EP2173611B1 - Apparatus for fixing floating bodies - Google Patents

Description

Technical area

The invention relates to a device for fixing floats, especially boats, on a landing with at least two at one end on the float and the other at the landing body by means acting as coupling elements fittings on each mooring trees holding trees.

State of the art

The setting of floats, especially ships, boats or the like. In ports or bays is usually done by mooring the float on the landing, a float usually either alongside or transversely applied to the landing. If the float is alongside the landing gear, it is moored to the bow and stern of the landing gear. If the float is transverse to the landing body, it is moored to the bow or stern with the landing gear and is fixed away from the landing body float end by means of an anchor or a Mooringleine set to avoid unwanted drift of the ship. The hedge to other ships or to the landing body out in the usual way by means of fenders or the like.

A disadvantage of this prior art, however, that the float in the event that he is at one end attached to the landing with ropes and the other is held with an anchor, there is always the risk of a loosening anchor, and the float can drift uncontrollably. This danger exists especially in turbulent seas and has the consequence that other ships or the floating body itself or the landing gear are damaged due to the prevailing wind and wave forces. In the event that the remote from the landing attachment point, the anchor or a mooring line, solve, thus immediately danger is in default, since the float is attached to the landing body completely unstable at the other end. This means that the ship must always be equipped with an anchor guard or the like in order to avoid that the ship represents a risk of damage to itself or for other boats. But even then, when the float is not being used and therefore not guarded, but should always be ensured a secure anchorage.

Therefore, it is known to provide floats that are secured by means of holding trees on a bank. Such floats, usually landing ships on rivers where other ships can moor, are in the flow and are fixed by means of at least two retaining trees opposite the shore. A drift of this float is avoided by additional tethers or prevented by arranged in the form of a force triangle retaining trees, in particular, two attack points of two retaining trees converge on the shore on a common breakpoint on the landing body or vice versa. As a coupling elements acting fittings are provided in this case formed on the support bracket retaining rings, which are placed on appropriate bollards on the float or on the bank and secured it. However, such known retaining trees are not suitable for floats that often on and off and change their mooring, such as sailboats, motor boats or the like., Since the release or Mooring is associated with considerable effort and in addition to the trees mooring of the floating body is mandatory to provide.

Therefore, it is known ( US 5 014 638 A ) for fixing floats, in particular for fixing ships to a jetty to provide support brackets made of spring-mounted telescopic poles, which is freely rotatably mounted on the land side about a vertical axis and additionally along this axis up and down. Ship side, a connection is provided by means of a ball joint, which is freely movable in many areas. In this device is a disadvantage that for fixing a ship at least three retaining trees are provided, of which at least two are to be arranged in the form of a force triangle to ensure safe anchoring of the ship. In addition, this system is not easily and quickly adapted for use on different vessel sizes and types. A similar problem occurs in one of the US 5,243,926 known device in which the retaining tree described is rotatably anchored in its respective fittings on the float and the landing dock. To compensate for wave movements and Tidenhuben a vertical movement of the support trees is provided around horizontal axes. This tree is telescopically formed and includes springs for receiving the train and compressive forces. A similar system without telescope guidance shows the US 4 686 926 A , An absolutely unstable holding system, which is to be used as a maximum for short-term anchorages, reveals the US 2002/0104470 A1 , are provided in accordance with the support trees, the ship as well as shore side is attached to fittings attacking ropes, but this has an unreliable backup of the boat result.

Other systems in which always a pair of retaining trees are joined together to form a force triangle, for example, show the US 4,206,717 A and the US 2 996 033 A ,

Presentation of the invention

The invention is based on a prior art of the precharacterised kind the object of the invention to provide a device for fixing floats, which allows simple means a secure attachment of the float to a landing gear and thereby drifting and uncontrolled movements of the float, especially at high wave strengths and wind strengths, preferably avoided or prevented.

The invention solves this problem in that at least one of the support trees is fixed at least one end about an at least approximately vertical axis with adjustable and lockable angular displacement rotatably with acting as a coupling fitting on the respective mooring that the coupling elements acting as fittings at least approximately horizontal and each other parallel axes freely pivotally attack on the support trees and that at least one fitting per holding tree about an at least approximately horizontal axis is preferably pivotally adjustable against the force of a spring between a coupling position and a rest position.

For the simplest case, it is sufficient if the float is attached by means of the two support trees on the landing. The distance to the landing body is determined by the two retaining trees, wherein a drift of the float to the side and obliquely back towards the landing body is prevented by the rotationally fixed or drehfedernde setting at least one of the fittings at one end of the support trees. The device according to the invention introduces wave and wind forces, which act on the float, directly over the retaining trees in the landing body. Whether the retaining trees are rotatably attached to the float or landing body depends in particular on the respective local conditions. Often, the non-rotatable or torsionally resilient bearings on the float, especially on bollards, winches or the like. Be provided because the non-rotatable down the trees to arbitrary landing gear, for a inventive Device not prepared are often difficult to be possible. Through the connection by means of holding trees between the floating body and landing body forces acting on the float are already taken in the approach and introduced into the landing body. Blows on the swimming or the landing body and thus excessive force is thus avoided with the invention and suppressed in the approach. This type of attachment to the landing gear drift of the float is reduced to a minimum and thus significantly reduces the risk of damage by collisions with other ships or with the landing gear. Naturally, it is advisable to additionally secure the floating body, in particular in rough seas or in significant wind, in a known manner, such as with ropes, with an anchor or with a mooring. In the event that anchor or mooring lose their grip, the "rigid" attachment with the support trees still holds the float safely in place. The fittings acting as coupling elements can be arbitrarily shaped to be attached to corresponding counterparts, the mooring devices, such as in particular bollards, retaining rings, gongs, winches or the like. Advantageously.

Does the fitting a form-fitting in a corresponding, provided on the mooring, counterpart engaging receptacle, the rotation of the retaining tree is given at the mooring point in a simple manner. If the receptacle and the counterpart are designed in the manner of a spline or the like, then the angle of rotation of the retaining trees relative to the ship and landing bodies can also be set in a simple manner, for which purpose only the receptacle would be set up with a corresponding angular offset to the corresponding counterpart.

Thus, the float can compensate for higher wave movements safely or so he can follow a Tidenhub accordingly, it is recommended that the fittings attack at least approximately horizontal and mutually parallel axes freely pivotally adjustable on the trees. Furthermore, it is recommended that the retaining trees are telescopically formed and have tensile or compressive force absorbing springs in the direction of displacement. Thus, acting on the float forces and energies, especially at higher wind speeds can be cushioned and collected, which is given a much lower load of floating body and landing body. Belongs to the holding trees while a displacement damper, also a rocking of wave movements is prevented in the approach. As spring elements are preferably used in addition to conventional Stahlfedem or the like. Plastic springs use. In order to adapt the device according to the invention to a wide variety of circumstances, in particular od to different landing bodies. The like. To determine, it is recommended that the retaining trees are formed longitudinally adjustable. The longitudinal adjustment can take place via the telescopic sliding device or else the retaining trees can be assembled in the longitudinal direction from a plurality of parts, in particular screwed together or the like., Formed.

In order to absorb not only tensile and compressive forces damped or cushioned, but also to be able to remove laterally acting on the ship forces, it is recommended that the recording in the fitting or the counterpart to the associated mooring around the at least approximately vertical axis is mounted torsionally spring and the torsion spring optionally heard a torsional vibration damper. In the simplest case, the torsional suspension is taken over by an elastomer or the like, which also acts as a damper. If the floating body can be fastened equally flawlessly to a wide variety of landing bodies, it is possible to determine the fittings acting as coupling elements on the respective mooring devices via intermediate pieces acting on the fittings on the one hand and on the mooring machines on the other hand. Thus, a wide variety of intermediate pieces or universal spacers are preferably provided for various mooring devices such as bollards, retaining rings, cleats or the like.

To set the spacers to cleats arise particularly simple conditions when the spacers are formed cross-shaped. One leg of the cross is at one end, preferably articulated mounted on the support tree and can be used with its other end in a central recess of the cleat. The other leg forms a lateral stop for the cleat, preferably has a length corresponding to the length of the cleat and can be fixed to the cleat with a rope looped around the cleat in the usual way. However, there is also the possibility of land or float body side provide a ball coupling, for example, one at one end the holding tree associated coupling socket or ball and land or floating body side includes the corresponding counterpart. Functionally, this ball coupling can be designed like a motor vehicle trailer hitch.

In order to ensure that the currently not required holding tree does not become a hindrance or danger to ships or to avoid damage when putting on and off, it is recommended if at least one fitting per holding tree to the at least approximately horizontal axis against the force a spring between a coupling position and a rest position is pivotally adjustable, what an acting as a tendon, one end on the fitting and the other end in the holding tree attacking, rope is provided. Particularly simple and less susceptible to wear design conditions arise when the holding tree is pivotally adjustable by the rope under bias of a spring provided in the tree, preferably a rubber-elastic plastic block, between the clutch position and the rest position. If, for example, the shore-side fitting on this lifting device for the support tree, so this can swing up after a release of floating body with appropriate dimensioning of the spring to the at least approximately horizontal axis from the mounting position to its rest position.

In the case of stronger swell or wind, the retaining trees can be additionally covered with trussed ropes arranged, for which it is advisable to provide the holding trees corresponding eyelets. If necessary, the holding trees sibling brining lines would be equipped with appropriate bias to support the support trees, the jumping lines should have a working strain of <1%.

Short description of the drawing

Fig. 1

einen mit einer erfindungsgemäßen Vorrichtung an einem Landungskörper festgelegten Schwimmkörper in Draufsicht,

Fig. 2

den Haltebaum aus Fig. 1 in Draufsicht und vergrößertem Maßstab und

Fig. 3

den am Schwimmkörper befestigten Haltebaum aus Fig. 2 in nochmals vergrößertem Maßstab,

Fig. 4

u. 5 einen erfindungsgemäßen Haltebaum in teilgeschnittener Seitenansicht,

Fig. 6

u. 7 eine Konstruktionsvariante für einen Befestigungsbeschlag in Seitenansicht und in Draufsicht,

Fig. 8

u. 9 einen Befestigungsbeschlag mit einer Hubeinrichtung und mit sich in Ruhelage bzw. Befestigungslage befindlichen Haltebaum,

Fig. 10

die erfindungsgemäße Vorrichtung mit zusätzlicher Seilabspannung in Draufsicht und

Fig. 11

ein Zwischenstück zum Befestigen des Halterbaumes an einer Klampe.

In the drawing, the invention is illustrated schematically using an exemplary embodiment. Show it:

Fig. 1

a fixed with a device according to the invention on a landing body floats in plan view,

Fig. 2

the holding tree off Fig. 1 in plan view and enlarged scale and

Fig. 3

the attached to the float holding tree Fig. 2 on an even larger scale,

Fig. 4

u. 5 shows a holding tree according to the invention in a partially sectioned side view,

Fig. 6

u. 7 a design variant for a fastening fitting in side view and in plan view,

Fig. 8

u. 9 a fastening fitting with a lifting device and in a rest position or mounting position retaining tree,

Fig. 10

the inventive device with additional Seilabspannung in plan view and

Fig. 11

an intermediate piece for attaching the holder tree to a cleat.

Way to carry out the invention

A device for fixing floating bodies 1, in the illustrated embodiment a boat, on a landing body 2 comprises two at one end on the floating body 1 and on the other on the landing body 2 by means of In the illustrated embodiment, the land-side mooring devices 4 are in particular bollards or the like embedded in the harbor jetty as coupling elements acting on fittings 3 on respective mooring devices 4. In addition, the floating body 1 is secured to the bow with a bow anchor 6 or with a mooring or the like.

In order to comply with the float 1 in a simple manner a constant distance to the landing body 2 and to ensure a secure setting of the floating body 1, wherein the float 1 is securely fixed even if loose anchor 6, it is proposed according to the invention that the retaining trees 5 at least one end, namely on the floating body 1, about an at least approximately vertical axis 7 with the fitting 3 rotatably or drehfedernd are fixed to the associated mooring 4. As a mooring on the float body 1 turn bollard or on the float 1 existing winches or the like. Provided. If the winches are lockable with respect to their rotational position or equipped with brakes, a rotationally fixed or rotationally resilient support of the retaining trees on the mooring device is ensured in a particularly simple manner. For application, it may be advantageous if only one of the two support trees 5 rotatably, the other is designed to be freely rotatable. This allows the tree distance to adapt to different boat widths. After fixing the boat then this free-rotating support tree 5 can be placed rotatably, for example by clamping, with a spur or the like.

In order to be able to compensate for corresponding shaft movements or a tidal lift advantageously, the fittings 3 engage at least approximately horizontally and mutually parallel axes 8 freely pivotable on the support trees 5. In addition, the retaining trees 5 are formed telescopically and belong to them in the displacement direction tensile and compressive forces receiving springs 9.

In the illustrated embodiment, the fitting 3 engages the non-rotatable support of the retaining tree 5 on the float 1 with a receptacle 10 with splined inner profile in a corresponding counterpart, a bollard with splined outer profile. In order to ensure that the receptacle 10 in the fitting 3 relative to the mooring mooring device 4 is supported for rotation about the at least approximately vertical axis 7, a plastic spring 11 made of rubber or the like is provided between the fitting 3 and the receptacle 10. The angle α of the retaining trees 5 with respect to the floating body 1 and landing body 2 can be adjusted in a simple manner by different placement of the receptacles 10 on the spline. It goes without saying that the receptacle should be secured in the respective position. Likewise, the receptacle could ensure a rotationally fixed support of the retaining tree with respect to the ship by means of a suitable brake, clamp or the like.

In order to be easier to handle, the retaining trees 5 may be formed in several parts in their longitudinal direction ( Fig. 4 u. 5). As a coupling 12, a conical connection is particularly advantageous because of their stability, which ensures by means of an eccentric pin 13 for a mutual securing of the two holding tree parts to each other. To secure and release the connection of the eccentric pin 13 inserted into its receptacle is rotated in each case by 180 ° about its pin longitudinal axis and optionally secured in its rotational position.

To prevent rotation of the fitting 3 on a mooring device 5 is not necessarily a "radial" toothing ( Fig. 1 to 3 ), but there is also the possibility of an "axial" toothing 14, as shown in the 6 and 7 is shown. The fitting is determined in this case, for example by means of a bore 15 by cross-clamping device, such as a screw, with respect to its rotational position on the mooring device 5. If the fitting 3 to a variety of mooring devices 5, such as rings, bollards, guitars od. Like. Equally equally can be fixed properly, the fixing of the fittings 3 to the respective mooring 5 on the one hand the fittings 3 and on the other hand on the mooring devices 5 intervening pieces 16 take place, for which 3 corresponding mounting options are provided on the fitting.

In the 10 and 11 Cross-shaped intermediate pieces 16 are provided which engage with a leg of the cross on the holding tree 5 and project through a central recess 17 of a cleat 18 and abut laterally against the cleat 18 with the other leg. This cruciform intermediate piece 16 is fixed to the cleat 18 with a cable 19, which is looped in the usual way both around the cleat 18 and around the leg adjacent thereto, only indicated in the drawing. In the case of stronger swell or wind, the support trees 5 can be additionally tensioned with trussed ropes 20, including 5 corresponding eyelets 21 are provided on the support trees. An optionally additionally provided mooring, jumping lines 22, would be equipped with appropriate pretensioning in order to support the holding trees 5. These spray lines 22 preferably have an elongation at work of <1%. This working strain can also be higher with corresponding damper paths in the support trees 5.

In order to ensure that the currently not required holding tree 5 does not become a hindrance or danger to ships or to avoid damage when putting on and taking off, it is recommended that at least one fitting 3 per holding tree 5 to the at least approximately horizontal axis 8 against the force of a spring 23 between a coupling position ( Fig. 9 ) and a rest position ( Fig. 8 ) is pivotally adjustable, for which purpose a rope acting as a tendon, at one end on the fitting 3 and the other in the holding tree 5 attacking, rope 24 is provided.

Particularly simple and less susceptible to wear design conditions arise when the holding tree 5 by the cable 24 under bias of a provided in the holding tree 5 spring 23, preferably one rubber-elastic plastic block, between the coupling layer ( Fig. 9 ) and the rest position ( Fig. 8 ) is pivotally adjustable.

If, for example, the shore-side fitting 3 lifts this lifting device for the holding tree 5, it can swivel out of the fastening position into its rest position after the floating body 1 has been detached, given a corresponding dimensioning of the spring 23 about the at least approximately horizontal axis 8.

Claims (14)

1. Apparatus for fixing floating bodies (1), in particular boats, to a landing body (2) with at least two holding booms (5) which are fixed to respective moorings (4) by means of fittings (3) functioning as coupling elements, in each case at one end on the floating body (1) and at the other end on the landing body (2), wherein at least one of the holding booms (5) is fixed, at least at one end, to the respective mooring by the fitting (3) functioning as a coupling element so as to be rotationally fixed about an at least approximately vertical axis (7) with an adjustable and fixable angular offset (α), that the fittings (3) functioning as coupling elements act on the holding booms (5) so as to be adjustable to pivot freely about at least approximately horizontal axes (8), characterised in that at least one fitting (3) per holding boom (5) is adjustable so as to pivot between a coupling position and a rest position about an at least approximately horizontal axis against the force of a spring.
2. Apparatus as claimed in claim 1, characterised in that the holding booms (5) are formed telescopically and have, in the direction of displacement, springs (9) which absorb tensile and compressive forces.
3. Apparatus as claimed in claim 2, characterised in that a displacement damper appertains to the holding booms (5).
4. Apparatus as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 3, characterised in that the holding booms (5) are formed so as to be longitudinally adjustable.
5. Apparatus as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 4, characterised in that the fitting (3) functioning as a coupling element has a receptacle (10) which engages in a positive-locking manner into a corresponding counter piece.
6. Apparatus as claimed in claim 5, characterised in that the receptacle is mounted in the fitting (3) or the counter piece is mounted with respect to the associated mooring (4) so as to be rotationally resilient about the at least approximately vertical axis (7).
7. Apparatus as claimed in claim 6, characterised in that a torsional vibration damper appertains to a torsion spring (11).
8. Apparatus as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 7, characterised in that the fittings (3) are fixed to the respective moorings (4) via intermediate pieces (16) acting, on the one hand, on the fittings (3) and acting, on the other hand, on the moorings (4).
9. Apparatus as claimed in claim 8, characterised in that the intermediate piece (16) is formed in a crosswise manner.
10. Apparatus as claimed in claim 8, characterised in that the intermediate piece (16) provided on one side of the holding boom is a ball coupling.
11. Apparatus as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 10, characterised in that at least one fitting (3) per holding boom (5) is adjustable so as to pivot between a coupling position and a rest position about the at least approximately horizontal axis (8) against the force of a spring (23), for which purpose a rope (24) is provided which functions as a cord and acts at one end on the fitting (3) and at the other end in the holding boom (5).
12. Apparatus as claimed in claim 11, characterised in that the holding boom (5) is adjustable so as to pivot between the coupling position and the rest position by means of the rope (24) with prestressing of a spring (23) provided in the holding boom (5), preferably a rubber-elastic synthetic material block.
13. Apparatus as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 12, characterised in that the holding booms (5) are stayed in the manner of a latticed framework using ropes (20), which act on eyelets (21) allocated to the holding booms (5).
14. Apparatus as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 13, characterised in that spring lines (22) are arranged next to the holding booms (5).

Images