EP2150758A2 - Systeme de secours de refroidissement au co2 - Google Patents
Systeme de secours de refroidissement au co2Info
- Publication number
- EP2150758A2 EP2150758A2 EP08788178A EP08788178A EP2150758A2 EP 2150758 A2 EP2150758 A2 EP 2150758A2 EP 08788178 A EP08788178 A EP 08788178A EP 08788178 A EP08788178 A EP 08788178A EP 2150758 A2 EP2150758 A2 EP 2150758A2
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- evaporator
- circuit
- outlet
- pressure
- cold
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 32
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 31
- 230000008020 evaporation Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 31
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 28
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 230000007257 malfunction Effects 0.000 claims description 14
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000000523 sample Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 238000009423 ventilation Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 235000013305 food Nutrition 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000009529 body temperature measurement Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000010257 thawing Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000004064 dysfunction Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 claims 5
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- 230000001960 triggered effect Effects 0.000 claims 1
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 161
- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 80
- 235000011089 carbon dioxide Nutrition 0.000 description 80
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 description 7
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 description 7
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000012071 phase Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000005057 refrigeration Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 5
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000003111 delayed effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000006870 function Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000013021 overheating Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000004698 Polyethylene Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000013361 beverage Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 230000015556 catabolic process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 2
- -1 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229920000573 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000003507 refrigerant Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000004913 activation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012550 audit Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000033228 biological regulation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229960000074 biopharmaceutical Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000001569 carbon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000295 complement effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001276 controlling effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003814 drug Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000013410 fast food Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000007792 gaseous phase Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007726 management method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002040 relaxant effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008439 repair process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002441 reversible effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000013024 troubleshooting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009834 vaporization Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008016 vaporization Effects 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25D—REFRIGERATORS; COLD ROOMS; ICE-BOXES; COOLING OR FREEZING APPARATUS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F25D16/00—Devices using a combination of a cooling mode associated with refrigerating machinery with a cooling mode not associated with refrigerating machinery
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25D—REFRIGERATORS; COLD ROOMS; ICE-BOXES; COOLING OR FREEZING APPARATUS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F25D29/00—Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices
- F25D29/001—Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices for cryogenic fluid systems
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B2500/00—Problems to be solved
- F25B2500/06—Damage
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25D—REFRIGERATORS; COLD ROOMS; ICE-BOXES; COOLING OR FREEZING APPARATUS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F25D2700/00—Means for sensing or measuring; Sensors therefor
- F25D2700/12—Sensors measuring the inside temperature
Definitions
- the present invention relates to the sites, including the shops, restaurants etc .. requiring the presence of a cold room to preserve food or other perishable products like pharmaceuticals or biologics.
- mechanical cold system commonly means a system for compressing, relaxing, condensing and evaporation of a refrigerant fluid. Evaporation of the refrigerant occurs in an evaporator placed in the cold room.
- the "backup system" proposed by the present invention can also be considered to overcome management errors of the cold room (door remained open, products introduced into the chamber at a temperature too high). high, etc.) which would lead to a thermal load such that the mechanical cold circuit could no longer maintain an ad-hoc conservation temperature.
- the backup system would complement the mechanical cold system to try to maintain the desired temperature. This second case can be nevertheless considered secondary to the primary objectives of the present invention.
- the user site may agree to use such a backup but under conditions that are not only thermally efficient (so that the liquid CO2 can effectively allow the products to be maintained under temperature conditions that are safe for the time that the problem causing the failure is solved) but also trying to save the liquid CO2 that is present on the installation for another use that must be performed also without suffering from this "CO2 deviation" for relief reasons.
- the invention therefore proposes a backup system during failures of the refrigeration system of the cold room, using the CO2 storage already present on the installation for another use, for example already present for the carbonation of beverages.
- a control system allows the activation (manual or automatic) of the backup system and the regulation of the consumption of CO2.
- the system can operate as needed for several hours to maintain the cold room at the desired temperature.
- the backup system then implements a line that starts from the liquid CO2 tank to feed an evaporator placed in the cold room and a vaporized CO2 evacuation (as shown schematically in the attached figure 1 which illustrates the case of a restaurant) .
- the line advantageously comprises a device for regulating the CO2 flow rate and the evaporation pressure as well as safety elements to prevent excessive pressure.
- the system can be regulated / controlled by one or more parameters among in particular:
- liquid CO2 for example temperature inside the chamber, temperature taken in a dummy product present in the chamber, compressor non-operating indicator, compressor suction pressure level indicator, indicator that the system is not in defrost mode when it should, for example, taking into account automatic defrosting phases provided in the operation of the room, a witness to open the door, etc.
- the main cold room comprises a cold battery (evaporator / exchanger) provided with fans; a liquid CO2 evaporation circuit positioned in the cold chamber and comprising an evaporator, which is a second evaporator independent of the evaporator of the mechanical cooling system, a CO 2 supply circuit of the evaporator and a cooling system; evacuation of the CO2 gas that will result from the passage of liquid CO2 in the second evaporator; a system for regulating the CO2 flow supplying this second evaporator; a triggering system in the food ie backup device in CO 2 of the second evaporator in accordance with information taken at the cold room.
- a cold battery evaporator / exchanger
- a liquid CO2 evaporation circuit positioned in the cold chamber and comprising an evaporator, which is a second evaporator independent of the evaporator of the mechanical cooling system, a CO 2 supply circuit of the evaporator and a cooling system
- evacuation of the CO2 gas that will
- the invention thus relates to a cooling device for a user site having at least one cold room for preserving perishable goods or products, cold room cooled by a mechanical cold system, the user site being provided with a storage tank.
- Liquid CO2 used on the site for primary use, the backup device comprising the following:
- a liquid CO2 evaporation circuit positioned in the cold chamber and comprising an evaporator, which is a second evaporator independent of the evaporator of the mechanical cold system; a line which feeds, from said liquid CO 2 reservoir, said second evaporator of the evaporation circuit, in order to carry out the evaporation of the CO 2 and thus to bring about frigories of product audits, the line being provided with a device for controlling the amount of CO2 supplying said second evaporator;
- a data acquisition and processing system able to recover said at least one representative information and to trigger the supply of CO 2 of said second evaporator from said reservoir when the recovered information is representative of a malfunction of the system of mechanical cold.
- this second evaporator has a clean ventilation means allowing the air of the cold room to exchange with the CO2 evaporation circuit.
- said second evaporator does not have a clean ventilation means
- the installation uses the ventilation means specific to the mechanical cooling system (this for advantageous reasons of saving space ).
- the triggering of the emergency system may be manual, for example following the observation by a person of the site of a malfunction (for example a visually controlled temperature, for example still following the hearing of an alarm temperature ...), it will be preferred according to the invention an automatic trigger according to one or more of the factors mentioned above.
- an automatic trigger according to one or more of the factors mentioned above.
- the supply pressure is fixed using an expansion valve, the flow is limited to a given and maximum flow rate; - when the temperature produced is good or the refrigeration unit is no longer in alarm, the supply of the exchanger is stopped using the CO2 backup.
- the CO2 consumption is around 12.5 kg / h at 13 bar.
- a first method implements, according to the appended FIG. 2, an electronic expander which supplies the evaporator to ensure a minimum of overheating at the outlet.
- the backup system is started by opening the solenoid valve V1 which connects the CO2 storage to the CO2 distribution line that feeds the evaporator.
- An electronic valve V2 is controlled by a regulator (R1) to regulate the flow of CO2 in the evaporator.
- the regulator operates the opening of V2 according to the pressure information P (of the CO2 circuit at the inlet of the evaporator) and of the temperature T (of the CO2 circuit at the outlet of the evaporator) so that the temperature T is greater than the CO2 saturation temperature, which is a function of the pressure, of a value between OK and 2OK.
- the regulator ensures that the CO2 output is in gaseous form with a fixed superheat.
- the valve V3 makes it possible to maintain a minimum pressure in the CO2 circuit above 5.2bar (absolute), avoiding the formation of dry ice, pressure preferably between 5.5 bar and 10 bar (absolute).
- the safety valves S which are well distinguished in the figure are arranged along the CO2 circuit to prevent overpressure.
- the heat exchanged at the evaporator vaporizes the CO2, which tends to increase its pressure in the evaporator until at the limit pressure set by the opening of the valve V3.
- the electronic valve controller compares the CO2 temperature at the evaporator outlet with its setpoint temperature (set to maintain overheating) and the saturation temperature at the measured operating pressure P. If the CO2 temperature is higher than the set point, the valve V2 opens a little more to increase the CO2 flow. As a result, the cooling capacity of the evaporator increases and the exit temperature of the CO2 decreases. If the CO2 temperature is lower than the setpoint, reverse actions are initiated. In this way the cooling capacity is regulated indirectly by the state of overheating of the CO2 at the outlet of the evaporator ensuring a good use of the latter.
- a second method (which will now be described in connection with FIG. 3) uses a solenoid valve which opens and closes the CO2 supply of the evaporator as a function of the CO 2 exit temperature.
- a thermostat switches off the evaporator supply when the threshold temperature is reached.
- this solution implements two nested loops.
- the solenoid valve V1 supplies the CO2 evaporation circuit placed in the cold room.
- the CO2 evaporates by absorbing the heat coming from the air in the cold room at a pressure higher than the minimum pressure set by the valve V3.
- This valve is intended to prevent the CO2 from being in solid form in the evaporation circuit by maintaining a pressure greater than a minimum pressure, for example 5.2 bar (absolute), preferably between 5.5 bar and 10 bar (absolute). .
- a temperature sensor T placed on the CO2 circuit at the outlet of the evaporator allows a thermostat to act on the opening of the valve V2 placed at the inlet of the evaporator.
- V2 adjusts the CO2 flow rate in the evaporator so that the temperature at the outlet of the latter is kept close to a fixed set point, preferably between -30 ° C. and -40 ° C.
- the set temperature is set so that the CO2 at the outlet of the evaporator is completely vaporized. If the measured temperature is higher than that of the setpoint, the solenoid valve opens allowing the liquid CO2 to feed the evaporator. The cooling capacity available increases leading to decrease the CO2 output temperature. If the measured temperature is lower than that of the setpoint, the inverse actions are initiated.
- valve V2 An alternative to the valve V2 is to use a thermostatic expansion valve that regulates the flow of CO2 at the inlet of the evaporator according to a fixed pressure and a fixed superheat.
- a thermostatic expansion valve that regulates the flow of CO2 at the inlet of the evaporator according to a fixed pressure and a fixed superheat.
- a third method (which will be described in conjunction with Figure 4), implements a constant cooling capacity.
- CO2 injection is via a solenoid valve (2).
- the room thermostat (3) in the chamber controls the solenoid valve (2) and the evaporator fan (this is delayed when stopped).
- a calibrated orifice (4) located at the evaporator outlet makes it possible to obtain a controlled flow rate of CO2 as a function of the pressure in the reservoir. Positioning it at the outlet of the exchanger makes it possible to limit the flow rate on a gaseous phase and to overcome the fluid inlet conditions in the evaporator (problem of limitation of flow on a fluid in two-phase at a low flow rate ). The flow is directly related to the tank pressure.
- An overflow (5) maintains the pressure in the evaporator and in the circuit at a pressure greater than that of the triple bridge of CO2.
- the solenoid valve (2) closes, the pressure drops in the evaporator (as well as the temperature) up to the regulator pressure.
- the evaporation pressure in the evaporator corresponds to the storage pressure, the valves of which are conventionally regulated at around 13.6 bars (temperature of about -30 ° C.).
- this solution is technically simple, uses conventional equipment, it limits the flow of CO2 flowing in the evaporator and therefore to know the autonomy. This method does not control the heat exchange in the evaporator. In case it (icing, ventilation impossible because of obstacles left unintentionally ..., etc.) does not allow the vaporization of CO2 can be obtained a two-phase mixture to the calibrated orifice.
- the figure also shows a safety solenoid valve (1) and safety valves (6) to protect the CO2 circuit, as well as a control box for the electrical part.
- a safety solenoid valve (1) and safety valves (6) to protect the CO2 circuit, as well as a control box for the electrical part.
- the CO2 is then sent from the emergency storage via the solenoid valve (2), which by means of a fixed flow rate guarantees a minimum of autonomy If the temperature of the cold room is restored or if one of the two aforementioned alarms disappears, the injection of CO 2 is stopped.
- a fourth method (described below with reference to FIG. 5) implements a variable cooling capacity.
- CO 2 injection is via a solenoid valve (2).
- the room thermostat (3) in the chamber controls the solenoid valve and the evaporator fan (this is delayed when stopped).
- a pressure regulator (6) maintains a given evaporation pressure in the evaporator, for example 8 bar. If the pressure in the tank is lower than the regulator setting pressure, it remains open.
- a temperature sensor (5) located at the evaporator outlet makes it possible to regulate the CO2 at a constant temperature. It is desired to ensure that the CO2 sent into it is completely evaporated (avoid in case of poor ventilation of the evaporator, that it may be necessary to evacuate to the outside at the gas outlet a two-phase mixture).
- An overflow (7) maintains the pressure in the exchanger and in the circuit at a pressure greater than that of the triple bridge of CO2. In case the tank reaches the pressure set at the overflow it prevents the injection of CO 2 .
- This embodiment uses a safety solenoid valve (1) and safety valves (8) to protect the CO2 circuit a control box for the electrical part.
- a safety solenoid valve (1) and safety valves (8) to protect the CO2 circuit a control box for the electrical part.
- the chamber is perceived to be in fault (for example by the temperature of a dummy product (9)) placed in a polyethylene block, for example in combination with other alarm information related to the operation of the refrigeration plant (10))
- it then triggers the sending of CO2 from the emergency storage, under controlled conditions not to waste CO2 unnecessarily. If the temperature of the cold room falls below a threshold or if one of the two alarms mentioned above disappears, the injection of CO2 is stopped.
- a fifth method (described below with reference to FIG. 6) is in a way the combination of the two previous solutions. That is to say, implement a variable cooling capacity to optimize the heat exchange in the evaporator and have a constant flow.
- CO2 injection is via a solenoid valve (2).
- the room thermostat (3) inside the cold room controls the solenoid valve (2) and the evaporator fan (the latter is delayed when stopped).
- a pressure regulator (6) maintains a given evaporation pressure in the evaporator, for example 8 bar.
- a temperature probe (5) located at the evaporator outlet makes it possible to maintain the CO 2 temperature at the evaporator outlet and to overcome any heat exchange problem related to the conditions in which the evaporator is located (obstacles in the evaporator). the chamber preventing good ventilation, icing of the exchanger etc.).
- the temperature chosen at the outlet of the exchanger makes it possible to always be in the gas phase.
- the calibrated orifice (8) allows a controlled and limited flow of CO2.
- An overflow (7) maintains the pressure in the exchanger and in the circuit at a pressure greater than that of the triple bridge of CO2. In case the tank reaches the pressure set at the overflow it will prevent CO2 injection.
- a safety solenoid valve (1) and safety valves (9) are also used here to protect the CO2 circuit as well as a control box for the electrical part.
- the CO2 is then sent from the emergency storage, under controlled conditions so as not to waste CO2 unnecessarily and to obtain a fixed flow rate, conditions that guarantee a minimum of autonomy.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Devices That Are Associated With Refrigeration Equipment (AREA)
- Freezing, Cooling And Drying Of Foods (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
FR0754680A FR2915559B1 (fr) | 2007-04-25 | 2007-04-25 | Systeme de secours de refroidissement au co2 |
PCT/FR2008/050660 WO2008142341A2 (fr) | 2007-04-25 | 2008-04-14 | Systeme de secours de refroidissement au co2 |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP2150758A2 true EP2150758A2 (fr) | 2010-02-10 |
EP2150758B1 EP2150758B1 (fr) | 2019-01-23 |
Family
ID=38896611
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP08788178.5A Active EP2150758B1 (fr) | 2007-04-25 | 2008-04-14 | Système de secours de refroidissement au co2 |
Country Status (5)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP2150758B1 (fr) |
ES (1) | ES2713490T3 (fr) |
FR (1) | FR2915559B1 (fr) |
PT (1) | PT2150758T (fr) |
WO (1) | WO2008142341A2 (fr) |
Families Citing this family (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN107091550A (zh) * | 2016-02-18 | 2017-08-25 | 顺丰速运有限公司 | 存储库系统、存储库制冷方法和存储库装置 |
GB201604012D0 (en) * | 2016-03-08 | 2016-04-20 | Gah Refridgeration Ltd | Refridgeration system and method |
Family Cites Families (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US4060400A (en) * | 1975-08-22 | 1977-11-29 | Henry L. Franke | Refrigerated semitrailer truck for long and local deliveries |
US6751966B2 (en) * | 2001-05-25 | 2004-06-22 | Thermo King Corporation | Hybrid temperature control system |
FR2886719B1 (fr) * | 2005-06-02 | 2007-08-10 | Air Liquide | Procede de refrigeration d'une charge thermique |
-
2007
- 2007-04-25 FR FR0754680A patent/FR2915559B1/fr active Active
-
2008
- 2008-04-14 EP EP08788178.5A patent/EP2150758B1/fr active Active
- 2008-04-14 WO PCT/FR2008/050660 patent/WO2008142341A2/fr active Application Filing
- 2008-04-14 ES ES08788178T patent/ES2713490T3/es active Active
- 2008-04-14 PT PT08788178T patent/PT2150758T/pt unknown
Non-Patent Citations (1)
Title |
---|
See references of WO2008142341A2 * |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
WO2008142341A2 (fr) | 2008-11-27 |
WO2008142341A3 (fr) | 2009-04-02 |
PT2150758T (pt) | 2019-03-21 |
EP2150758B1 (fr) | 2019-01-23 |
ES2713490T3 (es) | 2019-05-22 |
FR2915559A1 (fr) | 2008-10-31 |
FR2915559B1 (fr) | 2012-10-26 |
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