Classifications

• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
  • B22C—FOUNDRY MOULDING
  • B22C1/00—Compositions of refractory mould or core materials; Grain structures thereof; Chemical or physical features in the formation or manufacture of moulds
  • B22C1/16—Compositions of refractory mould or core materials; Grain structures thereof; Chemical or physical features in the formation or manufacture of moulds characterised by the use of binding agents; Mixtures of binding agents
  • B22C1/18—Compositions of refractory mould or core materials; Grain structures thereof; Chemical or physical features in the formation or manufacture of moulds characterised by the use of binding agents; Mixtures of binding agents of inorganic agents
  • B22C1/186—Compositions of refractory mould or core materials; Grain structures thereof; Chemical or physical features in the formation or manufacture of moulds characterised by the use of binding agents; Mixtures of binding agents of inorganic agents contaming ammonium or metal silicates, silica sols
  • B22C1/188—Alkali metal silicates
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
  • B22C—FOUNDRY MOULDING
  • B22C1/00—Compositions of refractory mould or core materials; Grain structures thereof; Chemical or physical features in the formation or manufacture of moulds
  • B22C1/16—Compositions of refractory mould or core materials; Grain structures thereof; Chemical or physical features in the formation or manufacture of moulds characterised by the use of binding agents; Mixtures of binding agents
  • B22C1/18—Compositions of refractory mould or core materials; Grain structures thereof; Chemical or physical features in the formation or manufacture of moulds characterised by the use of binding agents; Mixtures of binding agents of inorganic agents

Definitions

• the invention relates to a core or molding sand for the production of cores and casting molds, for casting molten metal, which comprises a molding base material (eg quartz sand, chrome ore sand, zircon sand, olivine sand, synthetic sands) containing water glass and wherein the core or molding sand a Water content in the range of ⁇ about 0.25 wt .-% to about 0.9 wt .-%, based on the total weight of the core and molding sand has. Furthermore, the invention relates to a method for producing such a core or foundry sand and a method for producing a core or a casting mold with this core or molding sand and its use.
• a molding base material eg quartz sand, chrome ore sand, zircon sand, olivine sand, synthetic sands
• the core or molding sand a Water content in the range of ⁇ about 0.25 wt .-% to
• Core or molding sands for the production of cores or other casting molds are known. Usually, these are first brought into the desired shape by a die-forming tool, such as a core tool, filled with the core or molding sand and then the core or molding sand is compacted and cured. After opening the tool, the desired molding, such as a casting core, can be removed. Using this casting core, metal melts, including aluminum alloy melts, can then be poured into the desired shape. After the molten metal has solidified, the casting core or the casting mold can be removed, for example by means of shaking. By shaking the previously solid and stable G thinkkern- / form decays.
• a known process for the production of core or foundry sand is also called "croning process” according to its inventor.
• a fine-grained quartz sand is used as the molding material, in which each sand grain is coated with a thermoplastic phenolic resin layer.
• the phenolic resins are solid at room temperature before heating in the uncured state. If the core or foundry sand is now introduced into a molding cavity, such as a die-forming tool, such as a core tool, and heated to 250 ° C. to 300 ° C., the binder film melts and binder bridges are formed by polycondensation Conclusion of the polycondensation reaction are solid and have thermosetting properties.
• the finished core or the finished shape can be removed from the tool.
• the core or molding sand used in the croning process has the advantage over other common core / mold making processes (eg cold box, hot box, furan resin, water glass CO 2 process) that the curing reaction is in contrast to the previously mentioned processes not directly after mixing, but only after renewed heat supply (250 ° C-300 ° C) begins.
• the shelf life of the ready-mixed core or foundry sand is virtually unlimited when properly stored.
• the core or molding sand exhibits good flowability, good image accuracy, high dimensional accuracy, high edge sharpness and high surface quality.
• a disadvantage of the croning process is that the tool temperature for producing the cores or the moldings from the core or molding sand must be selected to be extremely high, which causes a high energy requirement.
• the phenolic resin burns to release Harmful and polluting emissions (eg mono- and polycyclic aromatics).
• Harmful and polluting emissions eg mono- and polycyclic aromatics.
• the disposal of the used core or molded parts after casting is an environmental problem, since they can be deposited only with high financial cost (hazardous waste landfill). Even a possible thermal regeneration is associated with extremely high costs and environmental pollution.
• a molding material with an inorganic, for example. Water glass-based binder.
• the molding material is mixed with an aqueous solution of water glass and injected immediately ansch manend in a mold.
• a molding heat can be supplied to solidify by dehydration, the core or molding sand (physical hardening).
• the core or molding sand will be gassed with CO 2 to chemically cure the molding.
• DE 196 32 293 discloses a method for producing core moldings for the foundry technology, wherein a mixture of an inorganic refractory molding sand and a water-based inorganic binder filled in a core box and then withdrawn to solidify the core, the water or is gassed with CO 2 .
• a waterglass-based binder system useful in these processes is disclosed in U.S. Pat DE 199 51 622 described. This consists of an aqueous alkali silicate solution, wherein it additionally contains a hygroscopic base. The solids content of the alkali metal silicate solutions used is described as 20 to 40%.
• EP 0 917 499 a method for producing core moldings for the foundry technique, in which a mixture of an inorganic, refractory molding sand and a waterglass-based inorganic binder is used under certain conditions in forming the core molding. It is also in EP 0 917 499 a method for producing a circulating core sand described consisting of residues of old cores from core moldings. This means that this sand has passed through the casting process at least once, ie the cores were poured, gutted and then singled out.
• an aqueous alkali metal silicate solution is mixed with a molding material and then this moist mixture is introduced directly into a molding tool.
• a disadvantage of this method is that after mixing the molding base material and the aqueous alkali silicate solution obtained is not storage-stable or only limited shelf life, as in a closed molding material container. This means that the mixture must be prepared immediately before the production of the molding and then used immediately.
• the core or molding sand of mold base material and an aqueous alkali silicate solution is only conditionally free flowing and therefore additional measures must be taken to ensure that the core or molding sand fills all the cavities of a mold, such as by applying negative pressure or Shaking the mold.
• additional measures must be taken to ensure that the core or molding sand fills all the cavities of a mold, such as by applying negative pressure or Shaking the mold.
• the in EP 0 917 499 described core recirculating sand is unsuitable to obtain a storage stability combined with good properties in producing a core molding, since the core sand is not directly used for the production of core moldings.
• the present invention is therefore based on the object to provide a core or molding sand available, which overcomes the disadvantages of conventional core or molding sand and in particular to provide a core or molding sand available, which is storage stable and immediately, without further Steps can be used to manufacture a molded article without health or environmental risks associated with its use. Furthermore, the core or molding sand should allow easy and safe filling into a mold.
• a core or molding sand for cores and casting molds for casting molten metal comprising a molding base material coated or mixed with water glass and having a water content in the range of ⁇ about 0.25 wt% to about 0 , 9 wt .-%, based on the total weight of the core and molding sand has.
• the water content is understood to include the upper and lower values of the region (s).
• a method for producing a core or foundry sand according to the invention is provided and a method for producing a core and a casting mold for casting molten metal using the core or foundry sand according to the invention.
• the water glass used according to the invention preferably has a dynamic viscosity of ⁇ 10 2 Pa * s, more preferably 2,5 10 2.5 Pa * s, in particular of ⁇ 10 3 Pa * s.
• Water glass with a dynamic viscosity of ⁇ 10 2 Pa * s is solid. This means that the core or foundry sand according to the invention is coated or mixed in particular with solid water glass.
• the core and foundry sand according to the invention has a water content in the range of ⁇ about 0.25 wt .-% to about 0.9 wt .-%, based on the total weight of the core and foundry sand, preferably from about ⁇ about 0.3 Wt .-% to about 0.9 wt .-%, in particular from ⁇ about 0.3 wt .-% to about 0.9 wt .-%, based on the total weight of the core and foundry sand.
• the water content of the core and molding sand is less than about 0.25 wt .-%, based on the total weight of the core and foundry sand, then no core and molding sand is obtained, which can be used immediately, in particular no core and molding sand which would be useful in the inventive method of making a core and mold described below.
• the water content is over about 0.9% by weight, no storage-stable core or molding sand is obtained.
• the Water content is calculated according to the VDG leaflet " Testing of clay-bonded plastics Determination of water content "P 32, Section 4.1., April 1997 certainly.
• coated means that the individual particles of the molding material are substantially uniformly coated by a waterglass coating.
• the term is not to be understood as meaning that each individual particle of the molding material must be coated separately with a waterglass coating, but also includes embodiments in which particles are only partially coated or several particles are coated together by a waterglass coating.
• mixed means that the water glass is firmly mixed (homogenized) with the molding base material.
• the core or molding sand according to the invention is characterized in that it is dry and free-flowing.
• the determination of the flowability is carried out, for example, with measuring funnels or special pourability testing equipment, such as from the company Karg Industrietechnik, wherein the trickle time is measured at a given mass or given volume as a comparison indicator and specified in seconds.
• the core and molding sand of the present invention preferably has a flowability of ⁇ about 4 seconds, more preferably ⁇ about 3.5 seconds, measured at a sample amount of 350 g in a measuring funnel having an inner diameter at its upper, wide edge of 90 mm and a funnel height of a total of 95 mm and a length of 32 mm and an inner diameter of the spout of 15 mm at room temperature of about 20 ° C.
• the water glass with which the molding base material is coated or mixed preferably comprises additional additives selected from the group consisting of adhesion promoters, flow improvers, casting surface improvers and release agents.
• the additive is preferably selected from the group consisting of sodium hydroxide solution, amorphous SiO 2 , graphite, silicone oil emulsion, stearates, various oils, surfactants, aluminum oxides, iron oxides, talc, boron nitrides, magnesium oxide and various metal oxides.
• the adhesion promoter is preferably selected from sodium hydroxide solution, hygroscopic bases and / or surfactants.
• the flow improvers used are preferably additives selected from the group consisting of amorphous SiO 2 , graphite, silicone oil, silicone oil emulsion, stearates, various oils and surfactants.
• As the improving agent for the casting surface there are preferably used additives selected from the group consisting of amorphous SiO 2 , graphite, aluminum oxides, iron oxides, talc, boron nitrides, magnesium oxide and various metal oxides.
• the release agents used are preferably additives selected from the group consisting of silicone oil, silicone oil emulsion, aluminum oxides, iron oxides, talc, graphite and boron nitride.
• the drying agent and / or flow aid used is preferably dry, amorphous SiO 2 .
• the molding material used is preferably a refractory mineral or synthetic sand, in particular quartz sand, zircon sand, chrome ore sand, almost spherical sand, olivine sand or mixtures thereof.
• the molding material preferably has a mean particle size of about 0.08 mm to 0.6 mm, in particular from 0.08 mm to 0.5 mm.
• further adjuvants can be added to the coated core or foundry sand according to the invention, such as flow aids, drying agents, flow improvers, improvers for the casting surface and / or release agents.
• the other auxiliaries are preferably selected from the group consisting of dry amorphous SiO 2 , aluminum oxides, iron oxides, talc, graphite and boron nitrides. The properties of the other adjuvants are as described above with respect to their addition to the waterglass coating.
• a total amount of additives (without water glass) of up to 4 wt .-%, in particular up to 3 wt .-%, based on the total weight of the core or foundry sand added.
• the molding sand according to the invention preferably does not comprise any organic additives or additives.
• the core or foundry sand according to the invention is preferably produced in a process comprising the following steps: a) a molding base material according to the invention is provided, b) an aqueous solution of waterglass and / or dry waterglass powder is added and c) the core or molding sand mixed, dried and singed.
• a mixer is preferably first filled with the basic molding material, which ensures the homogenization of the core or molding sand with the binder components and optionally the additives.
• the basic molding material preference is given to using wing mixers, oscillating mixers, intensive mixers, vortex mixers or vertical rolling gears.
• an aqueous solution of water glass and / or dry / solid water glass and optionally further additives may then be added.
• an aqueous solution preferably has a dynamic viscosity of up to 10 2 Pa * s.
• the term "aqueous solution” includes both liquid, viscous and pasty water glasses.
• a dry / solid water glass is added, it preferably has a dynamic viscosity of more than 10 2 Pa * s. It is also possible to add a mixture of different water glasses and / or a mixture of an aqueous solution of water glass and dry / solid water glass.
• the water glass used is an alkali silicate solution of the general composition xSiO 2 ⁇ yM 2 O ⁇ nH 2 O, wherein M is selected from Li + , K + or Na + and x: y preferably about 1: 1 to 4: 1, in particular about 2: 1 to 3.5: 1 (where the ratio x: y is also the modulus of the water glass, ie the SiO 2 : M 2 O ratio).
• the index n determines the amount of H 2 O in the solution.
• an aqueous solution of alkali silicate having a solid content of not more than about 60% by weight based on the entire solution is preferably used.
• an adhesion promoter may preferably be added in an amount of up to about 0.5% by weight, preferably about 0.1 to about 0.2% by weight, based on the weight of the masterbatch.
• the adhesion promoter is preferably an aqueous solution of sodium hydroxide solution, in particular about 10 to about 50%, particularly preferably a 30% sodium hydroxide solution.
• the adhesion promoter is added to the molding base material in step b) before the addition of the aqueous solution of water glass.
• the aqueous solution of water glass is then added to the addition of the adhesion promoter.
• a flow improver or casting surface improver is preferably added in amounts up to about 3% by weight, based on the weight of the masterbatch.
• Particularly preferred is first an aqueous suspension of amorphous SiO 2 , preferably in an amount up to about 3 wt .-%, in particular about 0.6 to about 1.0 wt .-%, based on the weight of the mold base material, and then preferred an aqueous suspension of amorphous SiO 2 and graphite, preferably in an amount of up to about 3 wt .-%, in particular about 0.6 to about 1.0 wt .-%, based on the weight of the molding base material, added thereto.
• the aqueous suspension is preferably about 10 to about 80%, in particular about 30 to about 60% pure.
• a flow improver and / or release agent is preferably added in an amount of up to about 1% by weight, in particular up to about 0.8% by weight, based on the weight of the molding base material Silicone oil and / or a silicone oil emulsion.
• step b) is carried out by first an adhesion promoter, preferably sodium hydroxide solution, then the binder, namely the optionally aqueous solution of waterglass, then a flow improver and / or improver for the casting surface, particularly preferably an aqueous suspension of amorphous SiO 2, and then amorphous SiO 2 and graphite are added, followed by the addition of a flow improver and / or release agent, particularly silicone oil or a silicone oil emulsion.
• an adhesion promoter preferably sodium hydroxide solution
• the binder namely the optionally aqueous solution of waterglass
• a flow improver and / or improver for the casting surface particularly preferably an aqueous suspension of amorphous SiO 2
• amorphous SiO 2 and graphite are added
• a flow improver and / or release agent particularly silicone oil or a silicone oil emulsion.
• dry / solid water glass or a mixture of aqueous and dry / solid water glass may already be added in step b), whereby in the case of addition of dry / solid water glass it is not necessary to dry the mixture.
• the mixing serves to produce as uniform a mixture as possible.
• step c) the core or molding sand is then dried.
• the friction energy introduced into the mixture by the mixer is preferably used.
• a wing mixer which has a rotational speed of 160 rpm and it is preferably mixed for one hour.
• the mixture is deprived of water.
• the water content of the water glass with which the molding base material is coated or mixed by mixing and dehydration is adjusted to a content in the range of ⁇ about 0.25 wt% to about 0.9 wt%.
• a core or molding sand is obtained, which is provided with a solid coating of water glass.
• the molding base material obtained by the process according to the invention is thus coated with waterglass, at the same time a free-flowing core or molding sand is obtained, which is also storage stable.
• the drying can be carried out with any device as long as it is ensured that the water content of the water glass coating of the molding base material is maintained.
• An external heating, hot air, radiant heating, vacuum, or negative pressure or a heating jacket can preferably also be used for this purpose.
• each adjuvant can be added to the core or molding sand, such as flow aids, desiccants, flow improvers, casting surface improvers, or release agents.
• each adjuvant will contain an amount of up to about 2% by weight, based on the weight of the masterbatch.
• At least one further additive selected from the group consisting of adhesion promoters, flow improvers, casting surface improvers and release agents may be added to the masterbatch before step c).
• at least one further adjuvant selected from the group consisting of flow aids, drying agents, flow improvers, casting surface improvers and release agents may preferably be added to the core or molding sand after step c).
• the core or molding sand thus obtained can then be screened for the deposition of agglomerates.
• the resulting core or foundry sand according to the invention can then be used directly to produce a core or a molded part.
• the core or foundry sand according to the invention can also be stored loose or packed and can be stored almost indefinitely because of its consistency.
• the core or foundry sand according to the invention can be prepared separately from a method for producing the molded part and stored, packaged or transported, which means a considerable work and time savings for the foundries and the manufacturer of core and moldings.
• the core and foundry sand according to the invention preferably does not comprise any organic additives or additives, so that no environmentally harmful substances are formed when it is used.
• the core or foundry sand according to the invention is then advantageously used in a method for producing a casting mold or a core or core molding for casting molten metal.
• a core or molding sand according to the invention is initially provided for the core production a) and b) a core tool or tool is filled with the core or molding sand according to the invention.
• the filling can eg be carried out by trickling, blowing and / or shooting with a carrier medium such as compressed air, hot air or steam. This can be done by means of a commercial core shooter or by suction and subsequent bubbles.
• the core or molding sand is then compressed in the core tool.
• the core or molding sand in the tool is brought into contact with at least one hardening agent, preferably water, water-containing liquids and / or chemical hardening agents such as CO 2 .
• at least one hardening agent preferably water, water-containing liquids and / or chemical hardening agents such as CO 2 .
• steam is used for this purpose.
• the water vapor is preferably introduced into the tool.
• the water vapor can be introduced into the molding material, for example, by means of a gassing plate via the injections and / or through the steam connection to the tool vents.
• a water vapor-air mixture is used, which preferably contains an amount of water to about 6 wt .-% based on the mold base, in particular 3-4 wt .-%.
• the pressure is preferably up to about 10 bar, in particular about 0.5 to about 1.5 bar.
• the core or molding sand according to the invention is thus brought into a core tool or molding tool, preferably by firing or pouring, and then preferably compacted.
• the compaction is preferably carried out by shaking and pressing.
• the core or molding sand in the tool is preferably brought into contact with an aqueous solution or water.
• steam is used for this purpose.
• the contacting with water, in particular water vapor can preferably be carried out during step b), for example, in a temporal relationship with the filling, in particular the firing of the core or foundry sand, or after its filling in a separate step c).
• the waterglass coating of the core or molding sand according to the invention is dissolved and softened.
• binder bridges form between the particles of the core or foundry sand.
• the core is solidified, in particular by removing the water or by chemical means.
• This can preferably be achieved by subsequently introducing energy into the core in the form of a heat transfer medium, such as in the form of hot air or a water vapor-air mixture which is passed through the core.
• the water may be removed by applying a vacuum to the tool. By removing the water, the water glass solidifies and it is a stable, solid molding obtained. It is thus a substantially physical process without the need for additional chemical reactions.
• CO 2 can be used as the hardening agent and the solidification is thus carried out essentially chemically.
• both methods for solidification can be carried out either simultaneously or also successively. After hardening or solidifying (drying) of the molding, the tool can be opened and the finished Fonnteil, eg. A core removed.
• the core within the core tool may only be preconsolidated, for example pre-dried, until the core has sufficient strength to be removed from the core tool. Thereafter, the preconsolidated core may be further solidified outside the core tool, in particular, the predried core may be finish dried in, for example, a microwave, an oven, or a drying chamber.
• the tool for forming the core or molding during all steps b) to c) to a temperature of from room temperature or about 20 ° C to about 200 ° C, more preferably about 70 ° C to about 160 ° C, heated in particular about 70 to about 120 ° C.
• the water immediately after filling and contacting the core or molding sand with water, the water can then be withdrawn, for example, by the tool being heated to said temperatures.
• the water may additionally or alternatively be withdrawn using hot air and / or warm carrier gas and / or by applying a negative pressure / vacuum.
• the duration of contact with water may be carried out, for example, for about 5 minutes to about 3 hours.
• the core or mold of the present invention preferably has a flexural strength of at least about 300 N / cm 2 , more preferably at least about 400 N / cm 2, and most preferably at least about 450 N / cm 2 .
• the flexural strength of the core is tested in accordance with the VDG leaflet P 72 "Binder Testing, Testing of Cold-curing, Resin-Bonded Wet Forming Materials with Hardening Additive" dated October 1999.
• Such a manufactured core according to the invention can then be used to produce a casting mold for casting molten metal.
• the inventive method and molding sand have the advantage that the molding sand according to the invention due to its flowability has a similar shooting behavior, such as the core or molding sand used in the croning process described above and thus reliably without additional steps in a mold or core tool can be introduced.
• the process of the invention can be carried out by purely physical steps for solidification of the molded part, wherein no environmentally harmful substances are formed become. This is advantageous because when pouring the liquid metal no elaborate extraction systems must be kept in the foundry and the employees are exposed to no hazardous gases such as phenolic compounds. The recycling and disposal of the used inorganic core or foundry sand are easily possible.
• the invention relates to a core tool or molding tool for producing a core molding or a casting mold.
• the core tool is equipped in accordance with conventional core tools suitable for making a casting mold, wherein at least one port suitable for introducing a curing agent such as water vapor or a chemical curing agent is provided.
• a curing agent such as water vapor or a chemical curing agent
• further openings may be provided in the core tool, from which the curing agent, such as the water vapor or chemical curing agent, may again escape.
• the core tool comprises a suitable mold for producing the desired core molding or mold and at least one connection for introducing or injecting the core and molding sand, and at least one connection for introducing a curing agent, such as water vapor or a chemical curing agent.
• the terminals may also be provided together in one terminal, i. a connector which is suitable both for injecting the core and molding sand and the curing agent, such as water and / or the chemical curing agent.
• the connection may also be a gassing plate, at the same time the injections and / or a separate steam connection to the tool vents.
• the core tool is preferably designed in two parts in order to simply remove the core blank or the casting mold after production.
• Bindergatt mich ⁇ Mold base material Quartz sand H32 1. bonding agent: 0.1% by weight NaOH 2. Binder: 3.0% by weight of water glass (modulus 2.5, 48% solids) 3. Flow improver / 0.8 wt .-% suspension of amorphous SiO 2 and improvers Water (50%) for the casting surface 4. Riesel sparkle 0.5% by weight of amorphous SiO 2
• Mixing unit Mixer Type: blade mixer Rotation speed: 160 U / min Mixing time: 1h
• the required heat energy was completely introduced by the resulting friction energy.
• the mixing time could be significantly reduced by the use of another mixing unit or external heat source or vacuum.
• the agglomerates were separated using a sieve with a mesh size of 1 mm.
• Example 1 A comparative measurement of the flowability of the molding sand produced in Example 1 with various other core and form sands is shown in Table 1: Comparative measurement with a pourability tester from the company Karg Industrietechnik: each 350g molding sand, spout ⁇ 15mm Table 1 molding sand Through amount Throughput time Quartz sand H32 (without binder) 350g 3.5s Croning (H32) 350g 3,3s Water glass-coated, dry H32 according to Example 1 350g 3,3s Cold box (H32) 8.2 g canceled after 5s AWB sand (H32) 6.1 g canceled after 5s Hot box (H32) 4.8g canceled after 5s furan 2.3g canceled after 5s As can be seen from the table, the core or foundry sand produced according to Example 1 has as good flowability as one produced by croning and is superior to the other conventional core sand.
• Tool parameters Core: Bending bar (2pcs) (Dimensions: 22.5mm x 22.5mm x 185mm) Mold temperature: 80 ° C Introduction of molding sand: pour Temperature water vapor-air mixture: > 105 ° C Pressure of the water vapor-air mixture: 1 bar Amount of water in the vapor-air mixture: 13ml duration: 30s
• Hot air temperature 160 ° C gassing pressure: 1 bar duration: 30s Average core weight: 137g
• the determination of the flowability was carried out at a sample amount of 350 g in a measuring funnel with an inner diameter at its upper, wide edge of 90 mm and funnel height of 95 mm in total and 32 mm in length and 15 mm in inner diameter of the outflow tube at room temperature of about 20 ° C measured.
• the water glass-coated molding material still has a water content or moisture content (based on the molding material weight) of 0.38% after the production process.
• the circulating core sand (thermally and mechanically loaded) only has a moisture content of 0.18%.
• test cores (test bars) were prepared from both molding material mixtures and the flexural strength was measured.
• the water glass-coated molding material of the present invention had an average bending strength of 481N / cm 2 , while the peripheral core sand was not capable of bonding and no cores could be produced therefrom.

Landscapes

• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
• Materials Engineering (AREA)
• Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
• Mold Materials And Core Materials (AREA)
• Molds, Cores, And Manufacturing Methods Thereof (AREA)

Priority Applications (8)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Publications (1)

Family

ID=39869511

Family Applications (2)

Family Applications After (1)

Country Status (7)

Cited By (9)

Families Citing this family (12)

Citations (12)

Family Cites Families (4)

• 2008
  • 2008-09-05 EP EP08015735A patent/EP2163328A1/de not_active Withdrawn
• 2009
  • 2009-08-25 WO PCT/EP2009/006153 patent/WO2010025861A1/de active Application Filing
  • 2009-08-25 EP EP09778098.5A patent/EP2323783B1/de active Active
  • 2009-08-25 CA CA2737334A patent/CA2737334C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
  • 2009-08-25 US US13/062,619 patent/US8627877B2/en active Active
  • 2009-08-25 KR KR1020117007468A patent/KR20110053259A/ko not_active Application Discontinuation
  • 2009-08-25 JP JP2011525445A patent/JP5418950B2/ja active Active
  • 2009-08-25 BR BRPI0918525A patent/BRPI0918525A2/pt not_active IP Right Cessation

Patent Citations (14)

Non-Patent Citations (2)

Also Published As

Similar Documents

Legal Events