EP2149411B1 - Marteau pour une machine à rétreindre rotative - Google Patents

Marteau pour une machine à rétreindre rotative Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2149411B1
EP2149411B1 EP08013624A EP08013624A EP2149411B1 EP 2149411 B1 EP2149411 B1 EP 2149411B1 EP 08013624 A EP08013624 A EP 08013624A EP 08013624 A EP08013624 A EP 08013624A EP 2149411 B1 EP2149411 B1 EP 2149411B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
curvature
hammer
workpiece
impact surface
radius
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Not-in-force
Application number
EP08013624A
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German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP2149411A1 (fr
Inventor
Manfred Rahm
Bernd Jeitler
Rene Kraxner
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Magna Powertrain GmbH and Co KG
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Magna Powertrain GmbH and Co KG
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Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Magna Powertrain GmbH and Co KG filed Critical Magna Powertrain GmbH and Co KG
Priority to AT08013624T priority Critical patent/ATE529203T1/de
Priority to PL08013624T priority patent/PL2149411T3/pl
Priority to EP08013624A priority patent/EP2149411B1/fr
Publication of EP2149411A1 publication Critical patent/EP2149411A1/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP2149411B1 publication Critical patent/EP2149411B1/fr
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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21J—FORGING; HAMMERING; PRESSING METAL; RIVETING; FORGE FURNACES
    • B21J13/00—Details of machines for forging, pressing, or hammering
    • B21J13/02—Dies or mountings therefor
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21J—FORGING; HAMMERING; PRESSING METAL; RIVETING; FORGE FURNACES
    • B21J7/00—Hammers; Forging machines with hammers or die jaws acting by impact
    • B21J7/02—Special design or construction
    • B21J7/14—Forging machines working with several hammers

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to rotary swaging tools, in particular round kneading, for non-cutting forming of workpieces with ultimately rotationally symmetrical cross section.
  • Rotary swaging is a pressure forming process which is used to reduce the cross-section of workpieces - usually made of metal.
  • the workpiece to be formed is reshaped by intermittent knocks of round knime hammers or pairs of hammers.
  • radial deformation forces are applied to the workpiece by two or more hammers arranged on the circumference of the workpiece.
  • the workpiece is acted upon by the concave face of the round kneam or the round kneam hammer.
  • the reduction of the cross-section can be constricted or punctured by the forming variants (see also Fig. 1a or 1b) are brought about.
  • the contact zone thus concentrates towards the end of the rotary kneading on the central region of the striking surface along the longitudinal axis of the round kneading hammer.
  • the central area of the clubface is therefore particularly stressed and exposed to wear much more than the edge areas. The uneven wear of the face leads to a reduction in the service life of the round kneading hammer.
  • Another undesirable effect of the increasingly punctiform contact zone in the course of the kneading process is the occurrence of impact grooves on the workpieces.
  • ovalization is meant an undesirable local alternating bending which occurs between the contact zones of, for example, two orthogonal pairs of hammers with each stroke.
  • the four hammers of the two pairs of hammers hit each contact simultaneously on each contact zone.
  • Each stroke thus produces an oval deformation of the workpiece in the respective area between two adjacent hammers.
  • this does not efficiently use the forming work that is required to reduce the cross-section; on the other hand, the material of the workpiece is unnecessarily stressed, which can lead to increased pre-damage and thus to a reduction in component strength.
  • the JP 57-165151 and the JP 2002 263 776 A each describe a Rundknethammer with the features of the preamble of claim 1.
  • the invention is therefore based on the object to provide improved Rundknetkormmer having over the course of a rotary swaging process on average improved osculation of the workpiece.
  • the roundknife hammer according to the invention therefore has a striking surface which has a concave curvature profile in a normal plane of a longitudinal axis of the hammer, the striking surface deviating from a concave cylindrical shape or conical shape.
  • the cross-section of the face of the roundkneading hammer according to the invention can thus not be described by a circle segment, the curvature profile is not circular.
  • the curvature of the striking surface has different radii of curvature and varies between the peak line of the striking surface and the mutual edge regions of the striking surface. This variation of the radius of curvature is provided at least in that area of the striking surface which acts on the workpiece to be machined during operation of the hammer, ie along the contact points already mentioned.
  • a contact point of the striking surface is meant the point where the striking surface contacts the workpiece during a stroke. In practice, this is not a single point in the mathematical sense, but a zone (area) in which touch the face and the workpiece during a strike of Rundknethammers.
  • the contact point has a radius of curvature which defines a circle of curvature due to its direction and magnitude.
  • the center of the circle of curvature lies in a plane that runs along the longitudinal axis of the hammer and contains the apex line of the clubface. In other words, the centers of the circles of curvature of the contact points are always in the said plane even with a shift of the contact points during the forming process.
  • the curvature profile of the face is thus designed such that during the entire forming process, the respective "active" contact points can be described by curvature circles that obey a boundary condition.
  • This constraint is the location of the centers in the level defined above.
  • the slope Y 'of the respective tangent of the curvature profile in the individual contact points is in each case a function of the distance X from the apex line of the striking surface.
  • a curvature profile defined by said relation fulfills the boundary condition discussed above and leads to improved osculation of the round-kneading hammer on the workpiece to be formed during the forming process.
  • the advantageously improved osculation is achieved according to the invention by a variation of the parameter Ra as a function of the distance X, which defines a linear dependence. This proves to be particularly advantageous in order to achieve a spatially and temporally uniform stress on the respective face during the forming process.
  • Ra may also be a linear function dependent on an arc length S, where S is the length of the curvature profile between the point of contact in question and the vertex line.
  • This linear relationship between the distance X and the amount of the respective radius of curvature ensures a uniformly progressive deformation over the course of the entire process, which additionally contributes to the quality of the workpiece and increases the service life of the round-seed hammers. In other words, the loads occurring are distributed evenly over the entire forming process so that "load peaks" are lower.
  • the curvature profile of the striking face is symmetrical to a plane of symmetry. This plane of symmetry runs along the longitudinal axis of the hammer and contains the aforementioned apex of the clubface.
  • the striking surface can also be asymmetrically shaped, in particular if the workpiece is acted upon simultaneously by four hammers arranged in a circumferentially distributed manner.
  • the radius of curvature increases from the apex line of the face to the edge regions.
  • the function of the radius of curvature is a continuous function in order to be able to reliably prevent the occurrence of impact notches.
  • the curvature profile can be selected and adjusted depending on the diameter of the workpiece, the cross-sectional reduction to be achieved and / or depending on other specific requirements of the rotary kneading process.
  • the contact between the hammer and the workpiece at the beginning of the kneading does not take place in a central zone of the striking surface, but in two separate zones - and optionally mirror images - arranged zones of the striking surface. This applies as long as the radius of the workpiece currently being processed is greater than the smallest Hammerschmiegeradius, as it is preferably carried out on the apex line of the clubface.
  • the two disjointed contact zones converge on the face until they unite at the apex line into a single contact zone of the respective hammer.
  • the contact zone is formed over a large area, in particular also in the final phase of shaping, and the formation of harmful impact notches is minimized.
  • the invention further relates to a rotary swaging machine with at least two round kneam hammers according to at least one of the embodiments described above.
  • Fig. 1a schematically illustrates the piercing of a rod-shaped workpiece 10 (eg, shaft) using circular kneaders 12, 12 '.
  • the Rundknetkormmer 12, 12 ' (hereinafter also referred to as hammers) are each arranged in pairs on opposite sides of the workpiece 10.
  • a first pair of hammers with the hammers 12 and a second pair of hammers with the hammers 12 ', wherein the representation of one of the hammers 12' was omitted in order to improve the clarity of the figure.
  • a plurality of pairs of hammers may be provided.
  • the hammers 12, 12 'of a pair of hammers moved along hammer-moving directions 20 simultaneously exert radial compressive forces on the workpiece 10 when they strike through their concave striking surfaces 13.
  • the oscillating hammer pairs 12 and 12 ' At high impact frequency while the workpiece 10 is simultaneously machined by the oscillating hammer pairs 12 and 12 ', wherein the workpiece 10 during the lifting of the hammers 12, 12' rotated stepwise (rotation 18) and optionally also moved in the axial direction.
  • rotationally symmetrical workpieces can be produced.
  • Fig. 1a illustrated example of the so-called Einstechvons a local necking, for example, to produce steep transition angle 14 between the output cross-section of the workpiece 10 and the pierced cross section generated.
  • Fig. 1b is analogous to Fig. 1a the constriction of a workpiece shown schematically.
  • the face surfaces 13 of the round-seed hammers 12, 12 'used in the necking process also have, in addition to cylindrically shaped face surface sections, a conical face surface section 15, which therefore corresponds to a conical segment.
  • a feed 16 of the workpiece 10 and longer sections can be produced with reduced cross section at shallow transition angles 14.
  • a rotation 18 of the workpiece 10 is provided about its own axis, while the pairs of hammer 12, 12 ', the workpiece 10 to transform incrementally.
  • Fig. 2a shows a schematic view of a Rundknethammers 12.
  • the hammer 12 has a striking surface 13, which serves to machine the workpiece 10.
  • the hammer 12 comprises a hammer end face 22, which also corresponds to the cross section of the hammer 12 perpendicular to its longitudinal axis.
  • the hammer 12 is symmetrical about a mid-symmetry plane 24 that extends along the longitudinal axis of the hammer 12 and is perpendicular to the hammer face 22.
  • the mid-symmetry plane 24 also contains the apex line 26 of the striking surface 13.
  • On both sides of the striking surface 13 are inclined surfaces 27. The bevel can not be minimized during a strike by the striking surfaces 13 of the hammers 12, 12 'areas of the workpiece surface.
  • Fig. 2b shows a cross section through the hammer 12 in a plane parallel to the hammer face 22.
  • the striking surface 13 has a concave curvature profile 28, 28 'on.
  • the curvature profile 28 of conventional hammers 12 is a circle segment. In other words, the radius of curvature of all sections of the curvature profile 28 of the face 13 is substantially equal.
  • the curvature profile 28 '(dashed line) of a hammer 12 according to the invention has a variable radius of curvature which varies between the apex line 26' of the hammer 12 according to the invention and the two edge regions 30 of the striking surface 13 adjacent to the inclined surfaces 27.
  • the profile 28 ' is therefore not circular.
  • this is formed symmetrically to the central symmetry plane 24.
  • the curvature decreases starting from the apex line 26 'of the striking surface 13 toward the edge regions 30 (ie the radius of curvature increases).
  • the curve profile 28 ' is also free of cracks, edges or similar discontinuities parallel to the apex line 26' to obtain a uniformly machined surface of the workpiece 10.
  • Fig. 2c illustrates the geometric relationships of the curvature profile 28 'of a round knotter 12 according to the invention.
  • the radius of curvature R of a point P on the face 13 depends on a distance X.
  • the distance X is the distance of the respective point P from the apex line 26 'projected onto a tangential plane 32 at the apex line 26' of the curvature profile 28 '.
  • the function can also be done by the X off.
  • the distance X is the distance of the respective point P from the apex line 26 'projected onto a tangential plane 32 at the apex line 26' of the curvature profile 28 '.
  • the function may also depend on the arc length S of the curvature profile between the apex line 26 'and the point P of the curvature profile.
  • k is an arbitrary constant that indicates how "fast" the radius of curvature should vary.
  • Ra increases with increasing angles ⁇ between the radius of curvature R to be considered as vector and the center symmetry plane 24.
  • the center M of the circle of curvature lies on the mid-symmetry plane 24. Since the radius R must be perpendicular to a tangent Y 'on the curvature profile 28' of the face 13, the center M moves away from the apex line 26 'with increasing distance X, as will be seen below based on Fig. 5 will be explained in detail.
  • FIG. 3a to 3c illustrate the course of a rotary swaging process of a workpiece 10 with conventional hammers 12
  • Fig. 4a to 4c the effect of a hammer 12 according to the invention with a curvature profile 28 'deviating from a circle segment is subsequently clarified.
  • Blacksmith mandrel can be arranged.
  • Fig. 3a to 3c and 4a to 4c only one hammer represented and also an optionally existing forging mandrel not shown.
  • the hammer 12 points in the Fig. 3a to 3c a circular segment-shaped curvature profile 28.
  • the hammer 12 nestles over a large area against the surface of the workpiece 10.
  • a (single) contact zone 34 that is to say the contact surface between the hammer 12 and the tool 10 during impact of the hammer 12, essentially covers the entire striking surface 13.
  • the contact zone 34 becomes continuously smaller (FIG. Fig. 3b ), and in the edge regions 30 of the striking surface 13, the striking surface 13 and the workpiece 10 'no longer touch.
  • this reduction of the contact zone 34 is even more pronounced, and the contact zone 34 comprises only a small part of the striking surface 13 in the region around the crest line 26.
  • the contact zone 34 is limited at the beginning of the process to the edge regions 30 of the impact surface 13, ie there are two separate contact zones 34 ( Fig. 4a ).
  • the contact zones 34 "wander" in the direction of the apex line 26 'of the striking surface 13 (FIG. Fig. 4b ).
  • the contact zone 34 extends essentially in the region of the apex line 26 '(FIG. Fig. 4c ).
  • the contact zone 34 of Fig. 4c includes a significantly larger area than the corresponding contact zone 34 of Fig.
  • Fig. 5 illustrates the changes in the geometric conditions in the course of the forming process. Shown is only a part of a Rundknethammers 12 which is symmetrical to the Mittenymmetrieebene 24 is formed. Furthermore, a section of a workpiece 10 'is shown, which has already undergone a transformation - here a cross-sectional reduction. When a blow of Rundknethammers 12 on the workpiece 10 'they are in contact point KP in contact. In practice, the contact is not limited to one point but comprises a zone that extends around the contact point KP (often symmetrically) (contact zone 34, in FIG Fig. 5 shown disproportionately for clarity). As already from the Fig.
  • the contact points move from outside to inside (KP ', KP, KP "), thereby reducing the workpiece radius R.
  • the radius of curvature R of the striking surface 13 is in the" active "contact point KP That is, the center Mw of the workpiece 10 'and the center M of the circle of curvature (defined by the radius of curvature R of the face 13) coincide.
  • the ratios are in relation to the in Fig. 5 different point of time: the radius of curvature R of the face 13 is greater here than that of FIG Fig. 5 currently "active" point of contact KP.
  • the center point M 'of the circle of curvature associated with the contact point KP' no longer coincides with the workpiece center point Mw in an advanced forming process.
  • the (perpendicular to the workpiece surface) workpiece radius R ' is in the illustrated state according to Fig.
  • the radius of curvature R of the contact point KP is smaller as the in Fig. 5 shown current workpiece radius R '.
  • the center M "of the circle of curvature associated with the contact point KP" is therefore closer to the apex line 26 'than the center of the workpiece Mw.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Forging (AREA)
  • Percussive Tools And Related Accessories (AREA)
  • Massaging Devices (AREA)
  • Ultra Sonic Daignosis Equipment (AREA)

Claims (7)

  1. Marteau de forge à empreinte ronde comportant une surface de frappe pour mettre en forme une pièce à oeuvrer en divers points de contact de la surface de frappe, ladite surface de frappe (13) présentant, dans un plan normal à un axe longitudinal du marteau, un profil arrondi concave qui varie entre une ligne de sommet (26') de la surface de frappe (13) et les régions de bordure (30) des deux côtés de la surface de frappe (13), dans lequel chaque point de contact (KP, KP', KP") de la surface de frappe (13) possède un rayon de courbure (R) qui définit un cercle de courbure avec un centre (M, M', M"), les centres (M, M', M") des cercles de courbure des points de contact (KP, KP', KP") de la surface de frappe (13) étant situés dans un plan (24) qui s'étend le long de l'axe longitudinal du marteau (12, 12') et qui contient la ligne de sommet (26') de la surface de frappe (13), caractérisé en ce que la valeur Ra du rayon de courbure respectif (R, R') est une fonction linéaire dépendant de la distance (X) ou d'une longueur d'arc S, dans laquelle X est la distance, projetée sur le plan tangentiel (32) de la ligne de sommet (26'), du point de contact concerné depuis la ligne de sommet (26') de la surface de frappe (13), et S est la longueur du profil de courbure entre le point de contact concerné (KP, KP', KP") et la ligne de sommet (26').
  2. Marteau de forge à empreinte ronde selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que la pente (Y') d'une perpendiculaire au rayon de courbure respective (R) au niveau des points de contact (KP, KP', KP") obéit à la relation Yʹ = tan arcsin X / Ra .
    Figure imgb0002
  3. Marteau de forge à empreinte ronde selon la revendication 1 ou 2, caractérisé en ce que Ra est descriptible par l'équation Ra = k*X+RO ou Ra = k*S+RO, dans laquelle k est une constante quelconque et RO correspond à la valeur du rayon de courbure (R) de la surface de frappe (13) au niveau de la ligne de sommet (26').
  4. Marteau de forge à empreinte ronde selon l'une au moins des revendications précédentes,
    caractérisé en ce que le profil de courbure (28') de la surface de frappe (13) est symétrique par rapport à un plan de symétrie médian (24) qui s'étend le long de l'axe longitudinal du marteau (12, 12') et qui contient la ligne de sommet (26').
  5. Marteau de forge à empreinte ronde selon l'une au moins des revendications précédentes,
    caractérisé en ce que le rayon de courbure (R) augmente en partant de la ligne de sommet (26') de la surface de frappe (13) vers les zones de bordure (30).
  6. Marteau de forge à empreinte ronde selon l'une au moins des revendications précédentes,
    caractérisé en ce que le rayon de courbure (R) varie suivant une fonction continue.
  7. Machine de forge pour pièces rondes comprenant au moins deux marteaux à empreinte ronde selon l'une au moins des revendications précédentes, et comprenant un système d'entraînement pour l'entraînement oscillant des marteaux de forge à empreinte ronde.
EP08013624A 2008-07-29 2008-07-29 Marteau pour une machine à rétreindre rotative Not-in-force EP2149411B1 (fr)

Priority Applications (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT08013624T ATE529203T1 (de) 2008-07-29 2008-07-29 Rundknethammer
PL08013624T PL2149411T3 (pl) 2008-07-29 2008-07-29 Młotek do kucia na kowarce
EP08013624A EP2149411B1 (fr) 2008-07-29 2008-07-29 Marteau pour une machine à rétreindre rotative

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP08013624A EP2149411B1 (fr) 2008-07-29 2008-07-29 Marteau pour une machine à rétreindre rotative

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP2149411A1 EP2149411A1 (fr) 2010-02-03
EP2149411B1 true EP2149411B1 (fr) 2011-10-19

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Family Applications (1)

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EP08013624A Not-in-force EP2149411B1 (fr) 2008-07-29 2008-07-29 Marteau pour une machine à rétreindre rotative

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EP (1) EP2149411B1 (fr)
AT (1) ATE529203T1 (fr)
PL (1) PL2149411T3 (fr)

Families Citing this family (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP3281720B1 (fr) * 2015-04-06 2020-09-02 Hitachi Metals, Ltd. Matrice de forgeage à chaud et procédé de forgeage à chaud
JP6108258B2 (ja) * 2015-04-06 2017-04-05 日立金属株式会社 熱間鍛造用金型及び熱間鍛造方法
DE102021131279A1 (de) * 2021-11-29 2023-06-01 Aesculap Ag Medizinischer Clip, Umformwerkzeug, Umformmaschine und Verfahren zum Herstellen eines medizinischen Clips

Family Cites Families (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB473241A (en) * 1936-03-19 1937-10-08 Gen Electric Co Ltd Improvements in swaging devices employing revolving swaging members
JPS5952012B2 (ja) 1981-04-06 1984-12-17 日産自動車株式会社 スウエ−ジング装置のダイス
JP2002263776A (ja) * 2001-03-12 2002-09-17 Kobayashi Gankyo Kogyosho:Kk スウェージング加工用ダイス装置および該ダイス装置により加工された製品

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ATE529203T1 (de) 2011-11-15
EP2149411A1 (fr) 2010-02-03
PL2149411T3 (pl) 2012-02-29

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