EP2158340A1 - Poutre pare-chocs comprenant un acier inoxydable à durcissement par précipitation - Google Patents

Poutre pare-chocs comprenant un acier inoxydable à durcissement par précipitation

Info

Publication number
EP2158340A1
EP2158340A1 EP08779313A EP08779313A EP2158340A1 EP 2158340 A1 EP2158340 A1 EP 2158340A1 EP 08779313 A EP08779313 A EP 08779313A EP 08779313 A EP08779313 A EP 08779313A EP 2158340 A1 EP2158340 A1 EP 2158340A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
impact
impact beam
stainless steel
max
steel
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP08779313A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP2158340A4 (fr
Inventor
Carl-Johan Irander
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Sandvik Intellectual Property AB
Original Assignee
Sandvik Intellectual Property AB
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Sandvik Intellectual Property AB filed Critical Sandvik Intellectual Property AB
Publication of EP2158340A1 publication Critical patent/EP2158340A1/fr
Publication of EP2158340A4 publication Critical patent/EP2158340A4/fr
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B62—LAND VEHICLES FOR TRAVELLING OTHERWISE THAN ON RAILS
    • B62D—MOTOR VEHICLES; TRAILERS
    • B62D21/00—Understructures, i.e. chassis frame on which a vehicle body may be mounted
    • B62D21/15—Understructures, i.e. chassis frame on which a vehicle body may be mounted having impact absorbing means, e.g. a frame designed to permanently or temporarily change shape or dimension upon impact with another body
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60J—WINDOWS, WINDSCREENS, NON-FIXED ROOFS, DOORS, OR SIMILAR DEVICES FOR VEHICLES; REMOVABLE EXTERNAL PROTECTIVE COVERINGS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR VEHICLES
    • B60J5/00—Doors
    • B60J5/04—Doors arranged at the vehicle sides
    • B60J5/042—Reinforcement elements
    • B60J5/0422—Elongated type elements, e.g. beams, cables, belts or wires
    • B60J5/0423—Elongated type elements, e.g. beams, cables, belts or wires characterised by position in the lower door structure
    • B60J5/0426—Elongated type elements, e.g. beams, cables, belts or wires characterised by position in the lower door structure the elements being arranged at the beltline
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60J—WINDOWS, WINDSCREENS, NON-FIXED ROOFS, DOORS, OR SIMILAR DEVICES FOR VEHICLES; REMOVABLE EXTERNAL PROTECTIVE COVERINGS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR VEHICLES
    • B60J5/00—Doors
    • B60J5/04—Doors arranged at the vehicle sides
    • B60J5/042—Reinforcement elements
    • B60J5/0422—Elongated type elements, e.g. beams, cables, belts or wires
    • B60J5/0423—Elongated type elements, e.g. beams, cables, belts or wires characterised by position in the lower door structure
    • B60J5/0429—Elongated type elements, e.g. beams, cables, belts or wires characterised by position in the lower door structure the elements being arranged diagonally
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60J—WINDOWS, WINDSCREENS, NON-FIXED ROOFS, DOORS, OR SIMILAR DEVICES FOR VEHICLES; REMOVABLE EXTERNAL PROTECTIVE COVERINGS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR VEHICLES
    • B60J5/00—Doors
    • B60J5/04—Doors arranged at the vehicle sides
    • B60J5/042—Reinforcement elements
    • B60J5/0422—Elongated type elements, e.g. beams, cables, belts or wires
    • B60J5/0438—Elongated type elements, e.g. beams, cables, belts or wires characterised by the type of elongated elements
    • B60J5/0443—Beams
    • B60J5/0444—Beams characterised by a special cross section
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B62—LAND VEHICLES FOR TRAVELLING OTHERWISE THAN ON RAILS
    • B62D—MOTOR VEHICLES; TRAILERS
    • B62D29/00—Superstructures, understructures, or sub-units thereof, characterised by the material thereof
    • B62D29/007—Superstructures, understructures, or sub-units thereof, characterised by the material thereof predominantly of special steel or specially treated steel, e.g. stainless steel or locally surface hardened steel
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
    • C22C38/40—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
    • C22C38/40—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel
    • C22C38/50—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel with titanium or zirconium

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to an impact beam for use in a vehicle. More specifically, the invention relates to an impact beam and related assembly, the impact beam comprising precipitation hardenable stainless steel, and a method of producing such a beam.
  • Impact beams can, for example, be designed to protect passengers in the vehicle by absorbing impact energy in a collision, through plastic and/or elastic deformation. Furthermore, impact beams can also be designed to protect objects outside the vehicle, such as pedestrians or animals. In a collision between two or more vehicles, for example in a head-on collision, an impact beam can limit the damage caused by the colliding vehicle to the oncoming vehicle, resulting in less risk of passengers in the oncoming vehicle being seriously injured. Impact beams can also be used to prevent vital machinery inside the vehicle from being damaged. In addition to absorbing impact energy an impact beam can also be designed to transmit impact energy to the vehicle frame, i.e. the chassis without the running gear, and/or the vehicle body structure, such as a door, or another impact beam.
  • Running gear in this context includes, inter alia, engine, drive shaft, transmission and suspension.
  • High strength carbon steel (tensile strength ⁇ 800 MPa) is commonly used for vehicle components designed for crash protection due to physical properties, such as high strength, good formability, and inherent capability to absorb impact energy in a crash situation.
  • ultrahigh strength carbon steels tensile strength >800 MPa
  • boron steels can be used.
  • ultra-high strength carbon steels may involve formability problems as well as low ductility, which can lead to brittle cracking.
  • An example of an impact beam is disclosed in EP 1520741 , wherein the beam is described as an automobile strength member comprising a rectangular steel tube.
  • Brittle cracking is identified as a problem, which arises for high strength members having tensile strengths exceeding 1470 MPa.
  • the preferred production methods include e.g. drawing, rolling or extrusion.
  • WO 02/064390 manufacturing of a lightweight vehicle door, comprising a supportive door frame that includes at least one impact beam, by hot forming particularly hot stamping, is disclosed.
  • Tensile strengths of over 1000 MPa up to 1500 MPa are expected when using boron steel.
  • one object of the present invention is to provide an impact beam for use in vehicles, which provides improved impact absorbing properties per unit of weight, wherein the impact beam can be formed by conventional hot forming techniques.
  • the stated object is achieved by the present invention in accordance with claim 1.
  • the impact beam according to the invention, comprises precipitation hardenable stainless steel, wherein the steel has a composition, all in percent by weight, of:
  • a precipitation hardenable stainless steel in an impact beam, provides a vehicle component with improved impact absorbing properties per unit of weight, which may for example facilitate significant weight reduction of the impact beam while preserving the same energy absorption properties.
  • the present invention also relates to a method of producing an impact beam, comprising said precipitation hardenable stainless steel by hot forming, such as for example hot stamping or press hardening.
  • Press hardening is a manufacturing process for low weight, ultra-high strength components, in which simultaneous forming and quenching is utilized.
  • press hardening formation of complex geometries is made possible due to the high formability of the hot steel, and the quenching results in a component with very high yield and tensile strength, as well as high dimensional accuracy.
  • new design opportunities are available and complex designs are enabled, which, for example, may lead to space savings when assembling the vehicle body.
  • the design can also aim at controlling the absorption of the impact energy, by controlling the deformation of the beam.
  • Figure 1 illustrates examples of impact beams in an automobile, which can comprise precipitation hardenable stainless steel, according to the present invention.
  • Figure 2 illustrates a vehicle door with a waist rail reinforcement beam and a side impact beam.
  • Figure 3 illustrates a cross section having two intersecting tangents.
  • Figure 4 illustrates examples of cross section geometries for impact beams.
  • Figure 5 illustrates examples of complex cross section geometries for impact beams.
  • Figure 6 illustrates the setup used in the FEA (Finite Element Analysis) for a beam with circular cross section.
  • Figure 7 illustrates the setup used in the FEA for a beam with C-shaped cross section.
  • Figure 8 illustrates results from FEA comparing steel according to the present invention to boron steel of type Mat. No. 1.5528, using a beam with circular cross section and a wall thickness of 1.5 mm.
  • Figure 9 illustrates results from FEA comparing steel according to the present invention to boron steel of type Mat. No. 1.5529, using a beam with circular cross section and a wall thickness of 1.5 mm.
  • the figures should not be considered drawn to scale, since some features may have been exaggerated in order to clearly illustrate the invention.
  • the impact beam should comprise steel with ultra-high strength
  • Ultra-high strength precipitation hardenable stainless steel provides high tensile strength combined with excellent impact absorbing properties, and is an alternative to ultra-high strength carbon steel.
  • the amount of material in the component can be reduced due to the improved energy absorbing capacity per unit of weight. Thereby, the total weight of the component, and in the end the weight of the vehicle, is reduced. This can be achieved by for example reducing the wall thickness of the impact beam.
  • an increase of strength can be achieved by manufacturing an impact beam using an ultra-high strength steel, with preserved amount of impact absorbing material.
  • An impact beam designed for crash protection can be used in several types of vehicles, such as automobiles, motorcycles, buses, trucks, caterpillars, crawlers, and tractors.
  • the beam can be joined to, or be a part of, the vehicle frame, i.e. the chassis without the running gear, or the vehicle body structure.
  • the impact beam can also be used in other types of vehicles such as motorboats, snowmobiles, or airborne vehicles such as helicopters or airplanes.
  • impact beams are important components in the floor structure of helicopters.
  • Figure 1 illustrates examples of impact beams in an automobile.
  • the following components are identified in the figure: bumper beam 1 , side member 2, A-pillar reinforcement 3, front header 4, roof beam 5, B-pillar reinforcement 6, floor beam 7, door beam 8, cross member 9 and waist rail reinforcement 10.
  • Impact beams which are situated in more than one location for example side members 2 and A-pillar reinforcements 3, are normally placed at corresponding sides in the vehicle and are therefore not indicated in Figure 1.
  • Examples of impact beams in a vehicle door 21 comprising a waist rail 22 and a side impact beam 23 are illustrated in Figure 2.
  • a beam is considered as a structure comprising a cross section with at least two intersecting tangents, illustrated in Figure 3 as t1 and t2 for an angle beam 31 , and t1 ' and t2 ' for beam with a circular cross section 32, wherein the tangents define a two-dimensional plane, and wherein the structure is extended in a direction essentially perpendicular to the plane.
  • the beam can be designed in a number of different shapes and sizes.
  • Figure 4 shows some examples of basic cross sectional shapes of impact beams: circular 41 , elliptical 42, U-shaped 43, C- shaped 44 or hat shaped 45.
  • the cross section can also be of essentially square shape, essentially triangular shape, essentially tetragonal shape, essentially pentagonal shape, as well as of irregular shapes.
  • the cross section of the beam can contain one or more open sections, such as the open area A defined by t1 and t2 in Figure 3, and/or one or more closed sections, such as the area B in Figure 3.
  • the shape and/or the size of the cross section can either be identical or vary throughout the extension of the beam.
  • the impact beam can be adapted so as to absorb impact energy, through controlled deformation of the beam.
  • the impact beam can also be adapted so as to transmit impact energy to other parts of the vehicle frame and/or the vehicle body structure, thus directing the impact energy away from the impact zone.
  • FIG. 5 examples of complex geometrical forms of cross sections of impact beams are illustrated.
  • the cross sections illustrated in Figure 5 are examples of a floor beam 51 , a waist rail in a vehicle door 52, a side impact beam in a vehicle door 53 and a roof bow 54.
  • the precipitation hardenable stainless steel should be suitable for hot forming.
  • not all precipitation hardenable stainless steels can be formed by hot forming techniques without becoming too hard during the process. If the hardness of the steel increases too much during the hot forming process, it can lead to detrimental brittle fractures and poor impact absorbing properties, which is not desirable in an impact beam.
  • precipitation hardenable stainless steels that meet the requirements stated above, inter alia excellent impact absorbing properties and possibility of hot forming are UNS S45500, UNS S45503 and UNS S46500.
  • the precipitation hardenable stainless steel is of UNS S45500 type.
  • Compositions of said precipitation hardenable stainless steels, in percent by weight, are displayed in Table 1. The balance is Fe and normally occurring impurities.
  • the precipitation hardenable stainless steel can be processed in the shape of a tube, sheet or bar, for further forming into various geometrical shapes.
  • the impact beam can either consist entirely of precipitation hardenable stainless steel, according to the invention, or comprise a member of a precipitation hardenable stainless steel in combination with another member of another material, for example other steel grades or carbon fiber.
  • Commonly used stainless steel in this application is for example AISI 301 type, and commonly used boron steel is, for example, material number (Mat. No.) 1.5528 or Mat. No.15529.
  • the material strength is affected by the degree of processing and the conditions of any heat treatments performed.
  • the impact beam is manufactured by any conventional hot forming technique.
  • the temperature applied during hot forming is generally equal to, or exceeding, 750 0 C, typically around 900 0 C.
  • the hot forming technique is press hardening.
  • the press hardening can be followed by a precipitation hardening step.
  • the starting material for press hardening is usually in the form of a sheet, a tube or a strip, preferably the starting material is a steel sheet.
  • the impact beam may be shaped to fit an available space in the vehicle and/or shaped to provide the best impact absorption.
  • the impact beam can be a part of an impact beam assembly, wherein the impact beam is joined to at least a part of the vehicle frame, and/or the vehicle body structure, for example a vehicle door or another impact beam, by conventional techniques, for example, bolting, welding, gluing or seaming.
  • the surface of the beam is pre- treated to improve the shearing strength of an adhesive joining.
  • the surface can be ground and/or chemically treated to remove most of the native oxide scale and thereafter coated with a primer, such as a silicon based primer.
  • the primer will create a surface structure which interacts well with the glue and thereby strengthens the glued joint.
  • Surface pre-treatment using a primer is performed after hot forming.
  • FEA finite element analysis
  • Table 3 The balance is Fe and normally occurring impurities.
  • Mat. No. Material number, also known as Werkstoff number.
  • the beam comprising the precipitation hardenable stainless steel according to the invention displays an increased energy absorption, in beams with both circular and U-shaped cross sections, by on average at least 20 % compared to a beam comprising boron steel of the type Mat. No. 1.5528.
  • the beam according to the invention displays an increased energy absorption by on average at least 7 %.
  • the true energy absorption may be even higher than suggested in these FE-analyses due to the large elongation to fracture in the beam according to the invention, compared to a beam comprising boron steel. Impact beams with lower fracture toughness can experience cracking when the beam is deformed, which locally leads to a considerable reduction of the ability to absorb energy.
  • Width 100 mm
  • an impact beam comprising precipitation hardenable stainless steel, according to the present invention which has up to 50 % higher tensile strength than conventional steel types used for impact beams, a considerable weight reduction of at least 20 % on average can be obtained for the final component.
  • High tensile and yield strengths, of the precipitation hardenable stainless steel used according to the invention, in combination with high ductility and high toughness, result in a superior ability to absorb impact energy in a collision, through plastic and/or elastic deformation, making the steel highly suitable for use in impact beams.
  • the high elongation at rupture, associated with this precipitation hardenable stainless steel results in less risk of cracking.
  • the precipitation hardenable stainless steel, used according to the invention is corrosion resistant there is no need for any additional corrosion protection throughout the expected life time of the vehicle.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Transportation (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Architecture (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Body Structure For Vehicles (AREA)
  • Vibration Dampers (AREA)

Abstract

La présente invention concerne une poutre pare-chocs destinée à être utilisée dans un véhicule. De manière plus spécifique, l'invention concerne une poutre pare-chocs comprenant un acier inoxydable à durcissement par précipitation, et un procédé pour produire une telle poutre. L'acier inoxydable à durcissement par précipitation a une composition, exprimée en pourcentage en poids, de : C ≤ 0,07 %, Si ≤ 1,2 %, Mn ≤ 0,7 %, Cr ≤ 10-14 %, Mo ≤ 1,5 %, Ni 7-12 %, Cu ≤ 2,6 %, Ti 0,6-2,0 % (Nb + Ta) ≤ 0,7, et la part résiduelle étant du Fe et d'inévitables impuretés. Une poutre pare-chocs comprenant un acier inoxydable à durcissement par précipitation, selon l'invention, présente des propriétés d'absorption de choc améliorées par unité de poids, et peut être formée par des techniques de formage à chaud traditionnelles.
EP08779313A 2007-06-12 2008-05-29 Poutre pare-chocs comprenant un acier inoxydable à durcissement par précipitation Withdrawn EP2158340A4 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
SE0701436A SE531252C2 (sv) 2007-06-12 2007-06-12 Krockbalk av utskiljningshärdat stål
PCT/SE2008/050630 WO2008153480A1 (fr) 2007-06-12 2008-05-29 Poutre pare-chocs comprenant un acier inoxydable à durcissement par précipitation

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP2158340A1 true EP2158340A1 (fr) 2010-03-03
EP2158340A4 EP2158340A4 (fr) 2010-12-08

Family

ID=40129951

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP08779313A Withdrawn EP2158340A4 (fr) 2007-06-12 2008-05-29 Poutre pare-chocs comprenant un acier inoxydable à durcissement par précipitation

Country Status (4)

Country Link
US (1) US20100180990A1 (fr)
EP (1) EP2158340A4 (fr)
SE (1) SE531252C2 (fr)
WO (1) WO2008153480A1 (fr)

Families Citing this family (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102009030489A1 (de) * 2009-06-24 2010-12-30 Thyssenkrupp Nirosta Gmbh Verfahren zum Herstellen eines warmpressgehärteten Bauteils, Verwendung eines Stahlprodukts für die Herstellung eines warmpressgehärteten Bauteils und warmpressgehärtetes Bauteil
DE102010019992A1 (de) 2010-05-10 2011-11-10 Volkswagen Ag Karosseriestruktur, insbesondere Bodenstruktur, für ein Kraftfahrzeug
DE112013007314T5 (de) * 2013-08-08 2016-05-19 General Electric Company Ausscheidungsgehärtete Edelstahllegierungen
EP3164239A1 (fr) * 2014-07-03 2017-05-10 Autotech Engineering, A.I.E. Composants structuraux renforcés
DE102015112499A1 (de) * 2015-07-30 2017-02-02 Dr. Ing. H.C. F. Porsche Aktiengesellschaft Türaufprallträger
US10676196B2 (en) 2016-01-21 2020-06-09 Ami Industries, Inc. Energy attenuating mounting foot for a cabin attendant seat
CN108664701A (zh) * 2018-04-04 2018-10-16 江苏理工学院 一种基于b样条的防撞梁结构优化方法
US20220371091A1 (en) * 2021-05-19 2022-11-24 Ford Global Technologies, Llc Directed energy deposition (ded) reinforcements on body structures and visible sheet metal surfaces

Citations (3)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO1999007910A1 (fr) * 1997-08-06 1999-02-18 Crs Holdings, Inc. Alliage d'acier inoxydable a haute resistance, durci par precipitation, et resistant aux entailles
US20050146162A1 (en) * 2003-12-19 2005-07-07 Daimlerchrysler Ag Stainless frame construction for motor vehicles
US20070107819A1 (en) * 2005-11-15 2007-05-17 Benteler Automobiltechnik Gmbh High-strength motor-vehicle frame part with targeted crash

Family Cites Families (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US6238455B1 (en) * 1999-10-22 2001-05-29 Crs Holdings, Inc. High-strength, titanium-bearing, powder metallurgy stainless steel article with enhanced machinability
DE102005030507B4 (de) * 2005-06-28 2008-04-03 Benteler Automobiltechnik Gmbh Türstruktur eines Kraftfahrzeugs

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO1999007910A1 (fr) * 1997-08-06 1999-02-18 Crs Holdings, Inc. Alliage d'acier inoxydable a haute resistance, durci par precipitation, et resistant aux entailles
US20050146162A1 (en) * 2003-12-19 2005-07-07 Daimlerchrysler Ag Stainless frame construction for motor vehicles
US20070107819A1 (en) * 2005-11-15 2007-05-17 Benteler Automobiltechnik Gmbh High-strength motor-vehicle frame part with targeted crash

Non-Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
See also references of WO2008153480A1 *

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP2158340A4 (fr) 2010-12-08
US20100180990A1 (en) 2010-07-22
SE531252C2 (sv) 2009-02-03
WO2008153480A1 (fr) 2008-12-18
SE0701436L (sv) 2008-12-13

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