EP0114592B1 - Process for treating metals by using dies - Google Patents

Process for treating metals by using dies Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0114592B1
EP0114592B1 EP83890233A EP83890233A EP0114592B1 EP 0114592 B1 EP0114592 B1 EP 0114592B1 EP 83890233 A EP83890233 A EP 83890233A EP 83890233 A EP83890233 A EP 83890233A EP 0114592 B1 EP0114592 B1 EP 0114592B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
tube
process according
jacket tube
alloy
compressed
Prior art date
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EP83890233A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0114592A1 (en
Inventor
Manfred Gstettner
Bruno Dipl.-Ing. Hribernik
Alexander Kohnhauser
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Voest-Alpine Stahl AG Te Linz Ad
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Vereinigte Edelstahlwerke AG
Voestalpine Stahl GmbH
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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F3/00—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces
    • B22F3/12—Both compacting and sintering
    • B22F3/1208—Containers or coating used therefor
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F7/00—Manufacture of composite layers, workpieces, or articles, comprising metallic powder, by sintering the powder, with or without compacting wherein at least one part is obtained by sintering or compression
    • B22F7/06—Manufacture of composite layers, workpieces, or articles, comprising metallic powder, by sintering the powder, with or without compacting wherein at least one part is obtained by sintering or compression of composite workpieces or articles from parts, e.g. to form tipped tools
    • B22F7/062—Manufacture of composite layers, workpieces, or articles, comprising metallic powder, by sintering the powder, with or without compacting wherein at least one part is obtained by sintering or compression of composite workpieces or articles from parts, e.g. to form tipped tools involving the connection or repairing of preformed parts
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F7/00—Manufacture of composite layers, workpieces, or articles, comprising metallic powder, by sintering the powder, with or without compacting wherein at least one part is obtained by sintering or compression
    • B22F7/06—Manufacture of composite layers, workpieces, or articles, comprising metallic powder, by sintering the powder, with or without compacting wherein at least one part is obtained by sintering or compression of composite workpieces or articles from parts, e.g. to form tipped tools
    • B22F7/08—Manufacture of composite layers, workpieces, or articles, comprising metallic powder, by sintering the powder, with or without compacting wherein at least one part is obtained by sintering or compression of composite workpieces or articles from parts, e.g. to form tipped tools with one or more parts not made from powder
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F41—WEAPONS
    • F41A—FUNCTIONAL FEATURES OR DETAILS COMMON TO BOTH SMALLARMS AND ORDNANCE, e.g. CANNONS; MOUNTINGS FOR SMALLARMS OR ORDNANCE
    • F41A21/00—Barrels; Gun tubes; Muzzle attachments; Barrel mounting means
    • F41A21/02—Composite barrels, i.e. barrels having multiple layers, e.g. of different materials
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F2998/00—Supplementary information concerning processes or compositions relating to powder metallurgy
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/12—All metal or with adjacent metals
    • Y10T428/12014—All metal or with adjacent metals having metal particles
    • Y10T428/12028—Composite; i.e., plural, adjacent, spatially distinct metal components [e.g., layers, etc.]
    • Y10T428/12063—Nonparticulate metal component
    • Y10T428/12097—Nonparticulate component encloses particles

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for metal processing using matrices which have a shaping inner part and at least one shell part partially encasing this, made of different, metallic materials.
  • Matrices be they extrusion dies for pipes made of high-alloy steels, copper, plastic, drawing dies for wires, cold-forming dies for screws, dies for hot or cold forming of plastic masses are subject to a double load.
  • the shaping parts are subjected to a highly abrasive stress, which is directly attributable to the deformation of the material to be molded, and, on the other hand, a compressive stress occurs because the material to be molded offers resistance to deformation. This resistance causes pressure and tensile stress on the die.
  • matrices are also manufactured in several parts, with an inner part that is used for shaping being produced from a different material than a part surrounding this part, which is intended to absorb forces. Precondition that a tool divided in this way can bring the desired advantage is precise manufacture, since only then can the shaping part be prevented from breaking.
  • a method is described which is suitable for lining cavities, including pipes.
  • a gap is created in a casing tube, for example made of steel, by introducing a thin-walled metal part, into which metal powder is filled, the gap is then evacuated and then the body with the metal part and powder contained therein at approx. 1150 ° C. and 103 N / mm 2 is compressed. A final post-processing is possible.
  • No. 4,327,154 shows a method for producing tubular parts, a composite part being produced by applying a powder component to a tubular metal shell using hot isostatic pressing between 1000 ° and 1400 ° C. and pressures from 10 to 1000 bar.
  • the invention has for its object to provide a method for metal processing using dies, which allows a die to be used which is constructed from two different materials, and a combination of material pairs can be used.
  • the method according to the invention essentially consists in that the die is manufactured in such a way that a filling made of a powdery, highly wear-resistant or corrosion-resistant material and having a bulk density of at least 60% of the density of the compact material is inserted into a casing tube made of a tough alloy is inserted with a recess in a central hollow area of the casing tube, the hollow area being cut out by a filler made of free-cutting steel, then compressed and closed at the ends of the casing tube, whereupon the pipe is closed and evacuated at 900 ° C, but below the melting point of the metallic materials and a pressure of at least 900 bar is pressed, and that the composite body thus obtained, which has a full-surface mechanical bond between the casing tube and the compressed material, before its shaping further processing into a die of a hot deformation with an at least subjected to at least 1.3-fold deformation, processed to give shape.
  • a tube can also be used as a packing, in which case e.g. over a mandrel that can be forged.
  • a sleeve tube made of an alloy of the following composition in wt .-% C 0.36, Si 1.1, Cr 5.0, Mo 1.1, V 0.40 and remainder iron with an outer diameter of 120 mm and an inner diameter of 60 mm and a length of 1200 mm.
  • Degassing was carried out at 360 ° C., whereupon an upper cover with a suction opening was welded onto the capsule tube. Then it was evacuated and the suction opening was closed.
  • the encapsulated body was hot-isostatically pressed for 3 hours in an argon atmosphere at 1150 ° C. and at a pressure of 1020 bar.
  • This composite body was then forged on a long forging machine to an outer diameter of approximately 80 mm, which corresponds to approximately 2.5 times the deformation. After the forging, annealing was carried out, after which an extrusion die for the production of copper pipes was produced by mechanical processing, cutting to length, turning.
  • a hollow cylinder made of steel with the following composition C 0.03, Mo 5.0, Ni 18.5, Co 9 , 0, Ti 0.6 introduced with an outer diameter of 210 mm and an inner diameter of 120 mm and a length of 500 mm.
  • a cylindrical rod made of free-cutting steel with an outside diameter of 100 mm and a length of 500 mm was inserted in the center of the casing tube.
  • the hollow cylindrical space was filled with a powder of a cobalt-based alloy of the following composition in% by weight C 0.25, Cr 28.0, Mo 5.4, Ni 3.0, rest Co, a density of 6.8 g being obtained by shaking / cm 3 was reached.
  • Degassing was carried out at 360 ° C., whereupon an upper cover with suction openings was welded on. It was then evacuated and hot-isostatically pressed according to Example 2.
  • the composite body thus obtained was forged on a long forging machine with a fourfold deformation. Further processing was carried out after solution annealing as in Example 2 to give a hot-drawing die.
  • a 100 mm long sleeve tube of 70 mm outside diameter and a wall of 20 mm made of the material 25CrMo4 was made entirely of a spherical alloy powder of the composition in% by weight 0.9 C to produce a cold impact die for gate screws.
  • the hot isostatic pressing was carried out at 1050 ° C. and a gas pressure of 1100 bar for three hours.
  • the recess intended for the specified purpose and corresponding to the screw shape was produced by EDM machining.
  • the sleeve tube can also be welded directly to the lids, since in some cases no pressure can act on the powder in the radial direction due to the material thickness of the sleeve tube.
  • the core can also be formed by a hollow cylinder, in which case a mandrel can be used for forging.
  • a cladding tube can also be used which has an inner coating, e.g. Electrolytically deposited from nickel or the like., which can occur as an adhesion promoter between the material of the cladding tube and the powder.
  • an inner coating e.g. Electrolytically deposited from nickel or the like., which can occur as an adhesion promoter between the material of the cladding tube and the powder.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Composite Materials (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Forging (AREA)
  • Powder Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Pressure Welding/Diffusion-Bonding (AREA)
  • Electrical Discharge Machining, Electrochemical Machining, And Combined Machining (AREA)
  • Preventing Corrosion Or Incrustation Of Metals (AREA)
  • Manufacture And Refinement Of Metals (AREA)
  • Coating With Molten Metal (AREA)
  • Crystals, And After-Treatments Of Crystals (AREA)
  • Semiconductor Lasers (AREA)
  • Glass Compositions (AREA)

Abstract

The weapon barrel comprises a liner and at least one jacket tube. The liner is made of a highly wear-resistant material, like a cobalt or nickel base alloy, and the jacket tube is made of a tough alloy, like steel. In the manufacturing process the liner material is packed into the jacket tube in the form of a powdery material which may be pre-pressed or pre-sintered. The packing is arranged such as to leave a central free space in the jacket tube, and the jacket tube may be surrounded by an encapsulating tube. The jacket tube or the encapsulating tube is closed either before or after evacuation, and the closed tube arrangement is subjected to a combined heat and pressure treatment at temperatures of at least 900 DEG C., but below the melting point of the relevant materials and at pressures of at least 900 bar. The compound body thus obtained is formed with a full-area metallic bond between the liner and the jacket tube. After eventual heat treatment the compound body is further machined and a rifling is worked thereinto as, for example, by forging.

Description

Die Erfindung bezieht sich auf ein Verfahren zur Metallverarbeitung unter Verwendung von Matrizen, die einen formgebenden Innenteil und zumindest einen diesen teilweise umhüllenden Hüllenteil aus unterschiedlichen, metallischen Werkstoffen aufweisen.The invention relates to a method for metal processing using matrices which have a shaping inner part and at least one shell part partially encasing this, made of different, metallic materials.

Matrizen, seien es Strangpressmatrizen für Rohre aus hochlegierten Stählen, Kupfer, Kunststoff, Ziehmatrizen für Drähte, Kaltschlagmatrizen für Schrauben, Matrizen für die Warm- bzw. Kaltverformung von plastischen Massen, unterliegen einer zweifachen Beanspruchung. Einerseits werden die formgebenden Teile einer stark abrasiven Beanspruchung unterworfen, welche unmittelbar auf die Verformung des zu formenden Materials zurückzuführen ist, und andererseits tritt eine Druckbeanspruchung auf, da das zu formende Material einen Formänderungswiderstand entgegenbringt. Dieser Widerstand bewirkt eine Druck- und auch Zugbeanspruchung der Matrize. Matrizen werden deswegen auch mehrteilig hergestellt, wobei ein innerer Teil, der zur Formgebung Verwendung findet, aus einem anderen Material erzeugt wird, als ein diesen Teil umgebender Teil, welcher Kräfte aufnehmen soll. Voraussetzung, dass ein derartig geteiltes Werkzeug den erwünschten Vorteil erbringen kann, ist eine genaue Fertigung, da nur dann ein Bruch des formgebenden Teils verhindert werden kann.Matrices, be they extrusion dies for pipes made of high-alloy steels, copper, plastic, drawing dies for wires, cold-forming dies for screws, dies for hot or cold forming of plastic masses are subject to a double load. On the one hand, the shaping parts are subjected to a highly abrasive stress, which is directly attributable to the deformation of the material to be molded, and, on the other hand, a compressive stress occurs because the material to be molded offers resistance to deformation. This resistance causes pressure and tensile stress on the die. For this reason, matrices are also manufactured in several parts, with an inner part that is used for shaping being produced from a different material than a part surrounding this part, which is intended to absorb forces. Precondition that a tool divided in this way can bring the desired advantage is precise manufacture, since only then can the shaping part be prevented from breaking.

Nach DE-3114659 ist ein Verfahren beschrieben, das zum Auskleiden von Hohlräumen geeignet ist, worunter auch Rohre fallen. Dabei wird in einem Hüllenrohr, z.B. aus Stahl, ein Spalt durch Einbringen eines dünnwandigen Metallteiles erstellt, in den Metallpulver gefüllt wird, der Spalt sodann evakuiert und anschliessend der Körper mit dem darin enthaltenen Metallteil und Pulver bei ca. 1150°C und 103 N/mm2 verdichtet wird. Eine abschliessende Nachbearbeitung ist möglich.According to DE-3114659, a method is described which is suitable for lining cavities, including pipes. In this case, a gap is created in a casing tube, for example made of steel, by introducing a thin-walled metal part, into which metal powder is filled, the gap is then evacuated and then the body with the metal part and powder contained therein at approx. 1150 ° C. and 103 N / mm 2 is compressed. A final post-processing is possible.

Aus US-4 327 154 ist ein Verfahren zur Herstellung von rohrförmigen Teilen zu entnehmen, wobei ein Verbundteil durch Aufbringen einer Pulverkomponente auf eine rohrförmige Metallschale mit heissisostatischem Verpressen zwischen 1000° bis 1400°C und Drücken von 10 bis 1000 bar erzeugt wird.No. 4,327,154 shows a method for producing tubular parts, a composite part being produced by applying a powder component to a tubular metal shell using hot isostatic pressing between 1000 ° and 1400 ° C. and pressures from 10 to 1000 bar.

Ferner ist aus US-3 752 704 bekannt, durch isostatisches Pressen hergestellte Verbundrohre vor der mechanischen Weiterverarbeitung einer Warmverformung durch Heissextrudieren zu unterwerfen.Furthermore, it is known from US Pat. No. 3,752,704 to subject composite pipes produced by isostatic pressing to hot deformation by hot extrusion prior to further mechanical processing.

Die Erfindung hat sich die Aufgabe gestellt, ein Verfahren zur Metallverarbeitung unter Verwendung von Matrizen zu schaffen, welches es erlaubt, eine Matrize einzusetzen, die aus zwei unterschiedlichen Materialien aufgebaut ist, und wobei eine Kombination von Werkstoffpaarungen zum Einsatz kommen kann.The invention has for its object to provide a method for metal processing using dies, which allows a die to be used which is constructed from two different materials, and a combination of material pairs can be used.

Das erfindungsgemässe Verfahren besteht im wesentlichen darin, dass die Matrize in der Weise gefertigt wird, dass ein in ein Hüllenrohr aus einer zähfesten Legierung eine Füllung aus einem eine Schüttdichte von zumindest 60% der Dichte des kompakten Werkstoffes aufweisenden, pulverförmigen, hochverschleissfesten oder korrosionsbeständigen Werkstoff und unter Aussparung eines zentralen Hohlbereiches des Hüllenrohres eingebracht wird, wobei der Hohlbereich durch einen Füllkörper aus Automatenstahl ausgespart wird, sodann verdichtet und an den Hüllenrohrenden verschlossen wird, worauf evakuiert und das so verschlossene Rohr bei 900°C, jedoch unterhalb der Schmelzpunkte der metallischen Werkstoffe und einem Druck von zumindest 900 bar verpresst wird, und dass der so erhaltene Verbundkörper, welcher einen vollflächigen mechanischen Verbund zwischen Hüllenrohr und verdichtetem Werkstoff aufweist, vor seiner formgebenden Weiterverarbeitung zu einer Matrize einer Warmverformung mit einer zumindest 1,3-fachen Verformung unterworfen, formgebend bearbeitet wird.The method according to the invention essentially consists in that the die is manufactured in such a way that a filling made of a powdery, highly wear-resistant or corrosion-resistant material and having a bulk density of at least 60% of the density of the compact material is inserted into a casing tube made of a tough alloy is inserted with a recess in a central hollow area of the casing tube, the hollow area being cut out by a filler made of free-cutting steel, then compressed and closed at the ends of the casing tube, whereupon the pipe is closed and evacuated at 900 ° C, but below the melting point of the metallic materials and a pressure of at least 900 bar is pressed, and that the composite body thus obtained, which has a full-surface mechanical bond between the casing tube and the compressed material, before its shaping further processing into a die of a hot deformation with an at least subjected to at least 1.3-fold deformation, processed to give shape.

Als Füllkörper kann auch ein Rohr Verwendung finden, wobei dann, z.B. über einen Dorn, geschmiedet werden kann.A tube can also be used as a packing, in which case e.g. over a mandrel that can be forged.

Anhand einiger Beispiele sei die Erfindung näher erläutert.The invention is explained in more detail with the aid of a few examples.

Beispiel 1:Example 1:

In ein Kapselrohr mit einem Bodenblech aus unlegiertem Baustahl mit einem Aussendurchmesser von 125 mm, einem Innendurchmesser von 123 mm und einer Länge von 1200 mm wurde ein Hüllenrohr aus einer Legierung folgender Zusammensetzung in Gew.-% C 0,36, Si 1,1, Cr 5,0, Mo 1,1, V 0,40 und Rest Eisen mit einem Aussendurchmesser von 120 mm und einem Innendurchmesser von 60 mm und einer Länge von 1200 mm eingebracht. In dieses Rohr wurde ein Pulver einer Kobaltbasislegierung folgender Zusammensetzung in Gew.-% C 1,17, Si 1,1, Cr 28,0, W 4,0, Fe max. 0,5 und Rest Co gefüllt, wobei durch Rütteln eine Dichte von 6,6 g/cm3 erreicht wurde. Bei 360 °C wurde entgast, worauf ein oberer Deckel mit Absaugöffnung an das Kapselrohr angeschweisst wurde. Sodann wurde evakuiert und die Absaugöffnung verschlossen. Der eingekapselte Körper wurde in einer Argonatmosphäre bei 1150 °C und bei einem Druck von 1020 bar 3 Stunden lang heiss-isostatisch verpresst. Dieser Verbundkörper wurde sodann auf einer Langschmiedemaschine auf einen Aussendurchmesser von ca. 80 mm geschmiedet, was einer ca. 2,5fachen Verformung entspricht. Nach dem Schmieden wurde geglüht, worauf durch mechanische Bearbeitung, Ablängen, Drehen, eine Strangpressmatrize für die Herstellung von Cu-Rohren gefertigt wurde.In a capsule tube with a base plate made of unalloyed structural steel with an outer diameter of 125 mm, an inner diameter of 123 mm and a length of 1200 mm, a sleeve tube made of an alloy of the following composition in wt .-% C 0.36, Si 1.1, Cr 5.0, Mo 1.1, V 0.40 and remainder iron with an outer diameter of 120 mm and an inner diameter of 60 mm and a length of 1200 mm. A powder of a cobalt-based alloy with the following composition in% by weight of C 1.17, Si 1.1, Cr 28.0, W 4.0, Fe max. 0.5 and the rest Co filled, whereby a density of 6.6 g / cm 3 was achieved by shaking. Degassing was carried out at 360 ° C., whereupon an upper cover with a suction opening was welded onto the capsule tube. Then it was evacuated and the suction opening was closed. The encapsulated body was hot-isostatically pressed for 3 hours in an argon atmosphere at 1150 ° C. and at a pressure of 1020 bar. This composite body was then forged on a long forging machine to an outer diameter of approximately 80 mm, which corresponds to approximately 2.5 times the deformation. After the forging, annealing was carried out, after which an extrusion die for the production of copper pipes was produced by mechanical processing, cutting to length, turning.

Beispiel 2:Example 2:

Ähnlich wie im Beispiel 1 wurde eine Pressmatrize zur Herstellung von Schleifkörperscheiben aus einem Hüllenrohr (Werkstoff St 37) von 150 mm Aussendurchmesser und 100 mm Innendurchmesser nach Füllung mit einem Pulver folgender Zusammensetzung in Gew.-% 2,2 C, 0,28 Si, 0,37 Mn, 12,6 Cr, 0,98 Mo, 4,1 V, Rest im wesentlichen Fe gefüllt, wobei jedoch vor dem Füllen ein Innenrohr aus Baustahl mit 60 mm Aussendurchmesser und 4 mm Wandstärke zentrisch eingesetzt worden war. Zur Ausbildung eines gasdichten Verschlusses nach dem Verdichten des Pulvermetallurgie-Werkstoffes wurden an Stelle von dem Aussendurchmesser des Hüllenrohres etwa entsprechenden runden Blechscheiben bis zum Innenrohr reichende Blechringscheiben an den Rohrenden aufgeschweisst und das isostatische Heisspressen sowie die Weiterbearbeitung analog wie in Beispiel 1 durchgeführt.Similar to Example 1, a press die for the production of grinding wheel discs from a casing tube (material St 37) of 150 mm outside diameter and 100 mm inside diameter after filling with a powder of the following composition in wt.% 2.2 C, 0.28 Si, 0.37 Mn, 12.6 Cr, 0.98 Mo, 4.1 V, rest essentially Fe filled, but before filling a Inner tube made of structural steel with an outer diameter of 60 mm and a wall thickness of 4 mm was used centrally. In order to form a gas-tight seal after compressing the powder metallurgy material, instead of the corresponding round sheet metal washers from the outer diameter of the cladding tube to the inner tube, sheet metal washers were welded to the tube ends and the isostatic hot pressing and further processing were carried out analogously as in Example 1.

Beispiel 3:Example 3:

In ein Kapselrohr mit einem Bodenblech aus unlegiertem Baustahl mit einem Aussendurchmesser 215 mm, einem Innendurchmesser von 212 mm und einer Länge von 500 mm wurde ein Hohlzylinder aus Stahl folgender Zusammensetzung C 0,03, Mo 5,0, Ni 18,5, Co 9,0, Ti 0,6 mit einem Aussendurchmesser von 210 mm und einem Innendurchmesser von 120 mm und einer Länge von 500 mm eingebracht. Im Zentrum des Hüllenrohres wurde ein zylindrischer Stab aus Automatenstahl mit einem Aussendurchmesser von 100 mm und einer Länge von 500 mm eingebracht. Der hohlzylinderförmige Zwischenraum wurde mit einem Pulver einer Kobaltbasislegierung folgender Zusammensetzung in Gew.-% C 0,25, Cr 28,0, Mo 5,4, Ni 3,0, Rest Co gefüllt, wobei durch Rütteln eine Dichte von 6,8 g/cm3 erreicht wurde. Bei 360 °C wurde entgast, worauf ein oberer Deckel mit Absaugöffnungen angeschweisst wurde. Sodann wurde evakuiert und gemäss Beispiel 2 heiss-isostatisch verpresst. Der so erhaltene Verbundkörper wurde auf einer Langschmiedemaschine mit einer vierfachen Verformung geschmiedet. Die Weiterverarbeitung erfolgte nach einem Lösungsglühen analog Beispiel 2 zu einer Warmziehmatrize.In a capsule tube with a base plate made of unalloyed structural steel with an outer diameter of 215 mm, an inner diameter of 212 mm and a length of 500 mm, a hollow cylinder made of steel with the following composition C 0.03, Mo 5.0, Ni 18.5, Co 9 , 0, Ti 0.6 introduced with an outer diameter of 210 mm and an inner diameter of 120 mm and a length of 500 mm. A cylindrical rod made of free-cutting steel with an outside diameter of 100 mm and a length of 500 mm was inserted in the center of the casing tube. The hollow cylindrical space was filled with a powder of a cobalt-based alloy of the following composition in% by weight C 0.25, Cr 28.0, Mo 5.4, Ni 3.0, rest Co, a density of 6.8 g being obtained by shaking / cm 3 was reached. Degassing was carried out at 360 ° C., whereupon an upper cover with suction openings was welded on. It was then evacuated and hot-isostatically pressed according to Example 2. The composite body thus obtained was forged on a long forging machine with a fourfold deformation. Further processing was carried out after solution annealing as in Example 2 to give a hot-drawing die.

Beispiel 4:Example 4:

Ähnlich wie im Beispiel 1 wurde zur Herstellung einer Kaltschlagmatrize für Torbandschrauben ein 100 mm langes Hüllenrohr von 70 mm Aussendurchmesser und einer Wandung von 20 mm aus dem Werkstoff 25CrMo4 zur Gänze mit einem sphärisch ausgebildeten Legierungspulver der Zusammensetzung in Gew.-% 0,9 C, 0,6 Si, 0,55 Mn, 5,0 Cr, 6,5 Mo, 5,1 Co, 2,7 W, 2,5 V, Rest im wesentlichen Fe gefüllt, dieses durch Evakuieren verdichtet und das Hüllenrohr beiderseits gasdicht mittels aufgeschweisster Blechscheiben verschlossen. Das heiss-isostatische Pressen wurde bei 1050 °C und einem Gasdruck von 1100 bar drei Stunden lang vorgenommen. Im zentralen Bereich des Kernwerkstoffes wurde die für den angegebenen Verwendungszweck vorgesehene, der Schraubenform entsprechende Ausnehmung durch funkenerosive Bearbeitung hergestellt.Similar to Example 1, a 100 mm long sleeve tube of 70 mm outside diameter and a wall of 20 mm made of the material 25CrMo4 was made entirely of a spherical alloy powder of the composition in% by weight 0.9 C to produce a cold impact die for gate screws. 0.6 Si, 0.55 Mn, 5.0 Cr, 6.5 Mo, 5.1 Co, 2.7 W, 2.5 V, rest essentially filled with Fe, this compressed by evacuation and the casing tube gas-tight on both sides closed by means of welded sheet metal washers. The hot isostatic pressing was carried out at 1050 ° C. and a gas pressure of 1100 bar for three hours. In the central area of the core material, the recess intended for the specified purpose and corresponding to the screw shape was produced by EDM machining.

An Stelle des Kapselrohres kann auch das Hüllenrohr direkt mit den Deckeln verschweisst werden, da teilweise keine Druckeinwirkung auf das Pulver in radialer Richtung auf Grund der Materialstärke des Hüllenrohres eintreten kann. Der Kern kann auch durch einen Hohlzylinder gebildet sein, wobei in diesem Falle über einen Dorn geschmiedet werden kann.Instead of the capsule tube, the sleeve tube can also be welded directly to the lids, since in some cases no pressure can act on the powder in the radial direction due to the material thickness of the sleeve tube. The core can also be formed by a hollow cylinder, in which case a mandrel can be used for forging.

Es kann auch ein Hüllenrohr verwendet werden, das eine Innenbeschichtung, z.B. elektrolytisch abgeschieden aus Nickel od.dgl., aufweist, die als Haftvermittler zwischen dem Material des Hüllenrohres und dem Pulver auftreten kann.A cladding tube can also be used which has an inner coating, e.g. Electrolytically deposited from nickel or the like., Which can occur as an adhesion promoter between the material of the cladding tube and the powder.

Bei allen angeführten Beispielen war ein vollflächiger Verbund zwischen dem Hüllenrohr und dem Innenteil eingetreten, wobei beispielsweise bei der Kobalthartlegierung gemäss Beispiel 1 folgende Eingenschaftsverbesserungen durch das heiss-isostatische Verpressen bzw. durch heissisostatisches Verpressen und Schmieden erreicht werden können.

Figure imgb0001
In all of the examples cited, a full-area bond had occurred between the casing tube and the inner part, the following property improvements, for example in the case of the cobalt hard alloy according to Example 1, being able to be achieved by hot-isostatic pressing or by hot-isostatic pressing and forging.
Figure imgb0001

Claims (8)

1. A process for treating metal using dies having an inner moulding portion and at least one casing surrounding the latter made of different metal materials, characterised in that the die is manufactured in such a way that a filling, made of a powdered highly-abrasion-resistant and/or corrosion- proof material having a bulk density of at least 60% of the density of the compact material, is inserted in an encasing tube made of a tough alloy, a hollow region being made in the central region of the encasing tube, the hollow region being hollowed out by a filling body of machining steel, and then compressed and sealed at the encasing tube ends, then evacuated and the thus sealed tube being compressed at a temperature of 900°C, but below the melting point of the metal materials and at a pressure of at least 900 bar, and in that the compound body thus obtained, having a holohedral connection between the encasing tube and the compressed material, before its further shaping into a die is subjected to a hot-forming process with at least a 1.3-fold deformation, and then machined into shape.
2. A process according to claim 1, characterised in that a tube is used as a filling body.
3. A process according to claim 1 and 2, characterised in that an iron-based alloy which is difficult to deform, in particular a ledeburitic chromium steel, is used to fill the encasing tube.
4. A process according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterised in that a cobalt-based alloy is used as a highly-abrasion-resistant alloy.
5. A process according to one of claims 1 to 4, characterised in that a nickel-based alloy is used as a highly-abrasion-resistant alloy.
6. A process according to one of claims 1 to 5, characterised in that the encasing tube has an inner lining made of an adhesion agent, eg nickel.
7. A process according to one of claims 1 to 6, characterised in that the powdered material is pre-compressed and/or pre-sintered.
8. A process according to one of claims 1 to 7, characterised in that the encasing tube is disposed in a covering tube.
EP83890233A 1982-12-23 1983-12-22 Process for treating metals by using dies Expired EP0114592B1 (en)

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AT4679/82 1982-12-23
AT467982 1982-12-23

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EP83890234A Withdrawn EP0114593A1 (en) 1982-12-23 1983-12-22 Process for the production of a hollow cylinder for synthetics processing machines
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ATE33219T1 (en) 1988-04-15
ES528315A0 (en) 1984-12-01
GR79748B (en) 1984-10-31
GR81355B (en) 1984-12-11
DE3376101D1 (en) 1988-05-05
US4747225A (en) 1988-05-31
ES8501658A1 (en) 1984-12-01
EP0114593A1 (en) 1984-08-01
ES8501657A1 (en) 1984-12-01
EP0114591B1 (en) 1988-03-30
ES528317A0 (en) 1984-12-01
EP0114591A1 (en) 1984-08-01
EP0114592A1 (en) 1984-08-01
ATE33218T1 (en) 1988-04-15
DE3376100D1 (en) 1988-05-05

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