Classifications

• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
  • H01P—WAVEGUIDES; RESONATORS, LINES, OR OTHER DEVICES OF THE WAVEGUIDE TYPE
  • H01P5/00—Coupling devices of the waveguide type
  • H01P5/12—Coupling devices having more than two ports
  • H01P5/16—Conjugate devices, i.e. devices having at least one port decoupled from one other port
  • H01P5/18—Conjugate devices, i.e. devices having at least one port decoupled from one other port consisting of two coupled guides, e.g. directional couplers

Definitions

• the present invention relates to a Schleifenrichtkoppler with a waveguide, in particular a waveguide, a planar conductor or a coaxial conductor, in the form of a half loop antenna having a first antenna arm and a second antenna arm, for contactless decoupling of a running on a waveguide signal a and a on This waveguide returning signal b, according to the preamble of claim 1.
• the directional coupler is one of the most commonly used components in
• High frequency and microwave circuits It is a reciprocal four-door component in which ideally two gates are decoupled from each other when all gates are completed without reflection.
• Tor 1 is the input gate to which a signal is fed. All gates are completed without reflection.
• the gate 4 is the isolation gate to which no portion of the fed
• Directional couplers are often used in measuring systems for the separate determination of the incoming and returning waves.
• directional couplers are used as decoupled power dividers in attenuators, phase shifters, mixers and amplifiers. This directional coupler, for example, from
• a possible coupling structure for separating the traveling and returning waves is the loop-directional coupler which P.P. Lombardini, R.F. Schwartz, P.J. Kelly, "Criteria for the design of loop-type directional couplers for the L band," IEEE Transaction on
• a loop-wise coupler consists of a conductor loop which is positioned over or in a waveguide. Any waveguides, such as hollow cables,
• Inductive and / or capacitive coupling structures are used to determine the scattering parameters of a test object (DUT - Device L) test using a contactless, mostly vectorial measuring system.
• DUT - Device L test object
• a contactless, mostly vectorial measuring system By means of these coupling structures, the current and / or the voltage of a signal line which is connected directly to the test object are determined.
• the back and forth waves are measured on the signal line, then directional couplers are used as coupling structures for the separation of the two waves.
• the accuracy of an uncalibrated and calibrated measuring system for determining the back and forth waves by means of directional couplers depends i.a. from the directivity of the coupler.
• the directivity can be determined by the positioning and angle of the loop relative to the signal line, as well as by changing the
• the invention has for its object to provide a Schleifenrichtkoppler the o.g. To simplify its use in terms of its application and at the same time to improve the directivity.
• the first antenna arm to a first input of a first network and the second antenna arm is connected to a second input of the first network, wherein the first network at the first input a first Power divider and at the second input has a second power divider, which divide the respective voltage applied to the antenna arms signal, wherein the first network a first adder, which adds the signals of the first and second power divider together and the resulting signal K c (a + b) .
• K c is a capacitive coupling factor of the loop-directional coupler, to a first output of the first network, and a first subtractor which subtracts the signals of the first and second power dividers and the resulting signal Kj (ab), where Kj is an inductive coupling factor the loop-directional coupler is on a second output of the first network,
• a third network having a first input connected to the first output of the first network and a second input connected to the second output of the first network is provided, the third network having a third input at the first input Power divider and the second input has a fourth power divider, which of the respective to the
• the third network having a second adder, which receives the signal of the third power divider via a first capacitive signal path with a complex transfer factor Di and the fourth power divider via a first inductive signal path with a complex transfer factor D 2 as well as with each other
• the third network has a second subtractor, the signal of the third power divider via a second capacitive signal path with a complex transfer factor D 3 and the fourth power divider via a second inductive signal path with a complex
• transmission factor D 4 is and subtracted from each other, and outputs the resulting signal to a second output of the third network, wherein in at least one of the signal paths between the first and third network, and / or in at least one of the signal paths between the power dividers and the second adder and the second subtractor at least one
• 0 coupling factor matching device which changes the amount and / or the phase of the signal in the respective signal path such that the second Adder and the second subtractor signals in each case with respect to magnitude and phase identical coupling factor K 1 , K 2 for addition or subtraction present.
• a second network is connected to a first input which is connected to the first output of the first network.
• a fifth is between the first output of the second network and the first input of the third network
• a coupling factor matching device is arranged in the first and second capacitive signal paths and / or in the first and second inductive signal paths of the third network, wherein the coupling factor matching means in the first capacitive signal path multiplies the signal by a complex factor F 3 , the coupling factor matching means in the first inductive signal path multiplies the signal by a complex factor F 4 , the coupling factor matching means in the second capacitive signal path Signal is multiplied by a complex factor F 5 and the coupling factor matching device in the second inductive signal path multiplies the signal by a complex factor F 6 , the complex factors F 3 , F 4 , F 5 and F 6 being chosen such that
• KfD 4 K 2 if in the first and second capacitive signal paths (120, 124) as well as in the first inductive signal path (122) of the third network (38) in each case a coupling factor matching device is arranged, or
• Antenna arm and the first input of the first network and between the the second antenna arm and the second input of the first network each have a mixer and a filter are arranged, wherein mixer and filter are designed such that they convert the signals coming from the antenna arms to a predetermined intermediate frequency.
• the mixers are connected to a variable frequency oscillator (VFO) which provides a mixer signal to the mixers for mixing with the signals coming from the antenna arms.
• VFO variable frequency oscillator
• the VFO is preferably designed as a phase locked loop with local oscillator and / or reference oscillator.
• the receiver is connected to the controller for the coupling factor matching device, wherein the receiver is preferably designed to provide control for the coupling device
• the receiver is adapted to drive the control for the coupling factor matcher such that the coupling factor matcher control supplies the coupling factor matcher with such i ⁇ parameters that the coupling factor matcher determines the magnitude and / or phase of the signal at the first input of the second network and / or at the second input of the second network changed such that at inputs of the second adder a first coupling factor Ki and at the inputs of the second subtractor, a second coupling factor K 2 is present.
• Subtractor or before at least one of the inputs of the second adder and the second subtractor each provided a switch or a power divider
• FIG. 5 shows a schematic circuit diagram of a first preferred embodiment of a loop-type coupler according to the invention
• FIG. 2 shows a schematic circuit diagram of a second preferred embodiment of a loop-type coupler according to the invention
• Fig. 3 is a schematic circuit diagram of a third preferred embodiment of a Schleifenrichtkopplers invention.
• FIG. 4 shows a schematic circuit diagram of a fourth preferred embodiment of a loop-type coupler according to the invention.
• the first preferred embodiment of a Schleifenrichtkopplers invention for coupling a running on a waveguide 11 between a signal source 13 and a test object (DUT) 15> 0 wave and a returning wave b comprises a half loop antenna 10 with a first antenna arm 12 and a second Antenna arm 14.
• Reference numeral 17 denotes a reference plane.
• the two antenna arms 12, 14 are connected to a configurable network 16.
• the configurable network 16 is a first network 18 with a first
• Network 28 forms signal paths 128 and 130 between the outputs 24, 26 of the first network 18 and the inputs 40, 42 of the third network.
• the first antenna arm 12 is connected via a first mixer 48 and a first filter 50 to the first input 20 of the first network 18.
• the second antenna arm 14 is connected to the second input 22 of the first network 18 via a second mixer 52 and a second filter 54.
• the first network 18 has a first power divider 56 at the first input 20 and a second power divider 58 at the second input 22. Furthermore, in the
• a first adder 60 which adds the signal from the first power divider 56 and second power divider 58 together and outputs to the first output 24 of the first network 18, and a first subtracter 62, which receives the signal from the first power divider 56 and second Power divider subtracted 58 from each other and to the second output 26 of the first network 18th
• the coupling factor correction device 64 multiplies the signal K * (ab) by a complex factor F which determines the magnitude and the phase of this signal K * (ab) changes.
• the resulting signal K * F * (ab) is given by the coupling factor matching device 64 to the second output 36 of the second network 28.
• the signal K c * (a + b) is looped through by the second network 28 to the second output 34 of the second network 28. It should be emphasized that this approximation of magnitude and phase of the two coupling factors Kj and Kc is merely exemplary.
• the third network 38 has a third power divider 66 at the first input 40 and a fourth power divider 68 at the second input 42. Furthermore, in the third network 38, a second adder 70, which adds the signal from the third power divider 66 and fourth power divider 68 together and to the first output 44 of the third network 38, and a second subtractor 72, which receives the signal from the third power divider 66 and fourth power divider 68 subtracted from each other and to the second output 46 of the third network 38 are arranged.
• the signal 2Ki * a is obtained at the first output 44 of the third network 38, and the signal 2K 2 * b at the second output 46 of the third network 38, where Ki is the coupling factor at the two inputs of the second adder 70 and K 2 Coupling factor at the two inputs of the second subtractor 72 is.
• Ki is the coupling factor at the two inputs of the second adder 70
• K 2 Coupling factor at the two inputs of the second subtractor 72 is.
• the resulting coupling factors for the outgoing wave a and the returning wave b are identical, namely K.
• the third network 38 has a first capacitive signal path 120 extending from the third power divider 66 to the second adder 70, one from the third power divider 66 to the second subtractor 72 extending first inductive signal path 122, one of the fourth power divider 68 to the second adder 70 extending second capacitive signal path 124 and a second inductive signal path 126 extending from the fourth power conductor 68 to the second subtracter 72.
• the mixers 48, 52 and filters 50, 54 serve to separate the antenna arms 12
• VFO variable frequency oscillator
• phase-locked loop 74 with a local oscillator or a reference oscillator is provided, which supplies a corresponding reference signal or mixed signal 76 to the
• phase-locked loop 74 is further connected to a controller 78 for the coupling factor equalizer 64 and passes this the current frequency 80 of the reference signal 76. In response to this frequency 80 selects
• the controller 78 assigns a frequency-individual complex factor F or complex factors Fi, F 2 and transfers this or these to the second network 28 or to the coupling factor matching device 64 in the second network 28.
• An intermediate frequency signal 110 is applied to control the VFO passed the phase locked loop 74. This intermediate frequency signal 110 is either before the first input 20 or
• the configurable network 16 consists of the three subnetworks 18, 28 and 38, wherein the first network 18 and the third network 38 may be identical.
• the integration of the mixers 48, 52 and filters 50, 54 into the network 16 is not mandatory, however, this creates some advantages.
• the half conductor loop 10 inductively and capacitively couples out a part of the energy present in the near field of the signal conductor 11, for example. In the case of a small compared to the wavelength of the electrical signal
• 0 conductor loop 10 is added in the first antenna arm 12 of the inductively and capacitively induced current, wherein subtract in the other second antenna arm 14, the currents due to a phase difference of 180 °.
• the first network 18 comprises the two power dividers 56, 58, which are, for example, two 3 dB couplers, and one addition and subtraction network 62 each.
• the addition network 60 is, for example, a "twisted" 3 dB coupler (combiner) and
• a subtraction network 62 for example, a balun (Baiun) is provided.
• the change of magnitude and phase of the signal takes place for example with the aid of an amplifier or a
• the complex-valued factor F by means of electrical control signals quickly and easily a change in the measurement configuration can be adjusted.
• the placement of the multiplication unit or the coupling factor matching device 64 is arbitrary. As shown in Fig. 1, it is possible to perform the multiplication only in one path, it being unimportant which of the two available paths is used.
• the controllable components can also be provided in both paths, or in one path only the phase and in the other path only the amount is controlled.
• the coupling loss can be adjusted with the help of the second network 28 without having to change the tube attenuation or raw coupling loss of the simple conductor loop 10.
• the signals are recombined by the third network 38, so that at one output 44 depending on the coupling factor K only the outgoing wave a and at the other output 46 only the returning one Wave b yields. To ensure this, the individual paths of the network are formed absolutely identical.
• the system is optionally augmented by one or more heterodyne mixers comprising the mixers 48, 52 and the filters
• the signals of the loop 10 are mixed with the reference signal 76 to a low, fixed (predetermined) intermediate frequency.
• Network 16 as a circuit to integrate, as the requirements for each
• the necessary reference signal 76 is generated, for example, by means of a control loop and a local and reference oscillator 74.
• the network 16 represents a hardware calibration of the loop 10 with the aim of increasing the directivity.
• the configuration of the network 16 is equivalent to the control of the second network 28.
• the goal is first to determine the complex factor F and then to control the components of the second network 28 so that they correspond to the factor F.
• a reflection-free, ideally, a DUT (test object) is inserted at the reference plane 17
• the second network 28 can be connected directly to vectorial receivers. Since there is no anechoic closure in reality, a low-reflection finish must be used to set the F factor. The lower the reflectivity, the higher directivity values can be achieved with the overall arrangement. In addition, the height of the
• second preferred embodiment of the Schleifenrichtkopplers invention functionally identical parts are designated by the same reference numerals, as in Fig. 1, so that reference is made to the explanation of the above description of FIG.
• two electronic switches 84 and 86 are additionally arranged between the second network 28 and the third network 38 and two additional switches 88, 90 are provided above the third network 38, which are each controlled by a controller 92. 94 are actuated. These serve to simplify the calibration described above with respect to the reference plane 17 shown.
• the control 78 of the second network 28 and the switches 84, 86, 88, 90 are performed manually or completely automatically. Instead of the switches 84, 86, 88, 90, two identical couplers can also be used.
• a fifth power divider 96 is arranged between the first output 34 of the second network 28 and the first input 40 of the third network 38, which supplies the signal to the first input 40 of the third network 38 and to a first Switch 98 gives.
• a sixth power divider 100 is arranged, which outputs the signal to the second input 42 of the third network 38 and to a second switch 102.
• the two switches 98, 102 pass the signal either to low reflection 5 terminations 104, 106 or to a receiver 108.
• the receiver 108 controls the controller 78 in such a way that the latter transmits corresponding parameters for the change of magnitude and phase to the second network 28, so that by means of the IO coupling factor means 64 the coupling factors in the manner described above be aligned with each other.
• coupling factors K 1 and K C * F at the adder 70 or at the subtractor 72 may no longer be identical.
• further coupling factor matchers 112 and 114 are respectively disposed directly in front of the adder 70 and the subtracter 72, as shown in FIG. In the illustrated in Fig. 4, fourth
• IO coupling factor matching device 64 according to the first three embodiments of FIG. 1 to 3 can be omitted, as shown in Fig. 4.
• the coupling factor equalizer 112 multiplies in an inductive path of the third network 38 multiplies the coupling factor K * D 2 (coupling factor with transfer function) by a factor F 4 and the coupling factor matching device 114 multiplies the coupling factor K * D 4 (transfer function coupling factor) by a factor F in the other inductive path of the third network 38 4 .
• Subtractors 72 or between the outputs 24, 26 of the first network 18 and the adder 70 and the subtracter 72 are determined by measurement, for example. Are they known, by means of the second network 28 the
• Network 28 are possible.
• only one coupling factor matching device 64 is used in the "inductive"
• the two coupling factor matching devices 112, 114 are provided in the third network 38, as shown in FIG . These coupling factor matching devices 112, 114 increase the directivity under consideration of the path attenuations Di to D 4 . Up to four coupling factor matching devices may be provided for all four paths of the third network 38. Four configurations come into question, either two coupling factor matchers 112, 114 are used in the two capacitive or inductive paths, or four coupling factor matchers, one in each path of the third network 38, or three coupling factor matchers are used ,
• FIG. 4 shows a variant with two coupling factor matching devices 112, 114 in the inductive (Kj) path.
• the coupling factor equalizers 112, 114 multiply the complex factors F 3 , F 4 , F 5 , and / or F 6 to the signal amplitudes.
• the four signals before the adder 70 and the subtracter 72 are controlled / calibrated with a vectorial receiver, for example by means of switches or power dividers / couplers (similar to FIGS. 2 and 3) using a low-reflection DUT, such that the output amplitudes are identical.
• the signals before addition and subtraction become:
• subtraction path 2: KfD 4 T 6 K 2 , if in first and second capacitive signal path (120, 124) and in the second inductive signal path (126) of the third network (38) is arranged in each case a coupling factor matching device, or
• the embodiment according to FIG. 4 can also be extended in a manner similar to that shown in FIGS. 2 and 3. Also for the system in Fig. 4 can for the Calibration or determination of the factors F 1 to F 4 between the coupling factor matching devices 112, 114 and the second adder 70 and the second subtracter 72 switch and / or power divider may be provided, which are each connected at one output to a (vectorial) receiver are.
• the network 16 it is also possible for the network 16 to have both two, three or four coupling factor matching devices 112, 114 in the third network 38 as well as one or two coupling factor matching devices 64 in the second network 28.

Landscapes

• Variable-Direction Aerials And Aerial Arrays (AREA)
• Structure Of Belt Conveyors (AREA)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Publications (2)

Family

ID=38537405

Family Applications (1)

Country Status (10)

Families Citing this family (10)

Family Cites Families (9)

• 2007
  • 2007-07-24 DE DE202007010239U patent/DE202007010239U1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
• 2008
  • 2008-07-17 EP EP08784853A patent/EP2171793B1/fr active Active
  • 2008-07-17 CN CN2008801083998A patent/CN101809808B/zh active Active
  • 2008-07-17 AT AT08784853T patent/ATE490570T1/de active
  • 2008-07-17 WO PCT/EP2008/005873 patent/WO2009012937A1/fr active Application Filing
  • 2008-07-17 JP JP2010517306A patent/JP4914936B2/ja active Active
  • 2008-07-17 DE DE502008001958T patent/DE502008001958D1/de active Active
  • 2008-07-17 CA CA2695462A patent/CA2695462C/fr active Active
  • 2008-07-17 US US12/670,267 patent/US8121574B2/en active Active
  • 2008-07-18 TW TW097212807U patent/TWM349635U/zh not_active IP Right Cessation
• 2011
  • 2011-02-16 HK HK11101480.2A patent/HK1147601A1/xx not_active IP Right Cessation

Non-Patent Citations (1)

Also Published As

Similar Documents

Legal Events