EP2159870A1 - Signal branching for use in a communication system - Google Patents

Signal branching for use in a communication system Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2159870A1
EP2159870A1 EP09010892A EP09010892A EP2159870A1 EP 2159870 A1 EP2159870 A1 EP 2159870A1 EP 09010892 A EP09010892 A EP 09010892A EP 09010892 A EP09010892 A EP 09010892A EP 2159870 A1 EP2159870 A1 EP 2159870A1
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Prior art keywords
signal
waveguide
waveguides
common
transmission
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EP09010892A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP2159870B1 (en
Inventor
Enrico Reiche
Richard Roberts
Michael Dr. Schneider
Helmut Wolf
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Airbus Defence and Space GmbH
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Astrium GmbH
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01P—WAVEGUIDES; RESONATORS, LINES, OR OTHER DEVICES OF THE WAVEGUIDE TYPE
    • H01P1/00—Auxiliary devices
    • H01P1/16—Auxiliary devices for mode selection, e.g. mode suppression or mode promotion; for mode conversion
    • H01P1/161—Auxiliary devices for mode selection, e.g. mode suppression or mode promotion; for mode conversion sustaining two independent orthogonal modes, e.g. orthomode transducer
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01P—WAVEGUIDES; RESONATORS, LINES, OR OTHER DEVICES OF THE WAVEGUIDE TYPE
    • H01P5/00—Coupling devices of the waveguide type
    • H01P5/12—Coupling devices having more than two ports
    • H01P5/16—Conjugate devices, i.e. devices having at least one port decoupled from one other port
    • H01P5/19—Conjugate devices, i.e. devices having at least one port decoupled from one other port of the junction type

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a signal branch, in particular a turnstile branch, for use in a communication system, in particular in a reflector antenna for transmitting microwave signals.
  • the invention further relates to a method for processing a received signal fed into a signal branch.
  • beacon signal emitted by the remote station is used.
  • a directional diagram with a zero point in the main beam direction is required.
  • an additional signal is received, which can be used to correct the direction deviation.
  • the transmission, separation and evaluation of the beacon signal is in addition to the transmission of the actual communication signal.
  • the beacon signal must not influence the communication signal.
  • a reflector antenna for transmitting microwave signals typically comprises a signal branch, which has a common signal waveguide for transmitting a transmission signal and a reception signal.
  • the common signal waveguide comprises a first and a second end and an outer and an inner side. Connected to the first end of the common signal waveguide is a horn, via which a decoupling of the transmission signal and an injection of the transmission signal into the common signal waveguide takes place.
  • a plurality of signal waveguides for feeding the transmission signal and for coupling out the received signal is usually provided.
  • the Signal waveguides are for example arranged symmetrically distributed on the outside of the common signal waveguide and each communicatively connected to the common signal waveguide.
  • the signal branching has the task of processing a mode mixture of modes of the received signal such that a distinction is made between the actual communication signal and correction data for the communication signal.
  • the signal branch must correctly transmit a transmission signal fed into the plurality of signal waveguides for coupling out through the horn.
  • the US 6,714,165 B2 discloses an orthomode transducer (orthomode transducer OMT) having a circular coaxial waveguide delivery structure.
  • OMT orthomode transducer
  • the signal branch comprises a waveguide structure having an outer and an inner wall which form an outer and an inner waveguide chamber. These chambers are communicatively connected to the horn at one end of the signal branch.
  • the outer wall comprises a cylindrical portion and a conical portion, wherein the cylindrical portion and the inner wall are aligned coaxially with each other.
  • signal waveguides symmetrically disposed about the conical portion are formed in a receiving path, which are also communicatively coupled to the outer chamber through impedance matching diaphragms.
  • the invention proposes a signal branch, in particular a turnstile branch, for use in a communication system, in particular in a reflector antenna, for the transmission of microwave signals.
  • This comprises a common signal waveguide for transmitting a transmission signal and a reception signal comprising a first end and a second end and an outer and an inner side; the common signal waveguide is also referred to as a common port.
  • the signal branch further comprises a plurality of transmitting signal waveguides for feeding the transmission signal, wherein the transmitting signal waveguides are arranged symmetrically distributed on the outside of the common signal waveguide and each communicatively connected to the common signal waveguide.
  • the transmit signal waveguides are also referred to as transmit ports.
  • a plurality of receiving signal waveguides for transmitting the received signal is provided, wherein the receiving signal waveguides connect symmetrically to the second end of the common signal waveguide and each communicatively connected to the common signal waveguide.
  • the plurality of receive signal waveguides are also referred to as receive ports.
  • the signal branching according to the invention can be used in a reflector antenna used for transmitting and receiving purposes.
  • the signal branch makes it possible to generate the correction information necessary for the correction of the communication signal from the received signal.
  • the signal branching according to the invention makes the determination possible the directional deviation of the reflector antenna, in which the signal branch is integrated, with high accuracy. This is made possible by the fact that transmit and receive signal are separated.
  • the common signal waveguide and the receiving signal waveguide form a reception path which blocks a transmission signal fed into the transmission signal waveguide and which, in the case of a reception signal fed into the common signal waveguide, propagates a fundamental mode with a communication signal (TE11) and two higher modes (TM01, TE21) with correction information for the communication signal.
  • the two higher modes (TM01, TE21) are also referred to as tracking modes.
  • the correction information is also referred to as tracking information.
  • the signal branch according to the invention may in particular comprise a processing unit which is designed to process the correction information (so-called tracking) and to provide two independent differential signals. This makes it possible to perform the tracking method for any polarization. In particular, alignment errors due to depolarization in the atmosphere can thereby be avoided.
  • the processing unit is designed to form summation and difference signals during the processing of the correction information (tracking) and to provide them under the same conditions, in particular at the same temperature. This configuration makes it possible to avoid phase errors due to different temperatures in the RF paths.
  • a development provides that the processing unit is designed to make a provision of the sum and difference signals only after the separation of transmit and receive signal. As a result, disturbances of the transmission signal are avoided by a tracking mode coupler.
  • an arbitrary polarization can be set by selecting the amplitudes and phases of the transmission signal fed into the transmitting signal waveguide at the common signal waveguide.
  • a vertical, horizontal, circular left and right rotating or elliptical left and right rotating polarization can be generated.
  • a filter is provided in each of the transmission signal waveguides.
  • a cone extending in the direction of the first end is provided in a further embodiment in the common signal waveguide at the second end. This ensures a "deflection" of the fed into the transmit signal waveguide transmission signal, so that this can propagate in the common signal waveguide in the direction of the arranged at the first end of the signal waveguide horn.
  • the common signal waveguide can be designed as a circular waveguide or as a rectangular waveguide, in particular as a square waveguide.
  • the transmission signal waveguides have a rectangular cross section with a long and a short side edge.
  • the long side edges of each transmitting signal waveguide may extend parallel to an axial direction of the common signal waveguide.
  • the short side edges of each transmit signal waveguide may extend parallel to the axial direction of the common signal waveguide.
  • the receiving signal waveguides extend in the axial direction of the common signal waveguide.
  • the dimensions of the receiving signal waveguides are dimensioned such that at the transmission frequencies of the transmission signal no modes are propagatable in the receiving signal waveguides. This makes it possible to determine the already mentioned high accuracy in the correction of the directional deviation of the reflector antenna.
  • the signal branching is configured in such a way that the received signal fed into the common signal waveguide is divided equally between the received signal waveguides. That is, the communication signal and the two modes are equally divided among the receiving waveguides. The amplitudes in the receiving waveguides are the same, but each mode has its specific phase pattern.
  • a further embodiment provides that the signal branch is coupled to a network of 90 ° and 180 ° hybrid couplers for the decomposition and / or recombining of a mode mixture of the modes of the received signal.
  • the communication signal is separated from the tracking signals.
  • a tracking signal is generated, which receives the information about the amount and direction of the alignment deviation.
  • the signal branch represents a turnstile branching.
  • the invention further provides a method for processing a received signal fed into a signal branch formed according to the previous description, in which the received signal is divided into a basic mode having a communication signal (TE11) and two higher modes (TM01, TE21) with correction information for the communication signal becomes.
  • TE11 a communication signal
  • TM01, TE21 two higher modes
  • the inventive method has the same advantages as described above in connection with the signal branching according to the invention.
  • two independent difference signals are provided by the processing of the correction information, whereby the tracking method for arbitrary polarizations can be performed.
  • a further embodiment provides that summation and difference signals are formed during the processing of the correction information and these are provided under the same conditions, in particular at the same temperature. As a result, as already explained, phase errors due to different temperatures in the RF paths can be avoided.
  • a desired polarization in particular vertically, horizontally, left and right circularly turning left or right rotating or elliptical turning left and right.
  • FIGS. 1 to 3 show different embodiments of a signal branching according to the invention 1.
  • Fig. 1a . 2a and 3a is in each case a perspective view from the front, ie shown with a view of a common signal waveguide 2.
  • the Fig. 1b . 2 B and 3b show a perspective view from behind, ie with a view of a plurality of receiving signal waveguides 11, 12, 13, 14.
  • Die Fig. 1c . 2c and 3c each show a sectional view along the lines AA, BB and CC.
  • the Fig. 1d . 2d and 3d finally show a side view of the respective signal branch. 1
  • the signal branch 1 for use in a communication system, in particular for use in a reflector antenna, for the transmission of microwave signals comprises a common signal waveguide 2 for transmitting a transmission and a reception signal.
  • the common signal waveguide 2 comprises a first end 3 and a second end 4 and an outer and an inner side 5, 6.
  • At the first end 3 is a in the figures not shown Horn arranged the reflector antenna.
  • a plurality of transmitting signal waveguides 7, 8, 9, 10 for feeding the transmission signal is arranged symmetrically distributed on the outer side 6 of the common signal waveguide 2 at the second end 4.
  • the transmit signal waveguides 7, 8, 9, 10 are each communicatively connected to the common signal waveguide.
  • a plurality of receiving signal waveguides 11, 12, 13, 14 are provided.
  • the receive signal waveguides 11, 12, 13, 14 connect symmetrically to the second end 4 of the signal waveguide 2 and are each communicatively connected to the common signal waveguide.
  • Signal branching is also known as turnstile branching.
  • the common signal waveguide 2 is also referred to as the common gate of the turnstile branch.
  • the plurality of transmitting signal waveguides transmission gate and the plurality of receiving signal waveguides reception gate are also referred to as the common gate of the turnstile branch.
  • a cone 15 extending in the direction of the first end 3 is provided at the second end, which serves for signal guidance, in particular of the transmission signal fed into the transmission signal waveguides 7, 8, 9, 10.
  • a bottom of the cone 15 lies in the plane of the second end 4 of the common signal waveguide 2 (see the cross-sectional views of FIG Fig. 1c . 2c and 3c ).
  • From the second end 4 of the common signal waveguide 2 extends a cylindrical portion 18 so that it lies in a plane with the circular wall 19 of the receiving gate.
  • the cylindrical portion has in the embodiments of Fig. 1c and 3c a circular cross section. In the embodiment of Fig. 2c the cylindrical portion 18 has a square cross section.
  • the common signal waveguide 2 can optionally be used as a circular waveguide (as in the embodiments of the Fig. 1 and 3 shown) or as rectangular waveguide (vlg. Embodiment of Fig. 2 ). Also in the embodiment of the transmission signal waveguide 7, 8, 9, 10 and the Reception signal waveguide 11, 12, 13, 14 may be provided different geometric shapes.
  • the transmitting signal waveguides are provided with a rectangular cross-section.
  • the transmit signal waveguides 7, 8, 9, 10 have a long and a short side edge, with the short side edges of each of the transmit signal waveguides 7, 8, 9, 10 extending parallel to an axial direction 16 of the common signal waveguide.
  • the long side edges of each transmitting signal waveguide 7, 8, 9, 10 are aligned parallel to the axial direction 16 of the common signal waveguide 2.
  • the cross-sectional shape of the receiving door of the embodiments in the Fig. 1 and 3 corresponds to the cross-sectional shape of the common signal waveguide: in both embodiments, the shape of the receiving gate is circular.
  • the outer diameter of the receiving gate are approximately equal to the outer diameter of the common signal waveguide.
  • the wall thicknesses of the common signal waveguide 2 and the receiving ports of the embodiments according to the Fig. 1 and 3 roughly the same. As a result, this results in the shape of the respective receiving signal waveguide 11, 12, 13, 14 a circular arc-shaped form, which are separated by respective webs 20, 21, 22, 23 from each other. How on Fig. 2b On the other hand, the receiving signal waveguides 11, 12, 13, 14 of the second embodiment have a rectangular shape.
  • a transmit and a receive signal can be separated.
  • the reception path which is formed by the common signal waveguide 2 and the reception signal waveguides 11, 12, 13, 14, is such that frequencies of the transmission signal are blocked.
  • the propagation of reception frequencies of both a basic mode with communication signals (TE11) and two higher modes (TM01 and TE21) with the however, correction or tracking information necessary for the correction of the communication signal is made possible.
  • two independent differential signals are provided for the tracking, ie for the processing of the correction information. This ensures that the tracking process can be performed for any polarization and alignment errors due to depolarization in the atmosphere can be avoided.
  • the sum and difference signals required for tracking are decoupled under the same conditions.
  • a decoupling occurs at the same temperature.
  • phase errors are avoided by different temperatures in the high frequency (HF) -Pfaden.
  • the (tracking) signals are only decoupled after a separation of the transmitted and received signals. As a result, disturbances of the transmission signal can be avoided by the Trackingmodenkoppler.
  • the transmission signal via the four arranged laterally on the common signal waveguide transmitting signal waveguides 7, 8, 9, 10 is fed.
  • any polarization i. vertical, horizontal, circular left and right rotation, elliptical left and right rotation.
  • the transmission path comprising the common signal waveguide 2 and the transmission signal headers 7, 8, 9, 10, of the reception path filters (not shown) can be installed in the lateral transmitting signal waveguides 7, 8, 9, 10.
  • a mixture of the modes TE11 (communication) and TM01 and TE21 (tracking) is coupled into the common signal waveguide 2 of the turnstile branching by the horn provided at the first end of the common signal waveguide 2.
  • This mode mixture is forwarded within the turnstile branch to the rear leading signal waveguides 11, 12, 13, 14.
  • the dimensions of the rear four receiving signal waveguides 11, 12, 13, 14 are chosen so that no modes are capable of propagation at the frequencies of the transmission signal.
  • the Communication signal in the received signal and the two tracking modes (TM01 and TE21) are divided into the four receiving signal waveguides 11, 12, 13, 14.
  • the amplitudes in the four receiving signal waveguides 11, 12, 13, 14 are the same. However, each mode has its specific phase pattern.
  • Fig. 5 shows the phase patterns for the TE11 mode.
  • the phase pattern is shown on the common signal waveguide 2.
  • the phase pattern at the receiving signal waveguides 11, 12, 13, 14 is shown.
  • Fig. 6 shows the phase patterns on the common signal waveguide 2 (left figure) and on the receive signal waveguides 11, 12, 13, 14 (right figure) of the TM01 mode.
  • Fig. 7 the specific phase patterns for the TE21-mode, wherein in the left figure, the phase pattern on the common waveguide 2 and in the right figure, the phase pattern at the receiving waveguides 11, 12, 13, 14 is shown.
  • the signal branching it is possible, through a suitable network of 90 ° and 180 ° hybrid couplers (see. Fig. 4 ) to break the mode mixture into individual modes and, if necessary, to recombine.
  • the communication signal is separated from the tracking modes and on the other hand a tracking signal is generated which receives the information about the amount and direction of the alignment deviation. This allows a direct correction of the antenna alignment.
  • Fig. 4 shows a block diagram for the application of turnstile branching in a dual-circularly polarized dual-band feed system with simultaneous extraction of two tracking modes.
  • the reference numeral 17 designates the horn which is coupled to the turnstile branch 1.
  • the turnstile branch 1 is shown only schematically.
  • the block diagram shows the filters 51, 52, 53, 54 connected to the transmit signal waveguides 7, 8, 9, 10.
  • the output signal applied to the filters 51, 52, 53, 54 is in each case supplied to a 180 ° hybrid coupler 55 or 56, which has a summation and a summation Difference signal ( ⁇ , ⁇ ) forms.
  • the difference signals are fed to a 90 ° hybrid coupler 55, which outputs the signals TE11 RHC and TE11 LHC.
  • the signals received at the receive signal waveguides 11, 13 are fed to a 180 ° hybrid coupler 58.
  • the signals applied to the receive signal waveguides 12, 14 are fed to a 180 ° hybrid coupler 59.
  • the difference signals formed by the two hybrid couplers 58, 59 are supplied to a 90 ° hybrid coupler 60, which outputs communication signals TE11 RHC and TE11 LHC.
  • the sum signals ⁇ of the hybrid couplers 58, 59 are fed to a 180 ° hybrid coupler 61, which forms a sum signal ⁇ and a difference signal ⁇ .
  • the sum signal ⁇ represents the mode TM01, the difference signal ⁇ the mode TE21.
  • the turnstile branching according to the invention can be used both for linearly polarized and for circularly polarized signals.
  • Fig. 4 is outlined as an example of the application of a dual circularly polarized dual-band feed system.
  • the feed system can be used to illuminate a reflector. It can also be used as a direct radiating element.

Abstract

The signal junction (1) has a common signal waveguide (2) for transmitting a transmission signal and a received signal that includes two ends (3,4), an outer side (6) and an inner side (5). The signal transmission waveguides (7,8,9,10) are provided to feed the transmitted signal, where the signal transmission waveguides are symmetrically distributed on the outer side of the common signal transmission waveguide. An independent claim is included for a method for processing a signal junction received signal.

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft eine Signal-Verzweigung, insbesondere eine Turnstile-Verzweigung, zur Verwendung in einem Kommunikationssystem, insbesondere in einer Reflektorantenne zur Übertragung von Mikrowellensignalen. Die Erfindung betrifft weiter ein Verfahren zum Verarbeiten eines in eine Signal-Verzweigung eingespeisten Empfangssignals.The invention relates to a signal branch, in particular a turnstile branch, for use in a communication system, in particular in a reflector antenna for transmitting microwave signals. The invention further relates to a method for processing a received signal fed into a signal branch.

Große Reflektorantennen benötigen aufgrund ihrer sehr schmalen Strahlungscharakteristik eine sehr genaue Ausrichtung bezüglich eines Senders und/oder Empfängers, allgemein einer Gegenstelle. Zur Ausrichtung wird ein von der Gegenstelle abgestrahltes Bakensignal genutzt. Zur Auswertung des Bakensignals durch die Reflektorantenne bzw. eine mit der Reflektorantenne gekoppelten Auswertungseinheit wird ein Richtdiagramm mit einer Nullstelle in Hauptstrahlrichtung benötigt. Im Falle einer Abweichung des Bakensignals von der Hauptstrahlrichtung wird ein zusätzliches Signal empfangen, das zur Korrektur der Richtungsabweichung genutzt werden kann. Die Übertragung, Separierung und Auswertung des Bakensignals erfolgt zusätzlich zur Übertragung des eigentlichen Kommunikationssignals. Dabei darf das Bakensignal das Kommunikationssignal nicht beeinflussen.Large reflector antennas require a very precise alignment with respect to a transmitter and / or receiver, generally a remote site due to their very narrow radiation characteristics. For orientation, a beacon signal emitted by the remote station is used. To evaluate the beacon signal through the reflector antenna or an evaluation unit coupled to the reflector antenna, a directional diagram with a zero point in the main beam direction is required. In the case of a deviation of the beacon signal from the main beam direction, an additional signal is received, which can be used to correct the direction deviation. The transmission, separation and evaluation of the beacon signal is in addition to the transmission of the actual communication signal. The beacon signal must not influence the communication signal.

Eine Reflektorantenne zur Übertragung von Mikrowellensignalen umfasst typischerweise eine Signal-Verzweigung, welche einen gemeinsamen Signal-hohlleiter zur Übertragung eines Sendesignals und eines Empfangssignals aufweist. Der gemeinsame Signalhohlleiter umfasst ein erstes und ein zweites Ende sowie eine Außen- und eine Innenseite. Mit dem ersten Ende des gemeinsamen Signalhohlleiters ist ein Horn verbunden, über welches eine Auskopplung des Sendesignals aus und eine Einkopplung des Sendesignals in den gemeinsamen Signalhohlleiter erfolgt. Mit dem gemeinsamen Signalhohlleiter ist in der Regel eine Mehrzahl an Signalhohlleitern zur Einspeisung des Sendesignals und zur Auskopplung des Empfangssignals vorgesehen. Die Signalhohlleiter sind z.B. symmetrisch an der Außenseite des gemeinsamen Signalhohlleiters verteilt angeordnet und jeweils kommunikativ mit dem gemeinsamen Signalhohlleiter verbunden.A reflector antenna for transmitting microwave signals typically comprises a signal branch, which has a common signal waveguide for transmitting a transmission signal and a reception signal. The common signal waveguide comprises a first and a second end and an outer and an inner side. Connected to the first end of the common signal waveguide is a horn, via which a decoupling of the transmission signal and an injection of the transmission signal into the common signal waveguide takes place. With the common signal waveguide, a plurality of signal waveguides for feeding the transmission signal and for coupling out the received signal is usually provided. The Signal waveguides are for example arranged symmetrically distributed on the outside of the common signal waveguide and each communicatively connected to the common signal waveguide.

Die Signal-Verzweigung hat insbesondere die Aufgabe, ein Modengemisch von Moden des Empfangssignals derart aufzubereiten, dass eine Unterscheidung des eigentlichen Kommunikationssignals und von Korrekturdaten für das Kommunikationssignal erfolgt. Gleichzeitig muss die Signal-Verzweigung ein in die Mehrzahl an Signalhohlleitern eingespeistes Sendesignal korrekt zur Auskopplung durch das Horn übertragen. Der dabei bestehende Zielkonflikt, sowohl das Empfangssignal hinsichtlich seines Kommunikationssignals und der Korrekturinformationen korrekt aufzuteilen und das Sendesignal mit gewünschter Polarisation aus der Reflektorantenne auszukoppeln, ist dabei bislang nicht immer zufriedenstellend gelöst.In particular, the signal branching has the task of processing a mode mixture of modes of the received signal such that a distinction is made between the actual communication signal and correction data for the communication signal. At the same time, the signal branch must correctly transmit a transmission signal fed into the plurality of signal waveguides for coupling out through the horn. The thereby existing conflict of objectives, both correctly split the received signal in terms of its communication signal and the correction information and decouple the transmission signal with the desired polarization of the reflector antenna, is not always solved satisfactorily.

Die in P. J. B. Clarricoates und A. D. Olver, "Corrugated Horns for Microwave Antennas", Seite 54, gezeigte Signal-Verzweigung weist den Nachteil auf, dass keine Trennung von Sende- und Empfangssignalen möglich ist, so dass die Signal-Verzweigung nur für Empfangsantennen geeignet ist.The signal branching shown in PJB Clarricoates and AD Olver, "Corrugated Horns for Microwave Antennas", page 54 has the disadvantage that no separation of transmitted and received signals is possible, so that the signal branching is only suitable for receiving antennas ,

Die US 6,714,165 B2 offenbart einen Orthomode-Übertrager (Orthomode Transducer OMT) mit einer zirkularen koaxialen Wellenführungs-Zuführstruktur. Bei dieser Anordnung sind im Empfangspfad die für eine Korrektur des Kommunikationssignals notwendigen Korrekturinformationen, sog. Trackingmoden, nicht ausbreitungsfähig, so dass das Korrektursignal nicht gewonnen werden kann.The US 6,714,165 B2 discloses an orthomode transducer (orthomode transducer OMT) having a circular coaxial waveguide delivery structure. In this arrangement, the correction information necessary for a correction of the communication signal, so-called tracking modes, can not be propagated in the reception path, so that the correction signal can not be obtained.

Das gleiche Problem besteht bei der in der US 6,657,516 B1 offenbarten Signal-Verzweigung. Bei dieser Umfasst die Signal-Verzweigung eine Wellenführungsstruktur mit einer äußeren und einer inneren Wand, welche eine äußere und eine innere Wellenführungskammer ausbilden. Diese Kammern sind kommunikativ mit dem Horn an einem Ende der Signal-Verzweigung verbunden. Die äußere Wand umfasst einen zylindrischen Abschnitt und einen kegelförmigen Abschnitt, wobei der zylindrische Abschnitt und die innere Wand koaxial zueinander ausgerichtet sind. Ferner sind in einem Empfangspfad um den kegelförmigen Abschnitt herum symmetrisch angeordnete Signalhohlleiter ausgebildet, welche ebenfalls kommunikativ mit der äußeren Kammer durch Impedanz-Anpassungsblenden gekoppelt sind.The same problem exists in the US 6,657,516 B1 revealed signal branching. In this, the signal branch comprises a waveguide structure having an outer and an inner wall which form an outer and an inner waveguide chamber. These chambers are communicatively connected to the horn at one end of the signal branch. The outer wall comprises a cylindrical portion and a conical portion, wherein the cylindrical portion and the inner wall are aligned coaxially with each other. Further, signal waveguides symmetrically disposed about the conical portion are formed in a receiving path, which are also communicatively coupled to the outer chamber through impedance matching diaphragms.

Die Veröffentlichung Yodokawa, T. Hamada, S.: "An X-band single horn autotrack antenna feed system", Antennas and Propagation Society International Symposium, 1981, Juni 1981, Band 19, Seiten 86-89 , offenbart einen Multi-Mode-Koppler. Dieser nutzt die Moden TE11 und TM01, um eine Korrektur eines zirkular polarisierten Kommunikationssignals zu bewirken. Allerdings lässt sich mit dem in dieser Veröffentlichung beschriebenen Vorgehen lediglich ein "Tracking"-Mode TM01 verarbeiten. Unter dem Begriff "Tracking" versteht man die Verarbeitung von Korrekturinformationen zur Erhöhung der Genauigkeit des Kommunikationssignals. Darüber hinaus verschlechtern die Polarisationseffekte direkt als Fehler die bei der Ausrichtung der Reflektorantenne zu erreichende Ausrichtungsgenauigkeit. Damit ist das beschriebene Verfahren für Anwendungen mit hohen Anforderungen an die Genauigkeit nicht geeignet.The publication Yodokawa, T. Hamada, S .: "An X-band single horn autotrack antenna feed system", Antennas and Propagation Society International Symposium, 1981, June 1981, Volume 19, pp. 86-89 discloses a multi-mode coupler. This uses the modes TE11 and TM01 to effect a correction of a circularly polarized communication signal. However, with the procedure described in this paper, only a "tracking" mode TM01 can be processed. The term "tracking" refers to the processing of correction information to increase the accuracy of the communication signal. Moreover, the polarization effects directly deteriorate, as errors, the alignment accuracy to be achieved in the alignment of the reflector antenna. Thus, the method described is not suitable for applications with high accuracy requirements.

Das in der Veröffentlichung J. Bornemann and J. Uher, "Modal analysis and design of the dual-band orthomode junction", Proc. ANTEM 2002, Seiten 303-306, Montreal, Kanada, Juli/August 2002 , beschriebene Antennensystem weist den Nachteil auf, dass im Empfangspfad die benötigten Trackingmoden nicht ausbreitungsfähig sind. Damit ist es nicht möglich, ein Korrektursignal zu gewinnen. Die dort beschriebene Vorgehensweise ist damit nicht für eine Tracking-Anwendung geeignet.That in the publication J. Bornemann and J. Uher, "Modal analysis and design of the dual band orthomode junction", Proc. ANTEM 2002, pp. 303-306, Montreal, Canada, July / August 2002 , antenna system described has the disadvantage that in the receive path, the required tracking modes are not capable of propagation. Thus, it is not possible to obtain a correction signal. The procedure described there is therefore not suitable for a tracking application.

Es ist daher Aufgabe der vorliegenden Erfindung, eine Signal-Verzweigung zur Verwendung in einem Kommunikationssystem, insbesondere in einer Reflektorantenne, zur Übertragung von Mikrowellensignalen anzugeben, welche eine verbesserte Korrektur der Richtungsabweichung der Reflektorantenne erlaubt. Es ist ferner Aufgabe der vorliegenden Erfindung, ein Verfahren zum Verarbeiten eines in eine Signal-Verzweigung eingespeisten Empfangssignals anzugeben, welches eine verbesserte Genauigkeit zur Korrektur der Richtungsabweichung ermöglicht.It is therefore an object of the present invention to provide a signal branch for use in a communication system, in particular in a reflector antenna, for the transmission of microwave signals, which allows an improved correction of the directional deviation of the reflector antenna. It It is a further object of the present invention to specify a method for processing a received signal fed into a signal branch, which enables improved accuracy for correcting the direction deviation.

Diese Aufgaben werden durch die Merkmale der unabhängigen Patentansprüche gelöst. Vorteilhafte Ausgestaltungen der Erfindung ergeben sich jeweils aus den abhängigen Patentansprüchen.These objects are achieved by the features of the independent claims. Advantageous embodiments of the invention will become apparent from the dependent claims.

Die Erfindung schlägt eine Signal-Verzweigung, insbesondere eine Turnstile-Verzweigung, zur Verwendung in einem Kommunikationssystem, insbesondere in einer Reflektorantenne, zur Übertragung von Mikrowellensignalen vor. Diese umfasst einen gemeinsamen Signalhohlleiter zur Übertragung eines Sendesignals und eines Empfangssignals, der ein erstes Ende und ein zweites Ende sowie eine Außen- und eine Innenseite umfasst; der gemeinsame Signal-Hohlleiter wird auch als gemeinsames Tor bezeichnet. Die Signal-Verzweigung umfasst weiter eine Mehrzahl an Sende-Signalhohlleitern zur Einspeisung des Sendesignals, wobei die Sende-Signalhohlleiter symmetrisch an der Außenseite des gemeinsamen Signal-Hohlleiters verteilt angeordnet sind und jeweils kommunikativ mit dem gemeinsamen Signalhohlleiter verbunden sind. Die Sende-Signalhohlleiter werden auch als Sende-Tor bezeichnet. Ferner ist eine Mehrzahl an Empfangs-Signalhohlleitern zur Übertragung des Empfangssignals vorgesehen, wobei die Empfangs-Signalhohlleiter symmetrisch an das zweite Ende des gemeinsamen Signalhohlleiters anschließen und jeweils kommunikativ mit dem gemeinsamen Signalhohlleiter verbunden sind. Die Mehrzahl an Empfangs-Signalhohlleitern wird auch als Empfangs-Tor bezeichnet.The invention proposes a signal branch, in particular a turnstile branch, for use in a communication system, in particular in a reflector antenna, for the transmission of microwave signals. This comprises a common signal waveguide for transmitting a transmission signal and a reception signal comprising a first end and a second end and an outer and an inner side; the common signal waveguide is also referred to as a common port. The signal branch further comprises a plurality of transmitting signal waveguides for feeding the transmission signal, wherein the transmitting signal waveguides are arranged symmetrically distributed on the outside of the common signal waveguide and each communicatively connected to the common signal waveguide. The transmit signal waveguides are also referred to as transmit ports. Further, a plurality of receiving signal waveguides for transmitting the received signal is provided, wherein the receiving signal waveguides connect symmetrically to the second end of the common signal waveguide and each communicatively connected to the common signal waveguide. The plurality of receive signal waveguides are also referred to as receive ports.

Die erfindungsgemäße Signal-Verzweigung kann in einer für Sende- und Empfangszwecke genutzten Reflektorantenne eingesetzt werden. Dabei ermöglicht es die Signal-Verzweigung, die für die Korrektur des Kommunikationssignals notwendigen Korrekturinformationen aus dem Empfangssignal zu erzeugen. Hierdurch ermöglicht die erfindungsgemäße Signal-Verzweigung die Bestimmung der Richtungsabweichung der Reflektorantenne, in welcher die Signal-Verzweigung integriert ist, mit hoher Genauigkeit. Ermöglicht wird dies dadurch, dass Sende- und Empfangssignal getrennt werden.The signal branching according to the invention can be used in a reflector antenna used for transmitting and receiving purposes. In this case, the signal branch makes it possible to generate the correction information necessary for the correction of the communication signal from the received signal. As a result, the signal branching according to the invention makes the determination possible the directional deviation of the reflector antenna, in which the signal branch is integrated, with high accuracy. This is made possible by the fact that transmit and receive signal are separated.

Insbesondere bilden der gemeinsame Signalhohlleiter und die Empfangs-Signalhohlleiter einen Empfangspfad aus, welcher ein in die Sende-Signal-hohlleiter eingespeistes Sendesignal blockiert und welcher bei einem in den gemeinsamen Signalhohlleiter eingespeisten Empfangssignal die Ausbreitung eines Grundmode mit einem Kommunikationssignal (TE11) und zweier höherer Moden (TM01, TE21) mit Korrekturinformationen für das Kommunikationssignal erlaubt. Die zwei höheren Moden (TM01, TE21) werden auch als Trackingmoden bezeichnet. Die Korrekturinformationen werden auch als Trackinginformationen bezeichnet.In particular, the common signal waveguide and the receiving signal waveguide form a reception path which blocks a transmission signal fed into the transmission signal waveguide and which, in the case of a reception signal fed into the common signal waveguide, propagates a fundamental mode with a communication signal (TE11) and two higher modes (TM01, TE21) with correction information for the communication signal. The two higher modes (TM01, TE21) are also referred to as tracking modes. The correction information is also referred to as tracking information.

Die erfindungsgemäße Signal-Verzweigung kann insbesondere eine Verarbeitungseinheit umfassen, welche dazu ausgebildet ist, die Korrekturinformationen zu verarbeiten (sog. Tracking) und zwei unabhängige Differenzsignale bereitzustellen. Hierdurch ist es möglich, das Trackingverfahren für beliebige Polarisationen durchzuführen. Insbesondere können dadurch Ausrichtungsfehler in Folge einer Depolarisation in der Atmosphäre vermieden werden.The signal branch according to the invention may in particular comprise a processing unit which is designed to process the correction information (so-called tracking) and to provide two independent differential signals. This makes it possible to perform the tracking method for any polarization. In particular, alignment errors due to depolarization in the atmosphere can thereby be avoided.

Ferner ist die Verarbeitungseinheit dazu ausgebildet, bei der Verarbeitung der Korrekturinformationen (dem Tracking) Summen- und Differenzsignale zu bilden und diese unter gleichen Bedingungen, insbesondere bei gleicher Temperatur, bereitzustellen. Diese Ausgestaltung ermöglicht es, Phasenfehler durch unterschiedliche Temperaturen in den HF-Pfaden zu vermeiden.Furthermore, the processing unit is designed to form summation and difference signals during the processing of the correction information (tracking) and to provide them under the same conditions, in particular at the same temperature. This configuration makes it possible to avoid phase errors due to different temperatures in the RF paths.

Eine Weiterbildung sieht vor, dass die Verarbeitungseinheit dazu ausgebildet ist, eine Bereitstellung der Summen- und Differenzsignale erst nach der Trennung von Sende- und Empfangssignal vorzunehmen. Hierdurch werden Störungen des Sendesignals durch einen Trackingmodenkoppler vermieden.A development provides that the processing unit is designed to make a provision of the sum and difference signals only after the separation of transmit and receive signal. As a result, disturbances of the transmission signal are avoided by a tracking mode coupler.

Gemäß einer weiteren Ausbildung ist durch Wahl der Amplituden und Phasen des in die Sende-Signalhohlleiter eingespeisten Sendesignals an dem gemeinsamen Signalhohlleiter eine beliebige Polarisation einstellbar. Insbesondere kann eine vertikale, horizontale, zirkular links und rechts drehende oder elliptisch links und rechts drehende Polarisation erzeugt werden.According to a further embodiment, an arbitrary polarization can be set by selecting the amplitudes and phases of the transmission signal fed into the transmitting signal waveguide at the common signal waveguide. In particular, a vertical, horizontal, circular left and right rotating or elliptical left and right rotating polarization can be generated.

Zur besseren Entkopplung des Sendepfads von dem Empfangspfad ist in den Sende-Signalhohlleitern jeweils ein Filter vorgesehen.For better decoupling of the transmission paths from the reception path, a filter is provided in each of the transmission signal waveguides.

Zur Signalführung ist in einer weiteren Ausbildung in dem gemeinsamen Signalhohlleiter an dem zweiten Ende ein in Richtung des ersten Endes sich erstreckender Kegel vorgesehen. Dieser sorgt für eine "Umlenkung" des in die Sende-Signalhohlleiter eingespeisten Sendesignals, so dass sich dieses in dem gemeinsamen Signalhohlleiter in Richtung des am ersten Ende des Signal-Hohlleiters angeordneten Horns ausbreiten kann.For signal guidance, a cone extending in the direction of the first end is provided in a further embodiment in the common signal waveguide at the second end. This ensures a "deflection" of the fed into the transmit signal waveguide transmission signal, so that this can propagate in the common signal waveguide in the direction of the arranged at the first end of the signal waveguide horn.

Der gemeinsame Signalhohlleiter kann als Rundhohlleiter oder als Rechteckhohlleiter, insbesondere als Quadrathohlleiter ausgebildet sein. In einer konkreten Ausgestaltung weisen die Sende-Signalhohlleiter einen rechteckförmigen Querschnitt mit einer langen und einer kurzen Seitenkante auf. Hierbei können in einer ersten Variante sich die langen Seitenkanten eines jeden Sende-Signalhohlleiters parallel zu einer Axialrichtung des gemeinsamen Signalhohlleiters erstrecken. In einer zweiten Variante können sich die kurzen Seitenkanten eines jeden Sende-Signalhohlleiters parallel zu der Axialrichtung des gemeinsamen Signal-Hohlleiters erstrecken. Im Gegensatz dazu erstrecken sich die Empfangs-Signalhohlleiter in axialer Richtung des gemeinsamen Signalhohlleiters.The common signal waveguide can be designed as a circular waveguide or as a rectangular waveguide, in particular as a square waveguide. In a specific embodiment, the transmission signal waveguides have a rectangular cross section with a long and a short side edge. In this case, in a first variant, the long side edges of each transmitting signal waveguide may extend parallel to an axial direction of the common signal waveguide. In a second variant, the short side edges of each transmit signal waveguide may extend parallel to the axial direction of the common signal waveguide. In contrast, the receiving signal waveguides extend in the axial direction of the common signal waveguide.

Die Abmessungen der Empfangs-Signalhohlleiter sind derart bemessen, dass bei den Sendefrequenzen des Sendesignals keine Moden in den Empfangs-Signalhohlleitern ausbreitungsfähig sind. Hierdurch lässt sich die eingangs bereits erwähnte hohe Genauigkeit bei der Korrektur der Richtungsabweichung der Reflektorantenne ermitteln.The dimensions of the receiving signal waveguides are dimensioned such that at the transmission frequencies of the transmission signal no modes are propagatable in the receiving signal waveguides. This makes it possible to determine the already mentioned high accuracy in the correction of the directional deviation of the reflector antenna.

Die Signal-Verzweigung ist gemäß einer weiteren Ausgestaltung derart ausgestaltet, dass das in den gemeinsamen Signalhohlleiter eingespeiste Empfangssignal gleichmäßig auf die Empfangs-Signalhohlleiter aufgeteilt ist. Dies bedeutet, das Kommunikationssignal und die zwei Moden werden gleichmäßig auf die Empfangs-Hohlleiter aufgeteilt. Dabei sind die Amplituden in den Empfangs-Hohlleitern gleich, jedoch hat jeder Mode sein spezifisches Phasenmuster.According to another embodiment, the signal branching is configured in such a way that the received signal fed into the common signal waveguide is divided equally between the received signal waveguides. That is, the communication signal and the two modes are equally divided among the receiving waveguides. The amplitudes in the receiving waveguides are the same, but each mode has its specific phase pattern.

Eine weitere Ausgestaltung sieht vor, dass die Signal-Verzweigung mit einem Netzwerk aus 90°- und 180°-Hybridkopplern zur Zerlegung und/oder Neukombination eines Modengemischs der Moden des Empfangssignals gekoppelt ist. Auf diese Weise wird zum einen das Kommunikationssignal von den Trackingsignalen getrennt. Zum anderen wird ein Trackingsignal erzeugt, das die Informationen über Betrag und Richtung der Ausrichtungsabweichung erhält.A further embodiment provides that the signal branch is coupled to a network of 90 ° and 180 ° hybrid couplers for the decomposition and / or recombining of a mode mixture of the modes of the received signal. In this way, on the one hand, the communication signal is separated from the tracking signals. On the other hand, a tracking signal is generated, which receives the information about the amount and direction of the alignment deviation.

In einer konkreten Ausgestaltung stellt die Signal-Verzweigung eine Turnstile-Verzweigung dar.In a specific embodiment, the signal branch represents a turnstile branching.

Die Erfindung schafft weiter ein Verfahren zum Verarbeiten eines in eine gemäß der vorherigen Beschreibung ausgebildete Signal-Verzweigung eingespeisten Empfangssignals, bei dem das Empfangssignal in einen Grundmode mit einem Kommunikationssignal (TE11) und zweier höherer Moden (TM01, TE21) mit Korrekturinformationen für das Kommunikationssignal aufgeteilt wird.The invention further provides a method for processing a received signal fed into a signal branch formed according to the previous description, in which the received signal is divided into a basic mode having a communication signal (TE11) and two higher modes (TM01, TE21) with correction information for the communication signal becomes.

Das erfindungsgemäße Verfahren weist die gleichen Vorteile auf, wie sie vorstehend in Verbindung mit der erfindungsgemäßen Signal-Verzweigung beschrieben wurden.The inventive method has the same advantages as described above in connection with the signal branching according to the invention.

In einer Weiterbildung des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens werden durch die Verarbeitung der Korrekturinformationen zwei unabhängige Differenzsignale bereitgestellt, wodurch das Trackingverfahren für beliebige Polarisationen durchgeführt werden kann.In a development of the method according to the invention, two independent difference signals are provided by the processing of the correction information, whereby the tracking method for arbitrary polarizations can be performed.

Eine weitere Ausgestaltung sieht vor, dass bei der Verarbeitung der Korrekturinformationen Summen- und Differenzsignale gebildet werden und diese unter gleichen Bedingungen, insbesondere bei gleicher Temperatur, bereitgestellt werden. Hierdurch können, wie bereits erläutert, Phasenfehler durch unterschiedliche Temperaturen in den HF-Pfaden vermieden werden.A further embodiment provides that summation and difference signals are formed during the processing of the correction information and these are provided under the same conditions, in particular at the same temperature. As a result, as already explained, phase errors due to different temperatures in the RF paths can be avoided.

Es ist ferner vorgesehen, dass eine Bereitstellung der Summen- und Differenzsignale erst nach der Trennung von Sende- und Empfangssignal erfolgt.It is further provided that a provision of the sum and difference signals takes place only after the separation of transmit and receive signal.

Durch Wahl der Amplituden und Phasen des in die Sende-Signalhohlleiter eingespeisten Sendesignals wird an dem gemeinsamen Signalhohlleiter gemäß einer weiteren Ausgestaltung eine gewünschte Polarisation, insbesondere vertikal, horizontal, zirkular links und rechts drehend oder elliptisch links und rechts drehend, eingestellt.By selecting the amplitudes and phases of the fed into the transmitting signal waveguide transmission signal is at the common signal waveguide according to a further embodiment, a desired polarization, in particular vertically, horizontally, left and right circularly turning left or right rotating or elliptical turning left and right.

Die Erfindung wird nachfolgend näher unter Bezugnahme auf die in den Zeichnungen erläuterten Ausführungsbeispiele erläutert. Es zeigen:

Fig. 1a bis 1d
ein erstes Ausführungsbeispiel einer erfindungsgemäßen Signal-Verzweigung in zwei perspektivischen Darstellungen von oben und unten, in einem Querschnitt und in einer Seitenansicht,
Fig. 2a bis 2d
ein zweites Ausführungsbeispiel einer erfindungsgemäßen Signal-Verzweigung in zwei perspektivischen Darstellungen von oben und unten, in einem Querschnitt und in einer Seitenansicht,
Fig. 3a bis 3d
ein drittes Ausführungsbeispiel einer erfindungsgemäßen Signal-Verzweigung in zwei perspektivischen Darstellungen von oben und unten, in einem Querschnitt und in einer Seitenansicht,
Fig. 4
ein Blockschaltbild für die Anwendung der erfindungsgemäßen Signal-Verzweigung in einem dual-zirkular polarisierten Dual-Band-Speisesystem mit gleichzeitiger Auskopplung zweier Trackingmoden,
Fig. 5
den TE11-Mode an einem gemeinsamen Tor und an einem Empfangs-Tor der Signal-Verzweigung,
Fig. 6
den TM01-Mode an dem gemeinsamen Tor und an dem Empfangs-Tor der Signal-Verzweigung, und
Fig. 7
den TE21-Mode an dem gemeinsamen Tor und an dem Empfangs-Tor der Signal-Verzweigung.
The invention will be explained in more detail below with reference to the embodiments explained in the drawings. Show it:
Fig. 1a to 1d
A first embodiment of a signal branch according to the invention in two perspective views of the top and bottom, in a cross section and in a side view,
Fig. 2a to 2d
A second embodiment of a signal branch according to the invention in two perspective views of the top and bottom, in a cross section and in a side view,
Fig. 3a to 3d
A third embodiment of a signal branch according to the invention in two perspective views from above and below, in a cross section and in a side view,
Fig. 4
a block diagram for the application of the signal branching according to the invention in a dual-circularly polarized dual-band feed system with simultaneous extraction of two tracking modes,
Fig. 5
the TE11 mode at a common gate and at a receive gate of the signal branch,
Fig. 6
the TM01 mode at the common gate and at the receive gate of the signal branch, and
Fig. 7
the TE21 mode at the common gate and at the receive gate of the signal branch.

Die Figuren 1 bis 3 zeigen unterschiedliche Ausführungsbeispiele einer erfindungsgemäßen Signal-Verzweigung 1. In den Fig. 1a, 2a und 3a ist jeweils eine perspektivische Ansicht von vorne, d.h. mit Sicht auf einen gemeinsamen Signalhohlleiter 2 dargestellt. Die Fig. 1b, 2b und 3b zeigen eine perspektivische Darstellung von hinten, d.h. mit Sicht auf eine Mehrzahl an Empfangs-Signalhohlleitern 11, 12, 13, 14. Die Fig. 1c, 2c und 3c zeigen jeweils eine Schnittdarstellung längs der Linien A-A, B-B und C-C. Die Fig. 1d, 2d und 3d zeigen schließlich eine Seitenansicht der jeweiligen Signalverzweigung 1.The FIGS. 1 to 3 show different embodiments of a signal branching according to the invention 1. In the Fig. 1a . 2a and 3a is in each case a perspective view from the front, ie shown with a view of a common signal waveguide 2. The Fig. 1b . 2 B and 3b show a perspective view from behind, ie with a view of a plurality of receiving signal waveguides 11, 12, 13, 14. Die Fig. 1c . 2c and 3c each show a sectional view along the lines AA, BB and CC. The Fig. 1d . 2d and 3d finally show a side view of the respective signal branch. 1

Die erfindungsgemäße Signal-Verzweigung 1 zur Verwendung in einem Kommunikationssystem, insbesondere zur Verwendung bei einer Reflektorantenne, zur Übertragung von Mikrowellensignalen umfasst einen gemeinsamen Signalhohlleiter 2 zur Übertragung eines Sende- und eines Empfangssignals. Der gemeinsame Signal-Hohlleiter 2 umfasst ein erstes Ende 3 und ein zweites Ende 4 sowie eine Außen- und eine Innenseite 5, 6. An dem ersten Ende 3 ist ein in den Figuren nicht dargestelltes Horn der Reflektorantenne angeordnet. Eine Mehrzahl an Sende-Signalhohlleitern 7, 8, 9, 10 zur Einspeisung des Sendesignals ist symmetrisch an der Außenseite 6 des gemeinsamen Signalhohlleiters 2 am zweiten Ende 4 verteilt angeordnet. Die Sende-Signalhohlleiter 7, 8, 9, 10 sind jeweils kommunikativ mit dem gemeinsamen Signalhohlleiter verbunden. Zur Übertragung des Empfangssignals ist eine Mehrzahl an Empfangs-Signalhohlleitern 11, 12, 13, 14 vorgesehen. Die Empfangs-Signalhohlleiter 11, 12, 13, 14 schließen symmetrisch an das zweite Ende 4 des Signalhohlleiters 2 an und sind jeweils kommunikativ mit dem gemeinsamen Signalhohlleiter verbunden. Die Signal-Verzweigung ist auch unter dem Namen Turnstile-Verzweigung bekannt. Der gemeinsame Signalhohlleiter 2 wird auch als gemeinsames Tor der Turnstile-Verzweigung bezeichnet. In entsprechender Weise nennt man die Mehrzahl an Sende-Signalhohlleitern Sende-Tor und die Mehrzahl an Empfangs-Signalhohlleitern Empfangs-Tor.The signal branch 1 according to the invention for use in a communication system, in particular for use in a reflector antenna, for the transmission of microwave signals comprises a common signal waveguide 2 for transmitting a transmission and a reception signal. The common signal waveguide 2 comprises a first end 3 and a second end 4 and an outer and an inner side 5, 6. At the first end 3 is a in the figures not shown Horn arranged the reflector antenna. A plurality of transmitting signal waveguides 7, 8, 9, 10 for feeding the transmission signal is arranged symmetrically distributed on the outer side 6 of the common signal waveguide 2 at the second end 4. The transmit signal waveguides 7, 8, 9, 10 are each communicatively connected to the common signal waveguide. To transmit the received signal, a plurality of receiving signal waveguides 11, 12, 13, 14 are provided. The receive signal waveguides 11, 12, 13, 14 connect symmetrically to the second end 4 of the signal waveguide 2 and are each communicatively connected to the common signal waveguide. Signal branching is also known as turnstile branching. The common signal waveguide 2 is also referred to as the common gate of the turnstile branch. Similarly, the plurality of transmitting signal waveguides transmission gate and the plurality of receiving signal waveguides reception gate.

Im Inneren des gemeinsamen Signalhohlleiters 2 ist an dem zweiten Ende ein in Richtung des ersten Endes 3 sich erstreckender Kegel 15 vorgesehen, welcher zur Signalführung, insbesondere des in die Sende-Signalhohlleiter 7, 8, 9, 10 eingespeisten Sendesignals dient. Ein Boden des Kegels 15 liegt in der Ebene des zweiten Endes 4 des gemeinsamen Signalhohlleiters 2 (vgl. die Querschnittsdarstellungen der Fig. 1c, 2c und 3c). Von dem zweiten Ende 4 des gemeinsamen Signalhohlleiters 2 erstreckt sich ein zylinderförmiger Abschnitt 18, so dass dieser in einer Ebene mit der kreisförmig ausgebildeten Wandung 19 des Empfangs-Tors liegt. Der zylinderförmige Abschnitt weist in den Ausführungsbeispielen der Fig. 1c und 3c einen kreisförmigen Querschnitt auf. Im Ausführungsbeispiel der Fig. 2c weist der zylinderförmige Abschnitt 18 einen quadratischen Querschnitt auf.In the interior of the common signal waveguide 2, a cone 15 extending in the direction of the first end 3 is provided at the second end, which serves for signal guidance, in particular of the transmission signal fed into the transmission signal waveguides 7, 8, 9, 10. A bottom of the cone 15 lies in the plane of the second end 4 of the common signal waveguide 2 (see the cross-sectional views of FIG Fig. 1c . 2c and 3c ). From the second end 4 of the common signal waveguide 2 extends a cylindrical portion 18 so that it lies in a plane with the circular wall 19 of the receiving gate. The cylindrical portion has in the embodiments of Fig. 1c and 3c a circular cross section. In the embodiment of Fig. 2c the cylindrical portion 18 has a square cross section.

Der gemeinsame Signalhohlleiter 2 (gemeinsames Tor) kann wahlweise als Rundhohlleiter (wie in den Ausführungsbeispielen der Fig. 1 und 3 gezeigt) oder als Rechteckhohlleiter (vlg. Ausführungsbeispiel der Fig. 2) ausgeführt werden. Auch bei der Ausgestaltung der Sende-Signalhohlleiter 7, 8, 9, 10 bzw. der Empfangs-Signalhohlleiter 11, 12, 13, 14 können unterschiedliche geometrische Gestalten vorgesehen sein.The common signal waveguide 2 (common gate) can optionally be used as a circular waveguide (as in the embodiments of the Fig. 1 and 3 shown) or as rectangular waveguide (vlg. Embodiment of Fig. 2 ). Also in the embodiment of the transmission signal waveguide 7, 8, 9, 10 and the Reception signal waveguide 11, 12, 13, 14 may be provided different geometric shapes.

Im Ausführungsbeispiel der Fig. 1 sind die Sende-Signalhohlleiter mit einem rechteckförmigen Querschnitt versehen. Die Sende-Signalhohlleiter 7, 8, 9, 10 weisen eine lange und eine kurze Seitenkante auf, wobei die kurzen Seitenkanten eines jeden der Sende-Signalhohlleiter 7, 8, 9, 10 sich parallel zu einer Axialrichtung 16 des gemeinsamen Signalhohlleiters erstrecken. Im Gegensatz dazu sind im Ausführungsbeispiel der Fig. 3 die langen Seitenkanten eines jeden Sende-Signalhohlleiters 7, 8, 9, 10 parallel zu der Axialrichtung 16 des gemeinsamen Signalhohlleiters 2 ausgerichtet.In the embodiment of Fig. 1 the transmitting signal waveguides are provided with a rectangular cross-section. The transmit signal waveguides 7, 8, 9, 10 have a long and a short side edge, with the short side edges of each of the transmit signal waveguides 7, 8, 9, 10 extending parallel to an axial direction 16 of the common signal waveguide. In contrast, in the embodiment of the Fig. 3 the long side edges of each transmitting signal waveguide 7, 8, 9, 10 are aligned parallel to the axial direction 16 of the common signal waveguide 2.

Die Querschnittsgestalt des Empfangs-Tors der Ausführungsbeispiele in den Fig. 1 und 3 entspricht der Querschnittsgestalt des gemeinsamen Signalhohlleiters: in beiden Ausführungsbeispielen ist die Gestalt des Empfangs-Tors kreisförmig. Dabei sind die Außendurchmesser des Empfangs-Tors in etwa gleich mit dem Außendurchmesser des gemeinsamen Signalhohlleiters. In entsprechender Weise sind die Wandstärken des gemeinsamen Signalhohlleiters 2 und der Empfangs-Tore der Ausführungsbeispiele gemäß den Fig. 1 und 3 in etwa gleich. Hierdurch bedingt ergibt sich für die Gestalt der jeweiligen Empfangs-Signalhohlleiter 11, 12, 13, 14 eine kreisbogenförmige Gestalt, welche durch jeweilige Stege 20, 21, 22, 23 voneinander getrennt sind. Wie auf Fig. 2b am besten zu erkennen ist, weisen demgegenüber die Empfangs-Signalhohlleiter 11, 12, 13, 14 des zweiten Ausführungsbeispiels eine rechteckförmige Gestalt auf.The cross-sectional shape of the receiving door of the embodiments in the Fig. 1 and 3 corresponds to the cross-sectional shape of the common signal waveguide: in both embodiments, the shape of the receiving gate is circular. The outer diameter of the receiving gate are approximately equal to the outer diameter of the common signal waveguide. In a corresponding manner, the wall thicknesses of the common signal waveguide 2 and the receiving ports of the embodiments according to the Fig. 1 and 3 roughly the same. As a result, this results in the shape of the respective receiving signal waveguide 11, 12, 13, 14 a circular arc-shaped form, which are separated by respective webs 20, 21, 22, 23 from each other. How on Fig. 2b On the other hand, the receiving signal waveguides 11, 12, 13, 14 of the second embodiment have a rectangular shape.

Durch die in den drei Ausführungsbeispielen beschriebene konstruktive Ausgestaltung der Turnstile-Verzweigung können ein Sende- und ein Empfangssignal getrennt werden. Dabei ist der Empfangspfad, der durch den gemeinsamen Signalhohlleiter 2 und die Empfangs-Signalhohlleiter 11, 12, 13, 14 ausgebildet ist, derart beschaffen, dass Frequenzen des Sendesignals blockiert werden. Die Ausbreitung von Empfangsfrequenzen sowohl eines Grundmodes mit Kommunikationssignalen (TE11) als auch zwei höheren Moden (TM01 und TE21) mit den für die Korrektur des Kommunikationssignal notwendigen Korrektur- oder Trackinginformationen wird hingegen ermöglicht. Dabei werden für das Tracking, d.h. für die Verarbeitung der Korrekturinformationen, zwei unabhängige Differenzsignale bereitgestellt. Hierdurch ist gewährleistet, dass das Trackingverfahren für beliebige Polarisationen durchgeführt werden kann und Ausrichtungsfehler in Folge einer Depolarisation in der Atmosphäre vermieden werden. Die für das Tracking benötigten Summen- und Differenzsignale werden unter gleichen Bedingungen ausgekoppelt. Insbesondere erfolgt eine Auskopplung bei gleicher Temperatur. Hierdurch werden Phasenfehler durch unterschiedliche Temperaturen in den Hochfrequenz (HF)-Pfaden vermieden. Die (Tracking)Signale werden erst ausgekoppelt, nachdem eine Trennung des Sende- und Empfangssignals erfolgte. Hierdurch können Störungen des Sendesignals durch den Trackingmodenkoppler vermieden werden.By the structural design of the turnstile branching described in the three embodiments, a transmit and a receive signal can be separated. In this case, the reception path, which is formed by the common signal waveguide 2 and the reception signal waveguides 11, 12, 13, 14, is such that frequencies of the transmission signal are blocked. The propagation of reception frequencies of both a basic mode with communication signals (TE11) and two higher modes (TM01 and TE21) with the however, correction or tracking information necessary for the correction of the communication signal is made possible. In this case, two independent differential signals are provided for the tracking, ie for the processing of the correction information. This ensures that the tracking process can be performed for any polarization and alignment errors due to depolarization in the atmosphere can be avoided. The sum and difference signals required for tracking are decoupled under the same conditions. In particular, a decoupling occurs at the same temperature. As a result, phase errors are avoided by different temperatures in the high frequency (HF) -Pfaden. The (tracking) signals are only decoupled after a separation of the transmitted and received signals. As a result, disturbances of the transmission signal can be avoided by the Trackingmodenkoppler.

Im Sendefall wird das Sendesignal über die vier seitlich an dem gemeinsamen Signalhohlleiter angeordneten Sende-Signalhohlleitern 7, 8, 9, 10 eingespeist. Durch eine geeignete Wahl der Amplituden und Phasen an diesen vier Sende-Signalhohlleitern kann am gemeinsamen Signalhohlleiter eine beliebige Polarisation, d.h. vertikal, horizontal, zirkular links und rechts drehend, elliptisch links und rechts drehend, erzeugt werden. Zur besseren Entkopplung des Sendepfades, umfassend den gemeinsamen Signalhohlleiter 2 und die Sende-Signalholleiter 7, 8, 9, 10, von dem Empfangspfad können in den seitlichen Sende-Signalhohlleitern 7, 8, 9, 10 Filter (nicht dargestellt) eingebaut werden.In the transmission case, the transmission signal via the four arranged laterally on the common signal waveguide transmitting signal waveguides 7, 8, 9, 10 is fed. By a suitable choice of the amplitudes and phases at these four transmit waveguides, any polarization, i. vertical, horizontal, circular left and right rotation, elliptical left and right rotation. For better decoupling of the transmission path, comprising the common signal waveguide 2 and the transmission signal headers 7, 8, 9, 10, of the reception path filters (not shown) can be installed in the lateral transmitting signal waveguides 7, 8, 9, 10.

Im Empfangsfall wird von dem an dem ersten Ende des gemeinsamen Signalhohlleiters 2 vorgesehenen Horn ein Gemisch aus den Moden TE11 (Kommunikation) sowie TM01 und TE21 (Tracking) in den gemeinsamen Signalhohlleiter 2 der Turnstile-Verzweigung eingekoppelt. Dieses Modengemisch wird innerhalb der Turnstile-Verzweigung an die nach hinten führenden Empfangs-Signalhohlleiter 11, 12, 13, 14 weitergeleitet. Die Abmessungen der hinteren vier Empfangs-Signalhohlleiter 11, 12, 13, 14 sind so gewählt, dass bei den Frequenzen des Sendesignals keine Moden ausbreitungsfähig sind. Das Kommunikationssignal in dem Empfangssignal und die beiden Trackingmoden (TM01 und TE21) werden auf die vier Empfangs-Signalhohlleiter 11, 12, 13, 14 aufgeteilt. Hierbei sind die Amplituden in den vier Empfangs-Signalhohlleitern 11, 12, 13, 14 gleich. Jedoch hat jeder Mode sein spezifisches Phasenmuster.In the receive case, a mixture of the modes TE11 (communication) and TM01 and TE21 (tracking) is coupled into the common signal waveguide 2 of the turnstile branching by the horn provided at the first end of the common signal waveguide 2. This mode mixture is forwarded within the turnstile branch to the rear leading signal waveguides 11, 12, 13, 14. The dimensions of the rear four receiving signal waveguides 11, 12, 13, 14 are chosen so that no modes are capable of propagation at the frequencies of the transmission signal. The Communication signal in the received signal and the two tracking modes (TM01 and TE21) are divided into the four receiving signal waveguides 11, 12, 13, 14. Here, the amplitudes in the four receiving signal waveguides 11, 12, 13, 14 are the same. However, each mode has its specific phase pattern.

Dies ist exemplarisch in den Fig. 5 bis 7 dargestellt. Fig. 5 zeigt die Phasenmuster für den TE11-Mode. In der linken Figur ist dabei das Phasenmuster an dem gemeinsamen Signalhohlleiter 2 dargestellt. In der rechten Figur ist das Phasenmuster an den Empfangs-Signalhohlleitern 11, 12, 13, 14 dargestellt. Fig. 6 zeigt die Phasenmuster an dem gemeinsamen Signalhohlleiter 2 (linke Figur) und an den Empfangs-Signalhohlleitern 11, 12, 13, 14 (rechte Figur) des TM01-Modes. Korrespondierend dazu zeigt Fig. 7 die spezifischen Phasenmuster für den TE21-Mode, wobei in der linken Figur das Phasenmuster an dem gemeinsamen Signalhohlleiter 2 und in der rechten Figur das Phasenmuster an den Empfangs-Signalhohlleitern 11, 12, 13, 14 dargestellt ist.This is exemplary in the Fig. 5 to 7 shown. Fig. 5 shows the phase patterns for the TE11 mode. In the left figure, the phase pattern is shown on the common signal waveguide 2. In the right figure, the phase pattern at the receiving signal waveguides 11, 12, 13, 14 is shown. Fig. 6 shows the phase patterns on the common signal waveguide 2 (left figure) and on the receive signal waveguides 11, 12, 13, 14 (right figure) of the TM01 mode. Corresponding to this shows Fig. 7 the specific phase patterns for the TE21-mode, wherein in the left figure, the phase pattern on the common waveguide 2 and in the right figure, the phase pattern at the receiving waveguides 11, 12, 13, 14 is shown.

Mit der erfindungsgemäßen Signalverzweigung ist es möglich, durch ein geeignetes Netzwerk aus 90°- und 180°-Hybridkopplern (vgl. Fig. 4) das Modengemisch in einzelne Moden zu zerlegen und gegebenenfalls neu zu kombinieren. Auf diese Weise wird zum einen das Kommunikationssignal von den Trackingmoden getrennt und zum anderen ein Trackingsignal erzeugt, das die Information über Betrag und Richtung der Ausrichtungsabweichung erhält. Damit ist eine direkte Korrektur der Antennenausrichtung möglich.With the signal branching according to the invention, it is possible, through a suitable network of 90 ° and 180 ° hybrid couplers (see. Fig. 4 ) to break the mode mixture into individual modes and, if necessary, to recombine. In this way, on the one hand the communication signal is separated from the tracking modes and on the other hand a tracking signal is generated which receives the information about the amount and direction of the alignment deviation. This allows a direct correction of the antenna alignment.

Fig. 4 zeigt ein Blockschaltbild für die Anwendung der Turnstile-Verzweigung in einem dual-zirkular polarisierten Dual-Band-Speisesystem mit gleichzeitiger Auskopplung zweier Trackingmoden. Mit dem Bezugszeichen 17 ist dabei das Horn bezeichnet, das mit der Turnstile-Verzweigung 1 gekoppelt ist. Die Turnstile-Verzweigung 1 ist lediglich schematisch dargestellt. In dem Blockschaltbild sind die mit den Sende-Signalhohlleitern 7, 8, 9, 10 verbundenen Filter 51, 52, 53, 54 dargestellt. Das an den Filtern 51, 52, 53, 54 anliegende Ausgangssignal wird jeweils einem 180°-Hybridkoppler 55 bzw. 56 zugeführt, der ein Summen- und ein Differenzsignal (Σ, Δ) bildet. Die Differenzsignale werden einem 90°-Hybridkoppler 55 zugeführt, welcher die Signale TE11 RHC und TE11 LHC ausgibt. Die an den Empfangs-Signalhohlleitern 11, 13 empfangenen Signale werden einem 180°-Hybridkoppler 58 zugeführt. Die an den Empfangs-Signalhohlleitern 12, 14 anliegenden Signale werden einem 180°-Hybridkoppler 59 zugeführt. Die von den beiden Hybridkopplern 58, 59 gebildeten Differenzsignale werden einem 90°-Hybridkoppler 60 zugeführt, welcher Kommunikationssignale TE11 RHC und TE11 LHC ausgibt. Die Summensignale Σ der Hybridkoppler 58, 59 werden einem 180°-Hybridkoppler 61 zugeführt, welcher ein Summensignal Σ und ein Differenzsignal Δ bildet. Das Summensignal Σ stellt den Mode TM01, das Differenzsignal Δ den Mode TE21 dar. Fig. 4 shows a block diagram for the application of turnstile branching in a dual-circularly polarized dual-band feed system with simultaneous extraction of two tracking modes. The reference numeral 17 designates the horn which is coupled to the turnstile branch 1. The turnstile branch 1 is shown only schematically. The block diagram shows the filters 51, 52, 53, 54 connected to the transmit signal waveguides 7, 8, 9, 10. The output signal applied to the filters 51, 52, 53, 54 is in each case supplied to a 180 ° hybrid coupler 55 or 56, which has a summation and a summation Difference signal (Σ, Δ) forms. The difference signals are fed to a 90 ° hybrid coupler 55, which outputs the signals TE11 RHC and TE11 LHC. The signals received at the receive signal waveguides 11, 13 are fed to a 180 ° hybrid coupler 58. The signals applied to the receive signal waveguides 12, 14 are fed to a 180 ° hybrid coupler 59. The difference signals formed by the two hybrid couplers 58, 59 are supplied to a 90 ° hybrid coupler 60, which outputs communication signals TE11 RHC and TE11 LHC. The sum signals Σ of the hybrid couplers 58, 59 are fed to a 180 ° hybrid coupler 61, which forms a sum signal Σ and a difference signal Δ. The sum signal Σ represents the mode TM01, the difference signal Δ the mode TE21.

Die erfindungsgemäße Turnstile-Verzweigung kann sowohl für linear polarisierte als auch für zirkular polarisierte Signale eingesetzt werden. Fig. 4 ist als Beispiel für die Anwendung von einem dual-zirkular polarisierten Dual-Band-Speisesystem skizziert. Das Speisesystem kann zur Ausleuchtung eines Reflektors verwendet werden. Es kann auch als direkt strahlendes Element eingesetzt werden.The turnstile branching according to the invention can be used both for linearly polarized and for circularly polarized signals. Fig. 4 is outlined as an example of the application of a dual circularly polarized dual-band feed system. The feed system can be used to illuminate a reflector. It can also be used as a direct radiating element.

BezugszeichenlisteLIST OF REFERENCE NUMBERS

11
Signal-VerzweigungSignal branching
22
gemeinsamer Signalhohlleitercommon signal waveguide
33
erstes Ende des gemeinsamen Signalhohlleitersfirst end of the common signal waveguide
44
zweites Ende des gemeinsamen Signalhohlleiterssecond end of the common signal waveguide
55
Außenseiteoutside
66
Innenseiteinside
77
Sende-SignalhohlleiterTransmission signal waveguide
88th
Sende-SignalhohlleiterTransmission signal waveguide
99
Sende-SignalhohlleiterTransmission signal waveguide
1010
Sende-SignalhohlleiterTransmission signal waveguide
1111
Empfangs-SignalhohlleiterReception signal waveguide
1212
Empfangs-SignalhohlleiterReception signal waveguide
1313
Empfangs-SignalhohlleiterReception signal waveguide
1414
Empfangs-SignalhohlleiterReception signal waveguide
1515
Kegelcone
1616
Axialrichtung des gemeinsamen SignalhohlleitersAxial direction of the common signal waveguide
1717
Hornhorn
1818
zylinderförmiger Abschnittcylindrical section
1919
Wandungwall
2020
Stegweb
2121
Stegweb
2222
Stegweb
2323
Stegweb
5050
Verarbeitungseinheitprocessing unit
5151
Filterfilter
5252
Filterfilter
5353
Filterfilter
5454
Filterfilter
5555
Hybridkopplerhybrid
5656
Hybridkopplerhybrid
5757
Hybridkopplerhybrid
5858
Hybridkopplerhybrid
5959
Hybridkopplerhybrid
6060
Hybridkopplerhybrid

Claims (15)

Signal-Verzweigung (1), insbesondere Turnstile-Verzweigung, zur Verwendung in einem Kommunikationssystem, insbesondere in einer Reflektorantenne, zur Übertragung von Mikrowellensignalen, umfassend: - einen gemeinsamen Signalhohlleiter (2) zur Übertragung eines Sendesignals und eines Empfangssignals, der ein erstes Ende (3) und ein zweites Ende (4) sowie eine Außen- und eine Innenseite (5, 6) umfasst; - eine Mehrzahl an Sende-Signalhohlleitern (7, 8, 9, 10) zur Einspeisung des Sendesignals, wobei die Sende-Signalhohlleiter (7, 8, 9, 10) symmetrisch an der Außenseite (6) des gemeinsamen Signalhohlleiters (2) verteilt angeordnet sind und jeweils kommunikativ mit dem gemeinsamen Signalhohlleiter (2) verbunden sind; - eine Mehrzahl an Empfangs-Signalhohlleitern (11, 12, 13, 14) zur Übertragung des Empfangssignals, wobei die Empfangs-Signalhohlleiter (11, 12, 13, 14) symmetrisch an das zweite Ende (4) des gemeinsamen Signalhohlleiters (2) anschließen und jeweils kommunikativ mit dem gemeinsamen Signalhohlleiter (2) verbunden sind. Signal branching (1), in particular turnstile branching, for use in a communication system, in particular in a reflector antenna, for the transmission of microwave signals, comprising: - A common signal waveguide (2) for transmitting a transmission signal and a received signal comprising a first end (3) and a second end (4) and an outer and an inner side (5, 6); - A plurality of transmitting signal waveguides (7, 8, 9, 10) for feeding the transmission signal, wherein the transmitting signal waveguides (7, 8, 9, 10) arranged symmetrically distributed on the outer side (6) of the common signal waveguide (2) are each communicatively connected to the common signal waveguide (2); - A plurality of receiving signal waveguides (11, 12, 13, 14) for transmitting the received signal, wherein the receiving signal waveguides (11, 12, 13, 14) connect symmetrically to the second end (4) of the common signal waveguide (2) and each communicatively connected to the common signal waveguide (2). Signal-Verzweigung nach Anspruch 1, bei der der gemeinsame Signal-hohlleiter (2) und die Empfangs-Signalhohlleiter (11, 12, 13, 14) einen Empfangspfad ausbilden, welcher ein in die Sende-Signalhohlleiter (7, 8, 9, 10) eingespeistes Sendesignal blockiert und welcher bei einem in den gemeinsamen Signalhohlleiter (2) eingespeisten Empfangssignal die Ausbreitung eines Grundmode mit einem Kommunikationssignal (TE11) und zweier höherer Moden (TM01, TE21) mit Korrekturinformationen für das Kommunikationssignal erlaubt.A signal splitter as claimed in claim 1, wherein the common signal waveguide (2) and the receive signal waveguides (11, 12, 13, 14) form a receive path which inserts into the transmit signal waveguides (7, 8, 9, 10 ) fed and which in a common signal waveguide (2) fed receive signal propagates a fundamental mode with a communication signal (TE11) and two higher modes (TM01, TE21) with correction information for the communication signal allowed. Signal-Verzweigung nach Anspruch 2, bei der diese eine Verarbeitungseinheit (50) umfasst, welche dazu ausgebildet ist, die Korrekturinformationen zu verarbeiten (sog. Tracking) und zwei unabhängige Differenzsignale bereit zu stellen.A signal branch as claimed in claim 2, wherein it comprises a processing unit (50) adapted to apply the correction information to process (so-called tracking) and to provide two independent differential signals. Signal-Verzweigung nach Anspruch 3, bei der die Verarbeitungseinheit dazu ausgebildet ist, - bei der Verarbeitung der Korrekturinformationen (Tracking) Summen-und Differenzsignale zu bilden und diese unter gleichen Bedingungen, insbesondere bei gleicher Temperatur, bereitzustellen, und/oder - eine Bereitstellung der Summen- und Differenzsignale erst nach der Trennung von Sende- und Empfangssignal vorzunehmen. Signal splitter according to claim 3, wherein the processing unit is designed to to form summation and difference signals during the processing of the correction information (tracking) and to provide them under the same conditions, in particular at the same temperature, and / or - Make a provision of the sum and difference signals only after the separation of the transmit and receive signal. Signal-Verzweigung nach einem der vorherigen Ansprüche, bei der in den Sende-Signalhohlleitern (7, 8, 9, 10) jeweils ein Filter (51, 52, 53, 54) vorgesehen ist.Signal branching according to one of the preceding claims, in which in each case a filter (51, 52, 53, 54) is provided in the transmitting signal waveguides (7, 8, 9, 10). Signal-Verzweigung nach einem der vorherigen Ansprüche, bei der in dem gemeinsamen Signalhohlleiter (2) an dem zweiten Ende (4) ein in Richtung des ersten Endes (3) sich erstreckender Kegel (15) vorgesehen ist.Signal branch according to one of the preceding claims, in which a cone (15) extending in the direction of the first end (3) is provided in the common signal waveguide (2) at the second end (4). Signal-Verzweigung nach einem der vorherigen Ansprüche, bei der die Empfangs-Signalhohlleiter (11, 12, 13, 14) sich in axialer Richtung des gemeinsamen Signalhohlleiters erstrecken.A signal splitter as claimed in any one of the preceding claims, wherein the receive signal waveguides (11, 12, 13, 14) extend in the axial direction of the common signal waveguide. Signal-Verzweigung nach einem der vorherigen Ansprüche, bei der die Abmessungen der Empfangs-Signalhohlleiter (11, 12, 13, 14) derart bemessen sind, dass bei den Sendefrequenzen des Sendesignals keine Moden in den Empfangs-Signalhohlleitern (11, 12, 13, 14) ausbreitungsfähig sind.Signal branch according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the dimensions of the receiving signal waveguides (11, 12, 13, 14) are dimensioned such that at the transmission frequencies of the transmission signal no modes in the receiving signal waveguides (11, 12, 13, 14) are capable of propagation. Signal-Verzweigung nach einem der vorherigen Ansprüche, bei der diese derart ausgestaltet ist, dass das in den gemeinsamen Signalhohlleiter (2) eingespeiste Empfangssignal gleichmäßig auf die Empfangs-Signalhohlleiter (11, 12, 13, 14) aufgeteilt ist.Signal branch according to one of the preceding claims, wherein it is designed such that the in the common signal waveguide (2) fed receive signal evenly on the receive signal waveguide (11, 12, 13, 14) is divided. Signal-Verzweigung nach einem der vorherigen Ansprüche, bei der diese mit einem Netzwerk aus 90°- und 180°-Hybridkopplern zur Zerlegung und/oder Neukombination eines Modengemischs der Moden des Empfangssignals gekoppelt ist.A signal splitter according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein it is coupled to a network of 90 ° and 180 ° hybrid couplers for decomposition and / or recombination of a mode mixture of the modes of the received signal. Verfahren zum Verarbeiten eines in eine gemäß einem der vorherigen Ansprüche ausgebildete Signal-Verzweigung (1) eingespeisten Empfangssignals, bei dem das Empfangssignal in einen Grundmode mit einem Kommunikationssignal (TE11) und zweiter höherer Moden (TM01, TE21) mit Korrekturinformationen für das Kommunikationssignal aufgeteilt wird.Method for processing a received signal fed into a signal branch (1) designed according to one of the preceding claims, in which the received signal is divided into a basic mode with a communication signal (TE11) and second higher modes (TM01, TE21) with correction information for the communication signal , Verfahren nach Anspruch 11, bei dem durch die Verarbeitung der Korrekturinformationen zwei unabhängige Differenzsignale bereitgestellt werden.The method of claim 11, wherein the processing of the correction information provides two independent differential signals. Verfahren nach Anspruch 11 oder 12, bei dem bei der Verarbeitung der Korrekturinformationen Summen- und Differenzsignale gebildet werden und diese unter gleichen Bedingungen, insbesondere bei gleicher Temperatur, bereitgestellt werden.Method according to Claim 11 or 12, in which sum and difference signals are formed during the processing of the correction information and these are provided under the same conditions, in particular at the same temperature. Verfahren nach Anspruch 13, bei der eine Bereitstellung der Summen- und Differenzsignale erst nach der Trennung von Sende- und Empfangssignal erfolgt.Method according to Claim 13, in which the sum and difference signals are provided only after the separation of the transmitted and received signals. Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 11 bis 14, bei der durch Wahl der Amplituden und Phasen des in die Sende-Signalhohlleiter (7, 8, 9, 10) eingespeisten Sendesignals an dem gemeinsamen Signalhohlleiter (2) eine gewünschte Polarisation eingestellt wird.Method according to one of Claims 11 to 14, in which a desired polarization is set by selecting the amplitudes and phases of the transmit signal fed into the transmit signal waveguides (7, 8, 9, 10) at the common signal waveguide (2).
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EP2159870B1 (en) 2017-11-15
DE102008044895B4 (en) 2018-02-22
CA2676829C (en) 2016-05-31
DE102008044895A1 (en) 2010-03-04
CA2676829A1 (en) 2010-02-28
US20100052816A1 (en) 2010-03-04
US8198955B2 (en) 2012-06-12

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