EP2150380A2 - Durch eine unter druck stehende unkomprimierbare flüssigkeit betätigte schlagvorrichtung - Google Patents

Durch eine unter druck stehende unkomprimierbare flüssigkeit betätigte schlagvorrichtung

Info

Publication number
EP2150380A2
EP2150380A2 EP08805823A EP08805823A EP2150380A2 EP 2150380 A2 EP2150380 A2 EP 2150380A2 EP 08805823 A EP08805823 A EP 08805823A EP 08805823 A EP08805823 A EP 08805823A EP 2150380 A2 EP2150380 A2 EP 2150380A2
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
chamber
calibrated orifice
supply circuit
fluid supply
slide
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP08805823A
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP2150380B1 (de
Inventor
Bernard Piras
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Montabert SAS
Original Assignee
Montabert SAS
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Montabert SAS filed Critical Montabert SAS
Publication of EP2150380A2 publication Critical patent/EP2150380A2/de
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP2150380B1 publication Critical patent/EP2150380B1/de
Not-in-force legal-status Critical Current
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

Links

Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B25—HAND TOOLS; PORTABLE POWER-DRIVEN TOOLS; MANIPULATORS
    • B25D—PERCUSSIVE TOOLS
    • B25D9/00—Portable percussive tools with fluid-pressure drive, i.e. driven directly by fluids, e.g. having several percussive tool bits operated simultaneously
    • B25D9/06—Means for driving the impulse member
    • B25D9/12—Means for driving the impulse member comprising a built-in liquid motor, i.e. the tool being driven by hydraulic pressure
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B25—HAND TOOLS; PORTABLE POWER-DRIVEN TOOLS; MANIPULATORS
    • B25D—PERCUSSIVE TOOLS
    • B25D9/00—Portable percussive tools with fluid-pressure drive, i.e. driven directly by fluids, e.g. having several percussive tool bits operated simultaneously
    • B25D9/02—Portable percussive tools with fluid-pressure drive, i.e. driven directly by fluids, e.g. having several percussive tool bits operated simultaneously of the tool-carrier piston type, i.e. in which the tool is connected to an impulse member
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B25—HAND TOOLS; PORTABLE POWER-DRIVEN TOOLS; MANIPULATORS
    • B25D—PERCUSSIVE TOOLS
    • B25D9/00—Portable percussive tools with fluid-pressure drive, i.e. driven directly by fluids, e.g. having several percussive tool bits operated simultaneously
    • B25D9/14—Control devices for the reciprocating piston
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02F—DREDGING; SOIL-SHIFTING
    • E02F3/00—Dredgers; Soil-shifting machines
    • E02F3/04—Dredgers; Soil-shifting machines mechanically-driven
    • E02F3/96—Dredgers; Soil-shifting machines mechanically-driven with arrangements for alternate or simultaneous use of different digging elements
    • E02F3/966—Dredgers; Soil-shifting machines mechanically-driven with arrangements for alternate or simultaneous use of different digging elements of hammer-type tools
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02F—DREDGING; SOIL-SHIFTING
    • E02F9/00—Component parts of dredgers or soil-shifting machines, not restricted to one of the kinds covered by groups E02F3/00 - E02F7/00
    • E02F9/20—Drives; Control devices
    • E02F9/22—Hydraulic or pneumatic drives
    • E02F9/2217—Hydraulic or pneumatic drives with energy recovery arrangements, e.g. using accumulators, flywheels
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02F—DREDGING; SOIL-SHIFTING
    • E02F9/00—Component parts of dredgers or soil-shifting machines, not restricted to one of the kinds covered by groups E02F3/00 - E02F7/00
    • E02F9/20—Drives; Control devices
    • E02F9/22—Hydraulic or pneumatic drives
    • E02F9/226—Safety arrangements, e.g. hydraulic driven fans, preventing cavitation, leakage, overheating
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F15—FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS; HYDRAULICS OR PNEUMATICS IN GENERAL
    • F15B—SYSTEMS ACTING BY MEANS OF FLUIDS IN GENERAL; FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS, e.g. SERVOMOTORS; DETAILS OF FLUID-PRESSURE SYSTEMS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F15B11/00—Servomotor systems without provision for follow-up action; Circuits therefor
    • F15B11/02—Systems essentially incorporating special features for controlling the speed or actuating force of an output member
    • F15B11/04—Systems essentially incorporating special features for controlling the speed or actuating force of an output member for controlling the speed
    • F15B11/042—Systems essentially incorporating special features for controlling the speed or actuating force of an output member for controlling the speed by means in the feed line, i.e. "meter in"
    • F15B11/0423—Systems essentially incorporating special features for controlling the speed or actuating force of an output member for controlling the speed by means in the feed line, i.e. "meter in" by controlling pump output or bypass, other than to maintain constant speed
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F15—FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS; HYDRAULICS OR PNEUMATICS IN GENERAL
    • F15B—SYSTEMS ACTING BY MEANS OF FLUIDS IN GENERAL; FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS, e.g. SERVOMOTORS; DETAILS OF FLUID-PRESSURE SYSTEMS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F15B11/00—Servomotor systems without provision for follow-up action; Circuits therefor
    • F15B11/02—Systems essentially incorporating special features for controlling the speed or actuating force of an output member
    • F15B11/04—Systems essentially incorporating special features for controlling the speed or actuating force of an output member for controlling the speed
    • F15B11/05—Systems essentially incorporating special features for controlling the speed or actuating force of an output member for controlling the speed specially adapted to maintain constant speed, e.g. pressure-compensated, load-responsive
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B25—HAND TOOLS; PORTABLE POWER-DRIVEN TOOLS; MANIPULATORS
    • B25D—PERCUSSIVE TOOLS
    • B25D2250/00—General details of portable percussive tools; Components used in portable percussive tools
    • B25D2250/125—Hydraulic tool components
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B25—HAND TOOLS; PORTABLE POWER-DRIVEN TOOLS; MANIPULATORS
    • B25D—PERCUSSIVE TOOLS
    • B25D2250/00—General details of portable percussive tools; Components used in portable percussive tools
    • B25D2250/195—Regulation means
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F15—FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS; HYDRAULICS OR PNEUMATICS IN GENERAL
    • F15B—SYSTEMS ACTING BY MEANS OF FLUIDS IN GENERAL; FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS, e.g. SERVOMOTORS; DETAILS OF FLUID-PRESSURE SYSTEMS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F15B2211/00—Circuits for servomotor systems
    • F15B2211/40—Flow control
    • F15B2211/41—Flow control characterised by the positions of the valve element
    • F15B2211/413—Flow control characterised by the positions of the valve element the positions being continuously variable, e.g. as realised by proportional valves
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F15—FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS; HYDRAULICS OR PNEUMATICS IN GENERAL
    • F15B—SYSTEMS ACTING BY MEANS OF FLUIDS IN GENERAL; FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS, e.g. SERVOMOTORS; DETAILS OF FLUID-PRESSURE SYSTEMS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F15B2211/00—Circuits for servomotor systems
    • F15B2211/40—Flow control
    • F15B2211/42—Flow control characterised by the type of actuation
    • F15B2211/428—Flow control characterised by the type of actuation actuated by fluid pressure
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F15—FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS; HYDRAULICS OR PNEUMATICS IN GENERAL
    • F15B—SYSTEMS ACTING BY MEANS OF FLUIDS IN GENERAL; FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS, e.g. SERVOMOTORS; DETAILS OF FLUID-PRESSURE SYSTEMS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F15B2211/00—Circuits for servomotor systems
    • F15B2211/40—Flow control
    • F15B2211/45—Control of bleed-off flow, e.g. control of bypass flow to the return line
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F15—FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS; HYDRAULICS OR PNEUMATICS IN GENERAL
    • F15B—SYSTEMS ACTING BY MEANS OF FLUIDS IN GENERAL; FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS, e.g. SERVOMOTORS; DETAILS OF FLUID-PRESSURE SYSTEMS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F15B2211/00—Circuits for servomotor systems
    • F15B2211/50—Pressure control
    • F15B2211/505—Pressure control characterised by the type of pressure control means
    • F15B2211/50509—Pressure control characterised by the type of pressure control means the pressure control means controlling a pressure upstream of the pressure control means
    • F15B2211/50536—Pressure control characterised by the type of pressure control means the pressure control means controlling a pressure upstream of the pressure control means using unloading valves controlling the supply pressure by diverting fluid to the return line

Definitions

  • Percussion apparatus driven by an incompressible fluid under pressure.
  • the present invention relates to a percussion apparatus driven by an incompressible fluid under pressure.
  • Percussion devices driven by an incompressible fluid under pressure are supplied with fluid, so that the resultant hydraulic forces successively applied to the striking piston, moves it alternately in one direction and then in the other.
  • these devices are designed to operate with a fluid whose pressure is induced by the internal resistance of the device or regulated in a range of feed rate chosen during the design of the device.
  • This type of hydraulic machine comprises, in known manner, a selector located in the cabin thereof to select the type of device to supply fluid.
  • this type of carrier vehicle does not generally include keying upstream of these different accessories, it is possible to accidentally over feed a percussion device mounted on the carrier, and thus to damage the latter.
  • the present invention relates to a percussion apparatus driven by an incompressible fluid under pressure, the fluid supply of which is carried out by a high pressure fluid supply circuit and a low pressure return circuit, characterized in that the body of the apparatus comprises a flow control device, the flow control device comprising a first calibrated orifice located on the high-pressure fluid supply circuit, a bore formed in the body of the apparatus and in which is mounted a spool of which a first face is located in a first chamber connected to the high pressure fluid supply circuit upstream of the first calibrated orifice and the second face is located in a second chamber connected to the high pressure fluid supply circuit downstream of the first calibrated orifice, the bore receiving the slide of the regulating device comprising an annular groove connected to the circ the return of the percussion apparatus, and in that the control device slide is arranged to connect the annular groove to the first chamber
  • the configuration of the flow control device and the annular groove makes it possible to limit the flow rate of pressurized fluid that can circulate inside the percussion apparatus to a predetermined value, and thus to avoid accidental over-feeds. of the last.
  • the slide of the flow control device is arranged to deviate, to the return circuit, the excess flow rate supplied by the high-pressure fluid supply circuit with respect to the flow rate value. predetermined.
  • the flow control device makes it possible to send automatically to the return circuit of the apparatus the excess flow rate with respect to a predetermined flow rate value.
  • the first and second chambers are respectively connected to the high pressure fluid supply circuit on either side of the first orifice calibrated by first and second connecting channels.
  • the regulating device comprises a second calibrated orifice situated on the second connecting channel.
  • the bore of the slide of the regulating device is located on the high-pressure fluid supply circuit, and the first calibrated orifice is formed in the body of the slide of the regulating device.
  • the first face of the regulator slide is constantly subjected to the pressure upstream of the first calibrated orifice, whereas the second face of the regulator slide is constantly subjected to the action of a spring and the pressure downstream of the first calibrated orifice.
  • the annular groove is connected to the first chamber when the pressure difference on either side of the first calibrated orifice is greater than the pressure exerted by the spring on the second face of the slide.
  • the spool of the regulating device and the bore in which the spool is mounted comprise several different successive sections, the spool and the bore delimiting an annular chamber which is antagonistic to the first chamber and connected to the second chamber by a calibrated orifice.
  • the drawer of the regulating device and the bore in which the drawer is mounted comprise a plurality of different successive sections, the drawer and the bore delimiting an annular chamber which is antagonistic to the second chamber and connected to the circuit. supplying high pressure fluid upstream of the first chamber, through a calibrated orifice.
  • Figure 1 shows a schematic longitudinal sectional view of a first percussion apparatus.
  • Figure 2 shows a longitudinal sectional view of a second percussion apparatus.
  • FIG. 3 shows a longitudinal sectional view of a variant of the apparatus shown in FIG.
  • Figure 4 shows a longitudinal sectional view of a third percussion apparatus.
  • Figure 5 shows a longitudinal sectional view of a variant of the apparatus shown in Figure 4.
  • Figure 6 shows a longitudinal sectional view of a fourth percussion apparatus.
  • FIG. 1 represents a percussion apparatus driven by an incompressible fluid under pressure.
  • the percussion apparatus comprises a stage piston 1 alternately movable inside a stage cylinder 2 formed in the body 3 of the apparatus, and coming to strike each cycle a tool 4 slidably mounted in a bore 5 arranged in the body 3 coaxially with the cylinder 2.
  • the piston 1 defines with the cylinder 2 a low annular chamber 6 and a higher chamber 7 of larger section formed above the piston 1.
  • a main distributor 8 mounted in the body 3 makes it possible to put the upper chamber 7, alternatively in connection with a high-pressure fluid supply circuit 9 during the accelerated descent stroke of the piston for striking, or with a return circuit low pressure 10 during the ascent of the piston.
  • the annular chamber 6 is permanently supplied with fluid under high pressure by a channel 11 so that each position of the valve spool 8 causes the strike stroke of the piston 1, then the lift stroke.
  • a groove 12 is arranged in the upper part of the piston 1, grooves 13, 14 and channels 15 and 16 are arranged in the body 3 of the apparatus and constitute hydraulic means which allow the triggering of the movement of the main distributor 8.
  • the apparatus shown diagrammatically in FIG. 1 also comprises a flow control device 17 mounted on the high-pressure fluid supply circuit 9, and connected to the low-pressure return circuit 10.
  • the regulating device 17 comprises a calibrated orifice 18 which may be of adjustable or fixed section, and a slide 19 whose movement is determined by the pressures 20 and 21 taken on either side of the calibrated orifice.
  • the regulating device further comprises a spring 22 determining the set value necessary for the movement of the slide 19.
  • the operation of the regulating device 17 can be likened to that of a 3-way hydraulic flow divider which, when the pressure difference on both sides of the calibrated orifice 18 increases beyond a predetermined value, deviates part of the input flow to the return circuit 10.
  • a calibrated orifice of adjustable section makes it possible to set beforehand the flow rate value beyond which a part of the input flow will be diverted towards the return circuit.
  • This arrangement makes it possible to obtain a flow control device forming a standard subassembly that can be adapted to different percussion apparatuses, the section of the calibrated orifice being adjusted beforehand according to the operating characteristics of the percussion apparatus intended to receive said regulating device.
  • FIG. 2 represents a second percussion apparatus driven by a pressurized incompressible fluid in which the flow control device 17 comprises a calibrated orifice 23 located on the pressurized fluid supply circuit 9 which creates, according to the laws of the hydraulic, a loss of load proportional to the flow that passes through it.
  • the regulating device 17 also comprises a bore 24 formed in the body 3 of the apparatus and in which is mounted a spool 25, a first face of which is located in a first chamber 26 connected to the high pressure fluid supply circuit 9. upstream of the calibrated orifice 23 via a first connecting channel 27 and whose second face is located in a second chamber 28 connected to the high pressure fluid supply circuit 9 downstream of the calibrated orifice 23 via a second connecting channel 29.
  • first and second chambers 26, 28 are of equal sections.
  • the first face of the spool 25 is constantly subjected to the pressure upstream of the calibrated orifice 23, while the second face of the spool 25 is constantly subjected to the action of a spring 31 housed in the second chamber 28 and to the pressure downstream of the calibrated orifice 23.
  • the bore 24 of the slide 25 comprises an annular groove 32 connected to the return circuit 10 of the percussion apparatus via a channel 33.
  • the annular groove 32 is intended to be connected to the first chamber 26 when the pressure difference on either side of the calibrated orifice 23 is greater than the pressure exerted by the spring 31 on the second face of the spool 25.
  • control device 17 further comprises an orifice calibrated 37 located on the second connecting channel 29.
  • the calibrated orifice 37 is intended to oppose the instantaneous flow rate variations between the second chamber 28 and the channel 29 created by the speed of displacement of the slide 25.
  • the damping effect, called “DASH POT”, generated by the calibrated orifice 37 opposing these instantaneous flow rate variations makes it possible to slow the high frequency speed changes of the spool 25 and thus to protect the spring 31 from accelerated mechanical fatigue effects.
  • FIG. 4 shows a third percussion apparatus which differs from that shown in FIG. 2 in that the bore 24 of the slide 25 is situated on the high-pressure fluid supply circuit 9 and in that the calibrated orifice 23 has been replaced by a calibrated orifice 38 formed in the body of the drawer 25. It results from this structure of the regulating device 17 a gain of body material 3 of the apparatus and a simplification of the power supply circuits of the apparatus.
  • FIG. 5 shows an alternative embodiment of the percussion apparatus shown in FIG. 4.
  • the regulation device 17 comprises a stage drawer 39 mounted in a floor bore 40, the bore 40 being located on the high pressure fluid supply circuit 9.
  • a calibrated orifice 41 is formed in the body of the drawer 39.
  • the slide 39 and the bore 40 delimit three distinct chambers, namely a first chamber 42 connected to the high-pressure fluid supply circuit upstream of the calibrated orifice 41, a second chamber 43 which is antagonistic to the first chamber 42, connected the high-pressure fluid supply circuit downstream of the calibrated orifice 41 and in which is housed a spring 44, and finally an annular chamber 45 antagonistic to the first chamber 42 and connected to the second chamber 43 by a calibrated orifice 46 .
  • the sum of the respective sections of the chambers 43 and 45 is equal to the section of the first chamber 42.
  • the calibrated orifice 46 is intended to generate a damping effect, called "DASH POT", of the movement of the slide 39 by opposing instantaneous variations in flow rates between the chambers 43 and 45. This arrangement makes it possible to limit the mechanical fatigue of spring 44.
  • FIG. 6 shows a fourth percussion apparatus which differs from that shown in FIG. 5 in that the annular chamber 45 is antagonistic to the second chamber 43 which comprises the spring 44.
  • the chamber annular 45 is connected to the pressurized fluid supply circuit 9 by a calibrated orifice 47 which is intended to create the same damping effect as the calibrated orifice 46 shown in FIG.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
  • Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Percussive Tools And Related Accessories (AREA)
  • Earth Drilling (AREA)
  • Safety Valves (AREA)
  • Fluid-Pressure Circuits (AREA)
  • Measuring Fluid Pressure (AREA)
  • Supply Devices, Intensifiers, Converters, And Telemotors (AREA)
  • Actuator (AREA)
  • Apparatuses For Generation Of Mechanical Vibrations (AREA)
EP08805823A 2007-05-25 2008-05-21 Durch eine unter druck stehende unkomprimierbare flüssigkeit betätigte schlagvorrichtung Not-in-force EP2150380B1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR0703727A FR2916377B1 (fr) 2007-05-25 2007-05-25 Procede de protection contre les suralimentations en debit d'un appareil a percussions mu par un fluide incompressible sous pression, et appareil pour la mise en oeuvre de ce procede.
PCT/FR2008/050877 WO2008149030A2 (fr) 2007-05-25 2008-05-21 Appareil à percussions mû par un fluide incompressible sous pression

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP2150380A2 true EP2150380A2 (de) 2010-02-10
EP2150380B1 EP2150380B1 (de) 2012-04-18

Family

ID=38876947

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP08805823A Not-in-force EP2150380B1 (de) 2007-05-25 2008-05-21 Durch eine unter druck stehende unkomprimierbare flüssigkeit betätigte schlagvorrichtung

Country Status (8)

Country Link
US (1) US8167055B2 (de)
EP (1) EP2150380B1 (de)
KR (1) KR101455705B1 (de)
CN (1) CN101678542B (de)
AT (1) ATE553889T1 (de)
ES (1) ES2384079T3 (de)
FR (1) FR2916377B1 (de)
WO (1) WO2008149030A2 (de)

Families Citing this family (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2983760B1 (fr) * 2011-12-09 2014-08-15 Montabert Roger Procede de commutation de la course de frappe d'un piston de frappe d’un appareil a percussions
ITBA20120019A1 (it) * 2012-03-21 2013-09-22 Tecna Group Srl Demolitore per escavatori con circuito idraulico ottimizzato
DE102014108849B9 (de) * 2014-06-25 2022-12-22 Construction Tools Gmbh Drucküberwachungsvorrichtung
FR3044572B1 (fr) 2015-12-02 2017-12-29 Montabert Roger Dispositif brise roches
US10377028B2 (en) * 2016-03-14 2019-08-13 Caterpillar Inc. Hammer protection system and method
CN106012787B (zh) * 2016-05-31 2017-12-19 福州麦辽自动化设备有限公司 一种基于液压阀控制的钎杆触发破碎锤

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FR2595972B2 (fr) * 1985-07-16 1989-10-20 Montabert Ets Appareil a percussions
FR2618092B1 (fr) * 1987-07-17 1989-11-10 Montabert Ets Distributeur hydraulique pour appareil a percussions mu par un fluide incompressible sous pression
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FR2811602B1 (fr) * 2000-07-13 2002-10-11 Montabert Ets Appareil hydraulique a percussions
FR2811601B1 (fr) * 2000-07-13 2002-10-11 Montabert Ets Appareil hydraulique a percussions
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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
ES2384079T3 (es) 2012-06-29
KR20100017110A (ko) 2010-02-16
EP2150380B1 (de) 2012-04-18
ATE553889T1 (de) 2012-05-15
KR101455705B1 (ko) 2014-10-28
FR2916377B1 (fr) 2009-07-24
CN101678542A (zh) 2010-03-24
FR2916377A1 (fr) 2008-11-28
CN101678542B (zh) 2011-12-28
WO2008149030A3 (fr) 2009-01-29
US20100084152A1 (en) 2010-04-08
US8167055B2 (en) 2012-05-01
WO2008149030A2 (fr) 2008-12-11

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