EP2143081B1 - Procédé et dispositif pour vérifier des documents-valeurs - Google Patents

Procédé et dispositif pour vérifier des documents-valeurs Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2143081B1
EP2143081B1 EP08749044.7A EP08749044A EP2143081B1 EP 2143081 B1 EP2143081 B1 EP 2143081B1 EP 08749044 A EP08749044 A EP 08749044A EP 2143081 B1 EP2143081 B1 EP 2143081B1
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EP
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Prior art keywords
group
connection strength
value document
value
measuring
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German (de)
English (en)
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EP2143081A1 (fr
Inventor
Shanchuan Su
Jürgen Schützmann
Helmut Sleidl
Dieter Stein
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Giesecke and Devrient Currency Technology GmbH
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Giesecke and Devrient Currency Technology GmbH
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G07—CHECKING-DEVICES
    • G07D—HANDLING OF COINS OR VALUABLE PAPERS, e.g. TESTING, SORTING BY DENOMINATIONS, COUNTING, DISPENSING, CHANGING OR DEPOSITING
    • G07D7/00—Testing specially adapted to determine the identity or genuineness of valuable papers or for segregating those which are unacceptable, e.g. banknotes that are alien to a currency
    • G07D7/06—Testing specially adapted to determine the identity or genuineness of valuable papers or for segregating those which are unacceptable, e.g. banknotes that are alien to a currency using wave or particle radiation
    • G07D7/12—Visible light, infrared or ultraviolet radiation

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for checking value documents, in particular for detecting forged value documents, and to an apparatus for carrying out the method.
  • the forged value documents to be recognized are composed counterfeit orders, which are composed of parts of different value documents.
  • the composed counterfeits can be composed of parts of genuine and forged value documents, but there are also known composite counterfeits, which are composed exclusively of parts of real value documents.
  • the US4464786A discloses to use a line sensor for checking banknotes, by which the banknote is optically scanned line by line.
  • a kind of gradient value S (i) along the line (X) is calculated for each "picture element" i.
  • the counter G provides information about how often the detected intensity changes along the respective line. At the unprinted edges of the banknote, G is small because the detected signal hardly changes along such a line. For the lines in which there are printed characters of the banknote ("character row”), G is large. Based on the comparison of the counter G with the "second standard data", the "character rows" 11a, 11b, 11c of the banknote are found.
  • the position of the printed area of the banknote is calculated from the position of the "character rows.”
  • the pattern found in the printed area of the banknote is compared with a standard pattern, and the similarity of the two patterns determines the authenticity or type of banknote.
  • the gradient values S (i) are used only for locating the printed area of the banknote, but not for checking the banknote itself. Instead, the banknote is checked on the basis of the detected signals themselves ("detected pattern" of the printed image of the banknote).
  • the US4464786A but does not deal with checking the bill for the presence of dividing lines where the parts of a composed counterfeit are composed.
  • the EP0947964 A discloses a method of examining securities in which samples of the security are detected in rows and columns. The samples of each column are added to a total value each, reducing the area to a single resulting row. The sum values of the resulting row are subjected to pattern recognition. Not every single one of these pattern recognition Sample value must be compared with a corresponding default value, but only the respective sum value, thus simplifying the evaluation of the samples. However, only the samples themselves are added up or linked together, but no gradient values.
  • the DE202005021081 U1 discloses a sensor for checking the authenticity of a banknote which is movable relative to a transport device which transports the banknote in order to allow different scanning curves on the banknote.
  • the signal intensities of a measurement signal are determined at a plurality of measurement points on a value document. Subsequently, a group of these measuring points is selected, whereby the selection of the group takes place in dependence on a typical separating line position on the value document. Alternatively, the group of measurement points can be selected even before the determination of the signal intensities.
  • gradient values of the signal intensities for the measuring points of the group are determined. To determine a connection strength of the group, the Gradient values within the group are linked together, whereby the connection strength of the group is determined by forming a product or a sum of the gradient values of the group. The connection strength is evaluated, for example, by comparing the connection strength to a reference connection strength that applies to the group.
  • the method according to the invention serves to detect forged value documents, for example for the detection of composed counterfeits.
  • the value document is thus checked for the presence of dividing lines on which the value document is composed or in which individual components are connected to form the value document.
  • a composed counterfeit may have one or more dividing lines on which it is composed.
  • connection strength Comparing the connection strength with the associated reference connection strength results in a difference that is specific to the selected group of measurement points.
  • the evaluation of the size of the difference can be done in addition to a simple comparison, whether the ever average connection strength is less than or greater than the corresponding reference connection strength. From the difference or from the size of the difference, a probability can be derived that a dividing line or at least a partial section of a dividing line is arranged in the respective group of measuring points. If the connection strength greatly exceeds the reference connection strength, for example above a certain threshold value, a higher probability of the existence of a separation line can be concluded within the measurement points of the respective group than, for example, if the reference connection strength is just exceeded.
  • At least one profile of the signal intensity of the measurement signal is determined as a function of the location on the value document, e.g. a two-dimensional distribution of the signal intensity.
  • the two-dimensional distribution of the signal intensity can be determined over the entire value document or also over one or more subareas of the value document.
  • connection strength of the respective group of measuring points provides a quantitative statement as to how far a large gradient value exists throughout the group, in particular along a specific direction on the value document.
  • connection strength the product of the gradient values within the group or also their sum is formed.
  • the signal intensities are normalized to reference intensities, which are preferably specific to the respective Are measuring point.
  • the signal intensities are standardized, for example at each of the measuring points, to a reference intensity valid for the respective measuring point.
  • the reference intensities can be determined on the basis of a large number of genuine value documents or determined in advance of the test.
  • the reference intensity of a measuring point can be given by an average value of the signal intensities determined for the respective measuring point on the basis of the plurality of value documents.
  • the reference connecting strength valid for a group of measuring points can also be determined on the basis of a multiplicity of genuine value documents or determined in advance of the test.
  • the reference connection strength of a group may be given by an average of connection strengths determined for the respective group of measurement points from the plurality of value documents.
  • the reference intensities and / or the reference connection strengths are determined on the basis of value documents of the type of the value document to be checked, in the case of banknotes, for example, on the basis of banknotes of the same denomination.
  • Specific reference intensities and / or specific reference connection strengths can each be stored for the different types of value documents.
  • the reference intensities and / or the reference connection strengths may be selected based on the type of value document, for example the currency and denomination of a banknote.
  • the type of value document is identified, for example, before the value document is checked. In the case of banknotes can this identification, for example, be a denomination determination preceding the method according to the invention.
  • the first derivative of the signal intensity along a first direction is formed on the value document.
  • the gradient value of the signal intensity at the respective measurement point may be proportional to the absolute value of the first derivative of the signal intensity at the respective measurement point, the first derivative being formed along the first direction on the value document.
  • At least one difference from the signal intensity at the respective measuring point and the signal intensity at at least one adjacent measuring point is formed for each of the measuring points of the selected group for determining the respective gradient value, wherein the adjacent measuring points along a first direction on the value document to the respective measuring point are adjacent.
  • the gradient value of the signal intensity at the respective measuring point may be proportional to the absolute value of the difference, which is formed from the signal intensity at the respective measuring point and the signal intensity at at least one adjacent measuring point.
  • the first direction preferably runs along a transport direction of the value document, in particular approximately parallel to a longitudinal direction of the document of value or approximately perpendicular to the longitudinal direction, ie approximately parallel to the shorter side of the document of value.
  • the value document is guided past a sensor along the transport direction, with which the signal intensities of the measurement signal are determined.
  • the measuring points of the group are arranged along a second direction on the value document.
  • the second direction preferably runs at a non-zero angle to the first direction, for example, vertically to the first direction.
  • an optical measuring signal is used as the measuring signal, which is in particular in the visible or in the non-visible spectral range.
  • the measurement signal may be a luminescence signal which is emitted by the value document, for example a luminescence signal excited by UV light, in particular a fluorescence signal.
  • At least one further group of the measuring points is selected, at which the signal intensity of the measuring signal is determined.
  • selecting the further groups may be done immediately after selecting the previously selected group.
  • the selection of the further groups may also be made during or after performing one or more of the method steps of the invention following selection of the previously selected group, such as after determining the connection strength for the previously selected group.
  • further gradient values of the signal intensities for the measuring points of the respective further group are determined.
  • the further gradient values are linked to one another.
  • the further connection strength is evaluated.
  • the further connection strength is compared, for example, with a further reference connection strength, which was determined for the measurement points of the respective further group, eg on the basis of genuine value documents.
  • For the different selected groups can use the same or individual reference connection strengths.
  • connection strength and / or the further connection strength exceeds the reference connection strength valid for the respective group, then there is a high probability that within the measurement points of this group at least a partial section of a separation line runs.
  • the tested value document can then be sorted out with suspicion of the existence of a composed forgery.
  • the selection of which measurement points are grouped together is based on the positions of a value document in which the dividing lines of composed forgeries are typically placed.
  • the selection of the group therefore takes place as a function of a typical parting line position on the value document, the typical parting line position being determined on the basis of a plurality of forged value documents.
  • the groups of the measuring points can then be selected for the method according to the invention.
  • the selection of groups is e.g. in such a way that the entire value document or a subarea of the value document is checked for the presence of parting lines.
  • the selection of the further groups can also be made depending on the connection strength of the previously selected group or of several previously selected groups.
  • the selection of the further groups can also be dependent on at least one difference between the connection strength of at least one previously selected group and the Reference connection strength of at least one previously selected group.
  • the further groups can be used to check a part of the area and / or an immediate area of the area that has already been checked by the first group. If, for example, a relatively large connecting strength of a first group of measuring points indicates an indication of a possible dividing line - if e.g. a subsection of a non-rectilinear separation line is detected - so further groups of measurement points in the immediate vicinity of the first group could be selected. With the aid of the further groups, the suspect area of the value document and / or its immediate surroundings can be checked at different angles
  • the further groups may contain or be a subset of one or more previously selected groups. With the help of the other groups, a subarea of a previously tested area can also be checked.
  • the measuring points of a plurality of selected groups are arranged parallel to one another on the value document.
  • the measurement points of the selected groups may also be arranged along different directions on the value document.
  • This device preferably has a sensor for determining the signal intensities of the measurement signal.
  • the sensor may be an image sensor for detecting optical features of value documents, for example banknotes, and preferably has at least one detector line for determining the signal intensities of the measurement signal.
  • FIG. 1a schematically a composed forgery 1 is shown, which is composed of two parts, for example, a left, real part banknote 1a and a right, wrong partial banknote 1b.
  • a security element 3 is shown by way of example, which fluoresces under UV illumination.
  • the composed counterfeit 1 is moved under a detector line 5 along the transport direction x marked with the arrow 4.
  • the detector row 5 is part of a sensor for checking value documents which detects the signal intensity of the fluorescence of the composed forgery 1 to be tested as a function of time or as a function of the location x on the composed counterfeit 1.
  • the detector row 5 has a plurality of measuring tracks, which are arranged perpendicular to the transport direction (in the y-direction), inter alia the two measuring tracks m and m + 1, the signals of which are considered below by way of example.
  • the Figures 1b and 1c show the signal intensity s m of the measuring track m and the gradient values g m of the measuring track m and the signal intensity s m + 1 of the measuring track m + 1 and the gradient values g m + 1 of the measuring track m + 1 as a function of the location x on the composed counterfeit 1.
  • the signal intensities s m and s m + 1 have a clear jump at the location x T , the intersection of the x-axis with the dividing line 2, which results from different fluorescence properties of the real partial bank note 1 a and the incorrect partial bank note 1 b.
  • the measuring track m is a significantly increased Signal intensity in the area of the fluorescent security element 3 to recognize.
  • the signal intensity s m + 1 has no increased signal intensity at the x-coordinates of the security element 3, since the measuring track m + 1 no longer detects the fluorescence of the security element 3.
  • the gradient values g m and g m + 1 result from the signal intensities s m and s m + 1, respectively, by calculating the absolute value of the first derivative of the respective signal intensity in the transport direction x.
  • each of the signal intensities also from the other measuring tracks of the detector line 5 s 1, s 2, ... and the corresponding gradient values g 1, g 2 determines .... This yields a two-dimensional distribution of the signal intensities and the gradient values over the entire composed counterfeiting 1.
  • the gradient values g m and g m + 1 not only the gradient values g m and g m + 1 but also the gradient values of the remaining measurement tracks have a peak corresponding to a jump of the respective signal intensity.
  • FIG. 2a illustrates the two-dimensional arrangement of the measuring points, which are represented as cells of a grid in the xy-plane, and their position with respect to the composed counterfeiting 1.
  • Each measuring line of the detector line 5 corresponds to one line of the grid.
  • a plurality of groups of measuring points are formed.
  • the measuring points of each group are each arranged along a specific direction on the value document.
  • FIG. 2b shows by way of example three groups a, b, c whose measuring points are arranged along the y-direction and parallel to one another.
  • the measuring points of the three groups a, b, c are chosen such that the signal intensities in the area of the dividing line 2 and in their immediate surroundings are detected on them.
  • connection strengths V a, V b are then compared V c of the groups with the reference connection strengths Ra, Rb, Rc, which apply to the respective group and for example have been determined in advance of the examination based real value documents.
  • connection strengths V a and V c are significantly smaller than the respective reference connection strength Ra or Rc.
  • connection strength Vb is significantly greater than the corresponding reference connection strength Rb. It can be concluded from the comparatively large connection strength Vb that within the measuring points of the group b a separation line 2 is likely to run. The tested value document can thus be sorted out with suspicion of the presence of a composed counterfeit 1.
  • FIG. 3 Examples of further groups a'-e 'of measuring points are shown.
  • several, arbitrarily selected measuring points can be used as output measuring point.
  • the measuring points of the groups d 'and e' are arranged parallel to one another and run at a non-zero angle to the transport direction x over a subsection of the value document 1.
  • the measuring points lying at the edge of the value document 1 were excluded in the groups d 'and e'.
  • these groups can also composed fakes be recognized, whose dividing lines run obliquely over the composed counterfeiting.
  • the measurement points of a group can also be arranged so that they do not lie in a line.
  • the measurement points of a group may also lie on a curve and / or the arrangement of the measurement points may have an offset, e.g. to detect composed counterfeits with corresponding dividing lines.

Claims (13)

  1. Procédé d'examen de documents de valeur (1), en particulier de détection de documents de valeur (1) contrefaits, comprenant les étapes :
    - détermination d'intensités de signal (s) d'un signal de mesure à plusieurs points de mesure sur un document de valeur (1),
    - sélection d'un groupe (a-c, a'-e') des points de mesure, le choix du groupe ayant lieu en fonction d'une position typique de ligne de séparation sur le document de valeur (1),
    - détermination de valeurs de gradient (g) des intensités de signal (s) pour les points de mesure du groupe (a-c, a'-e'),
    - liaison des valeurs de gradient (g) du groupe (a-c, a'-e') pour la détermination d'une force d'assemblage (Va-c, a'-e') du groupe (a-c, a'-e'), la force d'assemblage (Va-c, a'-e') du groupe (a-c, a'-e'), étant repérée par constitution d'un produit ou d'une somme des valeurs de gradient (g) du groupe (a-c, a'-e'),
    - évaluation de la force d'assemblage (Va-c, a'-e'),
    cependant que le document de valeur (1) est examiné pour discerner s'il y a des lignes de séparation (2) auxquelles le documents de valeur (1) est assemblé.
  2. Procédé selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que, pour l'évaluation de la force d'assemblage (Va-c, a'-e'), la force d'assemblage (Va-c, a'-e') est comparée avec une force d'assemblage de référence (Ra-c, a'-e').
  3. Procédé selon la revendication 2, caractérisé en ce que, à partir d'une différence entre la force d'assemblage (Va-c, a'-e') et la force d'assemblage de référence (Ra-c, a'-e'), une probabilité qu'au moins une section partielle d'une ligne de séparation (2) se trouve dans le groupe (a-c, a'-e') de points de mesure est dérivée.
  4. Procédé selon une ou plusieurs des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que, pour la détermination des intensités de signal (s), au moins une courbe de l'intensité de signal (s) est déterminée en tant que fonction de l'endroit (x, y) sur le document de valeur (1), en particulier une répartition bidimensionnelle de l'intensité de signal.
  5. Procédé selon une ou plusieurs des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que, pour la détermination des valeurs de gradient (g) du groupe (a-c, a'-e'), au moins une première dérivation de l'intensité de signal (s) le long d'un premier sens (x) sur le document de valeur (1) est constituée, cependant que la valeur de gradient (g) est, à au moins un point de mesure du groupe (a-c, a'-e'), en particulier proportionnelle à la valeur absolue de la première dérivation au point de mesure.
  6. Procédé selon une ou plusieurs des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que, pour la détermination des valeurs de gradient (g) du groupe, au moins une différence de l'intensité de signal (s) à un point de mesure du groupe et l'intensité de signal (s) à au moins un point de mesure voisin est constituée, cependant que c'est le long d'un premier sens (x) sur le document de valeur (1) que le point de mesure voisin est voisin du point de mesure, cependant que la valeur de gradient (g) est, à au moins un point de mesure du groupe, en particulier proportionnelle à la valeur absolue de la différence.
  7. Procédé selon une des revendications de 5 à 6, caractérisé en ce que le premier sens (x) évolue le long d'un sens de transport du document de valeur (1) qui est en particulier sensiblement parallèle à un sens longitudinal du document de valeur (1) ou sensiblement perpendiculaire au sens longitudinal.
  8. Procédé selon la revendication 7, caractérisé en ce que les points de mesure du groupe (a-c, a'-e') sont disposés le long d'un deuxième sens sur le document de valeur (1), cependant que le deuxième sens évolue de préférence à un angle différent de zéro par rapport au premier sens (x), en particulier verticalement par rapport au premier sens (x).
  9. Procédé selon une ou plusieurs des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que le signal de mesure est un signal de mesure optique, de préférence un signal de luminescence excité par lumière UV, en particulier un signal de fluorescence.
  10. Procédé selon une ou plusieurs des revendications précédentes, caractérisé par les étapes suivantes :
    - sélection d'au moins un autre groupe (a-c, a'-e') des points de mesure,
    - détermination d'autres valeurs de gradient (g) des intensités de signal (s) pour les points de mesure d'au moins un des autres groupe (a-c, a'-e'),
    - liaison des autres valeurs de gradient (g) d'au moins un des autres groupe (a-c, a'-e') pour la détermination d'au moins une autre force d'assemblage (Va-c, a'-e'),
    - évaluation d'au moins une des autres forces d'assemblage (Va-c, a'-e').
  11. Dispositif selon la revendication 10, caractérisé en ce que la sélection d'au moins un des autres groupes (a-c, a'-e') a lieu en fonction de la force d'assemblage du groupe selon la revendication 1 (a-c, a'-e') et/ou en fonction d'une différence entre la force d'assemblage (Va-c, a'-e') du groupe (a-c, a'-e') selon la revendication 1 et la force d'assemblage de référence (Ra-c, a'-e') selon la revendication 2.
  12. Procédé selon une ou plusieurs des revendications de 10 à 11, caractérisé en ce que, par le groupe (a-c, a'-e') selon la revendication 1, une zone du document de valeur (1) est examinée, et que, par au moins un des autres groupes (a-c, a'-e'), une partie de la zone et/ou un environnement direct de la zone est examiné(e), cependant que la zone et/ou l'environnement direct de la zone est examiné(e) en particulier sous différents angles.
  13. Dispositif d'examen de documents de valeur (1) destiné à discerner l'existence de lignes de séparation (2) auxquelles le documents de valeur (1) est assemblé, cependant que le dispositif comporte au moins un capteur pour la détermination d'intensités de signal (s) d'un signal de mesure à plusieurs points de mesure sur un document de valeur (1), et que le dispositif est conçu pour l'exécution des étapes suivantes :
    - sélection d'un groupe (a-c, a'-e') des points de mesure, la sélection du groupe ayant lieu en fonction d'une position typique de ligne de séparation sur le document de valeur (1),
    - détermination de valeurs de gradient (g) des intensités de signal (s) pour les points de mesure du groupe (a-c, a'-e'),
    - liaison des valeurs de gradient (g) du groupe (a-c, a'-e') pour la détermination d'une force d'assemblage (Va-c, a'-e') du groupe (a-c, a'-e'), cependant que la force d'assemblage (Va-c, a'-e') du groupe (a-c, a'-e') est repérée par constitution d'un produit ou d'une somme des valeurs de gradient (g) du groupe (a-c, a'-e'),
    - évaluation de la force d'assemblage (Va-c, a'-e'), cependant que le document de valeur (1) est examiné pour discerner s'il y a des lignes de séparation (2) auxquelles le documents de valeur (1) est assemblé.
EP08749044.7A 2007-04-23 2008-04-22 Procédé et dispositif pour vérifier des documents-valeurs Active EP2143081B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102007019107A DE102007019107A1 (de) 2007-04-23 2007-04-23 Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Prüfung von Wertdokumenten
PCT/EP2008/003220 WO2008128755A1 (fr) 2007-04-23 2008-04-22 Procédé et dispositif pour vérifier des documents-valeurs

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EP2143081A1 EP2143081A1 (fr) 2010-01-13
EP2143081B1 true EP2143081B1 (fr) 2018-10-24

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US (1) US8837804B2 (fr)
EP (1) EP2143081B1 (fr)
CN (1) CN101689316B (fr)
DE (1) DE102007019107A1 (fr)
RU (1) RU2452030C2 (fr)
WO (1) WO2008128755A1 (fr)

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DE102007019107A1 (de) 2008-10-30
EP2143081A1 (fr) 2010-01-13
RU2009142938A (ru) 2011-07-10
WO2008128755A1 (fr) 2008-10-30
CN101689316A (zh) 2010-03-31
US8837804B2 (en) 2014-09-16
RU2452030C2 (ru) 2012-05-27
CN101689316B (zh) 2013-12-11
US20100128934A1 (en) 2010-05-27

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