spraying a cost-effective and highly adhesive surface coating can be achieved.

Weitere wichtige Merkmale und Vorteile der Erfindung ergeben sich aus den Unteransprüchen, aus den Zeichnungen und aus der zugehörigen Figurenbeschreibung anhand der Zeichnungen.Other important features and advantages of the invention will become apparent from the dependent claims, from the drawings and from the associated figure description with reference to the drawings.

Es versteht sich, dass die vorstehend genannten und die nachstehend noch zu erläuternden Merkmale nicht nur in der jeweils angegebenen Kombination, sondern auch in anderen Kombinationen oder in Alleinstellung verwendbar sind, ohne den Rahmen der vorliegenden Erfindung zu verlassen.It is understood that the features mentioned above and those yet to be explained below can be used not only in the particular combination given, but also in other combinations or in isolation, without departing from the scope of the present invention.

Bevorzugte Ausführungsbeispiele der Erfindung sind in den Zeichnungen dargestellt und werden in der nachfolgenden Beschreibung näher erläutert, wobei sich gleiche Bezugszeichen auf gleiche oder ähnliche oder funktional gleiche Bauteile beziehen.Preferred embodiments of the invention are illustrated in the drawings and will be described in more detail in the following description, wherein like reference numerals refer to the same or similar or functionally identical components.

Dabei zeigen, jeweils schematisch,

Fig. 1
einen Ventilteller mit angrenzendem Ventilschaft eines Gaswechselventils eines Verbrennungsmotors mit einem Ventilteller mit Vollmaterial im radialen Außenbereich,
Fig. 2
einen Ventilteller mit angrenzendem Ventilschaft, wobei im Gegensatz zu der Ausführung in Fig. 1 ein im radialen Außenbereich hohler Ventilteller vorliegt.
Show, in each case schematically,
Fig. 1
a valve disk with adjoining valve stem of a gas exchange valve of an internal combustion engine with a valve disk with solid material in the radially outer region,
Fig. 2
a valve plate with adjoining valve stem, in contrast to the embodiment in Fig. 1 a hollow valve disc is present in the radial outer region.

Entsprechend den Fig. 1 und 2, weist ein jeweils dargestelltes Ventil eines Verbrennungsmotors ein als Grundmaterial dienendes erstes Material 1 und ein, den heißen Verbrennungsgasen einer Brennkammer des Verbrennungsmotors ausgesetztes zweites Material 2 mit einer vergleichsweise höheren Wärmeleitfähigkeit auf. Das zweite Material 2 mit der gegenüber dem ersten Material 1 höheren Wärmeleitfähigkeit, erstreckt sich dabei nach radial außen maximal bis direkt an denjenigen Bereich heran, in dem der Ventilteller bei geschlossenem Ventil an dem ihm zugeordneten Ventilsitz anliegt. Ein derartiger Ventilsitz ist aus Übersichtlichkeitsgründen nicht gezeichnet. Gemäß der Darstellung ist dabei die maximale radiale Ausdehnung des zweiten Materials 2 gezeichnet.According to the Fig. 1 and 2 , Each valve of an internal combustion engine shown has a first material 1 serving as a base material and a second material 2 having a comparatively higher thermal conductivity exposed to the hot combustion gases of a combustion chamber of the internal combustion engine. The second material 2 with respect to the first material 1 higher Thermal conductivity extends radially outward to a maximum directly to that area approaching, in which the valve plate rests against the valve seat associated with it when the valve is closed. Such a valve seat is not drawn for clarity. As shown, the maximum radial extent of the second material 2 is drawn.

Gegenüber den gezeichneten beiden Ausführungsbeispielen, kann das zweite Material 2 mit der höheren Wärmeleitfähigkeit über die radial außenliegenden Kanten des Ventiltellers in Richtung des Ventilschaftes hinausragen, wobei allerdings derjenige Bereich des Ventiltellers, der den Ventilsitz direkt kontaktiert, aus Verschleißgründen ausgespart bleiben soll. Erfindungsgemäß ist dabei das zweite Material 2 mittels eines thermischen Spritzverfahrens aufgebracht. Ein derartiges thermisches Spritzverfahren kann beispielsweise ein Schmelzbadspritzen, ein Lichtbogenspritzen, ein Plasmaspritzen, ein Flammenspritzen, ein Detonationsspritzen, ein Kaltgasspritzen oder ein Laserspritzen sein. Besonders bevorzugt ist dabei das Kaltgasspritzen, bei dem das zweite Material 2, also der Beschichtungswerkstoff, in Pulverform mit sehr hoher Geschwindigkeit auf das erste Material 1, also das Trägermaterial, aufgebracht wird. Hierzu wird ein auf wenige hundert Grad °C aufgeheiztes Prozessgas, beispielsweise Stickstoff oder ein anderes Inertgas, durch Expansion in einer Lavaldüse auf Überschallgeschwindigkeit beschleunigt und anschließend die Pulverpartikel in den Gasstrahl injiziert, woraufhin diese so stark beschleunigt werden, dass im Gegensatz zu anderen thermischen Spritzverfahren auch ohne vorangegangenes An- oder Aufschmelzen beim Aufprall auf das erste Material eine dichte und fest haftende Schicht bilden.Compared to the illustrated two embodiments, the second material 2 may protrude with the higher thermal conductivity over the radially outer edges of the valve disk in the direction of the valve stem, although that portion of the valve disk which contacts the valve seat directly, should remain recessed for wear reasons. According to the invention, the second material 2 is applied by means of a thermal spraying process. Such a thermal spraying method can be, for example, a molten bath spraying, an arc spraying, a plasma spraying, a flame spraying, a detonation spraying, a cold gas spraying or a laser spraying. Particularly preferred is cold gas spraying, in which the second material 2, that is to say the coating material, is applied in powder form at very high speed to the first material 1, that is to say the carrier material. For this purpose, a heated to a few hundred degrees ° C process gas, for example nitrogen or other inert gas, accelerated by expansion in a Laval nozzle to supersonic speed and then injected the powder particles in the gas jet, whereupon they are so much accelerated that, in contrast to other thermal spraying Even without previous on or melting on impact with the first material form a dense and firmly adhering layer.

Ein alternatives thermisches Spritzverfahren ist beispielsweise das Plasmaspritzen, bei welchem an einem Plasmabrenner eine Anode und bis zu drei Kathoden durch einen schmalen Spalt getrennt sind. Durch eine Gleichspannung wird hierbei ein Lichtbogen zwischen Anode und Kathode erzeugt, wobei das durch den Plasmabrenner strömende Gas durch den Lichtbogen geleitet und hierbei ionisiert wird. Die Dissoziation, bzw. anschließende Ionisation, erzeugt ein hochaufgeheiztes elektrisch leitendes Gas aus positiven Ionen und Elektronen, in welchem der Beschichtungswerkstoff, hier also das zweite Material 2, eingedüst und durch die hohe Plasmatemperatur sofort aufgeschmolzen wird. Der Plasmagasstrom reißt dabei den Beschichtungswerkstoff mit und schleudert diesen auf das erste Material 1. Zwischen dem ersten Material 1 und dem zweiten Material 2 ist dabei üblicherweise keine (Wärme-)Isolierschicht vorgesehen, so dass das gut wärmeleitende zweite Material 2 die beim Verbrennungsprozess auftretenden hohen Temperaturen einerseits an einen Randbereich und damit über den Ventilsitz ableiten und andererseits in das erste Material 1 gleichmäßig einleiten kann. Zur besseren Verbindung zwischen dem zweiten Material 2 und dem ersten Material 1 kann zwischen diesen jedoch ein Haftgrund angeordnet sein, welcher beispielsweise Aluminium und/oder Nickel aufweist. Der Haftgrund bzw. die Haftschicht kann dabei bis zu 100 µm dick sein, ebenso wie beispielsweise eine Korrosionsschutzschicht, mit der das zweite Material 2 überzogen wird. Eine derartige Korrosionsschutzschicht kann insbesondere Nickel aufweisen.An alternative thermal spraying method is, for example, plasma spraying, in which an anode and up to three cathodes are separated by a narrow gap at a plasma torch. By a DC voltage is here generates an arc between the anode and cathode, wherein the gas flowing through the plasma torch is passed through the arc and thereby ionized. The dissociation, or subsequent ionization, generates a highly heated, electrically conductive gas of positive ions and electrons, in which the coating material, in this case the second material 2, is injected and immediately melted by the high plasma temperature. The plasma gas stream thereby entrains the coating material and throws it onto the first material 1. Between the first material 1 and the second material 2, usually no (heat) insulating layer is provided, so that the good heat-conducting second material 2, the high occurring in the combustion process Temperatures on the one hand to an edge region and thus derive the valve seat and on the other hand can smoothly initiate into the first material 1. For a better connection between the second material 2 and the first material 1, however, an adhesive base may be arranged therebetween, which has, for example, aluminum and / or nickel. The primer or the adhesive layer may be up to 100 microns thick, as well as, for example, a corrosion protection layer, with which the second material 2 is coated. Such a corrosion protection layer may in particular comprise nickel.

Im Vergleich dazu ist das zweite Material 2 üblicherweise aus gut wärmeleitendem Material, beispielsweise Kupfer mit einem Reinheitsgrad von größer als 99% oder Silber ausgebildet. Die Schichtdicke des zweiten Materials 2 liegt dabei zwischen 0,2 und 1,0 mm.In comparison, the second material 2 is usually made of good heat conducting material, such as copper with a purity of greater than 99% or silver. The layer thickness of the second material 2 is between 0.2 and 1.0 mm.

Claims (11)

Beweglicher, heißen Gasen ausgesetzter Verschlusskörper eines Ventiles, insbesondere eines Gaswechselventils eines Verbrennungsmotors, mit einem an einem Ventilsitzring anlegbaren Dichtungsbereich, bei dem - zumindest ein den heißen Gasen am stärksten ausgesetzter Oberflächenbereich des Verschlusskörpers bis maximal direkt an den Dichtungsbereich dieses Verschlusskörpers aus jeweils wenigstens einem ersten und zweiten Material (1 bzw. 2) besteht, - das zweite Material (2) gegenüber dem ersten Material (1) eine höhere Wärmeleitfähigkeit besitzt. dadurch gekennzeichnet,
dass das zweite Material (2) mittels eines thermischen Spritzverfahrens aufgebracht ist.Movable, hot gases exposed closure body of a valve, in particular a gas exchange valve of an internal combustion engine, with an attachable to a valve seat ring sealing region in which at least one surface area of the closure body which is exposed to the hot gases to at most directly to the sealing area of this closure body consists in each case of at least one first and second material (1 or 2), - The second material (2) relative to the first material (1) has a higher thermal conductivity. characterized,
that the second material (2) is applied by means of a thermal spraying process. Verschlusskörper nach Anspruch 1,
dadurch gekennzeichnet,
dass das zweite Material (2) mittels eines der folgenden thermischen Spritzverfahren aufgebracht ist, - Schmelzbadspritzen, - Lichtbogenspritzen (Drahtlichtbogenspritzen) - Plasmaspritzen (an Atmosphäre, unter Schutzgas, unter niedrigem Druck (Va - kuum) ), - Flammspritzen (Pulverflammspritzen, Drahtflammspritzen, Kunststoffflammspritzen, Hochgeschwindigkeit-Flammspritzen, - Detonationsspritzen (Flammschockspritzen), - Kaltgasspritzen, - Laserspritzen. Closure body according to claim 1,
characterized,
that the second material (2) by means of the following thermal spraying methods is applied, - melt spraying, - Arc spraying (wire arc spraying) Plasma spraying (in atmosphere, under protective gas, under low pressure (vacuum)), - flame spraying (powder flame spraying, wire flame spraying, plastic flame spraying, high-speed flame spraying, - detonation spraying (flame shock spraying), - cold gas spraying, - laser spraying. Verschlusskörper nach Anspruch 1 oder 2,
dadurch gekennzeichnet,
dass in dem Dichtungsbereich, in dem der Ventilteller als Verschlusskörper bei geschlossenem Ventil an dem ihm zugeordneten Ventilsitz anliegt, kein zweites Material (2) vorhanden ist.Closure body according to claim 1 or 2,
characterized,
that no second material (2) is present in the sealing area in which the valve disk bears against the valve seat assigned to it as a closure body when the valve is closed. Verschlusskörper nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 3,
dadurch gekennzeichnet,
dass zwischen dem ersten Material (1) und dem zweiten Material (2) eine adhäsiv wirkende Haftschicht angeordnet ist.Closure body according to one of claims 1 to 3,
characterized,
in that an adhesively acting adhesive layer is arranged between the first material (1) and the second material (2). Verschlusskörper nach Anspruch 4,
dadurch gekennzeichnet,
dass die Haftschicht Nickel und/oder Aluminium aufweist.Closure body according to claim 4,
characterized,
that the adhesive layer is nickel and / or aluminum has. Verschlusskörper nach Anspruch 4 oder 5,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Haftschicht eine Dicke von bis zu 100 µm aufweist.Closure body according to claim 4 or 5,
characterized in that the adhesive layer has a thickness of up to 100 microns. Verschlusskörper nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 6,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, - dass das zweite Material (2) sich unter Ausschluss des Dichtungsbereiches, in dem der Verschlusskörper den Ventilsitzring kontaktiert, über den Dichtungsbereich hinaus erstreckt, oder - dass das zweite Material (2) an einer Oberseite des Verschlusskörpers angeordnet ist. Closure body according to one of claims 1 to 6,
characterized, that the second material (2) extends beyond the sealing area, excluding the sealing area in which the closure body contacts the valve seat ring, or - That the second material (2) is arranged on an upper side of the closure body. Verschlusskörper nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 7,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das zweite Material (2) Kupfer und/oder Silber aufweist.Closure body according to one of claims 1 to 7,
characterized in that the second material (2) comprises copper and / or silver. Verschlusskörper nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das zweite Material (2) eine Dicke zwischen 0,2 und 1 mm besitzt.Closure body according to one of the preceding claims,
characterized in that the second material (2) has a thickness between 0.2 and 1 mm. Verschlusskörper nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche,
dadurch gekennzeichnet,
dass das zweite Material (2) mit mindestens einer Korrosionsschutzschicht überzogen ist.Closure body according to one of the preceding claims,
characterized,
that the second material (2) is coated with at least one corrosion protection layer. Verschlusskörper nach Anspruch 10,
dadurch gekennzeichnet,
dass die Korrosionsschutzschicht Nickel aufweist und bis zu 100 µm dick ist.Closure body according to claim 10,
characterized,
that the corrosion protection layer comprises nickel and is up to 100 microns thick.
EP09172918.6A 2008-10-31 2009-10-13 Mobile sealing body of a valve exposed to hot gasses Not-in-force EP2182183B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102008054266A DE102008054266A1 (en) 2008-10-31 2008-10-31 Movable, hot gases exposed closure body of a valve

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP2182183A1 true EP2182183A1 (en) 2010-05-05
EP2182183B1 EP2182183B1 (en) 2016-12-14

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Country Status (4)

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US (1) US8726873B2 (en)
EP (1) EP2182183B1 (en)
JP (1) JP5627872B2 (en)
DE (1) DE102008054266A1 (en)

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CN106222599B (en) * 2016-09-12 2019-01-01 武汉理工大学 Using the combination process in spraying self-melting alloy combination mid-frequency induction heating production valve wear-resistant seal face

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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
JP2010106842A (en) 2010-05-13
DE102008054266A1 (en) 2010-05-06
US20100108012A1 (en) 2010-05-06
EP2182183B1 (en) 2016-12-14
JP5627872B2 (en) 2014-11-19
US8726873B2 (en) 2014-05-20

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