EP2173507B1 - Method and device for producing a tubular solid body from a refractory tungsten-heavy metal alloy, particularly as a semi-finished product for the production of a penetrator for a kinetic energy projectile with fragmentation effect - Google Patents

Method and device for producing a tubular solid body from a refractory tungsten-heavy metal alloy, particularly as a semi-finished product for the production of a penetrator for a kinetic energy projectile with fragmentation effect Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2173507B1
EP2173507B1 EP08784808.1A EP08784808A EP2173507B1 EP 2173507 B1 EP2173507 B1 EP 2173507B1 EP 08784808 A EP08784808 A EP 08784808A EP 2173507 B1 EP2173507 B1 EP 2173507B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
filling
tube
filler piece
extrusion die
metal powder
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EP08784808.1A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP2173507A1 (en
Inventor
Klaus-Dieter Beister
René OUDELHOVEN
Michael Vagedes
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Rheinmetall Waffe Munition GmbH
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Rheinmetall Waffe Munition GmbH
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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
    • F42B—EXPLOSIVE CHARGES, e.g. FOR BLASTING, FIREWORKS, AMMUNITION
    • F42B33/00—Manufacture of ammunition; Dismantling of ammunition; Apparatus therefor
    • F42B33/02—Filling cartridges, missiles, or fuzes; Inserting propellant or explosive charges
    • F42B33/0214—Filling cartridges, missiles, or fuzes; Inserting propellant or explosive charges by casting
    • F42B33/0242—Filling cartridges, missiles, or fuzes; Inserting propellant or explosive charges by casting by pressure casting
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F3/00—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces
    • B22F3/10—Sintering only
    • B22F3/1035—Liquid phase sintering
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F3/00—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces
    • B22F3/24—After-treatment of workpieces or articles
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F5/00—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the special shape of the product
    • B22F5/10—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the special shape of the product of articles with cavities or holes, not otherwise provided for in the preceding subgroups
    • B22F5/106—Tube or ring forms
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C1/00—Making non-ferrous alloys
    • C22C1/04—Making non-ferrous alloys by powder metallurgy
    • C22C1/045—Alloys based on refractory metals
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
    • F42B—EXPLOSIVE CHARGES, e.g. FOR BLASTING, FIREWORKS, AMMUNITION
    • F42B12/00—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material
    • F42B12/02—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material characterised by the warhead or the intended effect
    • F42B12/20—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material characterised by the warhead or the intended effect of high-explosive type
    • F42B12/22—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material characterised by the warhead or the intended effect of high-explosive type with fragmentation-hull construction
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F2998/00—Supplementary information concerning processes or compositions relating to powder metallurgy
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F2999/00—Aspects linked to processes or compositions used in powder metallurgy

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method and an apparatus for producing a rohrformige penetrator for a balancing projectile with splinter effect.
  • the US 2005/0006825 A1 relates to a process for the production of a molded green body or of inserts during hardening of the green body.
  • This ceramic powder is pressed in an isostatic pressing device to a green compact.
  • the Pressvorrich. tion consists in turn of a metal tube which is closed by a detachably arranged upper lid, wherein a part of the lid engages in a flexible tube which is inserted in a tubular sealing rubber.
  • the sealing rubber stores the flexible tube in the center of the metal tube.
  • the metal tube has an opening at the side for the pressure inlet. From below, the metal tube is provided with a hole possessing metal lid. Through this lower lid, the ceramic powder located in Matrizen is introduced into the device and this closed. Then the flexible tube is pressed against the dies and the latter against the powdered ceramic via the lateral pressure inlet.
  • the pressing process takes place hydrostatically.
  • the JP 2004114139 A discloses a device for kafthydrostatik pressing for the production of a molding with a number of holes with completely uniform Puderdlchte.
  • the device comprises an elastic frame as well as an upper and a lower lid for closing the upper and lower open sections, as well as a number of metallic inserts.
  • WSM tungsten heavy metal
  • tubular penetrators are used for special ammunition, such as PELE, ALP or WSM explosive projectile. These are to avoid possible collateral damage of a penetrator, for example, when penetrating a wall or the like.
  • penetrators are previously made of solid rods, which are subsequently processed by deep hole drilling, so as to be hollowed out or pierced. This process is technically very complicated and not economical.
  • a method for producing such a Vollpenetrators is for example from the DE 10 2005 049 748 A1 known.
  • For cost-effective production of such a penetrator is introduced into a, adapted to the outer dimensions of the penetrator concentric with the dimension of the Penetratorkems Doppeltrichterein colllvorraum, creating a gap is created.
  • a first tungsten-like powder mixture with high tungsten content is filled in the inner tube to produce the penetrator core
  • a second tungsten-containing powder mixture is introduced into the annular space, which has a lower tungsten content than the other powder mixture.
  • a powder mixture is pressed into a pressed body, the body is then sintered.
  • a further step is then carried out the cold forming of the compact and the finishing of the Penetratorrohlings.
  • the GB 2 165 483 A describes an apparatus and method for producing a pressed tubular body having a groove on its outer surface.
  • the body is formed by isostatic pressing of particulate material in an elastic mold which is closed at one end by means of a mold closure and core support member. This produces ceramic insulators.
  • the invention addresses the problem of demonstrating a cost-effective method and a device for carrying out this method for the production of penetrators for balancing projectiles with splintering effect.
  • the invention is based on the idea to produce such pipes or tubular penetrators, in which both ends can be open or closed, in the sintering process without reworking the inner contour.
  • Sintering is done with an internal medium in the blank, which can be easily removed after sintering.
  • the material properties are set by the alloy composition and characterized by heat treatment and, if necessary, mechanical deformation.
  • the method can be used for small bars for mid caliber ammunition (eg outside ⁇ 22mm, inside ⁇ 15mm), as subcaliber big bullet ammunition and for big bars for full caliber ammunition 120mm (eg outside ⁇ 20mm, inside ⁇ 110mm).
  • the material is a tungsten heavy metal alloy.
  • Length and diameter are variable and are currently not limited by the process itself, but rather by conventional manufacturing equipment. But this has the advantage that existing manufacturing equipment can be used.
  • a filling device consisting of an outer tube with a concentrically arranged pressing die and a filling piece with attached filling tube and centering part, is filled with a metal powder plaster.
  • the length and diameter of the outer tube and the pressing die determine the outer contour, and the geometry of the case determines the inner contour of the tubular solid.
  • a plastic centering is attached to one end and at the other end, the centering takes place via a plugged centering with firmly connected thereto filling tube.
  • a filling of the cavity zwisehen Press die and filler with a metal powder mixture is made possible through the filling tube.
  • the centering part together with the filling tube is removed from the filling piece.
  • the metal powder mixture is refilled by hand to the desired height above the filler after removing centering and filling tube.
  • the press die is closed with a stopper.
  • the filling device For compacting the metal powder, the filling device is placed in a press plant and pressed into a green compact. This has, depending on the structure of the filling device, after removal from this, the shape of a unilaterally fugitive or open on both sides of the tube.
  • the green compact is sintered in one or more passes, whereby known dimensions are produced from the compact workpieces with solid properties.
  • tubes are produced for producing penetrators with very good fragmentation, which can be adjusted by the ratio of inner to outer diameter and the corresponding material or material composition.
  • Fig. 1a . b show a filling device or mold 1 for producing a tubular, here closed on one side solid 10, (see. Fig. 2 ).
  • the filling device Fig. 1 a consists of an outer tube 2 (preferably made of steel), in which bores are located on the mantle and bottom surface at regular intervals.
  • a pressing die 3 preferably made of PU
  • a filler 4 preferably made of metal
  • a filling tube 5 attached to the outer tube 2 .
  • the concentricity of the filler 4 is ensured by a centering disc 6 (preferably made of PU) at the lower end and plugged on the filler centering part 7 of the filling tube 5 at the upper end. Centering 7 and filling tube 5 are firmly connected. It is filled in between a press die 3 and 4 filling spacer space 8.
  • the filling device Fig. 1b placed in a hydrostatic pressing system (not shown in detail, as known) and at a pressure of about 1500 bar, the metal powder mixture is pressed into a green compact. This has after removal from the filling device Fig. 1b the shape of a unilaterally sealed tube and can be handled without breaking.
  • the pressed tubes are then sintered in one or more passes in an oven (pre-sintering at a temperature between 1400 ° C and 1490 ° C, resintering at a temperature between 1495 ° C and 1570 ° C), so that from the compact workpieces with solid properties getting produced.
  • pre-sintering at a temperature between 1400 ° C and 1490 ° C, resintering at a temperature between 1495 ° C and 1570 ° C
  • the pressed tubes during pre-and Vietnamese sintem a preselected time-temperature curve, it being ensured that forms in a stable tungsten skeleton, a melt of tungsten and the remaining binder elements and evenly dwindles in all directions, so that after the Nachsintem a geometric desired solid arises, such as in Fig. 2 demonstrated.
  • the solids are subjected to a heat treatment after the sintering.
  • a heat treatment after the sintering.
  • eg tensile strength, elongation at break and constriction can be adjusted.
  • This is preferably carried out in an annealing process, in which the annealing in a high vacuum below the melting temperature of the binder leads to a phase transformation, which leads to the subsequent quenching, for example in N 2 for fixing the material state and thus the material properties.
  • Fig. 2 is a tubular Festköper for producing an ammunition not shown (for example, a balancing projectile projectile) shown, which has been prepared by the method described above and the adjusted solid state properties having.
  • This has L g a predetermined total length and L v a length of the solid body and has an inner diameter d i and an outer diameter d a .

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Powder Metallurgy (AREA)

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren und eine Vorrichtung zur Herstellung eines rohrformige Penetrators für ein Wuchtgeschoss mit Splitterwirkung.The invention relates to a method and an apparatus for producing a rohrformige penetrator for a balancing projectile with splinter effect.

Aus der DE 38 21 474 C1 Ist ein unterkalibriges, drallstabillsiertes Mehrzweckgeschoss bekannt, das aus einem flüsslgphasengesinterten Sehwermetall-Sinterwerkstoff aus im Wesentlichen metallischem Wolframpulver mit Zusätzen von Kobalt und Nickel. Aus diesen wird ein Geschossrohling geformt und flüssigphasengesintert wurde. Der gesinterte Geschossrohling kann dann ohne weitere thermisch und / oder mechanische Zusatzbehandlungen auf seine Endabmessung bearbeitet werden. Zur Verbesserung der Bearbeitbarkeit kann vorher noch ein Lösungsglühen vorgenommen werden. Nach der Fertlgbearbehung des Geschosskörpers erfolgt das abschließende Versprödungeglühen, vorzugsweise unter Vakuum.From the DE 38 21 474 C1 Is a sub-caliber, swirl-stabilized multi-purpose projectile, which consists of a liquid phase sintered Sehwermetall sintered material of substantially metallic tungsten powder with additions of cobalt and nickel. From these, a bullet blank is molded and liquid phase sintered. The sintered bullet blank can then be processed to its final dimension without further thermal and / or mechanical additional treatments. To improve the workability, a solution annealing can be done beforehand. After Fertlgbearbehung the projectile body is the final embrittlement annealing, preferably under vacuum.

Die US 2005/0006825 A1 betrifft ein Verfahren zur Herstellung eines ausgeformten Grünlings bzw. Rohlings sowie von Einlagen beim Härten des Grünlings. Dabei wird keramisches Puder in einer isostatischen Pressvorrichtung zu einem Grünling gepresst. Die Pressvorrich. tung besteht ihrerseits aus einem Metallrohr, das durch einen lösbar angeordneten oberen Deckel geschlossen Ist, wobei ein Teil des Deckels In ein flexibles Rohr eingreift, das in einem rohrförmigen Dichtungsgummi eingebracht Ist. Das Dichtungegummi lagert dabei das flexible Rohr mittig im Metallrohr. Das Metallrohr weist seitlich eine Offnung für den Druckeinlass auf. Von unten Ist das Metallrohr mit einem eine Bohrung besitzenden Metalldeckel versehen. Durch diesen unteren Deckel wird das in Matrizen befindliche Keramikpulver in die Vorrichtung elngeführt und diese dabei verschlossen. Über den seitlichen Druckelnlass wird dann das flexible Rohr gegen die Matrizen und diese gegen die pulverförmige Keramik gedrückt. Das Pressverfahren läuft dabei hydrostatisch ab.The US 2005/0006825 A1 relates to a process for the production of a molded green body or of inserts during hardening of the green body. This ceramic powder is pressed in an isostatic pressing device to a green compact. The Pressvorrich. tion consists in turn of a metal tube which is closed by a detachably arranged upper lid, wherein a part of the lid engages in a flexible tube which is inserted in a tubular sealing rubber. The sealing rubber stores the flexible tube in the center of the metal tube. The metal tube has an opening at the side for the pressure inlet. From below, the metal tube is provided with a hole possessing metal lid. Through this lower lid, the ceramic powder located in Matrizen is introduced into the device and this closed. Then the flexible tube is pressed against the dies and the latter against the powdered ceramic via the lateral pressure inlet. The pressing process takes place hydrostatically.

Die JP 2004114139 A offenbart eine Vorrichtung für kafthydrostatisches Pressen zur Herstellung eines Formteils mit einer Anzahl von Löchern mit gänzlich einheitlicher Puderdlchte. Die Vorrichtung umfasst ein elastisches Gestell sowie einen oberen und einen unteren Deckel zum Abschließen der oberen und unteren offenen Abschnitte, sowie eine Anzahl metallischer Einlagen.The JP 2004114139 A discloses a device for kafthydrostatik pressing for the production of a molding with a number of holes with completely uniform Puderdlchte. The device comprises an elastic frame as well as an upper and a lower lid for closing the upper and lower open sections, as well as a number of metallic inserts.

Der DE 41 24 198 A1 ist ein Verfahren zur Herstellung von Sinterformtellen entnehmbar, bei dem ein Pulverwerkstoff kaltisostatisches Pressen in einer unter der Wirkung eines Druckmediums schrumpfenden Pressform zu einem Grünling verdichtet und dieser anschließend gesindert wird. Hierbei wird das kaltisostatische Pressverfahren In formstelfen, nur einmal verwendbaren Pressformen aus geschäumten Kunststoffen durchgeführt. Je nach Größe und Geometrie des Sinterform- Rohlings wird die einmal verwendbare Pressform zwei- oder mehrteilig gefertigt. In die Pressform kannten massive Formkerne eingelegt werden, welche die Herstellung Innen hohler Sinterform- Rohrtelle erlauben. Die Pressform selbst kann vor dem Sintern vom Grünling abgenommen werden. Alternativ ist vorgesehen, dass Pressform und Grünling zusammen gesintert werden.Of the DE 41 24 198 A1 discloses a method for the production of sintered molds, in which a powder material compresses cold isostatic pressing in a shrinking under the action of a pressure medium mold to a green compact and this is then reduced. In this case, the cold isostatic pressing process is carried out in molded, only once usable molds made of foamed plastics. Depending on the size and geometry of the sintered blank, the single-use mold is manufactured in two or more parts. In the press mold knew massive cores are inserted, which allow the production inside hollow Sinterform- Rohrtelle. The mold itself can be removed from the green body before sintering. Alternatively, it is provided that the mold and green compact are sintered together.

Bekannt sind Wuchtgeschosse mit einem massiven Penetrator aus WSM (Wolfram Schwermetall). Diese so genannten KE- Penetratoren sind auf eine maximale Eindringtiefe an Panzerzlelen optimiert und dienen zur Bekämpfung gegnerischer Kampfpanzer.Balancing bullets with a massive penetrator made of WSM (tungsten heavy metal) are known. These so-called KE penetrators are optimized for a maximum penetration depth on armored units and serve to combat enemy battle tanks.

Für spezielle Munition, wie beispielsweise PELE, ALP oder WSM- Sprenggeschoss werden, bedingt durch die neuen Anforderungen an diese Munitionen, rohrförmige Penetratoren verwendet. Diese sollen möglich Kolateralschäden eines Penetrators beispielsweise beim Durchdringen einer Mauer oder dergleichen vermeiden, Derartige Penetratoren werden bisher aus Vollstäben hergestellt, die durch Tieflochbohren nachträglich bearbeitet werden, um so ausgehöhlt oder durchbohrt zu werden. Dieses Verfahren ist technisch sehr aufwändig und nicht wirtschaftlich.For special ammunition, such as PELE, ALP or WSM explosive projectile, due to the new requirements for these ammunition, tubular penetrators are used. These are to avoid possible collateral damage of a penetrator, for example, when penetrating a wall or the like, Such penetrators are previously made of solid rods, which are subsequently processed by deep hole drilling, so as to be hollowed out or pierced. This process is technically very complicated and not economical.

Ein Verfahren zur Herstellung eines derartigen Vollpenetrators ist beispielsweise aus der DE 10 2005 049 748 A1 bekannt. Zur kostengünstlgen Herstellung eines derartigen Penetrators wird in eine, an die Außenabmessungen des Penetrators konzentrisch an die Abmessung des Penetratorkems angepasste Doppeltrichtereinfüllvorrichtung eingebracht, wodurch ein Zwischenraum geschaffen wird. Während In dem Innenrohr eine erste wolframartige Pulvermischung mit hohem Wolframanteil zur Herstellung des Penetratorkerns eingefüllt wird, wird In den ringformigen Zwischenraum eine zweite wolframhaltige Pulvermischung eingebracht, die gegenüber der anderen Pulvermischung einen geringeren Wolframanteil aufweiset. Dabei wird eine Pulvermischung zu einem Presskörper gepresst, der Körper danach gesintert. In einem weiteren Schritt erfolgen dann das Kaltumformen des Presskörpers und die Endbearbeitung des Penetratorrohlings.A method for producing such a Vollpenetrators is for example from the DE 10 2005 049 748 A1 known. For cost-effective production of such a penetrator is introduced into a, adapted to the outer dimensions of the penetrator concentric with the dimension of the Penetratorkems Doppeltrichtereinfüllvorrichtung, creating a gap is created. While a first tungsten-like powder mixture with high tungsten content is filled in the inner tube to produce the penetrator core, a second tungsten-containing powder mixture is introduced into the annular space, which has a lower tungsten content than the other powder mixture. In this case, a powder mixture is pressed into a pressed body, the body is then sintered. In a further step is then carried out the cold forming of the compact and the finishing of the Penetratorrohlings.

Die GB 2 165 483 A beschreibt eine Vorrichtung und ein Verfahren zur Herstellung eines gepressten rohrförmigen Körpers, der eine Nut an seiner Außenfläche hat. Der Körper wird durch isostatisches Pressen von tellchenförmigem Material in einer elastischen Form geformt, die an einem Ende mit Hilfe eines Formverschluss- und Kernhalteelements verschlossen ist. Hergestellt werden damit Keramikisolatoren.The GB 2 165 483 A describes an apparatus and method for producing a pressed tubular body having a groove on its outer surface. The body is formed by isostatic pressing of particulate material in an elastic mold which is closed at one end by means of a mold closure and core support member. This produces ceramic insulators.

Hier greift die Erfindung die Aufgabe auf, ein kostengünstlgeres Verfahren und eine Vorrichtung zur Durchführung dieses Verfahrens zur Herstellung von Penetratoren für Wuchtgeschosse mit Splitterwirkung aufzuzeigen.Here, the invention addresses the problem of demonstrating a cost-effective method and a device for carrying out this method for the production of penetrators for balancing projectiles with splintering effect.

Gelöst wird die Aufgabe durch die Merkmale des Patentanspruchs 1 bzw. 11. Vorteilhafte Ausführungen sind in den Unteransprüchen enthalten.The problem is solved by the features of claim 1 or 11. Advantageous embodiments are contained in the subclaims.

Der Erfindung liegt die Idee zugrunde, derartige Rohre oder rohrförmige Penetratoren, bei denen beide Enden offen oder auch eines geschlossen sein können, im Sinterverfahren ohne Nacharbeit der Innenkontur herzustellen. Gesintert wird mit einem Innenmedium im Rohling, der nach dem Sintern leicht entfernt werden kann. Ein gleichmäßiges Schwingen wird, wie bei Vollstäben bekannt, durch entsprechende Pressverfahren und Temperaturverläufe beim Sintern erreicht. Die Werkstoffeigenschaften werden durch die Legierungszusammensetzung eingestellt und durch Wärmebehandlung sowie ggf, mechanlsches Umformen geprägt.The invention is based on the idea to produce such pipes or tubular penetrators, in which both ends can be open or closed, in the sintering process without reworking the inner contour. Sintering is done with an internal medium in the blank, which can be easily removed after sintering. A uniform swinging, as known in solid bars, achieved by appropriate pressing process and temperature characteristics during sintering. The material properties are set by the alloy composition and characterized by heat treatment and, if necessary, mechanical deformation.

Das Verfahren ist einsetzbar für kleine Stäbe für Mittelkallbermunition (z. B. Außen ∅ 22mm, Innen ∅ 15 mm), als unterkalibrige Großkallbermunition und für große Stäbe für Vollkalibermunition 120mm (zB. Außen ∅ 20mm, Innen ∅ 110mm). Der Werkstoff Ist eine Wolfram-Schwermetall - Legierung.The method can be used for small bars for mid caliber ammunition (eg outside ∅ 22mm, inside ∅ 15mm), as subcaliber big bullet ammunition and for big bars for full caliber ammunition 120mm (eg outside ∅ 20mm, inside ∅ 110mm). The material is a tungsten heavy metal alloy.

Länge und Durchmesser sind variabel und werden derzeit nicht durch das Verfahren selbst, sondern vielmehr durch die herkömmlichen Fertigungsanlagen begrenzt. Das hat aber den Vorteil, dass vorhandene Fertigungsanlagen verwendet werden können.Length and diameter are variable and are currently not limited by the process itself, but rather by conventional manufacturing equipment. But this has the advantage that existing manufacturing equipment can be used.

Zur Herstellung eines solchen rohrförmigen Festkörpers wird eine Einfüllvorrichtung, bestehend aus einem Außenrohr mit konzentrisch angeordneter Pressmatrize sowie ein Füllstück mit aufgestecktem Füllrohr und Zentrierteil, mit einem Metaltpulvergemlech befollt.To produce such a tubular solid, a filling device consisting of an outer tube with a concentrically arranged pressing die and a filling piece with attached filling tube and centering part, is filled with a metal powder plaster.

Länge und Durchmesser von Außenrohr und Pressmatrize bestimmen dle Außenkontur und die Geometrie des Fallstücka bestimmt die Innenkontur des rohrförmigen Festkörpers,The length and diameter of the outer tube and the pressing die determine the outer contour, and the geometry of the case determines the inner contour of the tubular solid.

Zum Zentrieren des Füllstücks in der Pressmatrize ist an einem Ende eine Zentrierscheibe aus Kunststoff befestigt und am anderen Ende findet die Zentrierung über ein aufgestecktes Zentrierteil mit daran fest verbundenem Füllrohr statt. Eine Befüllung des Hohlraumes zwisehen Pressmatrize und Füllstück mit einer Metallpulvermischung wird über das Füllrohr ermöglicht. Nach dem Befüllen der Einfüllvorrichtung bis zur Oberkante des Füllstücks wird das Zentrierteil samt Füllrohr vom Füllstück entfernt. Zur Herstellung von rohrförmigen Festkörpern mit einem verschlossenen Ende wird nach dem Entfernen von Zentrierteil und Füllrohr die Metallpulvermischung von Hand bis zu der gewünschten Höhe oberhalb des Füllstücks nachgefüllt. Nach dem Befüllen wird die Pressmatrize mit einem Stopfen verschlossen.For centering the filler in the press die a plastic centering is attached to one end and at the other end, the centering takes place via a plugged centering with firmly connected thereto filling tube. A filling of the cavity zwisehen Press die and filler with a metal powder mixture is made possible through the filling tube. After filling the filling device to the upper edge of the filling piece, the centering part together with the filling tube is removed from the filling piece. For the production of tubular solids with a closed end, the metal powder mixture is refilled by hand to the desired height above the filler after removing centering and filling tube. After filling, the press die is closed with a stopper.

Zum Verdichten des Metallpulvers wird die Einfüllvorrichtung in einer Pressanlage platziert und zu einem Grünling gepresst. Dieser hat, je nach Aufbau der Einfüllvorrichtung, nach Entnahme aus dieser, die Form eines einseitig verschossenen oder beidseitig offenen Rohres.For compacting the metal powder, the filling device is placed in a press plant and pressed into a green compact. This has, depending on the structure of the filling device, after removal from this, the shape of a unilaterally fugitive or open on both sides of the tube.

Nach dem Pressen wird der Grünling in einem oder mehreren Durchgängen gesintert, wodurch bekannter Maßen aus dem Pressling Werkstücke mit Festkörpereigenschaften hergestellt werden. Geschaffen werden beispielsweise Rohre zur Herstellung von Penetratoren mit sehr guter Splitterwirkung, die über das Verhältnis von Innen- zum Außendurchmesser und den entsprechenden Werkstoff bzw. die Werkstoffzusammensetzung einstellbar ist.After pressing, the green compact is sintered in one or more passes, whereby known dimensions are produced from the compact workpieces with solid properties. For example, tubes are produced for producing penetrators with very good fragmentation, which can be adjusted by the ratio of inner to outer diameter and the corresponding material or material composition.

Anhand eines Ausführungsbeispiels mit Zeichnung soll die Erfindung näher erläutert werden.Reference to an embodiment with drawing, the invention will be explained in more detail.

Es zeigen

Fig. 1a
eine Einfüllvorrichtung im Befüllungszustand,
Fig. 1b
die Einfüllvorrichtung im befüllten (geschlossenen) Zustand,
Fig. 2
einen nach dem Verfahren hergestellten rohrförmigen Festkörper mit einseitig verschlossenem Ende.
Show it
Fig. 1a
a filling device in the filling state,
Fig. 1b
the filling device in the filled (closed) state,
Fig. 2
a tubular solid body produced by the method with one end closed at one end.

Fig. 1a, b zeigen eine Einfüllvorrichtung bzw. -form 1 zur Herstellung eines rohrförmigen, hier einseitig geschlossenen Festkörpers 10, (vgl. Fig. 2). Fig. 1a . b show a filling device or mold 1 for producing a tubular, here closed on one side solid 10, (see. Fig. 2 ).

Die Einfüllvorrichtung Fig. 1 a besteht aus einem Außenrohr 2 (bevorzugt aus Stahl), bei dem sich auf der Mantel- und Bodenfläche in regelmäßigen Abständen Bohrungen befinden. In diesem Außenrohr 2 sind konzentrisch angebracht eine Pressmatrize 3 (bevorzugt aus PU) ein Füllstück 4 (bevorzugt aus Metall) sowie ein Füllrohr 5 angebracht. Die Konzentrizität des Füllstücks 4 wird gewährleistet durch eine Zentrierscheibe 6 (bevorzugt aus PU) am unteren Ende und dem auf dem Füllstück aufgesteckten Zentrierteil 7 des Füllrohrs 5 am oberen Ende. Zentrierteil 7 und Füllrohr 5 sind fest miteinander verbunden. Befüllt wird dabei ein sich zwischen Pressmatrize 3 und Füllstück 4 ausbildender Zwischenraum 8. Nach dem Befüllen der Einfüllvorrichtung Fig. 1 a mit der Metallpulvermischung bis zum oberen Ende des Füllstücks 4 wird Zentrierteil 7 samt Füllrohr 5 vom Füllstück 4 entfernt und anschließend wird von Hand Metallpulvermischung nachgefüllt und die Pressmatrize mit einem Stopfen 9 verschlossen (Fig. 1 b).The filling device Fig. 1 a consists of an outer tube 2 (preferably made of steel), in which bores are located on the mantle and bottom surface at regular intervals. In this outer tube 2 are concentrically mounted a pressing die 3 (preferably made of PU) a filler 4 (preferably made of metal) and a filling tube 5 attached. The concentricity of the filler 4 is ensured by a centering disc 6 (preferably made of PU) at the lower end and plugged on the filler centering part 7 of the filling tube 5 at the upper end. Centering 7 and filling tube 5 are firmly connected. It is filled in between a press die 3 and 4 filling spacer space 8. After filling the filling device Fig. 1 a with the metal powder mixture to the upper end of the filler 4 centering 7 together with filling tube 5 is removed from the filler 4 and then refilled by hand metal powder mixture and the press die closed with a plug 9 ( Fig. 1 b) ,

Zum Verdichten des Metallpulvers wird die Einfüllvorrichtung Fig. 1b in einer hydrostatischen Pressanlage (nicht näher dargestellt, da bekannt) platziert und bei einem Druck von ca. 1500 bar wird die Metallpulvermischung zu einem Grünling gepresst. Dieser hat nach Entnahme aus der Einfüllvorrichtung Fig. 1b die Form eines einseitig verschlossenen Rohres und kann ohne zu zerbrechen gehändelt werden.For compacting the metal powder, the filling device Fig. 1b placed in a hydrostatic pressing system (not shown in detail, as known) and at a pressure of about 1500 bar, the metal powder mixture is pressed into a green compact. This has after removal from the filling device Fig. 1b the shape of a unilaterally sealed tube and can be handled without breaking.

Die gepressten Rohre werden anschließend in einem oder mehreren Durchgängen in einem Ofen gesintert (Vorsintem bei einer Temperatur zwischen 1400°C und 1490°C, Nachsintern bei einer Temperatur zwischen 1495°C und 1570°C), so dass aus dem Pressling Werkstücke mit Festkörpereigenschaften hergestellt werden. Dazu werden die gepressten Rohre beim Vor- und Nachsintem einem vorgewählten Zeit- Temperaturverlauf unterzogen, wobei sichergestellt wird, dass sich in einem stabilen Wolframskelett eine Schmelze aus Wolfram und den restlichen Binderelementen bildet und in allen Richtungen gleichmäßig schwindet, so dass nach dem Nachsintem ein geometrisch erwünschter Festkörper entsteht, wie beispielsweise in Fig. 2 aufgezeigt.The pressed tubes are then sintered in one or more passes in an oven (pre-sintering at a temperature between 1400 ° C and 1490 ° C, resintering at a temperature between 1495 ° C and 1570 ° C), so that from the compact workpieces with solid properties getting produced. For this purpose, the pressed tubes during pre-and Nachsintem a preselected time-temperature curve, it being ensured that forms in a stable tungsten skeleton, a melt of tungsten and the remaining binder elements and evenly dwindles in all directions, so that after the Nachsintem a geometric desired solid arises, such as in Fig. 2 demonstrated.

Um einen Werkstoff mit den geforderten Werkstoffeigenschaften zu erhalten, wird nach dem Nachsintem der Festkörper einer Wärmebehandlung unterzogen. Dadurch lassen sich z.B. Zugfestigkeit, Bruchdehnung und Einschnürung einstellen. Diese erfolgt bevorzugt in einem Glühverfahren, bei dem das Glühen im Hochvakuum unterhalb der Schmelztemperatur des Binders zu einer Phasenumwandlung führt, die beim anschließenden Abschrecken z.B. in N2 zur Fixierung des Werkstoffzustandes und somit der Werkstoffeigenschaften führt.To obtain a material with the required material properties, the solids are subjected to a heat treatment after the sintering. As a result, eg tensile strength, elongation at break and constriction can be adjusted. This is preferably carried out in an annealing process, in which the annealing in a high vacuum below the melting temperature of the binder leads to a phase transformation, which leads to the subsequent quenching, for example in N 2 for fixing the material state and thus the material properties.

In Fig. 2 ist ein rohrförmiger Festköper zur Herstellung einer nicht näher dargestellten Munition (beispielsweise ein Wuchtgeschoss mit Splitterbildung) aufgezeigt, welcher nach dem zuvor beschriebenen Verfahren hergestellt worden ist und die eingestellten Festkörpereigenschaften aufweist. Dieser besitzt mit Lg eine vorgebbare Gesamtlänge und mit Lv eine Länge des Vollkörpers und weist einem Innendurchmesser di und einem Außendurchmesser da auf.In Fig. 2 is a tubular Festköper for producing an ammunition not shown (for example, a balancing projectile projectile) shown, which has been prepared by the method described above and the adjusted solid state properties having. This has L g a predetermined total length and L v a length of the solid body and has an inner diameter d i and an outer diameter d a .

Claims (12)

  1. Method for producing a tubular penetrator for a kinetic energy projectile with a fragmentation effect, having the following steps:
    - a filling device, consisting of an outer tube (2) with an extrusion die (3) located therein as well as a filler piece (4), is filled with a metal powder mixture in an intermediate space (8), formed between the filler piece (4) and the extrusion die (3), and said space is then closed,
    - for compacting the metal powder, the filling device (1) is placed in a hydrostatic pressing system and the metal powder mixture is pressed to form a green preform,
    - the green preform is subsequently sintered in one or more passes through a furnace, for which purpose the green preform is subjected to a preselected time/temperature progression, so that it is ensured that a melt forms and contracts uniformly in all directions, so that after the sintering a geometrically desired solid body is obtained,
    - after the sintering, the solid body is subjected to a heat treatment, whereby the tensile strength and elongation at break can be set.
  2. Method according to Claim 1, characterized in that the heat treatment is preferably an annealing process, in which the annealing under a high vacuum below the melt temperature of the binder leads to a phase change.
  3. Method according to Claim 2, characterized in that, during the subsequent quenching, the state of the material, and consequently the properties of the material, are fixed.
  4. Method according to one of Claims 1 to 3, characterized in that, after the heat treatment, the solid body is subjected to a forging process, whereby the yield stress and tensile strength increase.
  5. Method according to one of Claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the filling of the filling device with the metal powder is performed by way of a filling tube (5), which is placed on the filler piece (4) and allows filling between the filler piece (4) and the extrusion die (3).
  6. Method according to one of Claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the filling tube (5) is removed after the filling of the filling device.
  7. Method according to Claim 6, characterized in that, after the removal of the filling tube (5) and centring part (7), the metal powder mixture is subsequently topped up manually to the desired level above the filler piece (4).
  8. Method according to one of Claims 1 to 7, characterized in that the closing of the intermediate space (8) is performed by a plug (9).
  9. Method according to one of Claims 1 to 8, characterized in that it concerns a tungsten heavy metal alloy with 80-98% by weight tungsten and at least one second component from the group Ti, V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Mo or any combination thereof.
  10. Method according to one of Claims 1 to 9, characterized in that the fragmentation effect of the penetrators can be set by way of the ratio of the inside diameter (di) to the outside diameter (da) and the corresponding material or material compositions.
  11. Filling device for producing a tubular penetrator for a kinetic energy projectile with a fragmentation effect for realizing the method according to one of Claims 1 to 10, comprising an outer tube (2), an extrusion die (3), attached concentrically in the outer tube (2), and a filler piece (4), whereby there forms between the extrusion die (3) and the filler piece (4) an intermediate space (8), which is filled with a metal powder mixture, characterized in that
    - a filling tube (5) for filling the intermediate space (8) is placed on the filler piece (4),
    - a centring disc (6) of plastic, preferably of PU, being attached to the lower end of the extrusion die (3) and a centring part (7) being fitted on the filler piece (4) at the upper end of the extrusion die (3), the centring part (7) and the filling tube (5) being fixedly connected to one another.
  12. Filling device according to Claim 11, characterized in that the outer tube (2) is a steel tube and the extrusion die (3) is a PU tube.
EP08784808.1A 2007-08-09 2008-07-16 Method and device for producing a tubular solid body from a refractory tungsten-heavy metal alloy, particularly as a semi-finished product for the production of a penetrator for a kinetic energy projectile with fragmentation effect Not-in-force EP2173507B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102007037702A DE102007037702A1 (en) 2007-08-09 2007-08-09 Method and apparatus for producing a tubular solid body from a high-melting tungsten-heavy metal alloy, in particular as a semi-finished product for the production of a penetrator for a balancing projectile with splinter effect
PCT/EP2008/005800 WO2009018902A1 (en) 2007-08-09 2008-07-16 Method and device for producing a tubular solid body from a refractory tungsten-heavy metal alloy, particularly as a semi-finished product for the production of a penetrator for a kinetic energy projectile with fragmentation effect

Publications (2)

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EP2173507A1 EP2173507A1 (en) 2010-04-14
EP2173507B1 true EP2173507B1 (en) 2014-02-26

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US (1) US20110176951A1 (en)
EP (1) EP2173507B1 (en)
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US11149343B2 (en) * 2015-05-28 2021-10-19 Materion Corporation Processes for refurbishing a spent sputtering target
DE102015117018A1 (en) 2015-10-06 2017-04-06 Rheinmetall Waffe Munition Gmbh Penetrator and subcaliber projectile
US20190017791A1 (en) * 2017-03-07 2019-01-17 U.S. Army Research Laboratory Attn: Rdrl-Loc-I Reduced Jacketed Bullet Bore Resistance
CN115109977A (en) * 2021-03-23 2022-09-27 安泰科技股份有限公司 Ultra-large-specification high-performance tungsten alloy pipe and preparation method thereof

Citations (1)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB2165483A (en) * 1984-10-15 1986-04-16 Champion Spark Plug Co Isostatically pressing a body from particulate material

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US3753704A (en) * 1967-04-14 1973-08-21 Int Nickel Co Production of clad metal articles
DE3821474C1 (en) 1988-06-25 1998-08-27 Nwm De Kruithoorn Bv One-piece frangible armour-piercing discarding sabot
DE4124198A1 (en) 1991-07-20 1993-01-21 Sinterstahl Gmbh METHOD FOR PRODUCING SINTER MOLDED PARTS BY COLD ISOSTATIC POWDER PRESSING IN ONE-TIME USE PRESSING MOLDS
DE4318827C2 (en) * 1993-06-07 1996-08-08 Nwm De Kruithoorn Bv Heavy metal alloy and process for its manufacture
JP2004114139A (en) 2002-09-30 2004-04-15 Kyocera Corp Jig for cold hydrostatic pressing, and manufacturing method of molding using it
JP4497854B2 (en) 2003-07-09 2010-07-07 株式会社明電舎 Method for manufacturing pressure molded body of insert body and method for manufacturing insert body
DE102005021982B4 (en) * 2005-05-12 2007-04-05 Rheinmetall Waffe Munition Gmbh Process for the preparation of a penetrator
DE102005049748A1 (en) 2005-10-18 2007-04-19 Rheinmetall Waffe Munition Gmbh Process for the preparation of a penetrator

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB2165483A (en) * 1984-10-15 1986-04-16 Champion Spark Plug Co Isostatically pressing a body from particulate material

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EP2173507A1 (en) 2010-04-14
US20110176951A1 (en) 2011-07-21
WO2009018902A1 (en) 2009-02-12

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