EP2155979B1 - Thermal insulation element comprising ventilation channels - Google Patents

Thermal insulation element comprising ventilation channels Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2155979B1
EP2155979B1 EP08758941A EP08758941A EP2155979B1 EP 2155979 B1 EP2155979 B1 EP 2155979B1 EP 08758941 A EP08758941 A EP 08758941A EP 08758941 A EP08758941 A EP 08758941A EP 2155979 B1 EP2155979 B1 EP 2155979B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
ducts
building
element according
exterior wall
thermal insulation
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EP08758941A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP2155979A2 (en
Inventor
Gerd Hauser
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Fraunhofer Gesellschaft zur Forderung der Angewandten Forschung eV
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Fraunhofer Gesellschaft zur Forderung der Angewandten Forschung eV
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Priority to PL08758941T priority Critical patent/PL2155979T3/en
Priority to SI200830391T priority patent/SI2155979T1/en
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    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
    • E04B1/62—Insulation or other protection; Elements or use of specified material therefor
    • E04B1/74—Heat, sound or noise insulation, absorption, or reflection; Other building methods affording favourable thermal or acoustical conditions, e.g. accumulating of heat within walls
    • E04B1/76—Heat, sound or noise insulation, absorption, or reflection; Other building methods affording favourable thermal or acoustical conditions, e.g. accumulating of heat within walls specifically with respect to heat only
    • E04B1/762—Exterior insulation of exterior walls
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
    • E04B1/62—Insulation or other protection; Elements or use of specified material therefor
    • E04B1/70—Drying or keeping dry, e.g. by air vents
    • E04B1/7069—Drying or keeping dry, e.g. by air vents by ventilating
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T29/00—Metal working
    • Y10T29/49—Method of mechanical manufacture
    • Y10T29/49616—Structural member making

Definitions

  • the invention relates to an element for thermal insulation of a building.
  • the thermal insulation of a building takes place by the fact that on the outer wall of the building heat insulation elements are attached. This can often be done later.
  • the thermal renovation of exterior walls is usually done with thermal insulation systems, which has a outside wall mounted on the outside thermal insulation in the form of polystyrene foam boards.
  • thermal insulation systems which has a outside wall mounted on the outside thermal insulation in the form of polystyrene foam boards.
  • This required central ventilation systems can often not be realized in the building stock due to the usually present low room heights and the enormous space requirement of ventilation ducts.
  • the ventilation heat losses can not be reduced as efficiently as the transmission heat losses.
  • a subsequent accommodation of ventilation systems can be made sense only for buildings with high storey heights.
  • Ventil ducts for a central ventilation system can be accommodated in these ventilation ducts.
  • metallic spiral ducts are used in on-site recesses in the external insulation.
  • ventilation ducts made of polystyrene foam with circular inner and square outer cross-section are offered.
  • Appropriately manufactured external insulation panels with integrated ventilation ducts and required soundproofing properties do not yet exist. From the JP 2004-060288 A2 a heat insulator is known which has a hollow channel in individual areas, through which air required for the ventilation can flow.
  • This hollow channel is formed by the fact that the generally thicker heat insulator in selected areas consists only of a thin metal insulator. Thus, the insulation element is thinner in this area. Bringing the insulation element on the outer wall, so formed between the metal insulator and the outer wall of said ventilation duct.
  • a dressingisolierankade known with a arranged on the outside of the building wall to be protected insulating layer, which consists of insulating.
  • insulating layer which consists of insulating.
  • cover in particular a plaster layer.
  • Channels are provided which side by side approximately perpendicular or oblique and thereby follow the surface extension of the insulating layer. The ends of the channels are open to the environment. The channels are used to remove unwanted moisture from the insulation. The resulting duct system has no connection to the interior of the building.
  • a structure for improved room-by-room ventilation of buildings is known. It is a system for preheating the supply air for the ventilation of buildings.
  • two insulating layers are provided, wherein in the inner insulating layer a comb profile is milled. By laying the next layer of insulation channels are formed. In both layers of insulation in each case a connection between the aforementioned channels and the channels facing away from the sides of the two insulating layers is present.
  • a structure is formed, which can be applied to the outside of the outer wall of a building and can flow through the air into the building.
  • the purpose of this design is to supply a portion of the transmission heat losses to the supply air to preheat the supply air in this manner.
  • Object of the present invention is to provide an improved system for thermal insulation and ventilation of a building.
  • a particular plate-shaped element for thermal insulation of a building is proposed, which is provided for application to an outer wall of a building, wherein the element has channels that can serve as ventilation channels.
  • the element will be a plate-shaped element which is to be applied to a flat wall.
  • the element could also be round if it had to be applied to a round wall, for example.
  • the element is characterized by the fact that the channels are surrounded on all sides by the element, except for edge regions. That is, the channels are inside the elements and not at the edge. Consequently, the channels are not partially bounded by the outer wall.
  • the element can not surround the channels on all sides. Rather, the channels passing through the element are open at the end of an element so that air can flow from one element into the adjacent element.
  • the channels extend in individual regions of the element towards an edge of the element such that, when the element is applied to the outer wall, connections of the channels to the outer wall are formed at desired locations. These are those places where the air should be directed into or out of the building. At these points, a connection of the channels to the outer wall in spite of the aforementioned disadvantages is inevitable.
  • Such an arrangement of the channels has several advantages. Will the channels, as in the state of Technology known, partially surrounded by the outer wall, so the sound that is present in the ventilation ducts, transmitted through the outer wall into the building interior.
  • a particularly preferred embodiment provides that the element is obtainable in that in the manufacture of the one-piece element, the channel is formed by removal of insulating material, without further steps being required. In this case, only so much insulating material is removed that in the region of the channels the heat transfer value is at most 25%, preferably at most 20%, larger than in the remaining area of the plate-shaped component. This provides the channel in a very simple way. The result is correspondingly prefabricated elements that can be processed at the construction site and not specially trained professionals. Due to the limited increase in the heat transfer value, the formation of undesirable thermal bridges is largely avoided.
  • the commonly used insulation material is thick enough that by removing insulation material in the areas in which the desired ventilation ducts are to be arranged, the increase of the heat transfer value remains within the stated, reasonable limits.
  • a suitable building material for the plate-shaped element is a polystyrene foam board.
  • Such polystyrene foam boards are known as thermal insulation elements and have good properties for thermal insulation and sound insulation. In addition, they are easy to process.
  • a particularly simple and thus inexpensive way to form the channel is the cutting out of the insulating material with a hot wire. This is field-tested especially in polystyrene rigid foam plates. It is a relatively inexpensive method, which is known in the art.
  • the walls of the channels can be designed sound-absorbing and / or sound-insulating.
  • the channel walls holes in the insulating material with a diameter of 1 to 2 mm and a depth of about 10 to 12 mm. This creates a microperforated absorber which, as is known, has a sound-damping effect.
  • the channel is substantially rectangular, with the width of the channel is about 10 times as large the depth. Of course, this does not depend on an exact rectangular shape. What is important is simply the fact that the depth of the channel is decisive for increasing the heat transmission value in the region of the channel. In order to optimize the total thermal insulation properties of the channel, it is better if in some areas the thermal transmittance value is slightly higher than having to accept a significant increase in smaller areas. It is therefore better to form the channels significantly wider than deep.
  • One favorable dimension for the width of the channel is about 30 cm. If one follows the given ratio of width and depth, this would correspond to a depth of about 3 cm.
  • the thickness of the element should be at least 10 cm. This ensures that even in the area in which the channels are located, the heat transfer value is sufficiently low.
  • the element has connecting devices which are arranged so that a plurality of elements can be connected in such a way that a desired channel system is formed.
  • the elements may have recesses and mutually matched counterparts, such as grooves and springs corresponding to the edges, so that even non-specialized personnel will put the elements together in a suitable manner. This can be avoided errors during installation.
  • thermal insulation system for a building.
  • openings are to be attached, which connect the building interior with the channel system through which the air flows in the plate-shaped elements.
  • the channels in the plate-shaped elements form just that channel system.
  • the elements can be made simply by forming the channels by removing insulating material from a one-piece element.
  • a commercially available polystyrene foam board can be used, from which the insulating material can be easily removed with a hot wire.
  • FIG. 1a an existing outer wall 1 is shown, as known and common in the art. If you want to improve the often poor thermal insulation you can, as in FIG. 1b shown outside a thermal insulation element 2 from a good 10 cm thick polystyrene - foam plate apply.
  • FIG. 2a is a thermally renovated exterior wall 1 with a ventilation duct 3 shown in vertical section. It can be seen that the ventilation duct 3 is located in the middle of the thermal insulation 2 and expands from bottom to top. At selected points 4, the ventilation duct extends to the edge of the rigid foam plate. At these points 4, the outer wall has an opening 5, so that the air from the ventilation duct 3 in flow into the respective room of the building or can flow out of the room accordingly.
  • FIG. 2b a horizontal section is shown, so that the width of the ventilation duct 3 can be seen. From the further cut in Figure 2c shows that the ventilation ducts 3 have a circular cross-section.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Architecture (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Acoustics & Sound (AREA)
  • Building Environments (AREA)
  • Rigid Pipes And Flexible Pipes (AREA)
  • Thermal Insulation (AREA)
  • Ventilation (AREA)
  • Duct Arrangements (AREA)

Abstract

An element for thermal insulation of a building, which is provided for attachment to an exterior wall of the building on the outside. The element includes at least one duct which is surrounded by portions of the element on all sides except for in edge areas of the element. In one or more individual areas of the element the at least one duct extends towards an edge of the element such that, when the element is attached to the exterior wall, at least one connection of the at least one duct to the exterior wall is formed at at least one desired location, through which air can be guided into the building or out of the building.

Description

Technisches GebietTechnical area

Die Erfindung betrifft ein Element zur Wärmedämmung eines Gebäudes.The invention relates to an element for thermal insulation of a building.

Stand der TechnikState of the art

In vielen Fällen erfolgt die Wärmedämmung eines Gebäudes dadurch, dass auf der Außenwand des Gebäudes Wärmedämmelemente angebracht werden. Dies kann häufig auch nachträglich erfolgen. So erfolgt die wärmetechnische Sanierung von Außenwänden in der Regel mit Wärmedämmverbundsystemen, die eine auf der Außenwand außenseitig angebrachte Wärmedämmung in Form von Polystyrol-Hartschaumplatten aufweist. Im Zuge der wärmetechnischen Sanierung eines Gebäudes ist es oft sinnvoll, nicht nur die Dämmung der Wände zu verbessern, sondern auch eine geregelte Belüftung vorzusehen. Hierzu erforderliche zentrale Lüftungsanlagen lassen sich im Gebäudebestand aufgrund der meist vorliegenden geringen Raumhöhen und des enormen Platzbedarfs von Lüftungskanälen oft nicht realisieren. Somit können die Lüftungswärmeverluste nicht ebenso effizient wie die Transmissionswärmeverluste gemindert werden. Eine nachträgliche Unterbringung von Lüftungsanlagen kann sinnvoll nur bei Gebäuden mit hohen Geschoßhöhen erfolgen. Hier werden Unterdecken eingezogen, in denen die Lüftungskanäle untergebracht werden. Bei den nach dem Kriege entstandenen Gebäuden sind in der Regel die Geschoßhöhen für das nachträgliche Einziehen von Unterdecken nicht ausreichend. Dort können bislang nur dezentrale Systeme realisiert werden, die eine raumweise Versorgung der Räume mit Frischluft ermöglichen. Der Wärmetauscher-Wirkungsgrad solcher Systeme ist jedoch deutlich geringer als der Wirkungsgrad zentraler Systeme. Auch ist die Lüftungseffizienz geringer. Solche dezentralen Systeme sind auch teurer. Grund hierfür ist unter anderem, dass eine Vielzahl von Ventilatoren erforderlich ist. Ein Ansatzpunkt, der sich insbesondere für den nachträglichen Einbau zentraler Lüftungsanlagen eignet, ist die Unterbringung von Lüftungskanälen in der Außendämmung. Wenn im Zuge der wärmetechnischen Sanierung eines Gebäudes auf der Außenseite der Außenwand eine Wärmedämmung angebracht wird, können in dieser Lüftungskanäle für ein zentrales Belüftungssystem untergebracht werden. Vereinzelt werden hierzu metallische Wickelfalzrohre in vor Ort angebrachte Aussparungen in der Außendämmung eingesetzt. Für den Innenbereich von Gebäuden werden Lüftungskanäle aus Polystyrol-Hartschaum mit kreisförmigem Innen- und quadratischem Außenquerschnitt angeboten. Geeignet gefertigte Außendämmstoffplatten mit integrierten Lüftungskanälen und geforderten Schalldämpfungseigenschaften existieren bislang nicht. Aus der JP 2004-060288 A2 ist ein Wärmeisolator bekannt, der in einzelnen Bereichen einen Hohlkanal aufweist, durch den für die Belüftung erforderliche Luft fließen kann. Dieser Hohlkanal wird dadurch gebildet, dass der im Allgemeinen dickere Wärmeisolator in ausgewählten Bereichen nur aus einem dünnen Metallisolator besteht. Damit ist das Isolationselement in diesem Bereich dünner. Bringt man das Isolationselement auf die Außenwand, so bildet sich zwischen dem Metallisolator und der Außenwand der besagte Lüftungskanal aus.In many cases, the thermal insulation of a building takes place by the fact that on the outer wall of the building heat insulation elements are attached. This can often be done later. Thus, the thermal renovation of exterior walls is usually done with thermal insulation systems, which has a outside wall mounted on the outside thermal insulation in the form of polystyrene foam boards. As part of the thermal renovation of a building, it is often useful not only to improve the insulation of the walls, but also provide a regulated ventilation. This required central ventilation systems can often not be realized in the building stock due to the usually present low room heights and the enormous space requirement of ventilation ducts. Thus, the ventilation heat losses can not be reduced as efficiently as the transmission heat losses. A subsequent accommodation of ventilation systems can be made sense only for buildings with high storey heights. Here, suspended ceilings are pulled in, in which the ventilation ducts are housed. As a rule, the storey heights for the subsequent retraction of suspended ceilings are not sufficient for the buildings that were built after the war. So far only decentralized systems can be realized there, which allow room-by-room supply of the rooms with fresh air. However, the heat exchanger efficiency of such systems is significantly lower than the efficiency of central systems. Also, the ventilation efficiency is lower. Such decentralized systems are also more expensive. One of the reasons for this is that a large number of fans is required. A starting point, which is particularly suitable for retrofitting central ventilation systems, is the placement of ventilation ducts in the external insulation. If heat insulation is applied to the outside of the exterior wall as part of the thermal renovation of a building, then ventilation ducts for a central ventilation system can be accommodated in these ventilation ducts. Sporadically, metallic spiral ducts are used in on-site recesses in the external insulation. For the interior of buildings ventilation ducts made of polystyrene foam with circular inner and square outer cross-section are offered. Appropriately manufactured external insulation panels with integrated ventilation ducts and required soundproofing properties do not yet exist. From the JP 2004-060288 A2 a heat insulator is known which has a hollow channel in individual areas, through which air required for the ventilation can flow. This hollow channel is formed by the fact that the generally thicker heat insulator in selected areas consists only of a thin metal insulator. Thus, the insulation element is thinner in this area. Bringing the insulation element on the outer wall, so formed between the metal insulator and the outer wall of said ventilation duct.

Aus der DE 36 18 457 ist eine Wärmeisolierfassade bekannt mit einer an der Außenseite der zu schützenden Bauwerkswand angeordneten Isolierschicht, die aus Isolierplatten besteht. Zur Abdeckung nach außen dient eine Abdecksicht, insbesondere eine Putzschicht. In den Isolierplatten, sind Kanäle vorgesehen, welche nebeneinander annähernd lotrecht oder schräg verlaufen und dabei der Flächenerstreckung der Isolierschicht folgen. Die Enden der Kanäle sind zur Umgebung offen. Die Kanäle dienen der Abfuhr von unerwünschter Feuchtigkeit aus der Isolierung. Das sich ergebende Kanalsystem weist keine Verbindung zum Innenraum des Gebäudes auf.From the DE 36 18 457 is a Wärmeisolierfassade known with a arranged on the outside of the building wall to be protected insulating layer, which consists of insulating. To cover to the outside is a cover, in particular a plaster layer. In the insulating panels, Channels are provided which side by side approximately perpendicular or oblique and thereby follow the surface extension of the insulating layer. The ends of the channels are open to the environment. The channels are used to remove unwanted moisture from the insulation. The resulting duct system has no connection to the interior of the building.

Aus der FR 2 522 121 A ist eine Aufbau zur verbesserten raumweisen Belüftung von Gebäuden bekannt. Es handelt sich um ein System zur Vorwärmung der Zuluft für die Belüftung von Gebäuden. Dazu werden zwei Dämmschichten vorgesehen, wobei in die innere Dämmschicht ein Kammprofil eingefräst ist. Durch das Auflegen der nächsten Dämmschicht werden Kanäle gebildet. In beiden Dämmschichten ist jeweils eine Verbindung zwischen den vorgenannten Kanälen und den den Kanälen abgewandten Seiten der beiden Dämmschichten vorhanden. Somit wird ein Aufbau gebildet, der auf die Außenseite der Außenwand eines Gebäudes aufgebracht werden kann und durch den Luft in das Gebäude strömen kann. Zweck dieses Aufbaus ist es, einen Teil der Transmissionswärmeverluste der Zuluft zuzuführen, um die Zuluft auf diese Art und Weise vorzuwärmen. Dieses Dokument offenbart alle Merkmale de Oberbegriffs von Anspruch 1.From the FR 2 522 121 A a structure for improved room-by-room ventilation of buildings is known. It is a system for preheating the supply air for the ventilation of buildings. For this purpose, two insulating layers are provided, wherein in the inner insulating layer a comb profile is milled. By laying the next layer of insulation channels are formed. In both layers of insulation in each case a connection between the aforementioned channels and the channels facing away from the sides of the two insulating layers is present. Thus, a structure is formed, which can be applied to the outside of the outer wall of a building and can flow through the air into the building. The purpose of this design is to supply a portion of the transmission heat losses to the supply air to preheat the supply air in this manner. This document discloses all the features of the preamble of claim 1.

Aufgabe der vorliegenden Erfindung ist es, ein verbessertes System zur Wärmedämmung und Belüftung eines Gebäudes anzugeben. Hierzu wird ein insbesondere plattenförmiges Element zur Wärmedämmung eines Gebäudes vorgeschlagen, das zum Aufbringen auf eine Außenwand eines Gebäudes vorgesehen ist, wobei das Element Kanäle aufweist, die als Belüftungskanäle dienen können. In der Regel wird es sich um ein plattenförmiges Element handeln, das auf eine ebene Wand aufzubringen ist. Des Element könnte aber beispielsweise auch rund sein, wenn es etwa auf eine runde Wand aufgebracht werden muss. Das Element zeichnet sich dadurch aus, dass die Kanäle abgesehen von Randbereichen allseitig vom Element umgeben sind. Das heißt, die Kanäle befinden sich innerhalb der Elemente und nicht am Rand. Folglich werden die Kanäle nicht teilweise von der Außenwand begrenzt. In den Randbereichen kann das Element selbstverständlich die Kanäle nicht allseitig umgeben. Vielmehr sind die durch das Element verlaufenden Kanäle am Ende eines Elements offen, so dass Luft von einem Element in das benachbarte Element fließen kann. Die Kanäle erstrecken sich in einzelnen Bereichen des Elements so zu einem Rand des Elements hin, dass sich beim Aufbringen des Elements auf die Außenwand an gewünschten Stellen Verbindungen der Kanäle zur Außenwand ausbilden. Dabei handelt es sich um diese Stellen, an denen die Luft in das Gebäude hinein oder aus dem Gebäude heraus geführt werden soll. An diesen Stellen ist eine Verbindung der Kanäle zur Außenwand trotz der vorgenannten Nachteile unvermeidlich. Eine derartige Anordnung der Kanäle hat mehrere Vorteile. Werden die Kanäle, wie im Stand der Technik bekannt, teilweise von der Außenwand umgeben, so wird der Schall, der in den Lüftungskanälen vorhanden ist, durch die Außenwand in das Gebäudeinnere übertragen. Dies ist für die Bewohner oder Benutzer des Gebäudes offensichtlich unangenehm. Der Schall in den Lüftungskanälen kann dabei entweder von Strömungsgeräuschen herrühren oder von den zu belüftenden oder zu entlüftenden Räumen gleichsam mit getragen worden sein. Ferner können aus der Außenwand, insbesondere bei einer neu errichteten Außenwand, unangenehm riechende Gase oder Gasgemische entweichen. Würde der Lüftungskanal direkt an der Außenwand anschließen, so würden diese unangenehm riechenden Gase oder Gasgemische in höherer Konzentration in die Zuluft gelangen können. Die vorgenannten Nachteile werden mit dem erfindungsgemäßen plattenförmigen Element auf einfache Weise vermieden.Object of the present invention is to provide an improved system for thermal insulation and ventilation of a building. For this purpose, a particular plate-shaped element for thermal insulation of a building is proposed, which is provided for application to an outer wall of a building, wherein the element has channels that can serve as ventilation channels. As a rule, it will be a plate-shaped element which is to be applied to a flat wall. For example, the element could also be round if it had to be applied to a round wall, for example. The element is characterized by the fact that the channels are surrounded on all sides by the element, except for edge regions. That is, the channels are inside the elements and not at the edge. Consequently, the channels are not partially bounded by the outer wall. Of course, in the peripheral areas, the element can not surround the channels on all sides. Rather, the channels passing through the element are open at the end of an element so that air can flow from one element into the adjacent element. The channels extend in individual regions of the element towards an edge of the element such that, when the element is applied to the outer wall, connections of the channels to the outer wall are formed at desired locations. These are those places where the air should be directed into or out of the building. At these points, a connection of the channels to the outer wall in spite of the aforementioned disadvantages is inevitable. Such an arrangement of the channels has several advantages. Will the channels, as in the state of Technology known, partially surrounded by the outer wall, so the sound that is present in the ventilation ducts, transmitted through the outer wall into the building interior. This is obviously uncomfortable for the occupants or users of the building. The sound in the ventilation ducts can either be due to flow noise or be carried by the rooms to be ventilated or vented as it were. Furthermore, unpleasant-smelling gases or gas mixtures can escape from the outer wall, in particular in the case of a newly constructed outer wall. If the ventilation duct were to connect directly to the outer wall, then these unpleasant-smelling gases or gas mixtures would be able to reach the supply air in a higher concentration. The aforementioned disadvantages are easily avoided with the plate-shaped element according to the invention.

Eine besonders bevorzugte Ausführungsform sieht vor, dass das Element dadurch erhältlich ist, dass bei der Herstellung des einstückigen Elements der Kanal durch Entfernung von Dämmmaterial gebildet wird, ohne dass weitere Schritte erforderlich sind. Dabei wird nur so viel Dämmmaterial entfernt, dass im Bereich der Kanäle der Wärmedurchlasswert maximal um 25 %, vorzugsweise maximal um 20 %, größer ist als im restlichen Bereich des plattenförmigen Bauelements. Damit wird auf sehr einfache Weise der Kanal bereitgestellt. Es entstehen entsprechend vorgefertigte Elemente, die an der Baustelle auch von nicht speziell ausgebildeten Fachleuten verarbeitet werden können. Durch die begrenzte Erhöhung des Wärmedurchlasswerts wird die Entstehung unerwünschter Wärmebrücken weitgehend vermieden. Das üblicherweise verwendete Dämmmaterial ist dick genug, dass durch Entfernen von Dämmmaterial in den Bereichen, in denen die gewünschten Lüftungskanäle angeordnet sein sollen, die Erhöhung des Wärmedurchlasswerts in den genannten, vertretbaren Grenzen bleibt.A particularly preferred embodiment provides that the element is obtainable in that in the manufacture of the one-piece element, the channel is formed by removal of insulating material, without further steps being required. In this case, only so much insulating material is removed that in the region of the channels the heat transfer value is at most 25%, preferably at most 20%, larger than in the remaining area of the plate-shaped component. This provides the channel in a very simple way. The result is correspondingly prefabricated elements that can be processed at the construction site and not specially trained professionals. Due to the limited increase in the heat transfer value, the formation of undesirable thermal bridges is largely avoided. The commonly used insulation material is thick enough that by removing insulation material in the areas in which the desired ventilation ducts are to be arranged, the increase of the heat transfer value remains within the stated, reasonable limits.

Ein geeigneter Baustoff für das plattenförmige Element ist eine Polystyrol-Hartschaumplatte. Derartige Polystyrol-Hartschaumplatten sind als Wärmedämmelemente bekannt und weisen gute Eigenschaften zur Wärmedämmung und Schalldämmung auf. Außerdem sind sie gut verarbeitbar.A suitable building material for the plate-shaped element is a polystyrene foam board. Such polystyrene foam boards are known as thermal insulation elements and have good properties for thermal insulation and sound insulation. In addition, they are easy to process.

Eine besonders einfache und damit preisgünstige Möglichkeit, den Kanal zu bilden, ist das Ausschneiden des Dämmmaterials mit einem heißen Draht. Dies ist insbesondere in Polystyrol-Hartschaumpiatten praxiserprobt. Es handelt sich dabei um ein relativ kostengünstiges Verfahren, welches im Stand der Technik bekannt ist.A particularly simple and thus inexpensive way to form the channel, is the cutting out of the insulating material with a hot wire. This is field-tested especially in polystyrene rigid foam plates. It is a relatively inexpensive method, which is known in the art.

Um die gewünschte Schalldämpfung und Schalldämmung zu verbessern, können die Wände der Kanäle schalldämpfend und/oder schalldämmend ausgestaltet werden. Hierzu ist es beispielsweise möglich, von den Kanalwänden ausgehende Löcher im Dämmmaterial mit einem Durchmesser von 1 bis 2 mm und einer Tiefe von etwa 10 bis 12 mm vorzusehen. Damit wird ein mikroperforierter Absorber geschaffen, der bekanntlich schalldämpfend wirkt.In order to improve the desired sound attenuation and sound insulation, the walls of the channels can be designed sound-absorbing and / or sound-insulating. For this purpose, it is for example possible to provide outgoing of the channel walls holes in the insulating material with a diameter of 1 to 2 mm and a depth of about 10 to 12 mm. This creates a microperforated absorber which, as is known, has a sound-damping effect.

Um einerseits einen hinreichend großen Querschnitt des Kanals zu erreichen, der die gewünschte Durchströmung ermöglicht, und andererseits die Erhöhung des Wärmedurchlasswerts zu begrenzen, ist es sinnvoll, wenn der Kanal im Wesentlichen rechteckig ist, wobei die Breite des Kanals etwa 10 mal so groß ist wie die Tiefe. Selbstverständlich kommt es hierbei nicht auf eine genaue rechteckige Form an. Wesentlich ist nur der Umstand, dass die Tiefe des Kanals bestimmend ist für die Erhöhung des Wärmedurchlasswerts im Bereich des Kanals. Um insgesamt die Wärmedämmeigenschaften des Kanals zu optimieren, ist es günstiger, wenn in weiteren Bereichen der Wärmedurchlasswert etwas erhöht wird, als eine deutliche Erhöhung in kleineren Bereichen hinnehmen zu müssen. Es ist also günstiger, die Kanäle deutlich breiter als tief auszubilden. Ein günstiges Maß für die Breite des Kanals ist etwa 30 cm. Folgt man dem angegebenen Verhältnis von Breite und Tiefe, würde dies einer Tiefe von etwa 3 cm entsprechen.On the one hand to achieve a sufficiently large cross-section of the channel, which allows the desired flow, and on the other hand to limit the increase in the heat transfer value, it makes sense if the channel is substantially rectangular, with the width of the channel is about 10 times as large the depth. Of course, this does not depend on an exact rectangular shape. What is important is simply the fact that the depth of the channel is decisive for increasing the heat transmission value in the region of the channel. In order to optimize the total thermal insulation properties of the channel, it is better if in some areas the thermal transmittance value is slightly higher than having to accept a significant increase in smaller areas. It is therefore better to form the channels significantly wider than deep. One favorable dimension for the width of the channel is about 30 cm. If one follows the given ratio of width and depth, this would correspond to a depth of about 3 cm.

Sollte sich aus fertigungstechnischen Gründen ein Kanal mit einem annähernd kreisrunden Querschnitt als einfacher herzustellen erweisen, ist dies trotz der oben genannten Vorteile annähernd rechteckiger Kanäle, die sehr viel breiter als tief sind, hinzunehmen.Should a channel with an approximately circular cross section prove to be easier to manufacture for production reasons, this is despite the above-mentioned advantages of approximately rectangular channels, which are much wider than deep, accept.

In jedem Fall sollte die Dicke des Elements mindestens 10 cm betragen. Dies gewährleistet, dass auch in dem Bereich, in dem sich die Kanäle befinden, der Wärmedurchlasswert hinreichend niedrig ist.In any case, the thickness of the element should be at least 10 cm. This ensures that even in the area in which the channels are located, the heat transfer value is sufficiently low.

Bevorzugt weist das Element Verbindungsvorrichtungen auf, welche so angeordnet sind, dass mehrere Elemente so verbindbar sind, dass sich ein gewünschtes Kanalsystem ausbildet. Insbesondere können die Elemente Aussparungen und aufeinander darauf abgestimmte Gegenstücke aufweisen, etwa an den Rändern entsprechende Nuten und Federn, so dass auch nicht spezialisiertes Fachpersonal die Elemente in geeigneter Weise zusammenstecken wird. Damit können Fehler bei der Montage vermieden werden.Preferably, the element has connecting devices which are arranged so that a plurality of elements can be connected in such a way that a desired channel system is formed. In particular, the elements may have recesses and mutually matched counterparts, such as grooves and springs corresponding to the edges, so that even non-specialized personnel will put the elements together in a suitable manner. This can be avoided errors during installation.

Mit einer Vielzahl der oben beschriebenen Elemente lässt sich somit ein Wärmedämmsystem für ein Gebäude ausbilden. Dazu sind in der Außenwand des Gebäudes Öffnungen anzubringen, welche den Gebäudeinnenraum mit dem Kanalsystem verbinden, durch das die Luft in den plattenförmigen Elementen strömt. Die Kanäle in den plattenförmigen Elementen bilden eben jenes Kanalsystem.With a variety of the elements described above can thus form a thermal insulation system for a building. For this purpose, in the outer wall of the building openings are to be attached, which connect the building interior with the channel system through which the air flows in the plate-shaped elements. The channels in the plate-shaped elements form just that channel system.

Gestaltet man die Öffnungen der Außenwand verschließbar, so erreicht man, dass die Belüftung für einzelne Räume nach Bedarf gesteuert werden kann.If you make the openings of the outer wall closable, you can achieve that the ventilation for individual rooms can be controlled as needed.

Die Herstellung eines vorgenannten Elements erfordert wenig Aufwand. So können die Elemente einfach dadurch hergestellt werden, dass die Kanäle durch Entfernung von Dämmmaterial aus einem einstückigen Element gebildet werden. Wie bereits erwähnt kann eine handelsübliche Polystyrol Hartschaumplatte zum Einsatz kommen, aus der das Dämmmaterial mit einem heißen Draht leicht entfernt werden kann.The preparation of an aforementioned element requires little effort. Thus, the elements can be made simply by forming the channels by removing insulating material from a one-piece element. As already mentioned, a commercially available polystyrene foam board can be used, from which the insulating material can be easily removed with a hot wire.

Ausführungsbeispielembodiment

Ohne Einschränkung der Allgemeinheit wird die Erfindung anhand von einem Ausführungsbeispiel nachfolgend näher beschrieben.Without limiting the generality, the invention will be described in more detail below with reference to an exemplary embodiment.

Dabei zeigenShow

Figur 1a:FIG. 1a
eine bestehende Außenwand nach dem Stand der Technikan existing exterior wall according to the prior art
Figur 1 b:FIG. 1 b:
eine nach dem Stand der Technik wärmetechnisch sanierte Außenwanda technically renovated according to the prior art outer wall
Figur 2a:FIG. 2a:
einen Vertikalschnitt einer sanierten Außenwand mit Lüftungskanälena vertical section of a renovated exterior wall with ventilation ducts
Figur 2b:FIG. 2b:
einen Horizontalschnitt einer sanierten Außenwand mit Lüftungskanälena horizontal section of a renovated exterior wall with ventilation ducts
Figur 2c:FIG. 2c:
einen weiteren Schnitt einer sanierten Außenwand mit LüftungskanälenAnother section of a renovated exterior wall with ventilation ducts

In der Figur 1a wird eine bestehende Außenwand 1 gezeigt, wie sie im Stand der Technik bekannt und verbreitet ist. Will man die häufig schlechte Wärmedämmung verbessern kann man, wie in Figur 1b gezeigt, außenseitig ein Wärmedämmelement 2 aus einer gut 10 cm dicken Polystyrol - Hartschaumplatte aufbringen. In Figur 2a ist eine wärmetechnisch sanierte Außenwand 1 mit einem Lüftungskanal 3 im Vertikalschnitt gezeigt. Es ist zu erkennen, dass der Lüftungskanal 3 sich in der Mitte des Wärmedämmetements 2 befindet und sich von unten nach oben ausdehnt. An ausgewählten Stellen 4 erstreckt sich der Lüftungskanal bis an den Rand der Hartschaumplatte. An diesen Stellen 4 weist die Außenwand eine Öffnung 5 auf, so dass die Luft vom Lüftungskanal 3 in den jeweiligen Raum des Gebäudes einströmen oder entsprechend aus dem Raum abströmen kann. In Figur 2b ist ein Horizontalschnitt gezeigt, so dass die Breite des Lüftungskanals 3 erkennbar ist. Aus dem weiteren Schnitt in Figur 2c geht hervor, dass die Lüftungskanäle 3 einen kreisrunden Querschnitt aufweisen.In the FIG. 1a an existing outer wall 1 is shown, as known and common in the art. If you want to improve the often poor thermal insulation you can, as in FIG. 1b shown outside a thermal insulation element 2 from a good 10 cm thick polystyrene - foam plate apply. In FIG. 2a is a thermally renovated exterior wall 1 with a ventilation duct 3 shown in vertical section. It can be seen that the ventilation duct 3 is located in the middle of the thermal insulation 2 and expands from bottom to top. At selected points 4, the ventilation duct extends to the edge of the rigid foam plate. At these points 4, the outer wall has an opening 5, so that the air from the ventilation duct 3 in flow into the respective room of the building or can flow out of the room accordingly. In FIG. 2b a horizontal section is shown, so that the width of the ventilation duct 3 can be seen. From the further cut in Figure 2c shows that the ventilation ducts 3 have a circular cross-section.

BezugszeichenlisteLIST OF REFERENCE NUMBERS

11
Außenwandouter wall
22
Wärmedämmelementthermal insulation element
33
Lüftungskanalventilation duct
44
Erstreckungenextensions
55
AußenwandöffnungenExterior wall openings

Claims (14)

  1. Element, in particular a plate-like element, for the thermal insulation of a building, which element is provided for attachment to an exterior wall (1) of a building on the outside, wherein the element (2) has ducts (3) that can be used as ventilation ducts and are surrounded by the element (2) on all sides apart from in edge areas, wherein in individual areas of the element (2) the ducts (3) extend towards an edge of the element (2) such that, when the element (2) is attached to the exterior wall, connections (4) of the ducts to the exterior wall are formed at desired locations, through which air can be guided into the building or out of the building, characterized in that the ducts are formed that air can flow from one element (2) into an adjacent element (2) along the exterior wall (1) of the building.
  2. Element according to claim 1, characterized in that the element (2) can be obtained in that the duct (3) is formed by the removal of insulating material during the production of the one-piece element (2), without further steps being necessary.
  3. Element according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that in the area of the ducts (3) the thermal transmission value is no more than 25% higher, preferably no more than 20% higher, than in the remaining area of the element (2).
  4. Element according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the element (2) is a polystyrene rigid-foam panel.
  5. Element according to one of claims 2 through 4, characterized in that the duct (3) can be obtained by cutting out the insulating material with a hot wire.
  6. Element according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the walls of the ducts (3) are embodied in a sound-proofing and/or sound damping manner.
  7. Element according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the ducts (3) are essentially rectangular, wherein the width of the ducts (3) is approximately 10 times as large as the depth.
  8. Element according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the width of the ducts (3) is approximately 30 cm.
  9. Element according to one of claims 1 through 6, characterized in that the ducts (3) have an approximately circular cross section.
  10. Element according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the thickness of the element (2) is at least 10 cm.
  11. Element according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that connection devices, in particular recesses and mating parts matched thereto, are present which are arranged such that several elements (2) can be connected such that a desired duct system is produced.
  12. Thermal insulation system for a building formed from a plurality of elements (2) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein openings (5) in the exterior wall (1) of the building are present, which openings connect the interior of the building to the duct system, which is formed by the ducts (3) in the elements (2).
  13. Thermal insulation system according to claim 12, characterized in that the openings (5) in the exterior wall (1) can be closed.
  14. Method for producing an element according to one of claims 1 through 11, characterized in that the ducts (3) are formed by removing insulating material from a one-piece insulation element, in particular a one-piece insulation panel.
EP08758941A 2007-05-31 2008-06-02 Thermal insulation element comprising ventilation channels Not-in-force EP2155979B1 (en)

Priority Applications (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
PL08758941T PL2155979T3 (en) 2007-05-31 2008-06-02 Thermal insulation element comprising ventilation channels
SI200830391T SI2155979T1 (en) 2007-05-31 2008-06-02 Thermal insulation element comprising ventilation channels

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102007025469A DE102007025469A1 (en) 2007-05-31 2007-05-31 Thermal insulation element with ventilation channels
PCT/EP2008/004372 WO2008145402A2 (en) 2007-05-31 2008-06-02 Thermal insulation element comprising ventilation channels

Publications (2)

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EP2155979A2 EP2155979A2 (en) 2010-02-24
EP2155979B1 true EP2155979B1 (en) 2011-09-07

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US (1) US8756887B2 (en)
EP (1) EP2155979B1 (en)
JP (1) JP5197738B2 (en)
CN (1) CN101755097B (en)
AT (1) ATE523643T1 (en)
DE (1) DE102007025469A1 (en)
DK (1) DK2155979T3 (en)
ES (1) ES2369042T3 (en)
HR (1) HRP20110680T1 (en)
PL (1) PL2155979T3 (en)
SI (1) SI2155979T1 (en)
WO (1) WO2008145402A2 (en)

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Also Published As

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WO2008145402A3 (en) 2009-07-30
DK2155979T3 (en) 2011-12-12
JP5197738B2 (en) 2013-05-15
SI2155979T1 (en) 2011-11-30
PL2155979T3 (en) 2011-11-30
JP2010528201A (en) 2010-08-19
HRP20110680T1 (en) 2011-10-31
ES2369042T3 (en) 2011-11-24
US20100175340A1 (en) 2010-07-15
CN101755097B (en) 2012-06-20
CN101755097A (en) 2010-06-23
EP2155979A2 (en) 2010-02-24
US8756887B2 (en) 2014-06-24
DE102007025469A1 (en) 2008-12-11
ATE523643T1 (en) 2011-09-15
WO2008145402A2 (en) 2008-12-04

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