EP2180148A1 - Gasturbine mit Kühleinsatz - Google Patents

Gasturbine mit Kühleinsatz Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2180148A1
EP2180148A1 EP08018754A EP08018754A EP2180148A1 EP 2180148 A1 EP2180148 A1 EP 2180148A1 EP 08018754 A EP08018754 A EP 08018754A EP 08018754 A EP08018754 A EP 08018754A EP 2180148 A1 EP2180148 A1 EP 2180148A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
cooling
gas turbine
cooling air
turbine
insert
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP08018754A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
Fathi Ahmad
Christian Lerner
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Siemens AG
Original Assignee
Siemens AG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Siemens AG filed Critical Siemens AG
Priority to EP08018754A priority Critical patent/EP2180148A1/de
Priority to EP09823098A priority patent/EP2347100B1/de
Priority to JP2011532553A priority patent/JP5281166B2/ja
Priority to US13/125,978 priority patent/US20110255956A1/en
Priority to PCT/EP2009/061461 priority patent/WO2010049195A1/de
Priority to CN200980142781.5A priority patent/CN102197195B/zh
Publication of EP2180148A1 publication Critical patent/EP2180148A1/de
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01D—NON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
    • F01D25/00—Component parts, details, or accessories, not provided for in, or of interest apart from, other groups
    • F01D25/08—Cooling; Heating; Heat-insulation
    • F01D25/14—Casings modified therefor
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01D—NON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
    • F01D5/00—Blades; Blade-carrying members; Heating, heat-insulating, cooling or antivibration means on the blades or the members
    • F01D5/12—Blades
    • F01D5/14—Form or construction
    • F01D5/18—Hollow blades, i.e. blades with cooling or heating channels or cavities; Heating, heat-insulating or cooling means on blades
    • F01D5/187—Convection cooling
    • F01D5/188—Convection cooling with an insert in the blade cavity to guide the cooling fluid, e.g. forming a separation wall
    • F01D5/189—Convection cooling with an insert in the blade cavity to guide the cooling fluid, e.g. forming a separation wall the insert having a tubular cross-section, e.g. airfoil shape
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05D—INDEXING SCHEME FOR ASPECTS RELATING TO NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, GAS-TURBINES OR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
    • F05D2260/00—Function
    • F05D2260/20—Heat transfer, e.g. cooling
    • F05D2260/201—Heat transfer, e.g. cooling by impingement of a fluid

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a gas turbine having a number of rotor blades arranged in each case, arranged on a turbine shaft and with a number of guide vanes combined by vanes on a turbine housing fixed guide vanes, the guide vanes having a number of cooling air holes.
  • Gas turbines are used in many areas to drive generators or work machines.
  • the energy content of a fuel is used to generate a rotational movement of a turbine shaft.
  • the fuel is burned in a combustion chamber, compressed air being supplied by an air compressor.
  • the working medium produced in the combustion chamber by the combustion of the fuel, under high pressure and at high temperature, is guided via a turbine unit arranged downstream of the combustion chamber, where it relaxes to perform work.
  • a number of rotor blades which are usually combined into blade groups or rows of blades, are arranged thereon and drive the turbine shaft via a momentum transfer from the working medium.
  • For guiding the flow of the working medium in the turbine unit also commonly associated between adjacent blade rows with the turbine housing and combined into rows of guide vanes are arranged.
  • the combustor of the gas turbine may be embodied as a so-called annular combustor wherein a plurality of burners circumferentially disposed about the turbine shaft into a common, high temperature resistant combustor Surrounding wall surrounding the combustion chamber space opens.
  • the combustion chamber is designed in its entirety as an annular structure.
  • a plurality of combustion chambers In addition to a single combustion chamber can also be provided a plurality of combustion chambers.
  • first row of guide vanes of a turbine unit which, together with the blade row immediately downstream in the flow direction of the working medium, forms a first turbine stage of the turbine unit, which is usually followed by further turbine stages.
  • the vanes are fixed in each case via a blade root, also referred to as a platform, on a guide vane carrier of the turbine unit.
  • the guide blade carrier for securing the platforms of the guide vanes comprise an insulation segment.
  • a guide ring on the guide vane support of the turbine unit is arranged in each case.
  • Such a guide ring is spaced by a radial gap of the blade tips of the fixed at the same axial position on the turbine shaft blades of the associated blade row.
  • the guide vane carrier of the gas turbine is usually made of cast steel, since this is suitable to withstand the high temperatures within the gas turbine.
  • cooling air bores are usually provided in the guide vane carrier through which cooling air flows from the outer regions of the gas turbine into the interior and thereby cools the vane carrier.
  • a plurality of cooling air reservoirs with different temperatures and pressures between the turbine housing and the guide blade carrier are provided.
  • a strong cooling of the vane carrier also means a high consumption of cooling air, which then flows into the interior of the gas turbine. This lowers the temperature inside the gas turbine and therefore can also reduce the efficiency of the gas turbine.
  • the invention is therefore based on the object to provide a gas turbine, which has a particularly high efficiency while maintaining the greatest possible operational safety.
  • This object is achieved by a cooling insert is introduced into a cooling air hole.
  • the invention is based on the consideration that a particularly high efficiency can be achieved by increasing the temperature inside the gas turbine. This can be achieved by reducing the cooling air consumption, i. H. a reduction of introduced into the interior of the gas turbine amount of cooling air done.
  • a reduction in the amount of cooling air results in an increase in the temperature of the vane carrier, since less air then flows through its cooling air bores and accordingly less heat is removed.
  • this can result in a deformation of the guide vane carrier, which then would have to be considered in the construction of the gas turbine. Therefore, the existing cooling air should be used very effectively for cooling, d. h., It should be removed with the lowest possible amount of cooling air, the largest possible amount of heat.
  • the cooling insert is tubular and provided with arranged in its tube wall, window-shaped wall openings, which are separated by webs. This makes it possible for the cooling air flowing through the cooling insert to continue to come into contact with the wall of the cooling air bores of the guide blade carrier over a large area, in order to remove the heat energy from it.
  • the respective cooling insert comprises at least one turbulator.
  • Turbulators are small elevations, d. H. Generally applied surface perturbations, which turn a laminar flow into a turbulent one. These can be formed, for example, by the webs or in the form of raised wires, sheet corners or the like. Even if the flow in the cooling air bore is already turbulent, these turbulators ensure even better heat transfer and thus overall better cooling of the guide blade carrier with reduced cooling air consumption.
  • the cooling insert can advantageously be designed instead of or in addition to the turbulators as an impingement cooling insert.
  • the cooling air flowing therethrough can radiate out through the impingement cooling holes while impinging transversely on the cooling air bore walls of the vane support. As a result, a particularly efficient cooling of the guide vane carrier is achieved.
  • the respective cooling insert comprises thread-like structures.
  • a thread structure of the flow inside the cooling air hole By a thread structure of the flow inside the cooling air hole, a twist can be imposed, which on the one hand ensures a turbulence of the flow, on the other hand has a longer whereabouts of the cooling air in the cooling air bore. As a result, a better heat transfer from the material of the vane support is ensured on the flowing cooling air also.
  • the respective cooling insert is made of the same material as the guide blade carrier.
  • any complications due to different choice of material of the cooling insert and the guide blade carrier, such as a different thermal expansion, can be avoided and it is a total of a comparatively simpler design possible.
  • cooling air supply to the cooling air holes should advantageously be adapted to the cooling properties of the respective cooling insert. This means that the temperature and pressure of the introduced cooling air are optimized to the new, changed properties with regard to the cooling by the cooling inserts.
  • such a gas turbine is used in a gas and steam turbine plant.
  • the advantages associated with the invention are, in particular, that an overall better efficiency of the gas turbine is achieved by the introduction of cooling inserts in the cooling air holes of the guide blade carrier by the improved cooling while reducing the amount of cooling air. Furthermore, such inserts can be particularly easy to introduce and can therefore also be relatively easily used in the manner of retrofitting in older gas turbines.
  • the cooling inserts can also be flexibly adapted to the respective requirements with regard to cooling and cooling air consumption.
  • the gas turbine 1 has a compressor 2 for combustion air, a combustion chamber 4 and a turbine unit 6 for driving the compressor 2 and a generator, not shown, or a working machine.
  • the turbine unit 6 and the compressor 2 are arranged on a common, also called turbine rotor turbine shaft 8, with which the generator or the working machine is connected, and which is rotatably mounted about its central axis 9.
  • the running in the manner of an annular combustion chamber 4 is equipped with a number of burners 10 for the combustion of a liquid or gaseous fuel.
  • the turbine unit 6 has a number of rotatable blades 12 connected to the turbine shaft 8.
  • the blades 12 are arranged in a ring on the turbine shaft 8 and thus form a number of blade rows.
  • the turbine unit 6 comprises a number of stationary vanes 14, which are also attached in a donut-like manner to a vane support 16 of the turbine unit 6 to form rows of vanes.
  • the blades 12 serve to drive the turbine shaft 8 by momentum transfer from the turbine unit 6 flowing through the working medium M.
  • the vanes 14, however, serve to guide the flow of the working medium M between two seen in the flow direction of the working medium M consecutive blade rows or blade rings.
  • a successive pair of a ring of vanes 14 or a row of vanes and a ring of blades 12 or a blade row is also referred to as a turbine stage.
  • Each vane 14 has a platform 18 which is arranged to fix the respective vane 14 to a vane support 16 of the turbine unit 6 as a wall element.
  • the platform 18 is a thermally comparatively heavily loaded component, the outer boundary of a Hot gas channel for the turbine unit 6 flowing through the working medium M forms.
  • Each blade 12 is attached to the turbine shaft 8 in an analogous manner via a platform 19, also referred to as a blade root.
  • a guide ring 21 is arranged on a guide blade carrier 16 of the turbine unit 6.
  • the outer surface of each guide ring 21 is also exposed to the hot, the turbine unit 6 flowing through the working medium M and spaced in the radial direction from the outer end of the opposite blades 12 through a gap.
  • the guide rings 21 arranged between adjacent rows of guide blades serve in particular as cover elements which protect the inner housing 16 in the guide blade carrier or other housing installation parts from thermal overstress by the hot working medium M flowing through the turbine 6.
  • the combustion chamber 4 is designed in the embodiment as a so-called annular combustion chamber, in which a plurality of circumferentially around the turbine shaft 8 arranged around burners 10 open into a common combustion chamber space.
  • the combustion chamber 4 is configured in its entirety as an annular structure which is positioned around the turbine shaft 8 around.
  • cooling air bores are introduced into the vane support 16, through the cooling air of different temperature and pressure from different chambers outside the region of the vane support 16 through the guide vane 16 into the interior of the gas turbine 1 becomes. This cooling air ensures cooling of the guide blade carrier 16 so that thermal deformations of the guide blade carrier 16 are reduced.
  • cooling inserts 22 are inserted into the cooling air bores. If the cooling insert 22 is designed as an impact-cooling insert, its outer diameter is slightly smaller than the diameter of the cooling-air bore.
  • FIG. 2 A cross section through one half of such a cooling insert 22 is shown in FIG FIG. 2 shown.
  • the cooling insert 22 has a substantially cylindrical shape in order to be used in the existing cooling air holes can. In this way, existing gas turbines can be retrofitted with such a cooling insert 22. In addition, it is tubular, so it can flow through along its axial extent.
  • On one side of the cooling insert 22 includes a flange 23 for fixing.
  • the cooling insert 22 has at its circular cross-section pipe wall a plurality of window-shaped wall openings 25, which can be distributed both along its axial extent and on the circumference.
  • the wall openings are comparatively large area and are separated by webs 26 from each other.
  • Such a cooling insert 22 then has, in contrast to the impingement cooling insert, an outer diameter which corresponds to the diameter of the cooling air bore.
  • the webs 26 extending in the circumferential direction of the cooling insert 22 are designed as turbulators 24, at which the air flow breaks and the laminar flow is transformed into a turbulent flow.
  • Other forms and arrangements of turbulators are also possible.
  • the turbulent flow comes in the region of the wall openings 25 with the wall of the cooling air bore of the vane support for the cooling in contact. This gives a better heat transfer from Material of the vane support 16 ensures the cooling air.
  • the webs 26 and / or the turbulators 24 may also be arranged in the manner of a thread, so that the cooling air is given an additional twist, so that the dwell time and the turbulence in the cooling air hole is larger.
  • FIG. 3 shows the cooling air insert 22 again in the plan. Again, the flanges 23 for fixing in the cooling air holes of the vane support 16 can be seen. Since the heat transfer from the material of the vane support 16 is improved by the cooling insert 22 to the cooling air in the cooling air holes, the cooling air supply into the vane support 16 should still be adapted to the new cooling air properties. As a result, a comparatively better and more effective cooling of the vane support 16 is ensured while at the same time reducing the consumption of cooling air. As a result, the efficiency of the gas turbine 1 can be increased overall.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Turbine Rotor Nozzle Sealing (AREA)
EP08018754A 2008-10-27 2008-10-27 Gasturbine mit Kühleinsatz Withdrawn EP2180148A1 (de)

Priority Applications (6)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP08018754A EP2180148A1 (de) 2008-10-27 2008-10-27 Gasturbine mit Kühleinsatz
EP09823098A EP2347100B1 (de) 2008-10-27 2009-09-04 Gasturbine mit kühleinsatz
JP2011532553A JP5281166B2 (ja) 2008-10-27 2009-09-04 冷却用インサートを有したガスタービン
US13/125,978 US20110255956A1 (en) 2008-10-27 2009-09-04 Gas turbine having cooling insert
PCT/EP2009/061461 WO2010049195A1 (de) 2008-10-27 2009-09-04 Gasturbine mit kühleinsatz
CN200980142781.5A CN102197195B (zh) 2008-10-27 2009-09-04 具有冷却嵌件的燃气涡轮机

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP08018754A EP2180148A1 (de) 2008-10-27 2008-10-27 Gasturbine mit Kühleinsatz

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP2180148A1 true EP2180148A1 (de) 2010-04-28

Family

ID=40474905

Family Applications (2)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP08018754A Withdrawn EP2180148A1 (de) 2008-10-27 2008-10-27 Gasturbine mit Kühleinsatz
EP09823098A Not-in-force EP2347100B1 (de) 2008-10-27 2009-09-04 Gasturbine mit kühleinsatz

Family Applications After (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP09823098A Not-in-force EP2347100B1 (de) 2008-10-27 2009-09-04 Gasturbine mit kühleinsatz

Country Status (5)

Country Link
US (1) US20110255956A1 (ja)
EP (2) EP2180148A1 (ja)
JP (1) JP5281166B2 (ja)
CN (1) CN102197195B (ja)
WO (1) WO2010049195A1 (ja)

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN103075202A (zh) * 2013-01-15 2013-05-01 上海交通大学 涡轮叶片内部带有栅格扰流的冲击冷却结构
EP3023600A1 (en) * 2014-11-24 2016-05-25 Alstom Technology Ltd Engine casing element

Families Citing this family (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
KR102389756B1 (ko) * 2017-12-01 2022-04-22 지멘스 에너지, 인코포레이티드 냉각식 터빈 구성요소들을 위한 열 전달 피처 내의 브레이즈드
CN112177689A (zh) * 2020-09-29 2021-01-05 中国航发湖南动力机械研究所 发动机的涡轮导向器定位结构和发动机

Citations (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3864056A (en) * 1973-07-27 1975-02-04 Westinghouse Electric Corp Cooled turbine blade ring assembly
GB1524956A (en) * 1975-10-30 1978-09-13 Rolls Royce Gas tubine engine
US5253976A (en) * 1991-11-19 1993-10-19 General Electric Company Integrated steam and air cooling for combined cycle gas turbines
EP1028230A1 (de) * 1999-02-09 2000-08-16 ABB Alstom Power (Schweiz) AG Gekühlte Gasturbinenkomponente mit verstellbarer Kühlung
US20040219009A1 (en) * 2003-03-06 2004-11-04 Snecma Moteurs Turbomachine with cooled ring segments
EP1526251A1 (en) * 2003-10-22 2005-04-27 General Electric Company Turbine nozzle cooling configuration
US20060140754A1 (en) * 2004-12-27 2006-06-29 Mitsubishi Heavy Industries, Ltd. Gas turbine
EP1923538A2 (en) * 2006-11-15 2008-05-21 General Electric Company Turbine with tip clearance control by transpiration

Family Cites Families (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP4274666B2 (ja) * 2000-03-07 2009-06-10 三菱重工業株式会社 ガスタービン
CN1573018B (zh) * 2003-05-20 2010-09-15 株式会社东芝 蒸汽涡轮机

Patent Citations (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3864056A (en) * 1973-07-27 1975-02-04 Westinghouse Electric Corp Cooled turbine blade ring assembly
GB1524956A (en) * 1975-10-30 1978-09-13 Rolls Royce Gas tubine engine
US5253976A (en) * 1991-11-19 1993-10-19 General Electric Company Integrated steam and air cooling for combined cycle gas turbines
EP1028230A1 (de) * 1999-02-09 2000-08-16 ABB Alstom Power (Schweiz) AG Gekühlte Gasturbinenkomponente mit verstellbarer Kühlung
US20040219009A1 (en) * 2003-03-06 2004-11-04 Snecma Moteurs Turbomachine with cooled ring segments
EP1526251A1 (en) * 2003-10-22 2005-04-27 General Electric Company Turbine nozzle cooling configuration
US20060140754A1 (en) * 2004-12-27 2006-06-29 Mitsubishi Heavy Industries, Ltd. Gas turbine
EP1923538A2 (en) * 2006-11-15 2008-05-21 General Electric Company Turbine with tip clearance control by transpiration

Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN103075202A (zh) * 2013-01-15 2013-05-01 上海交通大学 涡轮叶片内部带有栅格扰流的冲击冷却结构
EP3023600A1 (en) * 2014-11-24 2016-05-25 Alstom Technology Ltd Engine casing element
CN106065789A (zh) * 2014-11-24 2016-11-02 通用电器技术有限公司 发动机罩壳元件
CN106065789B (zh) * 2014-11-24 2020-08-07 安萨尔多能源英国知识产权有限公司 发动机罩壳元件

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP2347100B1 (de) 2012-10-17
EP2347100A1 (de) 2011-07-27
CN102197195B (zh) 2014-03-26
JP5281166B2 (ja) 2013-09-04
WO2010049195A1 (de) 2010-05-06
CN102197195A (zh) 2011-09-21
US20110255956A1 (en) 2011-10-20
JP2012506964A (ja) 2012-03-22

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