EP2172061A1 - Convertisseur de son électrostatique en feuille et son procédé de fabrication - Google Patents

Convertisseur de son électrostatique en feuille et son procédé de fabrication

Info

Publication number
EP2172061A1
EP2172061A1 EP08774455A EP08774455A EP2172061A1 EP 2172061 A1 EP2172061 A1 EP 2172061A1 EP 08774455 A EP08774455 A EP 08774455A EP 08774455 A EP08774455 A EP 08774455A EP 2172061 A1 EP2172061 A1 EP 2172061A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
electrodes
electrostatic
sound transducer
film
laterally spaced
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP08774455A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Michael Heite
Martin-Philipp Getrost
Rainer Kunz
Thilo-J. Werners
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Covestro Deutschland AG
Original Assignee
Bayer MaterialScience AG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Bayer MaterialScience AG filed Critical Bayer MaterialScience AG
Priority to EP08774455A priority Critical patent/EP2172061A1/fr
Publication of EP2172061A1 publication Critical patent/EP2172061A1/fr
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04R—LOUDSPEAKERS, MICROPHONES, GRAMOPHONE PICK-UPS OR LIKE ACOUSTIC ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSDUCERS; DEAF-AID SETS; PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEMS
    • H04R19/00—Electrostatic transducers
    • H04R19/01—Electrostatic transducers characterised by the use of electrets
    • H04R19/013—Electrostatic transducers characterised by the use of electrets for loudspeakers
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04R—LOUDSPEAKERS, MICROPHONES, GRAMOPHONE PICK-UPS OR LIKE ACOUSTIC ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSDUCERS; DEAF-AID SETS; PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEMS
    • H04R31/00—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for the manufacture of transducers or diaphragms therefor
    • H04R31/006—Interconnection of transducer parts
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04R—LOUDSPEAKERS, MICROPHONES, GRAMOPHONE PICK-UPS OR LIKE ACOUSTIC ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSDUCERS; DEAF-AID SETS; PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEMS
    • H04R7/00—Diaphragms for electromechanical transducers; Cones
    • H04R7/02—Diaphragms for electromechanical transducers; Cones characterised by the construction

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to an electrostatic film Schallwandwandier, a process for its preparation and its use.
  • One of the essential practical applications for a speaker is the reproduction of speech or music in electroacoustic transmission.
  • the speaker in the chain of transmission elements is the end member, which determines the achievable transmission quality by its properties in most cases.
  • a sound emitting element is a diaphragm, i. a plate with a very small layer thickness, used.
  • a well-known speaker type is the electrostatic loudspeaker, which is used for special applications, for example as a tweeter.
  • two spaced-apart planar electrodes are electrically contacted, connected to a correspondingly designed audio amplifier and a corresponding audio frequency alternating voltage is applied.
  • the electrodes used in this case can be formed as a foil.
  • the structure of the electrostatic loudspeaker thus corresponds to that of a capacitor.
  • the loudspeaker diaphragm can lie between the two electrodes and be controlled by the electric field; but it can also be one of the electrodes.
  • the electrostatic principle two electrodes with the same charge repel, whereas two electrodes with unequal charge attract.
  • the voltage level is a measure of the deflection of the electrodes, a high voltage causes a large deflection, a low voltage causes a small deflection. Changing the polarity of the electrical voltage causes a deflection in the opposite direction.
  • the force acting on the electrodes is not linear, but proportional to the square of the voltage. As a result, a membrane is vibrated and it comes to a tone generation,
  • Such a built-up electrostatic loudspeaker based on film can additionally sandwich, for example, a piezoelectric layer between the electrodes arranged at a distance.
  • a piezoelectric layer between the electrodes arranged at a distance.
  • the piezoelectric material leads between the conductive layers upon application of a variable voltage to a vibration of the surface
  • the disadvantage of such a loudspeaker structure is in the relatively complex production of such a piezoelectric layer between two foils, in which case a loudspeaker constructed in this way is additionally sensitive to mechanical stress.
  • electrostatic loudspeaker is known from EP 0 883 972 B1.
  • This electrostatic loudspeaker has a plate-shaped structure.
  • a porous stator plate is either electrically conductive or plated on at least one side to be electrically conductive.
  • at least one movable membrane is provided with at least one electrically conductive surface.
  • the electrostatic loudspeaker in this case has an arrangement in which the electrically conductive porous stator plates are disposed opposite one another and separated from one another by the membrane. Due to the arrangement with an inner membrane, it is necessary that at least one stator plate is porous, so that the sound waves can leave the electrostatic loudspeaker.
  • the electrostatic loudspeaker described in EP 0 883 972 B1 is disadvantageous in that it can be moved through the porous stator plate Interferences and thus to a limited SchalMeistung can come.
  • both opposing foil electrodes must be provided with an electrical connection, but at least the foil electrode provided as membrane must move.
  • the electrical connection of this membrane electrode formed as a membrane is generally fixed, the mobility of the film electrode is at least limited.
  • both foil electrodes Since generally one of the foil electrodes is movable and the other foil electrode is fixed, ie fixed, in a corresponding electrostatic foil loudspeaker, both foil electrodes must generally be provided with a different connection technique, which makes the production of corresponding foil loudspeakers cumbersome and cost-intensive.
  • both foil electrodes are electrically contacted and occupied with a voltage of up to several thousand volts.
  • the present invention has for its object to provide an electrostatic Foüenschaliwandler available, which preferably allows easy connection of the electrodes.
  • the connection of the Foiien- electrodes should be designed so that preferably no harmonics are generated by the connection of the electrodes.
  • the electrostatic film sound transducer should preferably have a high level of security against contact, without the sound-emitting Foiienkonstrutation is simultaneously formed too thick or detrimental to a sound output.
  • inventive electrostatic film sound converter should be rational to produce in large quantities.
  • an electrostatic film sound transducer comprising at least two laterally spaced planar electrodes and at least one electrically conductive layer, which is not electrically connected to these planar electrodes and which is provided flat and substantially parallel to the two laterally spaced electrodes
  • substantially parallel means that the angle formed between the plane formed by the at least two laterally spaced angeord ⁇ Neten electrodes and the plane formed by the electrically conductive layer is at most 45 °, preferably at most 35 °, more preferably at most 25 °, especially at most 15 °, especially at most 10 °, more particularly at most 5 ° rägt.
  • a film-type changer comprises:
  • a preferably flat substrate preferably a polymeric film
  • An electrically conductive layer which may be designed either as a floating or grounded electrode, as the center electrode.
  • the center electrode which can be designed either as a floating, that is not contacted and galvanically separated from the electrodes, or grounded electrode, is necessary for the function of the film bulkhead sensor, the entire pressure layer structure in itself by electrostatic interactions or on the other to vibrate by piezoelectric effects. A combination of electrostatic interactions and piezoelectric effects is also possible. Electro-technically considered, the center electrode is located between the spaced-apart planar electrodes; considered electrotechnically thus results in the series connection of two capacitors with the center electrode in the middle.
  • the electrostatic film sound transducer according to the invention is constructed essentially as follows:
  • Embodiment 1 is a diagrammatic representation of Embodiment 1:
  • a preferably flat substrate preferably a polymeric film
  • a preferably flat substrate preferably a polymeric film, as an intermediate layer
  • planar electrodes, the intermediate layer, as far as it is not formed by the substrate as in the embodiment II, and the center electrode according to the invention preferably by printing technique, in particular gravure printing and / or screen printing, and / or squeegee technique and / or spray technique and / or Dispensertechnik and or inkjet method.
  • the layers are produced by screen printing.
  • the substrate may also be provided with a further layer before the electrodes are applied, so that the original substrate can be removed after the completion of the layers,
  • the embodiment I on an original substrate, preferably by printing, first the center electrode, then at least one intermediate layer, then at least two laterally spaced arranged planar electrodes and then serving as the actual substrate layer are applied, wherein the original substrate according to Completion of the layers can be removed.
  • ADJUSTED SHEET (RULE 91) ISA / EP According to the invention and in fundamental difference to the prior art, namely not two opposite planar and mutually movable electrodes are arranged in the manner of a capacitor with a special interlayer construction, but at least two laterally adjacent arranged flat electrodes are selected and a spaced electrically conductive sounding de Electrode used. In this case, the at least two electrically conductive electrodes are located together on one side of the electrically conductive sound-emitting film.
  • the at least two provided laterally arranged electrodes are fixed. Therefore, the connection of these at least two laterally arranged electrodes is simpler than in foil elec- trodes in which the electrodes move. Furthermore, there is less problem with the formation of harmonics (distortion factor).
  • the center electrode has to be electrically conductive but not live, the user of the film sound transducer according to the invention can touch the sound-emitting film without the risk of an electric shock. In particular, it is not necessary to protect the side of the film sound transducer according to the invention with the center electrode, for example by a grid.
  • the invention can be designed to be relatively thin film because of extensive insulation of the arrangement is not required.
  • the size and shape of the respective electrodes as well as the center electrode can vary widely and are generally not limited. Accordingly, the electrodes and the center electrode can be adapted in their respective size to the intended use of the inventive foil sound transducer.
  • the size ratio of electrodes to electrically conductive acoustic foil may also vary.
  • the additive surface of the at least two electrodes prefferably be larger than the surface of the electrically conductive, foam-releasing foil, ie. the at least two electrodes laterally project beyond the center electrode,
  • the additive surface of the at least two electrodes is smaller than the surface of the electrically conductive sound-emitting electrode, d. H. that the cap electrode protrudes laterally beyond the two electrodes.
  • the additive area of the at least two electrodes is substantially equal to the area of the electrically conductive sound-emitting film.
  • the one in which the surfaces of the at least two electrodes and the center electrode are substantially the same size is preferred. If the area of the at least two electrodes is smaller than the area of the electrically conductive electrode, only a lower sound power can be generated, while with a larger area of the at least two electrodes, harmonics can occur compared to the area of the center electrode.
  • the film sound transducer according to the invention can be formed as individual elements such as laterally spaced electrodes or even the center electrode of coated films or multiple layer sequences in the form of extrusions and coextrusions and lamination Vorgä ⁇ gen.
  • At least two laterally spaced-apart electrodes are provided in the sound-emitting element.
  • the distance between the laterally spaced electrodes should at least be chosen so that the dielectric strength is given and no voltage is overturned.
  • the at least two laterally spaced-apart planar electrodes are connected to an audio amplifier.
  • the audio amplifier is an audio source for any alternating voltage, which is suitable for transmitting the audio frequencies to be generated in the form of variable voltage to the respectively connected electrodes and to correspondingly modulate the electric field in the film sound transducer,
  • an earth-free audio frequency alternating voltage can generally be applied to the at least two laterally spaced electrodes.
  • a grounded audio frequency alternating voltage can be applied to the at least two electrodes arranged laterally.
  • a bias voltage can be increased, the sound level is applied to ⁇ addition to the Tonfrequenzcicnaps whereby sic h.
  • a bias voltage is understood to be a DC voltage in the sense of a bias voltage.
  • a bias DC voltage of> 500 V, preferably> 1000 V can be applied between the conductive layers, wherein an audio voltage with a maximum voltage amplitude of> 200 volts can be applied.
  • an audio voltage with a maximum voltage amplitude of> 200 volts can be applied.
  • the maximum voltage amplitude of the audio voltage always remains lower than the applied constant high voltage.
  • the at least two laterally spaced-apart planar electrodes are designed with electrical connections. In this case, care should preferably be taken to ensure adequate electrical insulation and the routing of the connections or the connection to the audio amplifier.
  • the electrostatic film sound transducer can be formed integrally with the drive electronics of the audio amplifier and / or the bias voltage.
  • the corresponding control electronics of the audio amplifier and / or the bias voltage can be provided on a substrate, which also carries the electrostatic film sound transducer, that is, for example, integrally connected to the at least two laterally arranged electrodes.
  • substrates in this case preferably printed circuit boards and / or Piatinen in question, which can also serve as a substrate for the electrostatic film sound transducer.
  • Electrodes themselves may be rectangular, rounded, spiral or comb-like, although other shapes or combinations of shapes are possible. Corresponding forms are shown in Figures 1 to 3: Figure 1: rectangular design Figure 2: rounded design Figure 3: spiral design,
  • the geometric design of the at least two laterally arranged electrodes should preferably be such that the direct distance of the electrodes is substantially greater than the distance to the electrically conductive layer and is selected in the practical embodiment in the millimeter range to centimeter range, while the distance of the electrodes to the electrically conductive layer may be in the range of a few hundredths of a mm to 10 mm.
  • an electrostatic film sound transducer may also have multiple pairs of electrodes and these can be fed only via an Audioqueiie or audio frequency alternating voltage or over several or with Tonfrequenz facialhoven with different phase.
  • the laterally arranged planar electrodes including the connections can be covered with a preferably air-bubble-tight insulation layer.
  • This insulation layer is a layer which preferably has a higher dielectric strength than air.
  • This Isoiations Mrs can be applied in liquid form by means of printing technique or doctor blade technique or spray technique or dispensing or in the form of a thin film.
  • As an insulating layer for example, a known from the board production paint can be used.
  • a film with back electrodes can be used.
  • the laterally arranged electrodes should preferably be covered with the insulating layer very well and free of air entrapment, since the audio frequency alternating voltage or a bias voltage requires a good dielectric constant insulating coverage of the electrodes.
  • the center electrode which may be embodied either as a floating or grounded electrode, which is arranged above the two laterally spaced-apart electrodes, is designed in the form of a layer, wherein this layer is designed to be electrically conductive.
  • the center electrode may be grounded or ungrounded. For safety reasons, it is preferred to form the center electrode grounded.
  • the area conductivity of the center electrode is dependent on the sound-emitting element and may be more than 2,000 ohms / square for small-area elements and less than 500 ohms / square for large-area elements.
  • the surface conductivity is less than 2,000 ohms / square, especially less than 1,000 ohms / square.
  • the electrical conductivity of the center electrode can be obtained in different ways.
  • an electrically conductive layer can be provided on a corresponding film material, for example by means of a vacuum-technical coating.
  • ADJUSTED SHEET (RULE 91) ISA / EP Druckp ⁇ sten.
  • Further application methods for the electrically conductive layer are, for example, so-called sputtering methods, screen printing methods, inkjet methods or gravure printing methods,
  • Preferred conductive polymers are conductive polythiophenes, in particular conductive polyalkylenedioxythiophenes. The preparation is described, for example, in DE 41 18 704 and EP 0 339 340. A preferred conductive polymer is 3,4-polyethylenedioxythiophene.
  • Clevios ® P from HC Starck
  • HC Starck is an aqueous dispersion containing 0.5.% Of 3,4-polyethylenedioxythiophene (PEDOT) and 0.8 wt.% Polyst- rolsulfonat (PSS), Further preferred intrinsically conductive polymers, conductive polyanilines, including Versicon ® (Allied signal), a polyaniline having a conductivity of 2-4 S / cm or Ormecon ® (Zipper Kessler & Co),
  • pastes containing silver, other metals, carbon, nanoparticles, conductive polymers and / or other electrically conductive materials are commercially available and known to the person skilled in the art.
  • pastes from Agfa Gevaert GmbH in particular the EL-P3000 series, can P4000 series, the EL-P5000 series and the EL-P6000 series, as well as the pastes mentioned in Ormecon L5000, L5001, L5002, L5003, L5004, L5005, L5006, L5007 or 6510- 108-005, or with silver, other metals Pastes filled with carbon or other electrically conductive materials, such as Luxprint 8144, 7152, 7162, 9145, 7102, 7105, 5000 or 7164 from DuPont de Nemours and Company, the pastes from Acheson Industries Ltd, known as Electrodag, such as Electrodag PF -41 0, 725A, 418 SS, PF-407C or 965 SS, or pastes designated L5000
  • pastes according to the invention may also themselves be formulated. According to the invention, 10 to 90% by weight, preferably 20 to 70% by weight, are particularly preferred for formulating a printing paste for producing an electrically conductive coating preferably from 30 to 60% by weight, based in each case on the total weight of the paste, Clevios P, Clevios P, Clevios P AG, Clevios P HCV4, Clevios P HS, Clevios PH, Clevios PH 500, Clevios PH 510 or any mixtures
  • solvents there may be used dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), N, N-dimethylformamide, N, N-dimethylacetamide, ethylene glycol, glycerol, sorbitol, methanol, ethanol, isopropanol, N-propan
  • the surface additive and adhesion activator Silquest Al 87, Neo Rez R986, Dynol 604 and / or mixtures of two or more of these substances can be contained.
  • the amount thereof is preferably 0.3 to 2.5 wt .-%, based on the total weight of the screen printing paste.
  • a binder may be added to the paste, preferably as an aqueous emulsion.
  • Bayderm UD-85 from Lanxess or an aqueous suspension of a polyurethane from Bayer Materia! Science, for example Bayhydrol 850. W, Bayhydrol A 145, Bayhydrol A 242, Bayhydrol B 1 30, Bayhydrol Dl 55, Bayhydrol D 270,
  • These binders are preferably used in amounts of about 0.5 to 30% by weight Used 3 to 20 wt .-%,
  • a formulation of a printing paste which is particularly preferred according to the invention for producing the partially transparent electrode comprises:
  • these electrode materials After these electrode materials have been applied to a corresponding substrate, they are then dried at temperatures of for example 80 to 1 20 0 C.
  • ITO indium-tin oxide materials
  • ATO electrically conductive materials
  • nanostructured particles When a CNT-containing printing paste is used, this paste contains nanostructured particles.
  • the term “particles with nanostructures” is understood to mean nanoscale material structures which are selected from the group consisting of single-wall carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs), multi-Walt carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs), nanohorns, nanodisks, nanocones (ie, cone-shaped structures), metallic nanowires, and combinations of the aforementioned particles.
  • Corresponding particles with carbon-based nanostructures can be made, for example, from carbon nanotubes (single-shell and multi-shell), Carbon nanofasem (herringbone, leaflet, helical) and the like exist.
  • Carbon nanotubes. are designated (herringbone, platelet-, screw-type), internationally known as "carbon nanotubes (single-walled and multi-walled) and carbon nanofibers as carbon nanofibers.
  • the electrical conductivity can thus be made suitable or the flexibility and insensitivity to crazing in the conductive layers can thus be improved, i. a suitable elasticity (characterized by the material characteristic E-Mpdul) can be achieved.
  • the center electrode is formed of a metal
  • aluminum is used as the material for the electrically conductive layer.
  • Aluminum is a light metal, which does not disturb the vibrations of the film sound transducer and at the same time can easily be vapor-deposited on a film material.
  • this Folien ⁇ materia! be constructed for example of a thermoplastic material.
  • a corresponding polymeric film can also be used in particular if a graphic design of the film sound transducer is provided. In this case, the graphic design can be provided on • the polymeric film. In this case, the graphic design of the polymeric film can take place only on one side of the film or else on both sides of the film.
  • a graphic design can for
  • ADJUSTED SHEET (RULE 91) ISA / EP Example by screen printing or inkjet done. It is also possible to emboss the foil,
  • the thermoplastic material of the film is selected from the group consisting of polycarbonate (PC), oriented polypropylene (OPP), polypropylene (PP), polyethylene terephthalate (PET), acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene rubber, ABS) , Polyvinyl fluoride (PVF), polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA), polyethylene (PE), biaxia! ornated polypropylene (BOP) and polyimide (PI).
  • PC polycarbonate
  • OPP oriented polypropylene
  • PP polypropylene
  • PET polyethylene terephthalate
  • ABS acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene rubber
  • PVF Polyvinyl fluoride
  • PMMA polymethyl methacrylate
  • PE polyethylene
  • BOP biaxia! ornated polypropylene
  • PI polyimide
  • Particular preference is given to films of polypropylene and polycarbonate, if appropriate in combination with a metal coating, for example an aluminum
  • the requirements for the adhesives used are the good and durable connection of the adhesive partners with the thinnest possible application of material.
  • solvent-based adhesive systems two-component adhesive systems as well as reactive or partially reactive adhesive systems or hot-melt adhesive systems can be used.
  • this can be done by vacuum technology using sputtering technology. or vapor-deposition technology, in particular based on aluminum, or it is possible to use a rolled or electroplated thin aluminum layer or aluminum foil,
  • a carrier preferably a polymeric film, can also be used for the center electrode without coating if it itself is already electrically conductive.
  • Intrinsically conductive polymers are usually ethylenically unsaturated and conjugated, allowing easy charge transport in the polymer molecule. Such polymers are also referred to as organic metals. They have a conductivity of at least 10 '5 , preferably of at least 1 0 '2, particularly preferably of at least 1 Siemens / cm.
  • Suitable intrinsically conductive polymers are selected for example from polymers based on Poiyanilin, Polya nisidin, Polydipheny- lamin, polyacetylene, polythiophene, Pofythiopren, Polythienyienvinylen, bithiophene, Pofypyrrol and Such polymers are often made electrically conductive by doping, either chemically or electrochemically, and by treatment with oxidants such as iodine, sodium peroxydisulfate or bromine or a strong acid, suitable polymers are partially oxidized and thereby electrically conductive
  • oxidants such as iodine, sodium peroxydisulfate or bromine or a strong acid
  • Suitable polymers are, for example, polyradical cations
  • polyradical cations be used in combination with polymeric anionic compounds (polyanions) and that the compositions contain no further cationic substances whose counterions compete for the polyanions and lead to precipitation.
  • the support preferably a polymeric film, onto which the center electrode is applied or which serves as the center electrode, preferably has a thickness of 5 to 500 .mu.m, more preferably 1 0 to 200 .mu.m, in particular 1 5 to 1 00 .mu.m.
  • the center electrode as a whole consists of three or more layers, wherein at least one layer is formed electrically capable of electrical conductivity.
  • the center electrode may be grounded or ungrounded.
  • the electrostatic foil sound transducer according to the invention has at least one further layer between the at least two flatly arranged laterally spaced-apart electrodes and the central electrode.
  • This layer is electrically non-conductive (dielectric layer), This layer may also be air hand.
  • this layer is formed so that there is no electrical contact between the laterally disposed electrodes and the center electrode.
  • the electrostatic film sound transducer according to the invention has a layer which is permeable to air.
  • the electrostatic film sound transducer according to the invention has a layer which is elasticallycompensatable.
  • the electrostatic film bulk converter according to the invention has a layer which has non-polar and polar properties, ie a layer which has electret properties.
  • a layer which has electret properties Under an electret an electrically insulating material is understood in the context of the present invention ⁇ , containing the quasi-permanent electric charge and / or quasi-permanently oriented electric dipoles and som it a quasi-permanent field in its environment and / or in his In Neren ER- testifies.
  • the layer shown above and preferably present it is preferably formed as a foam ⁇ layer, a fleece or an elastic screen printing fabric, a screen printing layer, wherein the choice of suitable materials, the above-mentioned and preferred properties of the layer can be achieved.
  • this electrically non-conductive layer may thus be formed as an elastic foam.
  • both closed-pored and open-pored foam can be used, but open-pore foam is more favorable in terms of the pressure compensation necessary for improving the sound.
  • the non-conductive intermediate layer may be formed as an elastic textile fabric of individual fibers without filler, a so-called nonwoven material. It is pointed out that this nonwoven material is preferably not paper, since the paper is provided with large proportions of non-elastic filler and is thus not suitable,
  • the layer in the electrostatic film sound transducer according to the invention may have a thickness of 20 ⁇ m to 10 mm, particularly preferably 30 ⁇ m to 200 ⁇ m.
  • pastes with which an electrically insulating coating can be produced for example by screen printing, as well as self-formulated pastes.
  • These contain a binder and one or more organic or inorganic fillers. Further, these pastes may be provided with one or more solvents and one or more optional additives.
  • pastes whose constituents are, inter alia, materials having a high dielectric constant are particularly suitable. A high dielectric constant can be achieved for example by an inorganic filler and / or by the selection of a suitable binder, Possible inorganic fillers are those which have a high electrical constant.
  • PbZrO 3 , MgZrO 3 , SrZrO 3 , ZnZrO 3 and TiO 2 or mixtures of two or more of these fillers are used.
  • Preferred according to the invention are BaTiO 3 or PbZrO 3 or mixtures thereof, preferably in quantities of from 5 to 80% by weight, preferably from 10 to 75% by weight, particularly preferably from 40 to 70% by weight. Binders with a high die
  • the dielectric constants are, for example, cyanoresin from Shin Etsu, or also PVDF, which is offered, for example, by DuPont as a ready-formulated binder.
  • the pastes mentioned for 8153, 3571, 501 7A, 501 8, 5036 can be used to produce an insulating layer according to the invention from DuPont.
  • Other commercially available materials are, for example, cyanoresin from Shin Etsu, or also PVDF, which is offered, for example, by DuPont as a ready-formulated binder.
  • the pastes mentioned for 8153, 3571, 501 7A, 501 8, 5036 can be used to produce an insulating layer according to the invention from DuPont.
  • binders For the formulation of a printing paste for producing an insulation layer according to the invention, for example one- or preferably two-component polyurethane systems can be used as binders, while
  • Rhodia Rhodia
  • Degussa Vinylat, eg Vestanat T and B
  • Sapici Benasedo
  • Synthesia Baxenden
  • Dow brand names eg Vorastar
  • Acheson ICI
  • Hausman CIBA
  • Desmodur and Desmophen examples include ethyl acetate, butyl acetate, 1-methoxypropyl acetate-2, ethoxypropyl acetate, toluene, xylene, Solvesso 100, Shellsol A or mixtures of two or more of these solvents!
  • solvents ethyl acetate, butyl acetate, 1-methoxypropyl acetate-2, ethoxypropyl acetate, toluene, xylene, Solvesso 100, Shellsol A or mixtures of two or more of these solvents!
  • additives such as leveling agents and rheology additives can be used to improve the
  • rheology additives reduce the settling behavior of fillers in the paste.
  • rheological additives are known to the person skilled in the art, for example from BYK or Elementis.
  • As a leveling agent for example, additives from Cytec Industries Ine, such as Modaflow Resin or Additol VXL 4930 or an additive mixed with Solvents are preferably used, preferably 40 to 60% Additol XL 480 or Additol XL 490 in Butoxyl.
  • the dielectric layer preferably has a dielectric constant of more than 5, preferably more than 20, more preferably more than 50, most preferably more than 70 aut,
  • Preferred pastes for a printing paste for producing insulating layers according to the invention comprise, for example:
  • a layer according to the invention which is produced by the screen printing method with the pastes described above has a layer thickness of 5 to 50 ⁇ m, preferably 8 to 40 ⁇ m.
  • the electrostatic film sound transducer (1) according to the invention is arranged in a preferred embodiment on a substrate.
  • the substrate can be formed in different ways.
  • the substrate is preferably designed such that it has a corresponding mass or inertia with respect to the sound generated by the electrostatic film sound transducer.
  • the substrate may have the form of a wallpaper-like element, which is attached to a possible wall, floor or ceiling element, for example by means of adhesive technology.
  • such an electrostatic film loudspeaker may be attached to a wall element, e.g. In this basic version, even with an extremely thin layer structure of about 1 to 5 mm, in particular less than 4 mm, and a dimension in the range of 0.5 x 0.5 m, a directional sounding over several meters reached up to 100 m and above.
  • the substrate is fastened to a wall, floor or ceiling element, it is not absolutely necessary for the substrate itself to have a certain inherent rigidity. If the substrate has no inherent rigidity, however, then the mass of the wall, floor or ceiling element to which the substrate is attached should be so large that the substrate in combination with the wall, floor or ceiling element has sufficient inertia opposite the sound. This allows optimal sound radiation.
  • the substrate itself may also be formed as an intrinsically stiff or massively inert element.
  • the electrostatic film sound transducer it is possible to attach the electrostatic film sound transducer in any position, for example in a room or outdoors.
  • the inherently rigid substrate with the corresponding associated electrostatic film sound transducer by means of fastening devices, such as adhesive, screw, clamp or plug-in attachments to other wall,.
  • Floor or ceiling elements be releasably or permanently attached. If the substrate provided according to the invention is intrinsically rigid in such a case, it is not necessary that the elements on which
  • ADJUSTED SHEET (RULE 91) ISA / EP the substrate is fixed, have a certain inertia to the sound.
  • the substrate has a surface weight which corresponds to at least 10 times, preferably at least 1,000 times, the basis weight of all remaining layers of the film sound transducer.
  • the substrate is spatially configured so that the sound is emitted in a targeted manner.
  • the targeted alignment of the erf ⁇ gsdorfen foil sound transducer is advantageous.
  • the substrate provided according to the invention can be designed to be clamped in a frame.
  • a unilateral and a bilateral sound radiation is possible, it being possible, in particular in the above-described embodiment i, in a two-sided Schaliabstrahiung to arrange two inventive film sound transducers back to back and then this arrangement respectively a substrate, so at least two substrates, or may have a common substrate.
  • Under the back is understood to be the substantially non-sound emitting surface, the substrate side of Foiienschallwandlers.
  • the electrostatic foil sound transducer according to the invention can also be attached to the frame in addition to the thermally activatable attachment well by cold glue systems or liquid adhesive or mechanical fastening or ultrasound or friction welding.
  • the substrate is a frame, between which the acoustically active loudspeaker surface (electrically conductive sound-emitting film) is clamped.
  • the frame-constituting substrate is performed in the manner of a guard electrode.
  • an electronic circuit which shorts or switches off the high-voltage supply in the event of a hazard.
  • an abnormally high current flow at the high-voltage supply or a sudden voltage drop which indicates a short circuit between the audio potential and the bia potential, can be detected as dangers.
  • this insulation layer can also be produced by printing technology, in particular gravure printing and / or screen printing, and / or doctor blade technology and / or spray technology and / or dispensing technology and / or inkjet processes.
  • this layer is produced by screen printing.
  • correspondingly deformable screen printing inks for example paints from Proll KG in D-91 781 Weibel are available. ßenburg in Bavaria with the designation Aquapress ® or Noriphan ® preferred for the achievement of visually attractive products.
  • the electrostatic film sound transducer according to the invention can thus be deformed three-dimensionally, wherein the radii of curvature can be smaller than 2 mm, preferably smaller than 1 mm.
  • the deformation angle can be greater than 60 °, preferably greater than 75 °, particularly preferably greater than 90 °, in particular greater than 105 °.
  • a further subject of the present invention is a system comprising at least two electrostatic film sound transducers as described above.
  • the two electrostatic film sound transducers such that the sound radiation does not take place substantially in parallel.
  • the film sound transducers substantially in exactly the opposite direction, so that the sound radiation takes place in exactly the opposite direction.
  • the at least two electrostatic film sound transducers used in the system can be supplied with an audio frequency alternating voltage and / or bias voltage or with two or more differently tuned audio frequency alternating voltages and / or bias voltages.
  • the film sound transducers according to the invention can be produced by the methods and method steps known to the person skilled in the art.
  • a substrate is used on which the two laterally spaced electrodes are applied.
  • ADJUSTED SHEET (RULE 91) ISA / EP tion of the electrodes can be done in different ways. For example, it is possible to stick them to a substrate or otherwise fix them.
  • the center electrode spaced therefrom is fixed spaced from these two electrodes.
  • a fixation can be done for example by a frame in which the center electrode is clamped.
  • the connections of the electrodes take place in a manner known per se to the person skilled in the art.
  • the flat electrodes, the intermediate layer, unless it is formed by the substrate as in the embodiment II, and the center electrode, which can be embodied either as a floating or grounded electrode, are preferred according to the invention preferably by printing technology, in particular gravure printing and / or Screen printing, and / or doctor blade technique and / or spray technique and / or dispensing technique and / or inkjet method produced, according to the invention particularly preferably, the layers are produced by screen printing,
  • Another object of the present invention is the use of an electrostatic film sound transducer as described above or a corresponding system comprising a plurality of these electrostatic Folienhschallwandler, as an active sound element in a building, in land, water or air vehicles for targeted sound and sound reduction in the sense of an antiphase sound.
  • Figure 1 a rectangular configuration of the laterally arranged electrodes
  • FIG. 4 shows a schematic illustration of an exemplary electrostatic film sound transducer element (1) with two approximately equal-area and symmetrically arranged lateral electrodes (3, 4) in plan view and FIG. 4
  • FIG. 5 shows a schematic section A-B of an exemplary electrostatic film sound transducer element (1) with two approximately uniform and symmetrically arranged lateral electrodes (3, 4).
  • FIG. 4 shows a top view of a schematic representation of an exemplary electrostatic film sound transducer element (1) with two approximately uniform and symmetrically arranged laterally arranged electrodes (3, 4).
  • the substrate (2) can be formed in a variety of ways.
  • the substrate (2) requires almost no inherent rigidity and can be attached by glueing to a flat as possible wall, floor or ceiling element, the mass of this wall, floor or ceiling element must be correspondingly large and thus has a certain inertia to sound and allows optimal sound radiation.
  • the substrate [2] can itself be formed as an intrinsically stiff or mass-bearing element and can thus be arranged freely in a room or by means of gluing, screwing, clamping or plug-in fastening or the like fastening techniques according to the prior art on a wall -, Floor or ceiling element releasably or permanently attached.
  • the substrate (2) can be embodied spatially configured and can thus radiate the sound in a targeted manner.
  • the substrate (2) can be designed to be clamped in a frame, whereby depending on the thickness of the substrate (2), a one-sided sound radiation is achieved or bilateral sound radiation can be achieved
  • At least two flat laterally arranged electrodes (3, 4) are formed on the substrate (2).
  • the production of these electrodes (3, 4) can be carried out by methods which are or are used in the field of flexible or rigid printed circuit board technology conductive printing pastes can be used for the production of printing technology or thin conductive foaming elements can be applied laterally side by side,
  • the geometric configuration of the at least two laterally arranged electrodes (3, 4) should preferably be at least such that the direct distance of the electrodes (3, 4) is substantially greater than the isolation distance to the center electrode (7, Figure 5)
  • the practical design is selected in the millimeter range, while the insulation distance in the range of some 1 0 to 1 00 .mu.m, In Figure 4 a uniform and symmetrical training is shown. However, equally non-uniform and asymmetrical designs are possible and the electrode shapes can be rectangular or rounded or spiral-shaped or comb-like; see . Figures 1 to 3.
  • the at least two laterally arranged planar electrodes (3, 4) are designed with electrical connections [10].
  • the electrodes (3, 4) including the terminals (10) are covered with an isotope layer (5).
  • This layer (5) can be applied in liquid form by means of printing technique or Rakeite technique or spray technique or Dispensertechnik or in the form of a thin film, In principle, a film (5) with back-side electrodes (3, 4) can be used.
  • a floating center electrode (7) on an intermediate layer (6) (foam layer ( ⁇ ) or nonwoven element (6) or elastic Siebdruckgesente (6)) on the substrate (2) with the electrodes (3, 4) and the insulating layer (5) are arranged
  • FIG. 5 shows a schematic section A-B of an exemplary electrostatic film sound transducer element (1) with two approximately equal-area and symmetrically arranged lateral electrodes (3, 4).
  • the sound radiation (1 1) takes place in one direction.
  • the sound radiation (1 1) can also take place in the direction opposite to 1 80 degrees, even with suitable substrate formation (2) and suitable electrode configuration (3, 4) and suitable layer selection (5, 6, 7, 8, 9), with preference being given the substrate is in this case clamped in a frame.
  • the foil element (9), consisting of the layers 7 and 8 (FIG. 5), in this exemplary embodiment is connected in a bordering manner to the substrate surface (2).
  • the film element (9) may be provided on the inside with an acrylate coating and this can be realized by a very easy-to-use thermally acting die,
  • cold glue systems or liquid adhesive or mechanical fastening or ultrasonic or friction welding can be used as well
  • the various layers or films (2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8) are placed in an injection mold and at least provided with a frame.
  • a thermoplastic injection molding grid can be formed in a wide variety of design variants which are well known from loudspeaker cover grille systems in the automotive industry
  • Injection molding techniques can be used. It is very easy to integrate the electrical connections.
  • the schematic section A-B in Figure 5 is only an exemplary embodiment.
  • the laterally arranged electrodes can be any shape.
  • an additional film (not shown) can also be applied via the film sound transducer.
  • This additional film can be graphically designed on the inside and / or outside and this film may be provided with a conductive layer similar to the film element (9), and this capable layer may be grounded and thus used as additional protection against contact in case of damage to the film element (9).
  • center electrode 8 support for the center electrode

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Acoustics & Sound (AREA)
  • Signal Processing (AREA)
  • Multimedia (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Electrostatic, Electromagnetic, Magneto- Strictive, And Variable-Resistance Transducers (AREA)
  • Transducers For Ultrasonic Waves (AREA)
  • Ultra Sonic Daignosis Equipment (AREA)

Abstract

La présente invention concerne un convertisseur de son électrostatique en feuille qui comporte au moins deux électrodes plates séparées latéralement ainsi qu'au moins une couche (7) plate électriquement conductrice non connectée à ces électrodes plates et disposée sur les deux électrodes séparées latéralement. L'invention concerne en outre la fabrication du convertisseur de son électrostatique en feuille et son utilisation.
EP08774455A 2007-06-28 2008-06-27 Convertisseur de son électrostatique en feuille et son procédé de fabrication Withdrawn EP2172061A1 (fr)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP08774455A EP2172061A1 (fr) 2007-06-28 2008-06-27 Convertisseur de son électrostatique en feuille et son procédé de fabrication

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP07111302A EP2009950A1 (fr) 2007-06-28 2007-06-28 Emetteur de son à feuille électrostatique et procédé destiné à sa fabrication
EP08774455A EP2172061A1 (fr) 2007-06-28 2008-06-27 Convertisseur de son électrostatique en feuille et son procédé de fabrication
PCT/EP2008/058293 WO2009000922A1 (fr) 2007-06-28 2008-06-27 Convertisseur de son électrostatique en feuille et son procédé de fabrication

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP2172061A1 true EP2172061A1 (fr) 2010-04-07

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Family Applications (2)

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EP07111302A Withdrawn EP2009950A1 (fr) 2007-06-28 2007-06-28 Emetteur de son à feuille électrostatique et procédé destiné à sa fabrication
EP08774455A Withdrawn EP2172061A1 (fr) 2007-06-28 2008-06-27 Convertisseur de son électrostatique en feuille et son procédé de fabrication

Family Applications Before (1)

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EP07111302A Withdrawn EP2009950A1 (fr) 2007-06-28 2007-06-28 Emetteur de son à feuille électrostatique et procédé destiné à sa fabrication

Country Status (5)

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US (1) US20100177914A1 (fr)
EP (2) EP2009950A1 (fr)
KR (1) KR20100031582A (fr)
TW (1) TW200913755A (fr)
WO (1) WO2009000922A1 (fr)

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US7883430B2 (en) 2008-07-22 2011-02-08 Nike, Inc. Releasable and interchangeable connections for golf club heads and shafts
US20100139754A1 (en) * 2008-12-09 2010-06-10 Palo Alto Research Center Incorporated Solar Cell With Co-Planar Backside Metallization
JP5834800B2 (ja) * 2011-11-15 2015-12-24 オムロン株式会社 表面電位センサ及び複写機
EP2849950B1 (fr) 2012-07-03 2019-01-23 Hewlett-Packard Development Company, L.P. Module de tête d'impression
US10034099B2 (en) * 2015-07-16 2018-07-24 International Business Machines Corporation Vowel and consonant discriminating microphones using carbon nanotubes

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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
TW200913755A (en) 2009-03-16
KR20100031582A (ko) 2010-03-23
WO2009000922A8 (fr) 2009-12-30
EP2009950A1 (fr) 2008-12-31
US20100177914A1 (en) 2010-07-15
WO2009000922A1 (fr) 2008-12-31

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