EP2165016B1 - Method for producing dyed sewing threads - Google Patents

Method for producing dyed sewing threads Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2165016B1
EP2165016B1 EP08773614.6A EP08773614A EP2165016B1 EP 2165016 B1 EP2165016 B1 EP 2165016B1 EP 08773614 A EP08773614 A EP 08773614A EP 2165016 B1 EP2165016 B1 EP 2165016B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
thread
dye
mixture
preparation
accordance
Prior art date
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EP08773614.6A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP2165016B2 (en
EP2165016A2 (en
Inventor
Heinz KÄGI
Michael Stabenow
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Guetermann and Co AG
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Guetermann and Co AG
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Application filed by Guetermann and Co AG filed Critical Guetermann and Co AG
Priority to PL08773614T priority Critical patent/PL2165016T5/en
Publication of EP2165016A2 publication Critical patent/EP2165016A2/en
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Classifications

    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D06P—DYEING OR PRINTING TEXTILES; DYEING LEATHER, FURS OR SOLID MACROMOLECULAR SUBSTANCES IN ANY FORM
    • D06P1/00—General processes of dyeing or printing textiles, or general processes of dyeing leather, furs, or solid macromolecular substances in any form, classified according to the dyes, pigments, or auxiliary substances employed
    • D06P1/44—General processes of dyeing or printing textiles, or general processes of dyeing leather, furs, or solid macromolecular substances in any form, classified according to the dyes, pigments, or auxiliary substances employed using insoluble pigments or auxiliary substances, e.g. binders
    • D06P1/46—General processes of dyeing or printing textiles, or general processes of dyeing leather, furs, or solid macromolecular substances in any form, classified according to the dyes, pigments, or auxiliary substances employed using insoluble pigments or auxiliary substances, e.g. binders using compositions containing natural macromolecular substances or derivatives thereof
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D02—YARNS; MECHANICAL FINISHING OF YARNS OR ROPES; WARPING OR BEAMING
    • D02G—CRIMPING OR CURLING FIBRES, FILAMENTS, THREADS, OR YARNS; YARNS OR THREADS
    • D02G3/00—Yarns or threads, e.g. fancy yarns; Processes or apparatus for the production thereof, not otherwise provided for
    • D02G3/22—Yarns or threads characterised by constructional features, e.g. blending, filament/fibre
    • D02G3/40—Yarns in which fibres are united by adhesives; Impregnated yarns or threads
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D02—YARNS; MECHANICAL FINISHING OF YARNS OR ROPES; WARPING OR BEAMING
    • D02G—CRIMPING OR CURLING FIBRES, FILAMENTS, THREADS, OR YARNS; YARNS OR THREADS
    • D02G3/00—Yarns or threads, e.g. fancy yarns; Processes or apparatus for the production thereof, not otherwise provided for
    • D02G3/44—Yarns or threads characterised by the purpose for which they are designed
    • D02G3/46—Sewing-cottons or the like
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D06P—DYEING OR PRINTING TEXTILES; DYEING LEATHER, FURS OR SOLID MACROMOLECULAR SUBSTANCES IN ANY FORM
    • D06P1/00—General processes of dyeing or printing textiles, or general processes of dyeing leather, furs, or solid macromolecular substances in any form, classified according to the dyes, pigments, or auxiliary substances employed
    • D06P1/0004—General aspects of dyeing
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D06P—DYEING OR PRINTING TEXTILES; DYEING LEATHER, FURS OR SOLID MACROMOLECULAR SUBSTANCES IN ANY FORM
    • D06P1/00—General processes of dyeing or printing textiles, or general processes of dyeing leather, furs, or solid macromolecular substances in any form, classified according to the dyes, pigments, or auxiliary substances employed
    • D06P1/44—General processes of dyeing or printing textiles, or general processes of dyeing leather, furs, or solid macromolecular substances in any form, classified according to the dyes, pigments, or auxiliary substances employed using insoluble pigments or auxiliary substances, e.g. binders
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D06P—DYEING OR PRINTING TEXTILES; DYEING LEATHER, FURS OR SOLID MACROMOLECULAR SUBSTANCES IN ANY FORM
    • D06P1/00—General processes of dyeing or printing textiles, or general processes of dyeing leather, furs, or solid macromolecular substances in any form, classified according to the dyes, pigments, or auxiliary substances employed
    • D06P1/44—General processes of dyeing or printing textiles, or general processes of dyeing leather, furs, or solid macromolecular substances in any form, classified according to the dyes, pigments, or auxiliary substances employed using insoluble pigments or auxiliary substances, e.g. binders
    • D06P1/52—General processes of dyeing or printing textiles, or general processes of dyeing leather, furs, or solid macromolecular substances in any form, classified according to the dyes, pigments, or auxiliary substances employed using insoluble pigments or auxiliary substances, e.g. binders using compositions containing synthetic macromolecular substances
    • D06P1/5207—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions involving only carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
    • D06P1/5214—Polymers of unsaturated compounds containing no COOH groups or functional derivatives thereof
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D06P—DYEING OR PRINTING TEXTILES; DYEING LEATHER, FURS OR SOLID MACROMOLECULAR SUBSTANCES IN ANY FORM
    • D06P1/00—General processes of dyeing or printing textiles, or general processes of dyeing leather, furs, or solid macromolecular substances in any form, classified according to the dyes, pigments, or auxiliary substances employed
    • D06P1/44—General processes of dyeing or printing textiles, or general processes of dyeing leather, furs, or solid macromolecular substances in any form, classified according to the dyes, pigments, or auxiliary substances employed using insoluble pigments or auxiliary substances, e.g. binders
    • D06P1/52—General processes of dyeing or printing textiles, or general processes of dyeing leather, furs, or solid macromolecular substances in any form, classified according to the dyes, pigments, or auxiliary substances employed using insoluble pigments or auxiliary substances, e.g. binders using compositions containing synthetic macromolecular substances
    • D06P1/5264—Macromolecular compounds obtained otherwise than by reactions involving only unsaturated carbon-to-carbon bonds
    • D06P1/5292—Macromolecular compounds obtained otherwise than by reactions involving only unsaturated carbon-to-carbon bonds containing Si-atoms
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/29—Coated or structually defined flake, particle, cell, strand, strand portion, rod, filament, macroscopic fiber or mass thereof
    • Y10T428/2913—Rod, strand, filament or fiber
    • Y10T428/2933—Coated or with bond, impregnation or core
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/29—Coated or structually defined flake, particle, cell, strand, strand portion, rod, filament, macroscopic fiber or mass thereof
    • Y10T428/2913—Rod, strand, filament or fiber
    • Y10T428/2933—Coated or with bond, impregnation or core
    • Y10T428/2962—Silane, silicone or siloxane in coating

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a process for the production of colored sewing threads, in particular of airbag threads, in which on the thread both a thread properties improving preparation and a dye is applied.
  • Colored sewing threads are used on the one hand for the production of textiles, on the other hand also for special applications, for example for the sewing of airbags.
  • the threads used for sewing airbags are dyed on the one hand to give the threads a manufacturer's mark, on the other hand, the color used to create a contrast in the field of a finished seam, so that it can be easily checked for accuracy.
  • Filaments of the type mentioned are furthermore usually provided with a special preparation (or “finishing” or “finishing”), which determine or improve the sewing properties of the thread.
  • a special preparation or “finishing” or “finishing”
  • different preparations are used which, for example, have an effect on the sliding properties, rub resistance or static charging of the thread.
  • the sutures are first wound on dye bobbins, which are then fed to a dyeing bath in which the dye bobbins remain for a time until the yarns have become the desired color. After completion of the dyeing process is then the respectively desired preparation by means of a suitable Repariervons applied to the colored threads, it being necessary to carry out such Reparier processor to rewind the thread from the dyeing bobbin to another coil, so that the preparation can be selectively applied in the region between the two coils.
  • WO 98/22224 A discloses a method according to the preamble of claims 1 and 2.
  • US 4,501,590 A discloses a similar process in which a mixture containing a dye and a preparation is introduced into the suture during sewing of a suture.
  • JP 2000 199142 A discloses a process for producing an airbag yarn in which dyeing and resin treatment are performed simultaneously.
  • US 4,583,987 A discloses a method of making a suture in which a mixture containing a dye and a lubricant is applied to the suture.
  • US 2,098,333 discloses a method of treating a suture wherein a treating agent altering the suture properties is applied to the suture with a godet, the suture being brought into contact with the godet at continuously varying intervals and lifted off the godet to provide the treatment in continuously varying amounts Apply intervals to the thread.
  • the treating agent contains a saponifying agent and a dye.
  • An object of the invention is to improve a method of the type mentioned in that it can be carried out with reduced economic effort.
  • the metering system may comprise a sponge applicator. This is the Mixture supplied to the sponge in particular continuously, so that it can be applied by the sponge as evenly as possible on the thread.
  • the thread first passes through an application area and then a subsequent homogenization in the conveying direction.
  • the mixture of preparation and dye is applied to the thread, whereupon, in the region of equalization, at least to a certain degree, equalization of the applied mixture over the length of the continuous thread is produced.
  • the mixture of preparation and dye could be applied to the thread via a godet immersed at least in some areas in a godet bath. Both the metering system and the godet bath will be explained in more detail in the description of the figures.
  • gluing (bonding) of the twisted thread components can take place.
  • bonding for example, two to three Vorzwirne be twisted together, with centered a Schmelzklebefaden is introduced between the Vorzwirne during the twisting process.
  • a heating of the hot-melt adhesive thread takes place, so that it liquefies distributed between the twisted Vorzwirnen and these glued together. This prevents a twisted thread from being able to open again during the sewing process.
  • a method according to the invention has a particularly advantageous effect, as it always happened in known from the prior art method that the said bond when introducing the wound on a dyeing bobbin thread into a dyebath solved again, so that costly production losses occurred when sewing airbags with unclean bonded airbag threads.
  • Such problems can be excluded according to the invention, since it is no longer necessary to introduce the bonded threads in a dyebath.
  • the thread is wound by means of said rewinding immediately onto a ready-made coil (final presentation), so that it is already present in a ready-to-sell form after the rewinding operation has been carried out.
  • the weight of the mixture is 4% to 8%, in particular approximately 6%, of the total weight of the finished thread.
  • Such threads are particularly suitable for the production of airbags.
  • the dye and preparation it is permissible for the dye and preparation to merely mix in such a way before the mixture is applied to the thread that the color in the preparation is not completely dissolved.
  • This has the consequence that, although the preparation is applied relatively evenly to the thread by means of dosing system or godet bath, due to the incomplete solution of the dye in the preparation, however, no uniform coloring of the thread can be achieved.
  • a thread colored with such a mixture can have a certain irregular color pattern, yet it is easily possible to recognize the particular color which can serve to identify a manufacturer.
  • the color is then evened out over the length of the thread ("smearing"), so that the quality inspection of the seams produced is not impaired.
  • the preparation used in the context of the invention may include, for example, silicones, paraffins, waxes, emulsifiers and / or antistatic agents.
  • silicones paraffins
  • waxes waxes
  • emulsifiers emulsifiers
  • antistatic agents emulsifiers
  • the mixture used according to the invention comprises a dye which is suitable for dyeing waxes or oils.
  • a dye which is suitable for dyeing waxes or oils.
  • Such dyes dissolve relatively well and evenly in a preparation.
  • the threads used for a method as described above preferably consist of polyamide, polyester, polypropylene, aromatic polyamides, polyacrylonitrile, polytetrafluoroethylene or polyethylene.
  • the invention further relates to a sewing thread, in particular an airbag thread, with a yarn properties improving preparation and a dye, wherein the outermost layer of the sewing thread is formed by a mixture of preparation and dye.
  • a thread can preferably be produced by a method described above. It differs from prior art filaments in that it does not have uniform "staining" throughout the cross section of the filament.
  • the thread of the invention has no colorless preparation as the outermost layer, but rather an outermost layer in which both preparation and dye are present.
  • the said outermost layer is only partially dyed by the dye, which essentially relates to the state of the thread before the sewing process.
  • the explained “smearing" of the dye is effected, so that then the sewn thread substantially complete coloring of the outermost layer is present.
  • Fig. 1 shows a dosing system 1, through which a thread 6 is moved in the context of a rewinding operation from left to right.
  • the dosing system 1 has an application area consisting of two sponge halves 2, 3 and a homogenization area following in the conveying direction of the thread, which is formed by two sponge halves 4, 5.
  • the two sponge halves 2, 3 are supplied in a manner not shown continuously with a mixture of preparation and dye.
  • a still relatively uneven layer is formed along the outer circumference of the thread 6, which is formed by the mixture of preparation and dye.
  • the thread carrying the said layer is pulled between the two sponge halves 4, 5, which are not supplied with a mixture.
  • the sponge halves 4, 5 are used exclusively to even out the mixture already on the thread surface.
  • the two sponge halves 4, 5 in the transport direction of the thread 6 have a significantly greater extent than the two sponge halves 2, 3 of the application area.
  • the extent of the sponge halves 4, 5 in said direction is in particular 3 to 7 times the extent of the sponge halves 2, 3 in the corresponding direction.
  • Fig. 2 shows a godet bath 7 with a godet trough 8, in which a rotatable about an axis godet 9 is partially immersed.
  • the godet trough 8 is filled in about half way with a mixture 10 of preparation and dye.
  • a thread 6 is wound one or more times.
  • the invention also includes methods in which a thread according to several dosing systems connected in series Fig. 1 passes.
  • a combination of metering systems and godet baths is also conceivable.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Textile Engineering (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Coloring (AREA)
  • Treatments For Attaching Organic Compounds To Fibrous Goods (AREA)
  • Yarns And Mechanical Finishing Of Yarns Or Ropes (AREA)
  • Artificial Filaments (AREA)

Abstract

The invention relates to a method for producing dyed sewing threads, especially airbag threads. According to said method, a preparation improving the thread properties and a dye are applied to the thread, the preparation and the dye being mixed and being applied jointly to the thread as a mixture. The invention also relates e.g. to a sewing thread produced according to said method.

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren zur Herstellung von gefärbten Nähfäden, insbesondere von Airbagfäden, bei dem auf den Faden sowohl eine die Fadeneigenschaften verbessernde Präparation als auch ein Farbstoff aufgebracht wird.The invention relates to a process for the production of colored sewing threads, in particular of airbag threads, in which on the thread both a thread properties improving preparation and a dye is applied.

Gefärbte Nähfäden werden zum einen für die Herstellung von Textilien, zum anderen aber auch für Spezialanwendungen, beispielsweise für das Nähen von Airbags, eingesetzt. Die für das Nähen von Airbags verwendeten Fäden werden einerseits gefärbt, um den Fäden eine Herstellerkennzeichnung zu verleihen, andererseits dient die Farbgebung zur Erzeugung eines Kontrasts im Bereich einer fertigen Naht, so dass diese leichter auf Fehlerfreiheit geprüft werden kann.Colored sewing threads are used on the one hand for the production of textiles, on the other hand also for special applications, for example for the sewing of airbags. The threads used for sewing airbags are dyed on the one hand to give the threads a manufacturer's mark, on the other hand, the color used to create a contrast in the field of a finished seam, so that it can be easily checked for accuracy.

Fäden der genannten Art sind weiterhin üblicherweise mit einer speziellen Präparation (oder auch "Ausrüstung" bzw. "Avivage") versehen, welche die Näheigenschaften des Fadens bestimmen bzw. verbessern. Je nach Anwendungsfall werden unterschiedliche Präparationen verwendet, die beispielsweise Auswirkungen auf die Gleiteigenschaften, die Scheuerfestigkeit oder die statische Aufladung des Fadens haben.Filaments of the type mentioned are furthermore usually provided with a special preparation (or "finishing" or "finishing"), which determine or improve the sewing properties of the thread. Depending on the application, different preparations are used which, for example, have an effect on the sliding properties, rub resistance or static charging of the thread.

Bei üblichen Verfahren zur Herstellung von gefärbten, mit einer Präparation versehenen Nähfäden werden die Fäden zuerst auf Färbespulen gewickelt, die dann einem Färbebad zugeführt werden, in welchem die Färbespulen eine gewisse Zeit verbleiben, bis die Fäden die gewünschte Farbe erhalten haben. Nach Abschluss des Färbevorgangs wird dann die jeweils gewünschte Präparation mittels eines geeigneten Präparierverfahrens auf die gefärbten Fäden aufgebracht, wobei es zur Durchführung solcher Präparierverfahren nötig ist, den Faden von der Färbespule auf eine weitere Spule umzuspulen, so dass die Präparation gezielt in dem Bereich zwischen beiden Spulen aufgebracht werden kann.In conventional processes for the preparation of dyed sutured yarns, the sutures are first wound on dye bobbins, which are then fed to a dyeing bath in which the dye bobbins remain for a time until the yarns have become the desired color. After completion of the dyeing process is then the respectively desired preparation by means of a suitable Präparierverfahrens applied to the colored threads, it being necessary to carry out such Präparierverfahren to rewind the thread from the dyeing bobbin to another coil, so that the preparation can be selectively applied in the region between the two coils.

WO 98/22224 A offenbart ein Verfahren gemäß dem Oberbegriff der Ansprüche 1 und 2. US 4,501,590 A offenbart ein ähnliches Verfahren, bei dem ein einen Farbstoff und eine Präparation enthaltendes Gemisch während des Vernähens eines Nähfadens in den Nähfaden eingebracht wird. WO 98/22224 A discloses a method according to the preamble of claims 1 and 2. US 4,501,590 A discloses a similar process in which a mixture containing a dye and a preparation is introduced into the suture during sewing of a suture.

JP 2000 199142 A offenbart ein Verfahren zur Herstellung eines Airbag-Fadens, bei dem eine Färbung und Harzbehandlung gleichzeitig durchgeführt werden. JP 2000 199142 A discloses a process for producing an airbag yarn in which dyeing and resin treatment are performed simultaneously.

US 4,583,987 A offenbart ein Verfahren zur Herstellung eines Nähfadens, bei dem ein Gemisch enthaltend einen Farbstoff und ein Gleitmittel auf den Nähfaden aufgebracht wird. US 4,583,987 A discloses a method of making a suture in which a mixture containing a dye and a lubricant is applied to the suture.

US 2,098,333 offenbart ein Verfahren zur Behandlung eines Fadens, bei dem ein die Fadeneigenschaften veränderndes Behandlungsmittel mit einer Galette auf den Faden aufgebracht wird, wobei der Faden in kontinuierlich variierenden Abständen mit der Galette in Kontakt gebracht und von der Galette abgehoben wird, um das Behandlungsmittel in kontinuierlich variierenden Abständen auf den Faden aufzubringen. Das Behandlungsmittel enthält ein Verseifungsmittel und einen Farbstoff. US 2,098,333 discloses a method of treating a suture wherein a treating agent altering the suture properties is applied to the suture with a godet, the suture being brought into contact with the godet at continuously varying intervals and lifted off the godet to provide the treatment in continuously varying amounts Apply intervals to the thread. The treating agent contains a saponifying agent and a dye.

Eine Aufgabe der Erfindung besteht darin, ein Verfahren der eingangs genannten Art dahingehend zu verbessern, dass es mit verringertem wirtschaftlichem Aufwand durchführbar wird.An object of the invention is to improve a method of the type mentioned in that it can be carried out with reduced economic effort.

Diese Aufgabe wird erfindungsgemäß durch ein Verfahren mit den Merkmalen des Anspruchs 1 gelöst. Bei dem Verfahren werden Präparation und Farbstoff vermischt und anschließend gemeinsam als Gemisch auf den Faden aufgebracht. Erfindungsgemäß wird das Gemisch mittels eines Dosiersystems, insbesondere mittels eines Schwämmchenapplikators, auf den Faden aufgebracht, wobei der Faden im Dosiersystem einen Applikationsbereich und einen in Förderrichtung darauf folgenden Vergleichmäßigungsbereich durchläuft.This object is achieved by a method having the features of claim 1. In the process preparation and dye are mixed and then applied together as a mixture on the thread. According to the invention, the mixture is applied to the thread by means of a metering system, in particular by means of a sponge applicator, whereby the thread in the metering system passes through an application area and a homogenization area following in the conveying direction.

Durch das Vermischen und anschließende gemeinsame Aufbringen von Präparation und Farbstoff wird der Vorgang des Färbens gewissermaßen in das Präparierverfahren integriert, so dass eine Herstellung von gefärbten Fäden durch ein Verfahren gemäß Anspruch 1 ermöglicht wird, bei dem bisher übliche zeitaufwändige Färbeprozesse praktisch komplett entfallen können, wodurch die Wirtschaftlichkeit der Herstellung signifikant erhöht wird. Dabei wird im Rahmen der Erfindung bewusst in Kauf genommen, dass beim Aufbringen einer mit einem Farbstoff vermischten Präparation nicht in jedem Fall eine reproduzierbare und gleichmäßige Einfärbung des Fadens erreicht wird, so wie dies üblicherweise für die Herstellung von Textilien erforderlich ist. Erfindungsgemäß wurde nämlich erkannt, dass es bei bestimmten Anwendungsfällen, insbesondere bei der Produktion von Airbagfäden, keine Rolle spielt, ob ein Farbton des Fadens exakt getroffen wird und reproduzierbar erzeugbar ist. Vielmehr genügt es bei der Herstellung von Airbagfäden, wenn eine bestimmte Farbe nur qualitativ erkannt werden kann, wobei es darüber hinaus nicht nötig ist, dass die Farbe vor dem Nähvorgang gleichmäßig über die Länge des Fadens verteilt ist.By mixing and then applying the preparation and dye together, the process of dyeing is effectively integrated into the preparation process, so that a production of colored threads by a method according to claim 1 is possible, can be omitted in the usual time-consuming dyeing processes practically completely the profitability of production is significantly increased. It is deliberately accepted in the context of the invention that when applying mixed with a dye Preparation is not always a reproducible and uniform coloration of the thread is achieved, as is usually required for the production of textiles. In fact, according to the invention, it has been recognized that in certain applications, in particular in the production of airbag threads, it does not matter whether a hue of the thread is exactly hit and can be reproducibly produced. Rather, it is sufficient in the production of airbag threads, if a certain color can be recognized only qualitatively, and it is also not necessary that the color is evenly distributed over the length of the thread prior to sewing.

Bei der Erprobung der Erfindung hat sich darüber hinaus ergeben, dass beim Nähen eines erfindungsgemäß ungleichmäßig eingefärbten Fadens durch die Reibung zwischen Faden und zu vernähendem Material eine Vergleichmäßigung der Farbe über die Länge des Fadens bewirkt wird, indem die Farbe während des Nähvorgangs entlang des Fadens "verschmiert" wird. Der Faden weist also nach dem Nähvorgang über seine gesamte Länge aufgrund des genannten "Verschmierens" eine im Wesentlichen gleichmäßige Färbung auf, so dass die Qualität einer erzeugten Naht anhand von Kontrastunterschieden zwischen Faden und vernähtem Material über die gesamte Länge des Fadens problemlos geprüft werden kann.
Zudem kann auch mit einem erfindungsgemäß ungleichmäßig eingefärbten Faden erreicht werden, dass die aufgebrachte Farbe vor dem Nähvorgang als Herstellerkennzeichnung erkennbar ist, da für eine solche Erkennung keine gleichmäßige Verteilung der Farbe über die Länge des Fadens erforderlich ist.In the testing of the invention has also shown that when sewing a non-uniformly colored thread according to the invention by the friction between the thread and material to be sewn a homogenization of the color over the length of the thread is effected by the color during the sewing along the thread " smeared ". Thus, after the sewing process, the thread has a substantially uniform coloring over its entire length due to the so-called "smearing", so that the quality of a seam produced can be checked without problems on the basis of contrast differences between the thread and the sewn material over the entire length of the thread.
In addition, can be achieved with a non-uniformly colored thread according to the invention that the applied color before the sewing process as a manufacturer identification is recognizable, since no uniform distribution of the color over the length of the thread is required for such recognition.

Wenn gemäß Anspruch 1 ein Dosiersystem verwendet wird, kann das Dosiersystem einen Schwämmchenapplikator umfassen. Dabei wird das Gemisch dem Schwämmchen insbesondere kontinuierlich zugeführt, so dass es vom Schwämmchen möglichst gleichmäßig auf den Faden aufgebracht werden kann.
Im Rahmen eines Dosiersystems gemäß Anspruch 1 durchläuft der Faden zuerst einen Applikationsbereich und anschließend einen in Förderrichtung darauf folgenden Vergleichmäßigungsbereich. Im Rahmen des Applikationsbereichs wird das Gemisch aus Präparation und Farbstoff auf den Faden aufgebracht, woraufhin im Vergleichmäßigungsbereich zumindest bis zu einem gewissen Grad eine Vergleichmäßigung des aufgebrachten Gemisches über die Länge des durchlaufenden Fadens erzeugt wird.When a metering system is used according to claim 1, the metering system may comprise a sponge applicator. This is the Mixture supplied to the sponge in particular continuously, so that it can be applied by the sponge as evenly as possible on the thread.
As part of a dosing system according to claim 1, the thread first passes through an application area and then a subsequent homogenization in the conveying direction. Within the scope of the application range, the mixture of preparation and dye is applied to the thread, whereupon, in the region of equalization, at least to a certain degree, equalization of the applied mixture over the length of the continuous thread is produced.

Alternativ zu dem genannten, im Rahmen der Erfindung eingesetzten Dosiersystem könnte das Gemisch aus Präparation und Farbstoff über eine zumindest bereichsweise in ein Galettenbad eintauchende Galette auf den Faden aufgebracht werden.
Sowohl das Dosiersystem als auch das Galettenbad werden im Rahmen der Figurenbeschreibung noch näher erläutert.As an alternative to the mentioned metering system used in the invention, the mixture of preparation and dye could be applied to the thread via a godet immersed at least in some areas in a godet bath.
Both the metering system and the godet bath will be explained in more detail in the description of the figures.

Bevorzugt ist es, wenn vor dem Aufbringen des Gemisches aus Präparation und Farbstoff ein Zwirnvorgang erfolg, da insbesondere für die Herstellung von Airbagfäden in der Regel nur verzwirnte Fäden eingesetzt werden.It is preferred if a twisting process succeeds prior to the application of the mixture of preparation and dye, since in general only twisted threads are used for the production of airbag threads.

Vor dem Aufbringen des Gemisches kann ein Verkleben (Bondieren) der verzwirnten Fadenkomponenten erfolgen. Im Rahmen eines solchen Verklebens können beispielsweise zwei bis drei Vorzwirne miteinander verzwirnt werden, wobei zentriert ein Schmelzklebefaden zwischen die Vorzwirne während des Zwirnvorgangs eingebracht wird. Anschließend erfolgt dann ein Erhitzen des Schmelzklebefadens, so dass sich dieser verflüssigt zwischen den verzwirnten Vorzwirnen verteilt und diese miteinander verklebt. So wird verhindert, dass sich ein verzwirnter Faden während des Nähvorgangs wieder aufdrehen kann.Before application of the mixture, gluing (bonding) of the twisted thread components can take place. As part of such bonding, for example, two to three Vorzwirne be twisted together, with centered a Schmelzklebefaden is introduced between the Vorzwirne during the twisting process. Subsequently, a heating of the hot-melt adhesive thread takes place, so that it liquefies distributed between the twisted Vorzwirnen and these glued together. This prevents a twisted thread from being able to open again during the sewing process.

Wenn die verzwirnten Fadenkomponenten (Vorzwirne) miteinander verklebt sind, wirkt sich ein erfindungsgemäßes Verfahren besonders vorteilhaft aus, da es bei aus dem Stand der Technik bekannten Verfahren immer wieder vorkam, dass sich die genannte Verklebung beim Einbringen des auf eine Färbespule gewickelten Fadens in ein Färbebad wieder gelöst hat, so dass kostenaufwändige Produktionsausfälle beim Nähen von Airbags mit unsauber verklebten Airbagfäden auftraten. Derartige Probleme können erfindungsgemäß ausgeschlossen werden, da es nicht mehr nötig ist, die verklebten Fäden in ein Färbebad einzubringen.If the twisted thread components (Vorzwirne) are glued together, a method according to the invention has a particularly advantageous effect, as it always happened in known from the prior art method that the said bond when introducing the wound on a dyeing bobbin thread into a dyebath solved again, so that costly production losses occurred when sewing airbags with unclean bonded airbag threads. Such problems can be excluded according to the invention, since it is no longer necessary to introduce the bonded threads in a dyebath.

Wie bereits erwähnt, ist es also vorteilhaft, das Gemisch aus Präparation und Farbstoff in einem färbebadfreien Prozess auf den Faden aufzubringen, wobei dieses Aufbringen bevorzugt während eines Umspulvorgangs erfolgt. Ein solcher Umspulvorgang kann beispielsweise mit einer Geschwindigkeit von bis zu 1000 m/min. durchgeführt werden. Auf diese Weise lässt sich ein erfindungsgemäßes Verfahren auf wirtschaftlich vorteilhafte Weise in äußerst kurzer Zeit durchführen.As already mentioned, it is thus advantageous to apply the mixture of preparation and dye to the thread in a dye-bath-free process, wherein this application preferably takes place during a rewinding operation. Such a rewinding process can, for example, at a speed of up to 1000 m / min. be performed. In this way, a method according to the invention can be carried out in an economically advantageous manner in a very short time.

Besonders bevorzugt ist es, wenn der Faden mittels des genannten Umspulvorgangs gleich auf eine Fertigspule (Endaufmachung) gewickelt wird, so dass er nach Durchführung des Umspulvorgangs bereits in einer vertriebsfertigen Form vorliegt.It is particularly preferred if the thread is wound by means of said rewinding immediately onto a ready-made coil (final presentation), so that it is already present in a ready-to-sell form after the rewinding operation has been carried out.

Besonders vorteilhaft ist es, wenn eine solche Menge an Gemisch auf den Faden aufgebracht wird, dass das Gewicht des Gemisches 4 % bis 8 %, insbesondere ungefähr 6 % des Gesamtgewichts des fertigen Fadens beträgt. Derartige Fäden eignen sich besonders für die Herstellung von Airbags.It is particularly advantageous if such an amount of mixture is applied to the thread that the weight of the mixture is 4% to 8%, in particular approximately 6%, of the total weight of the finished thread. Such threads are particularly suitable for the production of airbags.

Im Rahmen der Erfindung ist es zulässig, dass sich Farbstoff und Präparation vor dem Aufbringen des Gemisches auf den Faden lediglich derart vermischen, dass die Farbe in der Präparation nicht vollständig gelöst ist. Dies hat dann zur Folge, dass mittels Dosiersystem oder Galettenbad zwar die Präparation relativ gleichmäßig auf den Faden aufgebracht wird, aufgrund der nicht vollständigen Lösung des Farbstoffs in der Präparation jedoch keine gleichmäßige Einfärbung des Fadens erzielt werden kann. Ein mit einem solchen Gemisch eingefärbter Faden kann also beispielsweise ein gewisses unregelmäßiges Farbmuster aufweisen, wobei es dennoch problemlos möglich ist, die jeweilige Farbe, die zur Kennzeichnung eines Herstellers dienen kann, zu erkennen. Wie bereits erläutert, ergibt sich in der Folge beim Nähvorgang dann jedoch eine Vergleichmäßigung der Farbe über die Länge des Fadens ("Verschmieren"), so dass die Qualitätsprüfung der erzeugten Nähte nicht beeinträchtigt wird.In the context of the invention, it is permissible for the dye and preparation to merely mix in such a way before the mixture is applied to the thread that the color in the preparation is not completely dissolved. This has the consequence that, although the preparation is applied relatively evenly to the thread by means of dosing system or godet bath, due to the incomplete solution of the dye in the preparation, however, no uniform coloring of the thread can be achieved. Thus, for example, a thread colored with such a mixture can have a certain irregular color pattern, yet it is easily possible to recognize the particular color which can serve to identify a manufacturer. However, as already explained, in the sequence during the sewing process, the color is then evened out over the length of the thread ("smearing"), so that the quality inspection of the seams produced is not impaired.

Die im Rahmen der Erfindung zum Einsatz gelangende Präparation kann beispielsweise Silikone, Paraffine, Wachse, Emulgatoren und/oder Antistatika beinhalten. Auch der Einsatz zusätzlicher, hier nicht explizit aufgeführter Komponenten ist möglich.The preparation used in the context of the invention may include, for example, silicones, paraffins, waxes, emulsifiers and / or antistatic agents. The use of additional, not explicitly listed components is possible.

Besonders bevorzugt ist es, wenn das erfindungsgemäß eingesetzte Gemisch einen Farbstoff beinhaltet, welcher zum Einfärben von Wachsen oder Ölen geeignet ist. Derartige Farbstoffe lösen sich vergleichsweise gut und gleichmäßig in einer Präparation auf.
Die für ein wie vorstehend beschriebenes Verfahren eingesetzten Fäden bestehen bevorzugt aus Polyamid, Polyester, Polypropylen, aromatischen Polyamiden, Polyacrylnitril, Polytetrafluoräthylen oder Polyäthylen.It is particularly preferred if the mixture used according to the invention comprises a dye which is suitable for dyeing waxes or oils. Such dyes dissolve relatively well and evenly in a preparation.
The threads used for a method as described above preferably consist of polyamide, polyester, polypropylene, aromatic polyamides, polyacrylonitrile, polytetrafluoroethylene or polyethylene.

Die Erfindung betrifft ferner einen Nähfaden, insbesondere einen Airbagfaden, mit einer die Fadeneigenschaften verbessernden Präparation und einem Farbstoff, wobei die äußerste Schicht des Nähfadens durch ein Gemisch aus Präparation und Farbstoff gebildet ist. Ein solcher Faden lässt sich bevorzugt durch ein vorstehend beschriebenes Verfahren herstellen. Er unterscheidet sich von Fäden gemäß Stand der Technik dadurch, dass er keine einheitliche "Durchfärbung" über den gesamten Querschnitt des Fadens besitzt. Zudem besitzt der erfindungsgemäße Faden keine farblose Präparation als äußerste Schicht, sondern vielmehr eine äußerste Schicht, in der sowohl Präparation als auch Farbstoff vorhanden sind.The invention further relates to a sewing thread, in particular an airbag thread, with a yarn properties improving preparation and a dye, wherein the outermost layer of the sewing thread is formed by a mixture of preparation and dye. Such a thread can preferably be produced by a method described above. It differs from prior art filaments in that it does not have uniform "staining" throughout the cross section of the filament. In addition, the thread of the invention has no colorless preparation as the outermost layer, but rather an outermost layer in which both preparation and dye are present.

Dabei ist die genannte äußerste Schicht nur bereichsweise durch den Farbstoff eingefärbt, wobei dies im Wesentlichen den Zustand des Fadens vor dem Nähvorgang betrifft. Durch den Nähvorgang wird das erläuterte "Verschmieren" des Farbstoffs bewirkt, so dass dann beim vernähten Faden eine im Wesentlichen komplette Färbung der äußersten Schicht vorhanden ist.In this case, the said outermost layer is only partially dyed by the dye, which essentially relates to the state of the thread before the sewing process. By the sewing process, the explained "smearing" of the dye is effected, so that then the sewn thread substantially complete coloring of the outermost layer is present.

Weitere bevorzugte Ausführungsformen der Erfindung sind in den Unteransprüchen angegeben.Further preferred embodiments of the invention are specified in the subclaims.

Die Erfindung wird nachfolgend anhand von Ausführungsbeispielen unter Bezugnahme auf die Zeichnungen beschrieben; dabei zeigt:

Fig. 1
eine schematische Darstellung eines Dosiersystems, welches zur Aufbringung des erfindungsgemäßen Gemisches geeignet ist, und
Fig. 2
eine schematische Darstellung eines Galettenbades, welches ebenfalls die genannte Funktion besitzt.
The invention will now be described by way of example with reference to the drawings; showing:
Fig. 1
a schematic representation of a metering system which is suitable for applying the mixture according to the invention, and
Fig. 2
a schematic representation of a godet bath, which also has the said function.

Fig. 1 zeigt ein Dosiersystem 1, durch welches ein Faden 6 im Rahmen eines Umspulvorgangs von links nach rechts hindurch bewegt wird. Das Dosiersystem 1 besitzt einen aus zwei Schwämmchenhälften 2, 3 bestehenden Applikationsbereich und einen in Förderrichtung des Fadens darauf folgenden Vergleichmäßigungsbereich, der durch zwei Schwämmchenhälften 4, 5 gebildet wird. Fig. 1 shows a dosing system 1, through which a thread 6 is moved in the context of a rewinding operation from left to right. The dosing system 1 has an application area consisting of two sponge halves 2, 3 and a homogenization area following in the conveying direction of the thread, which is formed by two sponge halves 4, 5.

Die beiden Schwämmchenhälften 2, 3 werden auf nicht näher dargestellte Weise kontinuierlich mit einem Gemisch aus Präparation und Farbstoff versorgt. Wenn der Faden 6 zwischen den beiden Schwämmchenhälften 2, 3 hindurchgezogen wird, entsteht entlang des äußeren Umfangs des Fadens 6 eine noch relativ ungleichmäßige Schicht, die durch das Gemisch aus Präparation und Farbstoff gebildet wird.The two sponge halves 2, 3 are supplied in a manner not shown continuously with a mixture of preparation and dye. When the thread 6 is pulled between the two sponge halves 2, 3, a still relatively uneven layer is formed along the outer circumference of the thread 6, which is formed by the mixture of preparation and dye.

In der Folge wird der die genannte Schicht tragende Faden zwischen den beiden Schwämmchenhälften 4, 5 hindurchgezogen, welche nicht mit Gemisch versorgt werden. Die Schwämmchenhälften 4, 5 dienen ausschließlich dazu, das bereits auf der Fadenoberfläche befindliche Gemisch zu vergleichmäßigen. Dabei besitzen die beiden Schwämmchenhälften 4, 5 in Transportrichtung des Fadens 6 eine deutlich größere Ausdehnung als die beiden Schwämmchenhälften 2, 3 des Applikationsbereichs. Die Ausdehnung der Schwämmchenhälften 4, 5 in der genannten Richtung beträgt insbesondere das 3- bis 7-fache der Ausdehnung der Schwämmchenhälften 2, 3 in der entsprechenden Richtung.As a result, the thread carrying the said layer is pulled between the two sponge halves 4, 5, which are not supplied with a mixture. The sponge halves 4, 5 are used exclusively to even out the mixture already on the thread surface. The two sponge halves 4, 5 in the transport direction of the thread 6 have a significantly greater extent than the two sponge halves 2, 3 of the application area. The extent of the sponge halves 4, 5 in said direction is in particular 3 to 7 times the extent of the sponge halves 2, 3 in the corresponding direction.

Durch die Schwämmchenhälften 4, 5 wird in der Regel zumindest ein gleichmäßiger Auftrag der Präparation auf der Fadenoberfläche erreicht. Falls der Farbstoff in der Präparation nicht gleichmäßig gelöst ist, ergibt sich eine Vergleichmäßigung des Farbstoffs in der äußersten Schicht des Fadens 6 erst durch den Nähvorgang.As a rule, at least a uniform application of the preparation to the thread surface is achieved by the sponge halves 4, 5. If the dye is not uniformly dissolved in the preparation, a homogenization of the dye in the outermost layer of the thread 6 only results from the sewing process.

Fig. 2 zeigt ein Galettenbad 7 mit einem Galettentrog 8, in den eine um eine Achse drehbare Galette 9 bereichsweise eintaucht. Der Galettentrog 8 ist in etwa bis zur Hälfte mit einem Gemisch 10 aus Präparation und Farbstoff gefüllt. Um die Galette 9 ist während der Durchführung eines beispielhaften Verfahrens ein Faden 6 einfach oder mehrfach gewickelt. Fig. 2 shows a godet bath 7 with a godet trough 8, in which a rotatable about an axis godet 9 is partially immersed. The godet trough 8 is filled in about half way with a mixture 10 of preparation and dye. Around the godet 9, while performing an exemplary method, a thread 6 is wound one or more times.

Wenn nun der Faden 6 im Rahmen eines Umspulvorgangs über die Galette 9 geführt wird, ist sichergestellt, dass der Faden über seine gesamte Länge je nach Anzahl der Galettenwicklungen einmal oder mehrmals in das Gemisch 10 eingetaucht wird, so dass durch diesen temporär erfolgenden Tauchvorgang an der Oberfläche des Fadens 6 eine Schicht aus Präparation und Farbstoff erzeugt wird.Now, if the thread 6 is guided in the course of a rewinding on the godet 9, it is ensured that the thread is immersed over its entire length depending on the number of godet windings one or more times in the mixture 10, so that by this temporarily occurring dipping on the Surface of the thread 6, a layer of preparation and dye is produced.

Die Erfindung umfasst auch Verfahren, bei denen ein Faden mehrere hintereinander geschaltete Dosiersysteme gemäß Fig. 1 durchläuft. Auch eine Kombination von Dosiersystemen und Galettenbädern ist grundsätzlich denkbar.The invention also includes methods in which a thread according to several dosing systems connected in series Fig. 1 passes. A combination of metering systems and godet baths is also conceivable.

BezugszeichenlisteLIST OF REFERENCE NUMBERS

11
Dosiersystemdosing
22
SchwämmchenhälfteSchwämmchenhälfte
33
SchwämmchenhälfteSchwämmchenhälfte
44
SchwämmchenhälfteSchwämmchenhälfte
55
SchwämmchenhälfteSchwämmchenhälfte
66
Fadenthread
77
Galettenbadgodet
88th
GalettentrogGalettentrog
99
GaletteGalette
1010
Gemischmixture

Claims (13)

  1. A method for manufacturing dyed sewing threads (6), in particular airbag threads, wherein both a preparation improving the thread properties and a dye are applied to the thread (6); wherein the preparation and the dye are mixed and are subsequently applied together to the thread as a mixture (10); and wherein the mixture (10) is applied to the thread (6) by means of a metering system (1),
    characterized in that
    the thread (6) runs through an application region (2, 3) and a homogenization region (4, 5) following it in the conveying direction in the metering system (1).
  2. A method in accordance with claim 1,
    characterized in that
    a twisting process, and in particular a bonding of the twisted thread components, takes place before the application of the mixture (10).
  3. A method in accordance with one of the preceding claims,
    characterized in that
    the mixture (10) is applied to the thread (6) in a process free of a dye bath.
  4. A method in accordance with any one of the preceding claims,
    characterized in that
    the mixture (10) is applied to the thread (6) during a re-reeling process, wherein the re-reeling process is in particular carried out at a speed of up to 1000 m/min.
  5. A method in accordance with any one of the preceding claims,
    characterized in that
    such an amount of mixture (10) is applied to the thread (6) that the weight of the mixture (10) amounts to 4% to 8%, in particular to approximately 6%, of the total weight of the finished thread (6).
  6. A method in accordance with any one of the preceding claims,
    characterized in that
    the dye and the preparation are mixed such that the dye is not completely dissolved in the preparation.
  7. A method in accordance with any one of the preceding claims,
    characterized in that
    the preparation contains silicones, paraffins, waxes, emulsifiers and/or antistatic agents;
    and/or in that the mixture (10) contains a dye which is suitable for the dyeing of waxes or oils.
  8. A method in accordance with any one of the preceding claims,
    characterized in that
    the thread (6) comprises polyamide, polyester, polypropylene, aromatic polyamides, polyacrylonitrile, polytetrafluoroethylene or polyethylene.
  9. A sewing thread, in particular an airbag thread, having a preparation improving the thread properties and a dye, wherein the outermost layer of the thread (6) is formed by a mixture of the preparation and of the dye,
    characterized in that
    the outermost layer formed by the mixture of the preparation and the dye is only regionally dyed by the dye
  10. A sewing thread in accordance with claim 9,
    characterized in that
    the preparation contains silicones, paraffins, waxes, emulsifiers and/or antistatic agents; and/or
    in that the mixture (10) contains a dye which is suitable for the dyeing of waxes or oils.
  11. A sewing thread in accordance with one of the claims 9 or 10,
    characterized in that
    the thread (6) comprises polyamide, polyester, polypropylene, aromatic polyamides, polyacrylonitrile, polytetrafluoroethylene or polyethylene.
  12. A sewing thread in accordance with any one of the claims 9 to 11,
    characterized in that
    the thread (6) is made as ply yarn.
  13. A sewing thread in accordance with any one of the claims 9 to 12,
    characterized in that
    the twisted thread components are bonded.
EP08773614.6A 2007-07-04 2008-06-24 Method for producing dyed sewing threads Active EP2165016B2 (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
PL08773614T PL2165016T5 (en) 2007-07-04 2008-06-24 Method for producing dyed sewing threads

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DE102007031037A DE102007031037A1 (en) 2007-07-04 2007-07-04 Process for the production of dyed sewing threads
PCT/EP2008/005104 WO2009003615A2 (en) 2007-07-04 2008-06-24 Method for producing dyed sewing threads

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DE (1) DE102007031037A1 (en)
ES (1) ES2448869T5 (en)
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KR101957332B1 (en) * 2012-11-30 2019-06-19 코오롱인더스트리 주식회사 Polyester sewing thread and preparation method thereof for airbag
CN104820850A (en) * 2015-04-23 2015-08-05 汉广瑞丰包装(北京)有限公司 Processing device of sewing sealing line, sewing sealing line, and anti-unpacking package bag
WO2017203524A1 (en) 2016-05-24 2017-11-30 Twine Solutions Ltd. System, machine and method for treating threads or parts thereof
SE539997C2 (en) 2016-08-28 2018-02-20 Inventech Europe Ab A treatment unit for in-line treatment of threads
CN108978276A (en) * 2018-08-09 2018-12-11 界首市恒仁服饰有限公司 A kind of dyeing treatment of polyester fabric

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DE3006687A1 (en) * 1980-02-22 1981-08-27 Hoechst Ag, 6000 Frankfurt PROCESS FOR SIMULTANEOUS DYEING AND BONDING OF SEALING SILK FROM POLYESTER FILAMENTS
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DE19926356A1 (en) * 1999-06-10 2000-12-14 Clariant Gmbh Continuous brightening up or coloring of plastic or cellulose fibers by applying a brightener or color and fiber preparation agent direct to the fibers and heating

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US20110016842A1 (en) 2011-01-27
CN101765688A (en) 2010-06-30
PL2165016T5 (en) 2018-06-29
CN101765688B (en) 2014-07-16
WO2009003615A3 (en) 2009-02-19
EP2165016B2 (en) 2017-12-27
EP2165016A2 (en) 2010-03-24
PL2165016T3 (en) 2014-05-30
ES2448869T5 (en) 2018-04-04
ES2448869T3 (en) 2014-03-17
MX2009014170A (en) 2010-03-04
DE102007031037A1 (en) 2009-01-08
PT2165016E (en) 2014-03-04

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