EP2167693B1 - Procédé de traitement thermique de pièces de fonderie mettant en oeuvre une trempe a l'air et système pour la mise en oeuvre du procédé - Google Patents

Procédé de traitement thermique de pièces de fonderie mettant en oeuvre une trempe a l'air et système pour la mise en oeuvre du procédé Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2167693B1
EP2167693B1 EP08761238.8A EP08761238A EP2167693B1 EP 2167693 B1 EP2167693 B1 EP 2167693B1 EP 08761238 A EP08761238 A EP 08761238A EP 2167693 B1 EP2167693 B1 EP 2167693B1
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Prior art keywords
parts
air
baskets
batch
quenching
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EP08761238.8A
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German (de)
English (en)
French (fr)
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EP2167693A1 (fr
Inventor
Philippe Meyer
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Montupet SA
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Montupet SA
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Publication of EP2167693A1 publication Critical patent/EP2167693A1/fr
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
    • C21D1/62—Quenching devices
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
    • B22D30/00—Cooling castings, not restricted to casting processes covered by a single main group
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
    • C21D1/56—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering characterised by the quenching agents
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
    • C21D1/74—Methods of treatment in inert gas, controlled atmosphere, vacuum or pulverulent material
    • C21D1/767—Methods of treatment in inert gas, controlled atmosphere, vacuum or pulverulent material with forced gas circulation; Reheating thereof
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D9/00—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor
    • C21D9/0006—Details, accessories not peculiar to any of the following furnaces
    • C21D9/0018—Details, accessories not peculiar to any of the following furnaces for charging, discharging or manipulation of charge
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D9/00—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor
    • C21D9/0006—Details, accessories not peculiar to any of the following furnaces
    • C21D9/0025—Supports; Baskets; Containers; Covers
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D9/00—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor
    • C21D9/0068—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor for particular articles not mentioned below
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D9/00—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor
    • C21D9/52—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor for wires; for strips ; for rods of unlimited length
    • C21D9/54—Furnaces for treating strips or wire
    • C21D9/663—Bell-type furnaces
    • C21D9/675—Arrangements of charging or discharging devices
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22F—CHANGING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF NON-FERROUS METALS AND NON-FERROUS ALLOYS
    • C22F1/00—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working
    • C22F1/04—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working of aluminium or alloys based thereon
    • C22F1/043—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working of aluminium or alloys based thereon of alloys with silicon as the next major constituent
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
    • F27B—FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS OR RETORTS IN GENERAL; OPEN SINTERING OR LIKE APPARATUS
    • F27B9/00—Furnaces through which the charge is moved mechanically, e.g. of tunnel type; Similar furnaces in which the charge moves by gravity
    • F27B9/12—Furnaces through which the charge is moved mechanically, e.g. of tunnel type; Similar furnaces in which the charge moves by gravity with special arrangements for preheating or cooling the charge

Definitions

  • the field of the invention is that of heat treatments of castings made of aluminum-based alloy.
  • the invention relates to a method of heat treatment of breech type casting parts in which an air quenching of the parts is carried out, and a system for carrying out the method.
  • the heat treatment of aluminum alloys generally consists of a succession of operations.
  • a high-temperature dissolution operation is carried out, typically between 490 ° C. and 545 ° C. for silicon-containing foundry alloys (between 5 and 9%) and copper (between 0 and 3%). and magnesium (between 0 and 0.7%).
  • This operation is performed at the highest possible temperature to accelerate the dissolution of the hardening elements of the alloy, and dissolve as much as possible, while avoiding to remelt even locally the alloy (phenomenon called burn) .
  • phenomenon called burn a solid solution of hardening elements is obtained in the matrix of the alloy.
  • a quenching operation is then carried out to freeze the solid solution of the hardening elements in the matrix, by cooling rapidly from the solution temperature to room temperature or to the tempering temperature.
  • a revenue operation is carried out in the form of an oven residence at a moderate temperature, typically between 150 and 245 ° C., which causes the hardening elements of the alloy to recombine in the form of fine precipitates distributed within the matrix of the alloy, and thereby increases its resistance.
  • a moderate temperature typically between 150 and 245 ° C.
  • the increase in the temperature of the quenching water is a technique well known to those skilled in the art for reducing the residual stresses of complex parts. This technique, however, has limited effects from the point of view of the reduction of residual stresses, while causing a significant reduction of properties. This reduction is all the more important as the temperature of the water increases and approaches the boiling temperature of the water.
  • quenching additives (brine, for example) is also a well-known technique for the reduction of residual stresses. However, it poses problems of discharges and treatment of quench water, which generates additional costs.
  • An alternative quenching technique is to use ambient air rather than water as a cooling medium.
  • air quenching is relatively easy to apply to single-unit or low-mass loads, it does not give satisfactory results in the case treatment of loads of large and massive parts, for example yokes for internal combustion engines, which because of their compactness and complexity of shapes (in particular the presence of multiple internal cavities) do not offer a favorable surface for extraction calories by the airflow.
  • a vertical and horizontal space between the baskets is generally arranged so as to promote heat exchange during quenching.
  • the charge is successively introduced into the solution furnace, extracted from this furnace to be subjected to quenching (for example immersed in water in the case of quenching with water, or brought under a ventilation system in the case of quenching with air), then out of the quenching medium and introduced into the tempering furnace, finally extracted from the latter to be returned to the ambient air of the workshop at the end of the heat treatment.
  • quenching for example immersed in water in the case of quenching with water, or brought under a ventilation system in the case of quenching with air
  • each load can undergo treatment solution dissolution or income different from that of other loads.
  • the quenching media can also be split, which adds to the flexibility (for example by using two quench tanks with water at different temperatures).
  • the invention aims to overcome these disadvantages of the batch mode heat treatment of castings, including castings of aluminum alloys, and to ensure high and homogeneous properties regardless of the part in the load.
  • the invention relates to a method of heat treatment of a lot of castings, comprising a solution-making operation carried out in a furnace charged with the parts of the batch arranged in several layers of superimposed parts to each other, characterized in that, following the extraction of the parts of the furnace dissolution, the parts are maneuvered to form a single layer of parts consisting of the parts of the batch, it brings the single layer in an air quenching unit having a ventilation system and air quenching is applied to the batch pieces arranged in the single layer.
  • the invention relates to a heat treatment system of a batch of castings comprising a solution furnace such that the batch parts are arranged in several layers of parts superimposed on each other when the furnace is charged, an air quenching unit having a ventilation system for causing a flow of cooling air, characterized in that it comprises means for extracting the parts of the solution furnace and for the disposing in a single layer of pieces, and means for bringing the single layer of pieces in the air quenching unit so as to apply air quench to the batch pieces arranged in a single layer.
  • the invention relates to a process for the heat treatment of a lot of castings, in which air quenching of the parts of the batch is carried out.
  • the invention also relates to a heat treatment system of a batch of castings comprising means capable of performing the implementation of the method according to the first aspect of the invention.
  • the pieces of a batch are generally arranged in stackable baskets, and the baskets are stacked on a base support to form two or more layers of baskets.
  • the figure 1a represents a load carrier 1 conventionally used to support successive layers of baskets, and the parts contained in the baskets.
  • the load support 1 comprises housing 2 feet of baskets and is shaped to be driven in translation, for example by rolling on roller conveyors which are the usual mechanization of loads in batch furnaces.
  • the figure 1b is a cross-sectional view of the load support 1 on which two layers of baskets are stacked: an upper layer P1 of baskets (for example an upper set of two baskets) stacked on a lower layer P2 of baskets (for example a lower set of two baskets), the latter resting on the load support 1.
  • Foundry pieces 3 are arranged in the baskets of layers P1 and P2.
  • the motorization M of the heat treatment plant This is for example a motorized roller raceway.
  • the figure 1c are a perspective view of a basket 4. This has a honeycomb structure and is provided with external walls 5 sheet.
  • the honeycomb structure allows the disposition of a piece 3 by cell.
  • the basket 4 has spaces 6 for the female / male stack of the basket feet.
  • the load consisting of the support 1, stacked baskets P1, P2 and parts arranged in the baskets is conventionally loaded in a conventional batch oven in order to carry out the dissolving, then extracted from this oven and fed to a quenching unit to be quenched, and then quenched from the quench unit, charged to a conventional batch oven to achieve the income.
  • the parts of the batch are distributed over different layers.
  • the pieces Prior to quenching, that is to say typically at the outlet of the solution furnace, the pieces are conventionally arranged in several layers.
  • the invention then proposes, following the extraction of the load from the solution furnace, to manipulate the pieces to form a single layer of pieces made up of the parts of the batch.
  • the single layer is then brought under a ventilation system in the quenching unit, the ventilation system stirring the ambient air to cause a flow of cooling air. In this way, an air quench is applied to the single layer of pieces.
  • the conventional case of parts arranged in stackable baskets is considered.
  • the operation of the parts to form the single layer of parts may consist of unstacking the baskets.
  • a particular multilayer load carrier which has a plurality of support means for a layer of parts in the form of spaced apart sleepers. others.
  • the operation of the parts to form a single layer of parts may consist in successively depositing each layer of parts on a receiving carriage.
  • the figure 1a illustrates the taking of the load constituted by the support 1, the layers P1 and P2 of stacked baskets, and parts arranged in the baskets.
  • the reference 7 represents a transfer carriage having several locations for stacks of baskets.
  • a first location has a motorized roller bearing path 8, while a second location 9, adjacent to the first one, does not have a motorized path but is equipped with basket feet similar to the housings 2 present on the support 1 ( cf. figure 1a ).
  • the carriage 7 preferably has a ventilated structure, so as to let the air.
  • the figure 2b represents the loading of the load on the transfer carriage.
  • the stack of baskets P1, P2 is arranged at the first location of the carriage 7 by installing the support 1 on the path 8.
  • the Figure 2c illustrates the movement, shown schematically by the arrow 12, of the transfer carriage 7 to a solution furnace 10.
  • the oven 10 is a conventional batch oven comprising a laboratory (useful working space of the oven) essentially closed, thermally insulated, equipped with an air mixing system, provided with heating systems and control of the heating from thermocouples measuring the temperature of the oven or air in the oven, the oven laboratory being accessible through a door 11 for loading or unloading the load.
  • the figure 2d illustrates the loading of the solution furnace 10, the charge being introduced into the furnace according to the arrow 13a. Once the load is fully charged, the door 11 is closed, and is carried out in solution.
  • the figure 2e illustrates the outlet of the load of the solution furnace 10 (output shown schematically by the arrow 13b), and the supply of the load (shown schematically by the movement of the transfer carriage 7 according to the arrow 14) to a system adapted to unstack the baskets.
  • the carriage 7 is transferred to pass under a unstacking gantry 15, one embodiment of which will be described in more detail below with reference to the Figures 3 and 4 .
  • a gripping mechanism 16 integral with the gantry 15.
  • the carriage is then advanced according to the arrow 14 until the second location 9 of the carriage 7 is at the right of the gantry 15.
  • the gripping mechanism 16 is then controlled to drop the baskets of the upper layer P1 on the second location 9 of the carriage 7, which in the meantime has been advanced by the distance necessary for the upper layer P1 can be presented vertically feet 2 on the housing housing 7.
  • the set of baskets is then arranged in a single layer, the basket layers P1 and P2 being positioned side by side at the same level on the carriage 7.
  • the gantry 15 is here a structure fixed to the ground S, comprising a gripping mechanism 16 controlled by means of a jack 17 for lifting and depositing a layer of baskets.
  • the gantry comprises a cross member 18 extending horizontally from the ground, and in which a frame 19 (consisting for example of two vertical columns, a beam and a horizontal plate) supporting the gripping mechanism 16 can slide vertically under the action of the cylinder 17.
  • the gripping mechanism 16 comprises a movable plate 20 forming part of the frame 19, and is provided with claws 21 adapted to be actuated by claw actuators 22 to engage with the upper layer of baskets P1.
  • the transfer carriage 7 on which the pieces are now arranged in a single layer is fed to the quenching unit in the air.
  • the parts arranged in a single layer in the baskets P1 and P2 are brought to the right of a ventilation system 23 adapted to cause a flow of cooling air schematized by the arrows 24 and generally perpendicular to the single layer of parts.
  • the parts are subjected during the quenching air flow whose flow rate is preferably greater than 1000 m 3 per hour and per unit, and preferably greater than 1700 m 3 per hour and per room.
  • the air speed is of the order of 23 m / s for a flow rate of 1000 m 3 / h and per cylinder head, and of the order of 45 m / s for a flow rate of 1700 m 3 / h and per cylinder head.
  • Forced air cooling can be achieved until the rooms reach the room temperature, or the temperature of income, if income is subsequently made.
  • the quenching unit may be essentially closed by a wall 26 intended to recover the air after quenching, and act as a sonic barrier by evacuating the air through a sound absorber (the exhaust ducts of the air through the walls and sound dampeners are not represented on the figure 5 ).
  • the air passes through the cells of the baskets in which the parts are arranged, as well as a grid with trolley rails, to enter a chamber 30.
  • the carriage 7 on which the single layer of parts is located is in a chamber consisting of walls 27 for confining the flow of air on the load.
  • Air distributors 28 are arranged above the load to channel the flow of air towards each of the rooms.
  • An example of an air distributor in the form of a grid with honeycomb structure is shown on the figure 6a .
  • Another example is represented on the figure 6b , on which the grid has a closed bottom surface, provided with an air passage slot in each of the cells.
  • the single part layer is spaced from the lower end of the air distributors 28 by a height H.
  • the quenching unit may further comprise a wind box 25 disposed between the ventilation system 23 and the air distributors 28 to provide sectional ratios between the ventilation system 23 and the air distributors 28.
  • the parts can be laid horizontally in the baskets, which is the most satisfactory solution from the point of view of cooling.
  • the parts can also be placed vertically in the baskets which increases the capacity of the heat treatment. Note here that “horizontally” or “vertically” refers to the largest area of the room.
  • the parts will be spaced less than 100 mm and preferably less than 50 mm.
  • the parts In the upright position, the parts can be placed in baskets separated by continuous or partial partitions so as to keep them correctly close to the vertical position, these partitions also making it possible to channel the flow of air.
  • these partitions will be made of steel forming a set of juxtaposed cells, each contiguous with its closest neighbors, in which the parts can be introduced at a rate of one piece per cell.
  • the space between the part and the cell is defined as follows for each dimension of the cell, for example the length and the width.
  • 2 X E is equal to the difference between the envelope of the part built by surrounding the piece of a shape identical to the shape of the cell and the actual size of the cell.
  • the shape of the cell is chosen such that in all dimensions E is approximately the same, to within a few mm, that is to say, by adapting the shape of the basket to the workpiece.
  • E thus defined will preferably be less than 60 mm, and more preferably less than 30 mm, its smallest dimension to be adjusted case by case, according to the actual geometry of the room to be able to maintain the air flow rates presented above. It can thus have a value of E close to zero, that is to say just the space required to load the piece into the cell, if by its intrinsic geometry the part leaves the required air passage.
  • the parts can also be suspended or held by supports in the basket.
  • the cell previously described is not necessarily materialized, but we will keep the same preferences of values of E described above in relation to the space allocated to each room (the equivalent of the cell).
  • the method according to the invention can also be extended to the production, in addition to the air quenching applied to the single layer, in carrying out the solution-setting operation prior to quenching and / or completion of the income transaction after quenching.
  • solution and return are carried out by charging in the corresponding furnaces dissolution solution and income load consisting of baskets stacked on top of each other so as to best use the capacity of conventional batch oven .
  • dissolution and the income are made conventionally by loading the batch of parts distributed in several layers of parts in the oven.
  • the transfer time between the dissolving furnace (time counted at the opening of the door) and the starting of the air cooling must not exceed 6 minutes, and preferably be less than 3 minutes. 30 seconds.
  • the Applicant has surprisingly observed that despite these rather long transfer times, necessary to enable the de-stacking operations on large furnaces, the mechanical properties of the parts remained high, under these conditions, practically without any reduction of properties compared to an immediate quench after oven exit.
  • the baskets will preferably be re-stacked so as to reconstitute the load.
  • the gantry 15 described above can also be used for this purpose.
  • each support means for a layer of parts comprises sleepers spaced apart from each other.
  • the weight of baskets and steel supports is of the order of 0.5 tonnes per 1 tonne of aluminum actually treated.
  • This second embodiment is advantageous in that it allows to heat and cool only the parts, which is a substantial saving in energy consumption.
  • This multilayer load carrier 30 is shown on the Figures 7 and 8 .
  • the references N1, N2 and N3 represent the different levels on which the layers of parts are superimposed.
  • the multilayer support 30 has a plurality of superimposed means for supporting a layer of parts in the form of crosspieces 31 spaced apart from each other.
  • FIG. 9 40S handling support parts in the form of a multi-comb rake.
  • This support has an arm 40 from which extends a plurality of combs 41, each comb being able to support a layer of parts.
  • the combs 41 and the crosspieces 31 are shaped in such a way that the teeth of a comb can be introduced into the inter-cross space of a support means for a layer of parts of the multilayer filler support 30.
  • the support 40S handling can be advanced towards the multilayer load carrier 30, the teeth 42 of each of the combs 41 being introduced between the crosspieces 31 of each of the support means of a layer of parts. Then, the support 40 can be reassembled so that each of the combs slightly raises a layer of parts. Finally, the support 40 can be removed from the support 30 to carry the different layers of parts.
  • the parts can be transported on a load support similar to the multilayer support 30. It will be understood that the layers of parts can be deposited on the support 30 from the handling support 40 coming to introduce the teeth of the combs between the sleepers.
  • the handling support 40S can thus be used for loading and unloading a batch oven in order to carry out a solution dissolving operation or a batch layer coin layer operation operation of the batch of pieces.
  • the handling support 40S is used to unload the furnace so that the different layers of parts are arranged on the different combs of the handling support 40S.
  • the parts are then maneuvered to form a single layer of parts on a transfer trolley consisting of two half-trolleys (assuming two levels of parts are to be maneuvered to form the single layer), and in general the number of trolleys corresponding to the number of layers of parts.
  • each receiving carriage 44a, 44b is shaped to receive a layer of pieces, and presents in particular (cf. figure 13 ) means for supporting a layer of parts in the form of a comb having teeth 48 spaced apart from each other.
  • the handling support 40S is positioned to the right of a first receiving carriage 44b, said support 40S is lowered so that the teeth of the lower comb of the support 40S enter the inter-teeth spaces of the support means of the carriage 44b. Parts 3 of the lower layer are then deposited on the carriage 44b. The teeth of the lower comb of the support 40S are then removed from the inter-tooth spaces of the carriage 44b, and the handling support 40S is raised as shown in FIG. figure 11c .
  • the carriages 44a, 44b are then advanced, for example along a motorized path, and the same sequence of operations is repeated to deposit the layer of parts of the upper comb on the carriage 44a.
  • the pieces 3 of the batch are then distributed over the different receiving trolleys 44a, 44b in a single layer, and the trolleys are then brought to the quenching unit described above in connection with the first possible embodiment of the invention.
  • schematized in dotted lines on the figure 11e schematized in dotted lines on the figure 11e .
  • an income transaction can be carried out following quenching.
  • the handling support 40S is then used to manipulate the pieces after quenching in similar operations to those described above and reconstitute the multilayer load before baking in the batch oven income.
  • FIG 12 a diagram of a possible embodiment of the multi-comb rake type handling support 40S used in this second possible embodiment of the invention.
  • the support 40S may comprise a first carriage 45 rolling on rails to ensure longitudinal movement of the support 40S in the direction indicated by the arrow F 45 . It may also include a second rolling carriage 46 adapted to move laterally on the first carriage C1 in the direction indicated by the arrow F 46 .
  • the support 40S may further have a ⁇ axis allowing the rotation of a main arm B, itself guiding a movable arm B 'integral with the combs.
  • in-line four-cylinder diesel cylinder heads were molded in static gravity into a metal mold, fire-facing downwards, with a steel plate cooled energetically so as to obtain a fine microstructure that can be characterized.
  • SDAS Silicon Dendrite Arm Spacing
  • the metal temperature at casting is 720 ° C at the inlet in the casting cup of the mold, from which feed channels leave to fill the mold through attacks located at the foot of the room.
  • ratio between the weight cast (piece plus feeding system, plus weights) and the weight of the piece is 1.7.
  • the molded piece weighs 14.1 kg.
  • the molding cycle time is of the order of 5 minutes from room to room.
  • the alloy is of AA 356 type, of first fusion, with a chemical composition given below in weight percentages: Yes Fe mn mg Ti Zn al 7.4 0.12 0.02 0.30 0.11 0.02 rest
  • the alloy has its eutectic structure modified by addition of strontium.
  • the piece After casting, the piece is extracted from the mold and cooled in a forced air tunnel so that it is cooled to a temperature of 50 ° C. in a time of about 120 minutes.
  • the cylinder heads have been characterized at room temperature in traction and hardness.
  • the tensile properties are measured according to standard AFNOR EN 10002-1 in the fire side, at the level of the inter-valve bridges by tensile specimens with a diameter of 6.18 mm and a calibrated length of 36.2 mm. Each measurement is the average of 4 test pieces per piece, for 3 pieces.
  • Brinell hardness is measured according to the AFNOR EN ISO 6506 - 1 and ASTM E10-06 standards in the fire side as well. One measurement is made per piece, for five pieces.
  • thermocouples were placed in the yokes at the heart of the tablature towards the fire side of the cylinder head to measure the cooling rate, which was characterized by the time required to bring the cylinder head from 430 ° C to 70 ° C. ° C.
  • Cooling rate from the cylinder head in the range of 430 ° C to 70 ° C
  • Mechanical properties of the cylinder head Traction Hardness H B Limit at break Rm (MPa) Elastic limit R 0.2 (MPa) Lengthening A (%) No.
  • This air quenching has the additional advantage of not generating residual stresses in the parts, which is generally very beneficial to the life of the yokes in service. This also widens the possibilities of income choice, as over-income is often imposed to try to reduce the residual stresses generated by water quenching.
  • the process according to the invention provides wide operating ranges from the point of view of the industrial operation.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Heat Treatment Of Articles (AREA)
  • Heat Treatments In General, Especially Conveying And Cooling (AREA)
EP08761238.8A 2007-06-22 2008-06-19 Procédé de traitement thermique de pièces de fonderie mettant en oeuvre une trempe a l'air et système pour la mise en oeuvre du procédé Active EP2167693B1 (fr)

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PL08761238T PL2167693T3 (pl) 2007-06-22 2008-06-19 Sposób obróbki termicznej odlewów wdrażający hartowanie w powietrzu i system do wdrożenia sposobu

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FR0755974A FR2917752B1 (fr) 2007-06-22 2007-06-22 Procede de traitement thermique de pieces de fonderie mettant en oeuvre une trempe a l'air et systeme pour la mise en oeuvre du procede
PCT/EP2008/057813 WO2009000751A1 (fr) 2007-06-22 2008-06-19 Procede de traitement thermique de pieces de fonderie mettant en oeuvre une trempe a l'air et systeme pour la mise en oeuvre du procede

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US (1) US8580052B2 (pl)
EP (1) EP2167693B1 (pl)
ES (1) ES2763177T3 (pl)
FR (1) FR2917752B1 (pl)
HU (1) HUE047330T2 (pl)
PL (1) PL2167693T3 (pl)
WO (1) WO2009000751A1 (pl)

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EP3353331B1 (en) * 2015-09-23 2020-11-04 Consolidated Engineering Company, Inc. System for supporting castings during thermal treatment
WO2017180193A1 (en) * 2016-04-11 2017-10-19 Consolidated Engineering Company, Inc. Internal unstacker for a heat treatment furnace
IT201700041112A1 (it) * 2017-04-13 2018-10-13 Lm Ind S R L Impianto di raffreddamento di oggetti
CN107893158B (zh) * 2017-12-14 2024-11-26 苏州中门子工业炉科技有限公司 一种进出料口带密封气帘的固溶炉
CN108285969B (zh) * 2018-01-30 2019-04-30 重庆市天宇电线电缆制造有限公司 一种铜线循环加热退火炉
CN108620565A (zh) * 2018-07-06 2018-10-09 湖州吉弘机械有限公司 一种用于叉车配套铸件的冷却装置
CN108907173A (zh) * 2018-07-11 2018-11-30 尚成荣 一种铜加工尾气多通道抽风节能控制方法
CN109014140B (zh) * 2018-08-02 2020-05-15 繁昌县长城铸造厂（普通合伙） 一种铸件用的快速冷却装置
CN110026542B (zh) * 2019-05-24 2020-09-11 山东金马汽车装备科技有限公司 一种铝合金轮毂铸造用冷却装置
DE102019115613A1 (de) * 2019-06-07 2020-12-10 Audi Ag Herstellungsverfahren sowie Vorrichtung zur Herstellung eines oberflächenbehandelten Bauteils, insbesondere eines Karosseriebauteils für ein Kraftfahrzeug
CN112874594B (zh) * 2021-01-29 2022-11-11 重庆祥顺机械配件制造有限公司 一种活塞转运装置
CN114807534B (zh) * 2022-05-11 2025-09-12 沈阳东大三建工业炉制造有限公司 一种双层高效风冷淬火装置及淬火方法
CN116673464B (zh) * 2023-08-02 2023-09-22 长春电子科技学院 一种传动箱内部铸造件冷却装置

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Publication number Publication date
EP2167693A1 (fr) 2010-03-31
FR2917752B1 (fr) 2019-06-28
FR2917752A1 (fr) 2008-12-26
WO2009000751A1 (fr) 2008-12-31
HUE047330T2 (hu) 2020-04-28
US20100236669A1 (en) 2010-09-23
ES2763177T3 (es) 2020-05-27
PL2167693T3 (pl) 2020-06-15
US8580052B2 (en) 2013-11-12

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