EP0114592A1 - Process for treating metals by using dies - Google Patents

Process for treating metals by using dies Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0114592A1
EP0114592A1 EP83890233A EP83890233A EP0114592A1 EP 0114592 A1 EP0114592 A1 EP 0114592A1 EP 83890233 A EP83890233 A EP 83890233A EP 83890233 A EP83890233 A EP 83890233A EP 0114592 A1 EP0114592 A1 EP 0114592A1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
tube
jacket tube
resistant
alloy
liner
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP83890233A
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German (de)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP0114592B1 (en
Inventor
Manfred Gstettner
Bruno Dipl.-Ing. Hribernik
Alexander Kohnhauser
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Voest-Alpine Stahl AG Te Linz Ad
Original Assignee
Vereinigte Edelstahlwerke AG
Voestalpine Stahl GmbH
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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F3/00—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces
    • B22F3/12—Both compacting and sintering
    • B22F3/1208—Containers or coating used therefor
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F7/00—Manufacture of composite layers, workpieces, or articles, comprising metallic powder, by sintering the powder, with or without compacting wherein at least one part is obtained by sintering or compression
    • B22F7/06—Manufacture of composite layers, workpieces, or articles, comprising metallic powder, by sintering the powder, with or without compacting wherein at least one part is obtained by sintering or compression of composite workpieces or articles from parts, e.g. to form tipped tools
    • B22F7/062—Manufacture of composite layers, workpieces, or articles, comprising metallic powder, by sintering the powder, with or without compacting wherein at least one part is obtained by sintering or compression of composite workpieces or articles from parts, e.g. to form tipped tools involving the connection or repairing of preformed parts
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F7/00—Manufacture of composite layers, workpieces, or articles, comprising metallic powder, by sintering the powder, with or without compacting wherein at least one part is obtained by sintering or compression
    • B22F7/06—Manufacture of composite layers, workpieces, or articles, comprising metallic powder, by sintering the powder, with or without compacting wherein at least one part is obtained by sintering or compression of composite workpieces or articles from parts, e.g. to form tipped tools
    • B22F7/08—Manufacture of composite layers, workpieces, or articles, comprising metallic powder, by sintering the powder, with or without compacting wherein at least one part is obtained by sintering or compression of composite workpieces or articles from parts, e.g. to form tipped tools with one or more parts not made from powder
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F41—WEAPONS
    • F41A—FUNCTIONAL FEATURES OR DETAILS COMMON TO BOTH SMALLARMS AND ORDNANCE, e.g. CANNONS; MOUNTINGS FOR SMALLARMS OR ORDNANCE
    • F41A21/00—Barrels; Gun tubes; Muzzle attachments; Barrel mounting means
    • F41A21/02—Composite barrels, i.e. barrels having multiple layers, e.g. of different materials
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F2998/00—Supplementary information concerning processes or compositions relating to powder metallurgy
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/12—All metal or with adjacent metals
    • Y10T428/12014—All metal or with adjacent metals having metal particles
    • Y10T428/12028—Composite; i.e., plural, adjacent, spatially distinct metal components [e.g., layers, etc.]
    • Y10T428/12063—Nonparticulate metal component
    • Y10T428/12097—Nonparticulate component encloses particles

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for producing dies, in particular for metalworking.
  • Matrices be it extrusion dies for pipes made of high-alloy steels, copper, plastic, drawing dies for wires, cold impact dies for screws, dies for hot or cold forming of plastic masses, are subject to double stress.
  • the shaping parts of the die are subjected to a strong abrasive stress, which can be directly attributed to the deformation of the material to be molded, and on the other hand, a compressive stress occurs because the material to be molded offers resistance to deformation. This resistance causes pressure and tensile stress on the die.
  • matrices are often manufactured in several parts, with an inner part which is used for shaping being produced from a different material than a part which surrounds this part and which is intended to absorb the forces. Precondition that a tool divided in this way can bring the desired advantage is an exact manufacture, since only then can the shaping part be prevented from breaking.
  • the object of the invention is to create a method for producing dies which allows a die to be produced which is constructed from two different materials, and a large combination of material combinations can be used.
  • the process according to the invention essentially consists in the fact that in a casing tube, which is optionally arranged in a capsule tube, made of a tough alloy, e.g. steel, a filling made of a powdery, highly wear-resistant, in particular having a bulk density of at least 60% of the density of the compact material highly heat-resistant and / or corrosion-resistant material, given if in the pre-pressed and / or pre-sintered state and preferably with the exception of one, in particular central, hollow area of the casing tube, is introduced, if necessary compressed, and closed at the casing tube ends or capsule tube ends, whereupon or before evacuation and the tube thus closed, for example in a Protective gas atmosphere, at least 900 ° C, but below the melting point of the metallic materials and a pressure of at least 900 bar and that, if necessary after heat treatment, the composite body thus obtained, which has a full-surface metallic bond between the casing tube and the compressed material, mechanically , for example cut to length, and shaping, in particular
  • the central hollow area can be formed by a filler, preferably made of an easily machinable material, e.g. Free cutting steel, are left out, then one. particularly simple manufacture of the die is given.
  • a filler preferably made of an easily machinable material, e.g. Free cutting steel
  • a tube can also be used as a packing, in which case e.g. over a mandrel that can be forged.
  • Tools that can be exposed to particularly high stresses can be obtained by subjecting the composite body to hot deformation, in particular forging, with at least 1.3 times, in particular at least 2 times, deformation before it is mechanically processed into a die.
  • a sleeve tube made of an alloy of the following composition in wt .-% C 0.36, Si 1.1, Cr 5.0, Mo 1.1, V 0.40 and remainder iron with an outer diameter of 120 mm and an inner diameter of 60 mm and a length of 1200 mm.
  • Degassing was carried out at 360 ° C., whereupon an upper cover with a suction opening was welded onto the capsule tube. Sodanh was evacuated and the suction opening closed. The encapsulated body was hot-isostatically pressed for 3 hours in an argon atmosphere at 1150 ° C. and at a pressure of 1020 bar. This composite body was then forged on a long forging machine to an outer diameter of approximately 80 mm, which corresponds to approximately 2.5 times the deformation. After the forging, annealing was carried out, after which an extrusion die for the production of Cu pipes was produced by mechanical processing, cutting to length, turning.
  • a hollow cylinder made of steel with the following composition C 0.03, Mo 5.0, Ni 18.5, Co 9 , 0, Ti 0.6 introduced with an outer diameter of 210 mm and an inner diameter of 120 mm and a length of 500 mm.
  • a cylindrical rod made of free-cutting steel with an outer diameter of 100 mm and a length of 500 mm was inserted.
  • the hollow cylindrical space was filled with a powder of a cobalt-based alloy of the following composition in% by weight C 0.25, Cr 28.0, Mo 5.4, Ni 3.0, rest Co, a density of 6.8 g being obtained by shaking / cm 3 was reached. Degassing was carried out at 360 ° C., whereupon an upper cover with a suction opening was welded on. The mixture was then evacuated and hot-isostatically pressed in accordance with Example 2. The composite body thus obtained was forged on a long forging machine with a fourfold deformation. Further processing was carried out after solution annealing as in Example 2 to give a hot-drawing die.
  • a 100 mm long sleeve tube with a 70 mm outer diameter and a wall of 20 mm made of the material 25CrMo4 was made entirely of a spherical alloy powder of the composition in% by weight 0.9 C to produce a cold impact die for gate screws.
  • the hot isostatic pressing was carried out at 1050 ° C. and a gas pressure of 1100 bar for three hours.
  • the recess intended for the specified purpose and corresponding to the screw shape was produced by EDM machining.
  • the sleeve tube can also be welded directly to the lids, since in some cases no pressure can act on the powder in the radial direction due to the material thickness of the sleeve tube.
  • the core can also be formed by a hollow cylinder, in which case a mandrel can be used for forging.
  • a cladding tube can also be used which has an inner coating, e.g. electrodeposited from nickel or the like., which can occur as an adhesion promoter between the material of the cladding tube and the powder.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Composite Materials (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Forging (AREA)
  • Powder Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Pressure Welding/Diffusion-Bonding (AREA)
  • Manufacture And Refinement Of Metals (AREA)
  • Crystals, And After-Treatments Of Crystals (AREA)
  • Semiconductor Lasers (AREA)
  • Glass Compositions (AREA)
  • Electrical Discharge Machining, Electrochemical Machining, And Combined Machining (AREA)
  • Preventing Corrosion Or Incrustation Of Metals (AREA)
  • Coating With Molten Metal (AREA)

Abstract

The weapon barrel comprises a liner and at least one jacket tube. The liner is made of a highly wear-resistant material, like a cobalt or nickel base alloy, and the jacket tube is made of a tough alloy, like steel. In the manufacturing process the liner material is packed into the jacket tube in the form of a powdery material which may be pre-pressed or pre-sintered. The packing is arranged such as to leave a central free space in the jacket tube, and the jacket tube may be surrounded by an encapsulating tube. The jacket tube or the encapsulating tube is closed either before or after evacuation, and the closed tube arrangement is subjected to a combined heat and pressure treatment at temperatures of at least 900 DEG C., but below the melting point of the relevant materials and at pressures of at least 900 bar. The compound body thus obtained is formed with a full-area metallic bond between the liner and the jacket tube. After eventual heat treatment the compound body is further machined and a rifling is worked thereinto as, for example, by forging.

Description

Die Erfindung bezieht sich auf ein Verfahren zur Herstellung von Matrizen, insbesondere für die Metallverarbeitung.The invention relates to a method for producing dies, in particular for metalworking.

Matrizen, sei es Strangpreßmatrizen für Rohre aus hochlegierten Stählen, Kupfer, Kunststoff, Ziehmatrizen für Drähte, Kaltschlagmatrizen für Schrauben, Matrizen für die Warm- bzw. Kaltformgebung von plastischen Massen, unterliegen einer zweifachen Beanspruchung. Einerseits werden die formgebenden Teile der Matrize einer stark abrasiven Beanspruchung unterworfen, welche unmittelbar auf die Verformung des zu formenden Materials zurückzuführen sind, und anderseits tritt eine Druckbeanspruchung auf, da das zu formende Material einen Formänderungswiderstand entgegenbringt. Dieser widerstand bewirkt eine Druck- und auch Zugbeanspruchung der Matrize. Matrizen werden deswegen auch häufig mehrteilig hergestellt, wobei ein innerer Teil, der zur Formgebung Verwendung findet, aus einem anderen Material erzeugt wird, als ein diesen Teil umgebender Teil, welcher die Kräfte aufnehmen soll. Voraussetzung, daß ein derartig geteiltes Werkzeug den erwünschten Vorteil erbringen kann, ist eine genaue Fertigung, da nur dann ein Bruch des formgebenden Teiles verhindert werden kann.Matrices, be it extrusion dies for pipes made of high-alloy steels, copper, plastic, drawing dies for wires, cold impact dies for screws, dies for hot or cold forming of plastic masses, are subject to double stress. On the one hand, the shaping parts of the die are subjected to a strong abrasive stress, which can be directly attributed to the deformation of the material to be molded, and on the other hand, a compressive stress occurs because the material to be molded offers resistance to deformation. This resistance causes pressure and tensile stress on the die. For this reason, matrices are often manufactured in several parts, with an inner part which is used for shaping being produced from a different material than a part which surrounds this part and which is intended to absorb the forces. Precondition that a tool divided in this way can bring the desired advantage is an exact manufacture, since only then can the shaping part be prevented from breaking.

Die Erfindung hat sich die Aufgabe gestellt, ein Verfahren zur Herstellung von Matrizen zu schaffen, welches es erlaubt, eine Matrize herzustellen, die aus zwei unterschiedlichen Materialien aufgebaut ist, und wobei eine große Kombination von Werkstoffpaarungen zum Einsatz kommen kann.The object of the invention is to create a method for producing dies which allows a die to be produced which is constructed from two different materials, and a large combination of material combinations can be used.

Das erfindungsgemäße Verfahren besteht im wesentlichen darin, daß in ein Hüllenrohr, welches gegebenenfalls in einem Kapselrohr angeordnet wird, aus einer zähfesten Legierung, z.B. Stahl, eine Füllung aus einem eine Schüttdichte von zumindest 60 % der Dichte des kompakten Werkstoffes aufweisenden, pulverförmigen hochverschleißfesten, insbesondere hochwarmverschleißfesten und/oder korrosionsbeständigen Werkstoff, gegebenenfalls im vorgepreßten und/oder vorgesinterten Zustand und vorzugsweise unter Aussparung eines, insbesondere zentralen, Hohlbereiches des Hüllenrohres, eingebracht wird, gegebenenfalls verdichtet, und an den Hüllenrohrenden bzw. Kapselrohrenden verschlossen, worauf oder bevor evakuiert wird und das so verschlossene Rohr, z.B. in einer Schutzgasatmosphäre, bei zumindest 900 °C, jedoch unterhalb der Schmelzpunkte der metallischen Werkstoffe und einem Druck von zumindest 900 bar verpreßt wird und daß, gegebenenfalls nach einer Wärmebehandlung, der so erhaltene Verbundkörper, welcher einen vollflächigen metallischen Verbund zwischen Hüllenrohr und verdichtetem Werkstoff aufweist, mechanisch, z.B. abgelängt, und formgebend, insbesondere spanabhebend, bearbeitet wird. Durch eine derartige Vorgangsweise ist eine besonders günstige Kombination von einem schmelzmetallurgischen und pulvermetallurgischen Verfahren gegeben, wobei eine optimale Anpassung in den Eigenschaften erreichbar ist.The process according to the invention essentially consists in the fact that in a casing tube, which is optionally arranged in a capsule tube, made of a tough alloy, e.g. steel, a filling made of a powdery, highly wear-resistant, in particular having a bulk density of at least 60% of the density of the compact material highly heat-resistant and / or corrosion-resistant material, given if in the pre-pressed and / or pre-sintered state and preferably with the exception of one, in particular central, hollow area of the casing tube, is introduced, if necessary compressed, and closed at the casing tube ends or capsule tube ends, whereupon or before evacuation and the tube thus closed, for example in a Protective gas atmosphere, at least 900 ° C, but below the melting point of the metallic materials and a pressure of at least 900 bar and that, if necessary after heat treatment, the composite body thus obtained, which has a full-surface metallic bond between the casing tube and the compressed material, mechanically , for example cut to length, and shaping, in particular machining, is processed. Such a procedure provides a particularly favorable combination of a melt-metallurgical and powder-metallurgical process, with an optimal adaptation of the properties being achievable.

Es kann der zentrale Hohlbereich durch einen Füllkörper, vorzugsweise aus einem.leicht zerspanbaren Material, z.B. Automatenstahl, ausgespart werden, wobei dann eine. besonders einfache Fertigung der Matrize gegeben ist.The central hollow area can be formed by a filler, preferably made of an easily machinable material, e.g. Free cutting steel, are left out, then one. particularly simple manufacture of the die is given.

Als Füllkörper kann auch ein Rohr Verwendung finden, wobei dann, z.B. über einen Dorn, geschmiedet werden kann.A tube can also be used as a packing, in which case e.g. over a mandrel that can be forged.

Werkzeuge, die einer besonders hohen Beanspruchung ausgesetzt werden können, sind dadurch zu erhalten, daß der Verbundkörper vor seiner mechanischen Weiterverarbeitung zu einer Matrize einer Warmverformung, insbesondere Schmiedung, mit einer zumindest l,3fachen, insbesondere zumindest 2fachen Verformung, unterworfen wird.Tools that can be exposed to particularly high stresses can be obtained by subjecting the composite body to hot deformation, in particular forging, with at least 1.3 times, in particular at least 2 times, deformation before it is mechanically processed into a die.

Im folgenden wird die Erfindung an Hand der Beispiele näher erläutert.The invention is explained in more detail below with the aid of the examples.

Beispiel 1:Example 1:

In ein Kapselrohr mit einem Bodenblech aus unlegiertem Baustahl mit einem Außendurchmesser von 125 mm, einem Innendurchmesser von 123 mm und einer Länge von 1200 mm wurde ein Hüllenrohr aus einer Legierung folgender Zusammensetzung in Gew.-% C 0,36, Si 1,1, Cr 5,0, Mo 1,1, V 0,40 und Rest Eisen mit einem Außendurchmesser von 120 mm und einem Innendurchmesser von 60 mm und einer Länge von 1200 mm eingebracht. In dieses Rohr wurde ein Pulver einer Kobaltbasislegierung folgender Zusammensetzung in Gew.-% C 1,17, Si 1,1, Cr 28,0, W 4,0, Fe max. 0,5 und Rest Co gefüllt, wobei durch Rütteln eine Dichte von 6,6 g/cm erreicht wurde. Bei 360 °C wurde entgast, worauf ein oberer Deckel mit Absaugöffnung an das Kapselrohr angeschweißt wurde. Sodanh wurde evakuiert und die Absaugöffnung verschlossen. Der eingekapselte Körper wurde in einer Argonatmosphäre bei 1150 °C und bei einem Druck von 1020 bar 3 Stunden lang heiß-isostatisch verpreßt. Dieser Verbundkörper wurde sodann auf einer Langschmiedemaschine auf einen Außendurchmesser von ca. 80 mm geschmiedet, was einer ca. 2,5fachen Verformung entspricht. Nach dem Schmieden wurde geglüht, worauf durch mechanische Bearbeitung, Ablängen, Drehen, eine Strangpreßmatrize für die Herstellung von Cu-Rohren gefertigt wurde.In a capsule tube with a base plate made of unalloyed structural steel with an outer diameter of 125 mm, an inner diameter of 123 mm and a length of 1200 mm, a sleeve tube made of an alloy of the following composition in wt .-% C 0.36, Si 1.1, Cr 5.0, Mo 1.1, V 0.40 and remainder iron with an outer diameter of 120 mm and an inner diameter of 60 mm and a length of 1200 mm. A powder of a cobalt-based alloy with the following composition in% by weight of C 1.17, Si 1.1, Cr 28.0, W 4.0, Fe max. 0.5 and the rest Co filled, whereby a density of 6.6 g / cm was achieved by shaking. Degassing was carried out at 360 ° C., whereupon an upper cover with a suction opening was welded onto the capsule tube. Sodanh was evacuated and the suction opening closed. The encapsulated body was hot-isostatically pressed for 3 hours in an argon atmosphere at 1150 ° C. and at a pressure of 1020 bar. This composite body was then forged on a long forging machine to an outer diameter of approximately 80 mm, which corresponds to approximately 2.5 times the deformation. After the forging, annealing was carried out, after which an extrusion die for the production of Cu pipes was produced by mechanical processing, cutting to length, turning.

Beispiel 2:Example 2:

Ähnlich wie im Beispiel 1 wurde eine Preßmatrize zur Herstellung von Schleifkörperscheiben aus einem Hüllenrohr (Werkstoff St 37) von 150 mm Außendurchmesser und 100 mm Innendurchmesser nach Füllung mit einem Pulver folgender Zusammensetzung in Gew.-% 2,2 C, 0,28 Si, 0,37 Mn, 12,6 Cr, 0,98 Mo, 4,1 V, Rest im wesentlichen Fe gefüllt, wobei jedoch vor dem Füllen ein Innenrohr aus Baustahl mit 60 mm Außendurchmesser und 4 mm Wandstärke zentrisch eingesetzt worden war. Zur Ausbildung eines gasdichten Verschlusses nach dem Verdichten des Pulvermetallurgie-Werkstoffes wurden an Stelle von dem Außendurchmesser des Hüllenrohres etwa entsprechenden runden Blechscheiben bis zum Innenrohr reichende Blechringscheiben an den Rohrenden aufgeschweißt und das isostatische Heißpressen sowie die Weiterbearbeitung analog wie in Beispiel 1 durchgeführt.Similar to Example 1, a press die for the production of grinding wheel discs from a casing tube (material St 37) of 150 mm outside diameter and 100 mm inside diameter after filling with a powder of the following composition in wt.% 2.2 C, 0.28 Si, 0.37 Mn, 12.6 Cr, 0.98 Mo, 4.1 V, the rest essentially filled with Fe, but before filling an inner tube made of structural steel with an outer diameter of 60 mm and a wall thickness of 4 mm had been inserted centrally. In order to form a gas-tight seal after the powder metallurgy material has been compacted, instead of the corresponding round sheet metal discs extending from the outer diameter of the cladding tube to the inner tube, a sheet metal ring washers welded to the pipe ends and the isostatic hot pressing and further processing carried out analogously as in Example 1.

Beispiel 3:Example 3:

In ein Kapselrohr mit einem Bodenblech aus unlegiertem Baustahl mit einem Außendurchmesser 215 mm, einem Innendurchmesser von 212 mm und einer Länge von 500 mm wurde ein Hohlzylinder aus Stahl folgender Zusammensetzung C 0,03, Mo 5,0, Ni 18,5, Co 9,0, Ti 0,6 mit einem Außendurchmesser von 210 mm und einem Innendurchmesser von 120 mm und einer Länge von 500 mm eingebracht. Im Zentrum des Hüllenrohres wurde ein zylindrischer Stab aus Automatenstahl mit einem Außendurchmesser von 100 mm und einer Länge von 500 mm eingebracht. Der hohlzylinderförmige Zwischenraum wurde mit einem Pulver einer Kobaltbasislegierung folgender Zusammensetzung in Gew.-% C 0,25, Cr 28,0, Mo 5,4, Ni 3,0, Rest Co gefüllt, wobei durch Rütteln eine Dichte von 6,8 g/cm3 erreicht wurde. Bei 360 °C wurde entgast, worauf ein oberer Deckel mit Absaugöffnung angeschweißt wurde. Sodann wurde evakuiert und gemäß Beispiel 2 heiß-isostatisch verpreßt. Der so erhaltene Verbundkörper wurde auf einer Langschmiedemaschine mit einer vierfachen Verformung geschmiedet. Die Weiterverarbeitung erfolgte nach einem Lösungsglühen analog Beispiel 2 zu einer Warmziehmatrize.In a capsule tube with a base plate made of unalloyed structural steel with an outer diameter of 215 mm, an inner diameter of 212 mm and a length of 500 mm, a hollow cylinder made of steel with the following composition C 0.03, Mo 5.0, Ni 18.5, Co 9 , 0, Ti 0.6 introduced with an outer diameter of 210 mm and an inner diameter of 120 mm and a length of 500 mm. In the center of the casing tube, a cylindrical rod made of free-cutting steel with an outer diameter of 100 mm and a length of 500 mm was inserted. The hollow cylindrical space was filled with a powder of a cobalt-based alloy of the following composition in% by weight C 0.25, Cr 28.0, Mo 5.4, Ni 3.0, rest Co, a density of 6.8 g being obtained by shaking / cm 3 was reached. Degassing was carried out at 360 ° C., whereupon an upper cover with a suction opening was welded on. The mixture was then evacuated and hot-isostatically pressed in accordance with Example 2. The composite body thus obtained was forged on a long forging machine with a fourfold deformation. Further processing was carried out after solution annealing as in Example 2 to give a hot-drawing die.

Beispiel 4:Example 4:

Ähnlich wie im Beispiel 1 wurde zur Herstellung einer Kaltschlagmatrize für Torbandschrauben ein 100 mm langes Hüllenrohr von 70 mm Außendurchmesser und einer Wandung von 20 mm aus dem Werkstoff 25CrMo4 zur Gänze mit einem sphärisch ausgebildeten Legierungspulver der Zusammensetzung in Gew.-% 0,9 C, 0,6 Si, 0,55 Mn, 5,0 Cr, 6,5 Mo, 5,1 Co, 2,7 W, 2,5 V, Rest im wesentlichen Fe gefüllt, dieses durch Evakuieren verdichtet und das Hüllenrohr beiderseits gasdicht mittels aufgeschweißter Blechscheiben verschlossen. Das heiß-isostatische Pressen wurde bei 1050 °C und einem Gasdruck von 1100 bar drei Stunden lang vorgenommen. Im zentralen Bereich des Kernwerkstoffes wurde die für den angegebenen Verwendungszweck vorgesehene, der Schraubenform entsprechende Ausnehmung durch funkenerosive Bearbeitung hergestellt.Similar to Example 1, a 100 mm long sleeve tube with a 70 mm outer diameter and a wall of 20 mm made of the material 25CrMo4 was made entirely of a spherical alloy powder of the composition in% by weight 0.9 C to produce a cold impact die for gate screws. 0.6 Si, 0.55 Mn, 5.0 Cr, 6.5 Mo, 5.1 Co, 2.7 W, 2.5 V, rest essentially filled with Fe, this compressed by evacuation and the casing tube gas-tight on both sides by means of welded sheet metal washers closed. The hot isostatic pressing was carried out at 1050 ° C. and a gas pressure of 1100 bar for three hours. In the central area of the core material, the recess intended for the specified purpose and corresponding to the screw shape was produced by EDM machining.

An Stelle des Kapselrohres kann auch das Hüllenrohr direkt mit den Deckeln verschweißt werden, da teilweise keine Druckeinwirkung auf das Pulver in radialer Richtung auf Grund der Materialstärke des Hüllenrohres eintreten kann. Der Kern kann auch durch einen Hohlzylinder gebildet sein, wobei in diesem Falle über einen Dorn geschmiedet werden kann.Instead of the capsule tube, the sleeve tube can also be welded directly to the lids, since in some cases no pressure can act on the powder in the radial direction due to the material thickness of the sleeve tube. The core can also be formed by a hollow cylinder, in which case a mandrel can be used for forging.

Es kann auch'ein Hüllenrohr verwendet werden, das eine Innenbeschichtung, z.B. elektrolytisch abgeschieden aus Nickel od. dgl., aufweist, die als Haftvermittler zwischen dem Material des Hüllenrohres und dem Pulver auftreten kann.A cladding tube can also be used which has an inner coating, e.g. electrodeposited from nickel or the like., Which can occur as an adhesion promoter between the material of the cladding tube and the powder.

Bei allen angeführten Beispielen war ein vollflächiger Verbund zwischen dem Hüllenrohr und dem Innenteil eingetreten, wobei beispielsweise bei der Kobalthartlegierung gemäß Beispiel 1 folgende Eigenschaftsverbesserungen durch das heiß-isostatische Verpressen bzw. durch heiß-isostatisches Verpressen und Schmieden erreicht werden können.

Figure imgb0001
In all of the examples cited, a full-area bond had occurred between the casing tube and the inner part, the following property improvements, for example in the case of the cobalt hard alloy according to Example 1, being able to be achieved by hot-isostatic pressing or by hot-isostatic pressing and forging.
Figure imgb0001

Claims (8)

1. Verfahren zur Herstellung von Matrizen, insbesondere für die Metallverarbeitung, die einen formgebenden Innenteil und zumindest einen diesen teilweise umhüllenden Hüllenteil aus unterschiedlichen, metallischen Werkstoffen aufweisen, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß in ein Hüllenrohr, welches gegebenenfalls in einem Kapselrohr angeordnet wird, aus einer zähfesten Legierung, z.B. Stahl, eine Füllung aus einem eine Schüttdichte von zumindest 60 % der Dichte des kompakten Werkstoffes aufweisenden, pulverförmigen hochverschleißfesten, insbesondere hochwarmverschleißfesten und/oder korrosionsbeständigen Werkstoff, gegebenenfalls im vorgepreßten und/oder vorgesinterten Zustand und vorzugsweise unter Aussparung eines, insbesondere zentralen, Hohlbereiches des Hüllenrohres, eingebracht wird, gegebenenfalls verdichtet, und an den Hüllenrohrenden bzw. Kapselrohrenden verschlossen, worauf oder bevor evakuiert wird und das so verschlossene Rohr, z.B. in einer Schutzgasatmosphäre, bei zumindest 900 °C, jedoch unterhalb der Schmelzpunkte der metallischen Werkstoffe und einem Druck von zumindest 900 bar verpreßt wird und daß, gegebenenfalls nach einer Wärmebehandlung, der so erhaltene Verbundkörper, welcher einen vollflächigen metallischen Verbund zwischen Hüllenrohr und verdichtetem Werkstoff aufweist, formgebend, z.B. abgelängt, insbesondere spanabhebend, bearbeitet wird.1. A method for producing matrices, in particular for metalworking, which have a shaping inner part and at least one partially enveloping this shell part made of different metallic materials, characterized in that in a sleeve tube, which is optionally arranged in a capsule tube, from a tough Alloy, e.g. Steel, a filling of a powdery highly wear-resistant, in particular highly heat-resistant and / or corrosion-resistant material having a bulk density of at least 60% of the density of the compact material, optionally in the pre-pressed and / or pre-sintered state and preferably with the exception of one, in particular central, hollow area of the cladding tube , is introduced, if necessary compressed, and closed at the casing tube ends or capsule tube ends, whereupon or before evacuation and the tube thus sealed, for example in a protective gas atmosphere, at least 900 ° C, but below the melting point of the metallic materials and a pressure of at least 900 bar and that, if necessary after heat treatment, the composite body thus obtained, which has a full-surface metallic bond between the casing tube and the compressed material , shaping, e.g. cut to length, in particular machined. 2. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der zentrale Hohlbereich durch einen Füllkörper, vorzugsweise aus einem leicht zerspanbaren Material, z.B. Automatenstahl, ausgespart wird.2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the central hollow area by a filler, preferably made of an easily machinable material, e.g. Free cutting steel. 3. Verfahren nach Anspruch 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß ein Rohr als Füllkörper verwendet wird.3. The method according to claim 2, characterized in that a tube is used as a packing. 4. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1, 2 oder 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Verbundkörper vor seiner formgebenden Weiterverarbeitung zu einer Matrize einer Warmverformung, insbesondere Schmiedung, mit einer zumindest 1,3fachen, insbesondere zumindest 2fachen Verformung, unterworfen wird.4. The method according to claim 1, 2 or 3, characterized in that the composite body before its shaping Wei processing into a die is subjected to hot deformation, in particular forging, with at least 1.3 times, in particular at least 2 times, deformation. 5. Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß als Werkstoff zur Füllung des Hüllenrohres eine schwer verformbare Eisenbasislegierung, insbesondere ein ledeburitischer Chromstahl verwendet wird.5. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that a difficult-to-deform iron-based alloy, in particular a ledeburitic chrome steel, is used as the material for filling the casing tube. 6. Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß als hochverschleißfeste Legierung eine Kobaltbasislegierung verwendet wird.6. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that a cobalt-based alloy is used as the highly wear-resistant alloy. 7. Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß als hochverschleißfeste Legierung eine Nickelbasislegierung verwendet wird.7. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that a nickel-based alloy is used as the highly wear-resistant alloy. 8. Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 7, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das Hüllenrohr eine Innenbeschichtung aus einem Haftvermittler, z.B. Nickel, aufweist.8. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that the casing tube an inner coating of an adhesion promoter, e.g. Nickel.
EP83890233A 1982-12-23 1983-12-22 Process for treating metals by using dies Expired EP0114592B1 (en)

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US4747225A (en) 1988-05-31
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GR79748B (en) 1984-10-31
EP0114593A1 (en) 1984-08-01
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ATE33218T1 (en) 1988-04-15
EP0114592B1 (en) 1988-03-30
EP0114591A1 (en) 1984-08-01
GR81355B (en) 1984-12-11
ATE33219T1 (en) 1988-04-15
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ES528315A0 (en) 1984-12-01

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