EP2160710A1 - Dispositif électronique et procédé pour la transmission sans contact de données - Google Patents

Dispositif électronique et procédé pour la transmission sans contact de données

Info

Publication number
EP2160710A1
EP2160710A1 EP08763383A EP08763383A EP2160710A1 EP 2160710 A1 EP2160710 A1 EP 2160710A1 EP 08763383 A EP08763383 A EP 08763383A EP 08763383 A EP08763383 A EP 08763383A EP 2160710 A1 EP2160710 A1 EP 2160710A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
autotransformer
electronic device
antenna
data
smart card
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP08763383A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Rene Hirschmanner
Erich Merlin
Michael Gebhart
Stefan Birnstingl
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
NXP BV
Original Assignee
NXP BV
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by NXP BV filed Critical NXP BV
Priority to EP08763383A priority Critical patent/EP2160710A1/fr
Publication of EP2160710A1 publication Critical patent/EP2160710A1/fr
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06K—GRAPHICAL DATA READING; PRESENTATION OF DATA; RECORD CARRIERS; HANDLING RECORD CARRIERS
    • G06K19/00—Record carriers for use with machines and with at least a part designed to carry digital markings
    • G06K19/06—Record carriers for use with machines and with at least a part designed to carry digital markings characterised by the kind of the digital marking, e.g. shape, nature, code
    • G06K19/067—Record carriers with conductive marks, printed circuits or semiconductor circuit elements, e.g. credit or identity cards also with resonating or responding marks without active components
    • G06K19/07—Record carriers with conductive marks, printed circuits or semiconductor circuit elements, e.g. credit or identity cards also with resonating or responding marks without active components with integrated circuit chips
    • G06K19/0723—Record carriers with conductive marks, printed circuits or semiconductor circuit elements, e.g. credit or identity cards also with resonating or responding marks without active components with integrated circuit chips the record carrier comprising an arrangement for non-contact communication, e.g. wireless communication circuits on transponder cards, non-contact smart cards or RFIDs

Definitions

  • the invention relates to an electronic device, in particular a smart card. Beyond this, the invention relates a system for contactless transmission of data. Furthermore, the invention relates to the use of an autotransformer. Moreover, the invention relates to a method of contactless transmission of data.
  • So-called smart cards are used in many technical fields, like credit cards, or identification cards.
  • a smart card is defined as any pocket-sized card with embedded integrated circuits which can process information.
  • an antenna system is used for the communication between a contactless smart card and a reader.
  • Such an antenna system uses the idea of a coreless transformer to transfer energy and is used to transfer data. The flow of data is bidirectional. So the card has to modulate the field coming from the reader to transfer the data back to the reader.
  • Typical credit cards have a normalized size according ID-I of the ISO 7810 standard.
  • This ID-I refers to a given size of the credit card (smart card) and further corresponds to a given antenna size. In case smaller smart cards should be developed also the area available for the antenna is decreased possibly leading to a decreased modulation ability of the smart card.
  • an electronic device for contactless transmission of data comprises an autotransformer.
  • a system for contactless communication comprises an electronic device according to an exemplary embodiment and a reader unit, wherein the electronic device is adapted to modulate a communication signal transmitted by the reader unit.
  • the reader unit or reader device may be adapted to receive the communication signal modulated by the electronic device.
  • a use of an autotransformer in an electronic device for contactless transmission of data is provided.
  • a method of contactless transmission of data by an electronic device according to an exemplary embodiment is provided, wherein the method comprises sending communication data from a reader unit, and modulating the sent communication data by the electronic device.
  • the communication may be received by the electronic device before they are modulated and/or the modulated communication data may be sent back to the reader unit.
  • autotransformer may particularly denote a transformer comprising a single winding, having at least three connection points or taps.
  • the voltage source is applied to two taps and a load is connected to two taps one of which is usually a common connection that is also connected to the source.
  • Each tap corresponds to a different source or load voltage.
  • a portion of the same winding effectively acts as part of both the primary and secondary winding.
  • contactless transmission may particularly denote a transmission of a signal, or analog or digital data from a sending unit to a receiving unit, wherein the sending unit and the receiving unit are not directly connected by a connection line, e.g. either an electrically conductive line or a connection line adapted to transmit light.
  • a contactless transmission may be performed by an electromagnetic wave of any suitable frequency, e.g. a radio wave, a microwave, or a wave of infrared light.
  • an electronic device having an autotransformer included it may be possible to provide a device wherein the Eigenfrequency of the electronic device is determined by the inductivity of the whole winding but only a portion of the voltage induced into the electronic device, having an integrated circuit implemented, for example, may be useable by the electronic device.
  • This may lead to the fact that the modulation is increased, since typically the modulation depends on the voltage or power usable for the electronic device.
  • the amplitude of the modulation may be increased since the modulation is performed according to the lesser voltage of the autotrans former, while the transmission back to the sending or reader unit is performed according to the whole voltage.
  • an electronic device according to an embodiment may cancel the disadvantages of smaller magnetic loop antenna systems on the electronic device, i.e.
  • the autotransformer comprises at least three connection points, wherein one connection point forms an open end.
  • open end may particularly denote that one end or tap of the autotransformer is not connected to a further element of the integrated circuit. In particular, this may correspond to the fact that the open end is not connected to ground.
  • an autotransformer having an open end it may not be necessary to redesign existing hardware in order to ensure a sufficient load modulation even for a small electronic device, e.g. an electronic device smaller than the ID-I standard of the ISO 7180, e.g. a smart card having only half of the corresponding size. This may be ensured by just using the open turn antenna topology.
  • the electronic device is a contactless transponder.
  • the contactless transponder may be formed by a smart - A - card or an RFID tag or RFID label.
  • the contactless transponder may be a passive RFID tag or a passive smart card.
  • the autotransformer forms an antenna of the electronic device.
  • the antenna may be a loop antenna.
  • a passive electronic device e.g. a passive smart card
  • the autotransformer may be an efficient way to split the antenna in two parts, one "active part" which is conducted to both sides of an integrated circuit or electronic module of the electronic device.
  • the second part is a passive one. This passive part is connected on one side to the integrated circuit or chip module and open on the other side. These two parts may work as one Antenna. This may influence the communication between the electronic device, e.g.
  • the smart card, and a reader unit in such a way that only the active part of the antenna with reactions on both parts, i.e. of the whole antenna system, may to be handled With such an antenna topology only a part of the whole induced voltage may be used by the integrated circuit. This smaller voltage influences a stronger modulation of the integrated circuit. This modulation itself may operate not only an active part of the antenna, i.e. the portion the integrated circuit is connected to, but the whole antenna.
  • This use i.e. the use of the autotransformer in the reverse direction, may increase the load modulation, which may be equal the Sideband levels, a reader unit may detect on the card.
  • the autotransformer is adapted to provide a fixed transformation ratio.
  • transformation ratio may denote a ratio between a primary voltage and a secondary voltage, which may correspond to the number of windings of the primary side and the number of windings on the secondary side.
  • the ratio of secondary to primary voltages is equal to the ratio of the number of turns of the winding they connect to.
  • a fixed transformation ratio may mean that only three connection points are present and no switching between different voltages on the secondary side is possible.
  • the device further comprises an electronic circuit comprising a first contact terminal and a second contact terminal, wherein one connection point of the autotransformer is fixedly connected to the first contact terminal, and wherein another connection point of the autotransformer is fixedly connected to the second contact terminal.
  • a third contact point forms an open end, i.e. is not connected to any contact terminal.
  • fixedly connected may particularly denote the fact that the two parts are fixed to each other in a way the connection is not easily disconnected again, i.e. fixedly connected does not include a connection by a switching element or by a plug or clip.
  • the autotransformer is not switchable, has a fixed inductivity, and a fixed voltage ratio.
  • This may be a substantial difference to electronic devices like smart cards using a switchable antenna topology in order to change the Eigenfrequency or resonant frequency of the smart card.
  • Embodiments of the above described open turn antenna topology may be used for all applications concerning to ISO/IEC 14443 and MasterCard - standard that need smaller antenna systems than ID-I, e.g. payment solutions.
  • FIG. 1 schematically illustrates a system for contactless communication according to an exemplary embodiment.
  • Fig. 2 schematically illustrates a detail of a smart card using an autotransformer.
  • Fig. 3 schematically illustrates some Sideband levels for smart cards samples using an autotransformer.
  • Fig. 4 schematically illustrates some Sideband levels over fieldstrenght for some of the smart cards of Fig.3. DESCRIPTION OF EMBODIMENTS
  • Fig. 1 schematically shows a system for contactless communication 100 according to an exemplary embodiment.
  • the system 100 comprises a reader unit or reader 101 and a smart card 102, which may be a passive smart card like a credit card.
  • the reader unit 101 is only indicated by a reader antenna 113.
  • the smart card 102 comprises a card antenna 103, and an integrated circuit or chip module 104.
  • the card antenna 103 is formed by an autotransformer having exactly three connection points.
  • the card antenna has two parts, namely a passive part 110 which is formed by an open end 105, i.e. a first one of the connection points, and a second connection point 117, which is connected to the integrated circuit 104.
  • the card antenna 103 comprises an active part 108, which is formed by the second connection point 117 and a third connection point 119 which are both contacted to the integrated circuit 104.
  • an autotransformer as the card antenna only a part of the whole induced voltage is used for the chip, namely the voltage corresponding to the number of windings between the second connection point 117 and the third connection point 119.
  • the whole induced voltage PCD is divided between the two parts of the card antenna (active and passive) according to their respective windings.
  • the smaller voltage PICC induced into the active part 108 influences a stronger modulation of the integrated circuit.
  • This modulation itself operates not only the active part 108 of the card antenna, but the whole card antenna.
  • This use i.e. the use of the card antenna formed by an autotransformer in the reverse direction, may increase the load modulation, which may be equal the Sideband levels, the reader unit 101 may detect on the smart card 102.
  • Fig. 2 schematically illustrates a detail of the smart card 102 of Fig. 1 using an autotransformer as the card antenna 103.
  • the card antenna 103 is formed by a loop antenna having an open end 105.
  • the use of an open end may be advantageous since it may be possible to save a via or bridge, since no turns of the loop antenna have to be bridged.
  • the passive part 110 of the loop antenna is indicated by the area surrounded by the dashed line 211 and is formed between the open end 105 and the second connection point 117.
  • the active part 108 is indicated by the area between the pointed line 212 and the dashed line 211 and is formed between the second connection point 117 and the third connection point 119 both of which are fixedly connected to the integrated circuit 104, i.e.
  • the active part 108 comprises more than one full loop, so that a bridge 213 or a via is necessary. However, the active part 108 may be formed by less than a complete loop leading to the fact that no via or bridge is necessary to connect the second connection point 117 to the integrated circuit 104.
  • the number of active and passive turns may depend on the thickness of the used wires or printed lines, its accuracy of winding, e.g. gaps between the wires, and the area the wires enclose.
  • These parameters are also responsible for the resonance frequency of the smart card, which includes the card antenna or autotransformer and the integrated circuit connected thereto. In most cases the single wires are lying directly on each other, i.e. each turn is directly adjacent to the next turn, so that the single turns touch each other. This may be an important production matter, since this possibly influences the resonance frequency dramatically.
  • Fig. 3 schematically illustrates some Sideband levels for smart cards samples using an autotransformer.
  • Fig. 3a shows Sideband levels for ten antennas connected to a first type of smart cards, the so-called P5CD009, wherein the antennas having half the size of an typical antenna of an ID-I card.
  • the first nine antennas are different with respect to the winding ratio and further the tenth one is a common loop antenna, i.e. an antenna not formed by an autotransformer.
  • the first antenna 301 of which the result is shown in Fig. 3a has a winding ratio of 4 to 12, a size of 77 mm to 19 mm, and a wire diameter of 0.14 mm.
  • the winding ratio is defined by the number of winding or turns of the active part to the number of turns in the passive part.
  • the second antenna 302 of which the result is shown in Fig. 3 a has a winding ratio of 4 to 13, a size of 76 mm to 18 mm, and a wire diameter of 0.14 mm.
  • the third antenna 303 of which the result is shown in Fig. 3a has a winding ratio of 4 to 13, a size of 77 mm to 19 mm, and a wire diameter of 0.14 mm.
  • the fourth antenna 304 of which the result is shown in Fig. 3a has a winding ratio of 4 to 14, a size of 76 mm to 18 mm, and a wire diameter of 0.14 mm.
  • the fifth antenna 305 of which the result is shown in Fig. 3a has a winding ratio of 4 to 9, a size of 78 mm to 20 mm, and a wire diameter of 0.1 mm.
  • the sixth antenna 306 of which the result is shown in Fig. 3 a has a winding ratio of 4 to 10, a size of 77 mm to 19 mm, and a wire diameter of 0.1 mm.
  • the seventh antenna 307 of which the result is shown in Fig. 3a has a winding ratio of 4 to 11 , a size of 77 mm to 19 mm, and a wire diameter of 0.1 mm.
  • the ninth antenna 309 of which the result is shown in Fig. 3a has a winding ratio of 4 to 12, a size of 77 mm to 19 mm, and a wire diameter of 0.1 mm.
  • the tenth antenna 310 of which the result is shown in Fig. 3a is a common loop antenna.
  • Fig. 3a all nine antennas which are formed by an autotransformer result in a Sideband level above a threshold level of 5 mV, while the Sideband level corresponding to the common loop antenna 310 is below this threshold level.
  • Fig. 3b shows Sideband levels for eight antennas connected to a second type of smart cards, the so-called Desf ⁇ re 8, wherein the antennas having half the size of an typical antenna of an ID-I card.
  • the first seven antennas are different with respect to the winding ratio while the eight one is a common loop antenna, i.e. an antenna not formed by an autotransformer.
  • the first antenna 311 of which the result is shown in Fig. 3b has a winding ratio of 4 to 12, a size of 77 mm to 19 mm, and a wire diameter of 0.14 mm.
  • the winding ratio is defined by the number of winding or turns of the active part to the number of turns in the passive part.
  • the second antenna 312 of which the result is shown in Fig.
  • the third antenna 313 of which the result is shown in Fig. 3b has a winding ratio of 4 to 13, a size of 76 mm to 18 mm, and a wire diameter of 0.14 mm.
  • the third antenna 313 of which the result is shown in Fig. 3b has a winding ratio of 4 to 13, a size of
  • the fourth antenna 314 of which the result is shown in Fig. 3b has a winding ratio of 4 to 14, a size of 76 mm to 18 mm, and a wire diameter of 0.14 mm.
  • the fifth antenna 315 of which the result is shown in Fig. 3b has a winding ratio of 4 to 9, a size of 78 mm to 20 mm, and a wire diameter of 0.1 mm.
  • the sixth antenna 316 of which the result is shown in Fig. 3b has a winding ratio of 4 to 10, a size of
  • the seventh antenna 317 of which the result is shown in Fig. 3ba has a winding ratio of 4 to 11 , a size of 77 mm to 19 mm, and a wire diameter of 0.1 mm.
  • the eighth antenna 320 is a common loop antenna. As can be seen from Fig. 3b all seven antennas which are formed by an autotransformer results in a Sideband level above a threshold level of 5 mV, while the Sideband level corresponding to the common loop antenna 318 is below this threshold level.
  • Fig. 4 schematically illustrates some Sideband levels over fieldstrength for some of the smart cards of Fig.3a. Furthermore, a new ISO limit is indicated in Fig. 4 corresponding to ISO/IEC 14443 and test standard ISO/IEC 10373-6.
  • Fig. 4a shows the upper and lower Sideband levels for five antennas connected to the first type of smart cards of Fig. 3a, e.g. the first four smart cards as shown in Fig. 3a, and further the smart card connected to a common loop antenna.
  • the line 401 indicates the lower Sideband level (SBL) of the smart card corresponding to column 301 in Fig. 3a.
  • the line 402 indicates the upper SBL of the smart card corresponding to column 301 in Fig. 3a.
  • the line 403 indicates the lower SBL of the smart card corresponding to column 302 in Fig. 3a.
  • the line 404 indicates the upper SBL of the smart card corresponding to column 302 in Fig. 3 a.
  • the line 405 indicates the lower SBL of the smart card corresponding to column 303 in Fig. 3a.
  • the line 406 indicates the upper SBL of the smart card corresponding to column 303 in Fig. 3a.
  • the line 407 indicates the lower SBL of the smart card corresponding to column 304 in Fig. 3a.
  • the line 408 indicates the upper SBL of the smart card corresponding to column 304 in Fig. 3a.
  • the line 409 indicates the lower SBL of the smart card corresponding to column 310 in Fig. 3a, i.e. the common type loop antenna.
  • the line 410 indicates the upper SBL of the smart card corresponding to column 310 in Fig. 3a.
  • the line 430 corresponds to a new ISO limit
  • the smart cards using an antenna topology or an autotransformer topology according to an exemplary embodiment show a higher SBL over all tested filedstrengths compared to the smart card using a common type antenna topology.
  • the smart cards using an antenna topology according to an exemplary embodiment have a SBL higher than the new ISO limit.
  • Fig. 4b shows the upper and lower SBL for five antennas connected to the second type of smart cards of Fig. 3, e.g. the first four smart cards as shown in Fig. 3b, and further the smart card connected to a common loop antenna.
  • the line 411 indicates the lower SBL of the smart card corresponding to column 311 in Fig. 3b.
  • the line 412 indicates the upper SBL of the smart card corresponding to column 311 in Fig. 3b.
  • the line 413 indicates the lower SBL of the smart card corresponding to column 312 in Fig. 3b.
  • the line 414 indicates the upper SBL of the smart card corresponding to column 312 in Fig. 3b.
  • the line 415 indicates the lower SBL of the smart card corresponding to column 313 in Fig. 3b.
  • the line 416 indicates the upper SBL of the smart card corresponding to column 313 in Fig. 3b.
  • the line 417 indicates the lower SBL of the smart card corresponding to column 314 in Fig. 3b.
  • the line 418 indicates the upper SBL of the smart card corresponding to column 314 in Fig. 3b.
  • the line 419 indicates the lower SBL of the smart card corresponding to column 320 in Fig. 3b, i.e. the common type loop antenna.
  • the line 420 indicates the upper SBL of the smart card corresponding to column 320 in Fig. 3b.
  • the line 430 corresponds to the new ISO limit.
  • the smart cards using an antenna topology or an autotransformer topology according to an exemplary embodiment show a higher SBL over all tested fieldstrengths compared to the smart card using a common type antenna topology.
  • the smart cards using an antenna topology according to an exemplary embodiment have a SBL higher than the new ISO limit.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
  • Computer Hardware Design (AREA)
  • Microelectronics & Electronic Packaging (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Theoretical Computer Science (AREA)
  • Near-Field Transmission Systems (AREA)

Abstract

La présente invention concerne un dispositif électronique (102) pour la transmission sans contact de données comportant un autotransformateur (103). Par conséquent, seulement une partie d'une tension induite dans le dispositif électronique (102) peut être utilisée par un circuit intégré (104) du dispositif électronique (102) grâce à l'utilisation d'un autotransformateur (103). Cette tension plus faible entraîne une plus forte modulation du circuit intégré (104). Cette modulation elle-même peut faire fonctionner non seulement une partie active (108) de l'autotransformateur (103), c'est-à-dire la partie du circuit intégré (104), mais également la totalité de l'autotransformateur (103).
EP08763383A 2007-06-25 2008-06-19 Dispositif électronique et procédé pour la transmission sans contact de données Withdrawn EP2160710A1 (fr)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP08763383A EP2160710A1 (fr) 2007-06-25 2008-06-19 Dispositif électronique et procédé pour la transmission sans contact de données

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP07110993 2007-06-25
EP08763383A EP2160710A1 (fr) 2007-06-25 2008-06-19 Dispositif électronique et procédé pour la transmission sans contact de données
PCT/IB2008/052413 WO2009001251A1 (fr) 2007-06-25 2008-06-19 Dispositif électronique et procédé pour la transmission sans contact de données

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP2160710A1 true EP2160710A1 (fr) 2010-03-10

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Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP08763383A Withdrawn EP2160710A1 (fr) 2007-06-25 2008-06-19 Dispositif électronique et procédé pour la transmission sans contact de données

Country Status (3)

Country Link
EP (1) EP2160710A1 (fr)
CN (1) CN101689250A (fr)
WO (1) WO2009001251A1 (fr)

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2010033483A1 (fr) 2008-09-18 2010-03-25 Advanced Bionics, Llc Procédés et systèmes permettant de faire parvenir des informations de structure fine à un patient porteur d'un implant cochléaire

Family Cites Families (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPH03502032A (ja) * 1987-11-18 1991-05-09 ユニスキャン　リミテッド トランスポンダ
JP4739630B2 (ja) * 2000-01-17 2011-08-03 エヌエックスピー ビー ヴィ 制御可能なキャリア信号受信手段装置を有するデータキャリア
JP2004227046A (ja) * 2003-01-20 2004-08-12 Hitachi Ltd 携帯情報機器
JP2007088661A (ja) * 2005-09-21 2007-04-05 Sony Corp 情報処理装置およびループアンテナ

Non-Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
See references of WO2009001251A1 *

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
CN101689250A (zh) 2010-03-31
WO2009001251A1 (fr) 2008-12-31

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