EP2142778A2 - Système hybride comprenant une installation au biogaz - Google Patents

Système hybride comprenant une installation au biogaz

Info

Publication number
EP2142778A2
EP2142778A2 EP08734868A EP08734868A EP2142778A2 EP 2142778 A2 EP2142778 A2 EP 2142778A2 EP 08734868 A EP08734868 A EP 08734868A EP 08734868 A EP08734868 A EP 08734868A EP 2142778 A2 EP2142778 A2 EP 2142778A2
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
biogas
energy
hybrid system
heat
hybrid
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP08734868A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Dirk Adam
Hans-Peter Schumacher
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Natcon7 GmbH
Original Assignee
Natcon7 GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Natcon7 GmbH filed Critical Natcon7 GmbH
Publication of EP2142778A2 publication Critical patent/EP2142778A2/fr
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02C—GAS-TURBINE PLANTS; AIR INTAKES FOR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS; CONTROLLING FUEL SUPPLY IN AIR-BREATHING JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
    • F02C3/00—Gas-turbine plants characterised by the use of combustion products as the working fluid
    • F02C3/20—Gas-turbine plants characterised by the use of combustion products as the working fluid using a special fuel, oxidant, or dilution fluid to generate the combustion products
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02C—GAS-TURBINE PLANTS; AIR INTAKES FOR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS; CONTROLLING FUEL SUPPLY IN AIR-BREATHING JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
    • F02C3/00—Gas-turbine plants characterised by the use of combustion products as the working fluid
    • F02C3/20—Gas-turbine plants characterised by the use of combustion products as the working fluid using a special fuel, oxidant, or dilution fluid to generate the combustion products
    • F02C3/26—Gas-turbine plants characterised by the use of combustion products as the working fluid using a special fuel, oxidant, or dilution fluid to generate the combustion products the fuel or oxidant being solid or pulverulent, e.g. in slurry or suspension
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02C—GAS-TURBINE PLANTS; AIR INTAKES FOR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS; CONTROLLING FUEL SUPPLY IN AIR-BREATHING JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
    • F02C6/00—Plural gas-turbine plants; Combinations of gas-turbine plants with other apparatus; Adaptations of gas-turbine plants for special use
    • F02C6/18—Plural gas-turbine plants; Combinations of gas-turbine plants with other apparatus; Adaptations of gas-turbine plants for special use using the waste heat of gas-turbine plants outside the plants themselves, e.g. gas-turbine power heat plants
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03D—WIND MOTORS
    • F03D7/00—Controlling wind motors 
    • F03D7/02—Controlling wind motors  the wind motors having rotation axis substantially parallel to the air flow entering the rotor
    • F03D7/026—Controlling wind motors  the wind motors having rotation axis substantially parallel to the air flow entering the rotor for starting-up
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03D—WIND MOTORS
    • F03D9/00—Adaptations of wind motors for special use; Combinations of wind motors with apparatus driven thereby; Wind motors specially adapted for installation in particular locations
    • F03D9/007—Adaptations of wind motors for special use; Combinations of wind motors with apparatus driven thereby; Wind motors specially adapted for installation in particular locations the wind motor being combined with means for converting solar radiation into useful energy
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03D—WIND MOTORS
    • F03D9/00—Adaptations of wind motors for special use; Combinations of wind motors with apparatus driven thereby; Wind motors specially adapted for installation in particular locations
    • F03D9/20—Wind motors characterised by the driven apparatus
    • F03D9/25—Wind motors characterised by the driven apparatus the apparatus being an electrical generator
    • F03D9/255—Wind motors characterised by the driven apparatus the apparatus being an electrical generator connected to electrical distribution networks; Arrangements therefor
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02S—GENERATION OF ELECTRIC POWER BY CONVERSION OF INFRARED RADIATION, VISIBLE LIGHT OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT, e.g. USING PHOTOVOLTAIC [PV] MODULES
    • H02S10/00—PV power plants; Combinations of PV energy systems with other systems for the generation of electric power
    • H02S10/10—PV power plants; Combinations of PV energy systems with other systems for the generation of electric power including a supplementary source of electric power, e.g. hybrid diesel-PV energy systems
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02S—GENERATION OF ELECTRIC POWER BY CONVERSION OF INFRARED RADIATION, VISIBLE LIGHT OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT, e.g. USING PHOTOVOLTAIC [PV] MODULES
    • H02S10/00—PV power plants; Combinations of PV energy systems with other systems for the generation of electric power
    • H02S10/10—PV power plants; Combinations of PV energy systems with other systems for the generation of electric power including a supplementary source of electric power, e.g. hybrid diesel-PV energy systems
    • H02S10/12—Hybrid wind-PV energy systems
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
    • Y02B10/00—Integration of renewable energy sources in buildings
    • Y02B10/10—Photovoltaic [PV]
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
    • Y02B10/00—Integration of renewable energy sources in buildings
    • Y02B10/20—Solar thermal
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
    • Y02B10/00—Integration of renewable energy sources in buildings
    • Y02B10/30—Wind power
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
    • Y02B10/00—Integration of renewable energy sources in buildings
    • Y02B10/70—Hybrid systems, e.g. uninterruptible or back-up power supplies integrating renewable energies
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/50—Photovoltaic [PV] energy
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/70—Wind energy
    • Y02E10/72—Wind turbines with rotation axis in wind direction
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E20/00—Combustion technologies with mitigation potential
    • Y02E20/14—Combined heat and power generation [CHP]
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E50/00—Technologies for the production of fuel of non-fossil origin
    • Y02E50/10—Biofuels, e.g. bio-diesel

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a hybrid system for providing electrical energy from regenerative energy sources, which has a biogas plant that provides electrical energy, and at least one other energy converter that provides electrical energy and its retrievable power of external factors, in particular the wind supply and / or solar radiation is dependent, wherein the electrical energy of the biogas plant and the electrical energy of the at least one further energy converter are fed into a common supply network.
  • Biogas plants have a so-called fermenter in which biomass-containing residues such as sewage sludge, biowaste or leftovers, manure, manure, wood chips or specifically grown energy crops such as corn, cereals and grass are implemented in a multi-stage process.
  • the biogas can be used for example in a combined heat and power plant to drive an internal combustion engine that drives a generator.
  • the provided electrical energy can be fed into a supply network, while the waste heat of the internal combustion engine can be used for the heating of a building.
  • a biogas plant Due to the combustion process used to drive the generator, the operation of a biogas plant always produces electrical energy and heat at the same time; in particular, it is not possible to provide electrical energy without at the same time generating heat.
  • the thermal and electrical output of a biogas plant can be called up at any time up to a maximum value determined by the dimensioning of the plant. If sufficient biogas is available, the performance of the system can be increased by controlling the internal combustion engine in a short time to its maximum value.
  • Other known energy converters can provide electrical energy directly without generating any appreciable waste heat. These include in particular wind energy and photovoltaic systems. However, the availability of the provided electrical energy of such energy converters is dependent on external influencing factors, in the cited examples of wind supply or solar radiation. Under certain circumstances, no or only a fraction of the rated output of such systems can be retrievable for longer periods of time.
  • Hybrid systems for the provision of electrical energy from renewable energy sources combine different energy converters.
  • Such a hybrid system is known from the German patent application DE 10 2004 046 701 Al. It is referred to as a renewable energy system and combines a wind turbine that generates electrical energy and feeds it into a supply network, with an internal combustion engine, which is powered by a fuel derived from renewable resources, such as rapeseed oil.
  • the internal combustion engine drives a generator and thus generates electrical energy, which is also fed into the supply network.
  • the known hybrid system is intended for a supply of isolated networks.
  • the combustion engine which is driven by rapeseed oil, replaces a diesel generator that is traditionally used and can thus improve the environmental compatibility. In one embodiment, it is intended to operate the internal combustion engine with biogas. The heat generated during operation of the internal combustion engine is not used in the known hybrid system.
  • an energy system for supplying an example of milk or fish processing operation includes a biogas plant and a combined energy converter, such as a Stirling engine that provides heat and electrical energy.
  • the heat is supplied to a hot water tank and this can be removed again for heating the biogas plant or for example a stable.
  • the electrical energy is used for the continuous production of ice in a cooling system.
  • the ice is used to cool the processed products, such as milk or fish. Additionally required electrical energy can be taken from a network. It is also thought to additionally use a fuel cell or a wind turbine.
  • a biogas plant which has a fermenter and further accommodated in a container functional elements, such as a combined heat and power plant.
  • the biogas plant can be an elec- trisch operated filling plant for the biogas produced. It is thought to use a photovoltaic system to supply the electrical filling system.
  • the hybrid system according to the invention serves to provide electrical energy from regenerative energy sources and has a biogas plant that provides electrical energy, and at least one further energy converter, which provides electrical energy and its retrievable power from external factors, in particular the wind supply and / or solar radiation, is dependent, wherein the electrical energy of the biogas plant and the electrical energy of the at least one other energy converter are fed into a common supply network, the biogas plant having a gas turbine with an electric generator with the in the Biogas plant produced biogas is operated and the waste heat of the biogas plant can be fed via a heat exchanger.
  • the dependence of the available power of at least one other energy converter may also relate to the availability of other, ultimately solar fuels, for example in geothermal plants or hydroelectric plants.
  • the gas turbine is characterized by a higher efficiency than a conventional internal combustion engine. This can be obtained from the same amount of biogas, a larger amount of electrical energy. Accordingly, the amount of heat that is released when burning a certain amount of biogas is reduced. However, this heat is not lost unused, but can be supplied to the biogas plant via a heat exchanger. As a result, the biogas plant can be heated to a favorable temperature for biogas production.
  • the heat released by the gas turbine is taken from the exhaust gas with a heat exchanger and fed to the fermenter of the biogas plant via a further heat exchanger.
  • the supply network may be a public power grid and / or a stand-alone grid.
  • the hybrid system according to the invention allows a self-sufficient supply, which represents a sensible alternative for connection to a public supply network, for example, for remote farms.
  • the biogas plant on a gas tank for storing biogas.
  • a sufficient supply of biogas can be kept to the biogas plant even in the absence of biogas production, such as a result of maintenance or a shortage of raw materials, to be able to operate for a certain period of time.
  • the biogas production can be continued by the buffer effect of the gas tank even with fluctuating performance of the gas turbine at a uniform, low level.
  • the gas turbine is a micro gas turbine with an electric power of 100 kW or less.
  • Microturbines are specially optimized for the mentioned, relatively low power range and have a high efficiency. Therefore, a hybrid system with high efficiency can be offered in a relatively low power range sufficient for many applications.
  • Another advantage is that such micro gas turbines can be operated with non-treated, in particular not desulfurized biogas.
  • An example of a micro gas turbine is known from DE 202 20 621 Ul.
  • the total electrical power of the at least one further energy converter is at most 50% of the electrical power of the gas turbine.
  • the total electrical power refers to the electrical power of all other connected energy converters.
  • the total electric power provided by the hybrid system can be kept constant even when the power of the at least one further energy converter fluctuates greatly.
  • the gas turbine can be operated at an operating point, which enables a rapid compensation of power fluctuations of the at least one further energy converter. At the same time, the gas turbine can be operated in a favorable power range in terms of efficiency.
  • one of the at least one further energy converter is a wind energy plant. Also preferred is the use a photovoltaic system. Both variants are proven, robust energy converters that can provide immediate electrical energy.
  • a plurality of further energy converters are provided, which use different regenerative energy sources.
  • different regenerative energy sources for the provision of electrical energy with a biogas plant, power fluctuations of the individual energy sources can be partially compensated.
  • the available energy supply for example in the form of solar and wind energy, is better utilized.
  • the combination of different energy sources also offers increased reliability in the case of technical failures of individual energy converters.
  • the further energy converters are connected to a common DC voltage circuit or to a common AC voltage circuit. If only energy converters are combined which naturally supply a DC voltage, then these are connected to a common DC voltage circuit. If only energy converters are combined which naturally supply an alternating voltage, then these are connected to a common AC voltage circuit. If energy converters which supply a DC voltage are combined with energy converters which supply an AC voltage, the AC voltage supplied can be converted into DC voltage with a suitable power supply unit. Alternatively, the energy converters that supply a DC voltage may be combined with an inverter that converts the DC voltage to an AC voltage.
  • Power supply units consist essentially of a rectifier and a filter element and, when supplied with alternating current, supply a direct current with only a slight residual ripple. Such power supply units are known from devices and systems that are powered by AC power. You can different voltage and current ranges are built. An advantage of using power supply units lies in their robustness against load fluctuations and fluctuations in the input voltage of, for example, up to +/- 10%. When the other energy converters are connected to a common DC voltage circuit, all energy converters, which naturally supply a DC voltage, are provided with suitable protection against unwanted effects from the DC voltage circuit.
  • the common DC voltage circuit or the common AC voltage circuit is connected to an electrical energy storage.
  • the electrical energy store can provide electrical energy either directly or by energy conversion from a thermal, chemical or mechanical energy storage.
  • the direct provision of electrical energy can be done for example via a capacitor bank, while the provision of electrical energy by energy conversion from thermal energy can be done for example from a heat storage.
  • the provision of electrical energy from chemical energy can take place via a rechargeable battery, a battery, a galvanic cell or a redox flow cell.
  • the provision of electrical energy from mechanical energy can be either from kinetic energy via a flywheel or from potential energy via a spring, a pumped storage, a compressed air reservoir, a gas storage or a weight.
  • the stored energy can be used to compensate for power fluctuations of the other energy converters in the DC or AC voltage circuit and thus stabilize the electric energy flow directly provided by the further energy converters. Furthermore, the stored energy can be used to restart the hybrid system after a break in operation independently of an external supply voltage. For this purpose, it may be necessary, for example, auxiliary drives of the biogas Anläge, the gas turbine or the other energy converter to get going again or to move or track in a certain working position. In addition, the power supply for the entire monitoring, control and regulation of the hybrid system during a break in operation can be ensured via the energy storage.
  • the hybrid system is equipped with an additional, controllable energy source with the electrical energy from the energy store, which can be switched on as required over a relatively long period of time.
  • an inverter converts electrical energy from the common DC voltage circuit into AC voltage and feeds it into the supply network.
  • the inverter can be used to control the power fed into the grid.
  • the electrical energy provided by different energy converters can be adapted to the conditions of the respective supply network.
  • the electrical energy is fed from the common AC circuit via a transformer in the supply network.
  • the energy taken from a common DC voltage circuit can also be combined, after conversion into AC voltage, by means of an inverter with a transformer for feeding into the supply network.
  • the heat exchanger is connected via a first heat medium circuit with a heat storage.
  • the heat storage can be cached during operation of the gas turbine heat released. The heat can then be taken from the heat storage as needed by the biogas production process when it is needed.
  • the heat of the heat accumulator can be removed via a second heat medium circuit.
  • the extracted heat can also be used with the help of a suitable refrigeration system, such as an adsorption or a heat pump, for the cooling of buildings, for example in the summer months. It is also possible to remove the excess heat not the heat storage but with the help of another heat exchanger directly to the first heat medium circuit.
  • a suitable refrigeration system such as an adsorption or a heat pump
  • the biogas plant to a fermenter, which is provided with a heating circuit, which is connectable via a valve arrangement with the first heat medium circuit.
  • a heating circuit of the fermenter can be supplied with the stored heat in the heat accumulator.
  • a further heat exchanger and a separate circulation pump for the heating circuit can be saved.
  • the first heat medium circuit and the heating circuit are directly connected to each other. In addition to the simplified construction, a loss-free use of heat can be achieved.
  • the heat storage on a heating element which can be operated with electrical energy from the at least one other energy converter.
  • excess electrical energy can be converted into heat by one or more of the further energy converters and supplied to the heat accumulator.
  • This solution is particularly advantageous if the other energy converters generate more electrical energy than the consumers connected to the supply network need. If the electrical fresh energy can not be stored elsewhere, such as in the energy storage, the other energy converters would have to be switched off if necessary. However, this is unfavorable because it puts the hybrid system in an unfavorable working position for the overall operation and requires a relatively complex operation.
  • the load on the components of the wind turbine can increase compared to a steady operation.
  • a complex device is required and the excess energy is lost for later use.
  • the heating element which can also be switched on over a relatively long period of time, the hybrid system is equipped with an additional, controllable consumer.
  • a controller which controls the gas turbine in dependence on an externally or internally predetermined desired value for the electrical power of the hybrid system and / or in dependence on a further externally or internally predetermined desired value for the thermal power of the hybrid system.
  • the two setpoints can be determined based on the requested electrical and / or thermal power.
  • the hybrid system can for example provide a constant electrical power, wherein power fluctuations of the other energy converters are compensated by the control of the gas turbine.
  • the control of the gas turbine can only intervene if the power fluctuations of the other energy converters are not or not completely compensated by means of the energy storage or by switching on the heating element.
  • the controller detects the electrical power of the generator of the gas turbine and / or the electrical power of each of the at least one further energy converter and / or the thermal power taken from the heat accumulator. If appropriate, the electrical power fed into the supply network can additionally be detected. The acquisition of said data forms the basis for the control of the gas turbine. Also possible is a detection of the electrical power fed into the electrical supply network by an inverter or a transformer and / or the electrical power received or emitted by the energy store and / or the electrical power consumed by the heating element.
  • the controller controls the electrical power of one of the at least one further energy converter.
  • the electrical power provided by the further energy converter can be influenced in a targeted manner. This is possible for example in accordance with controllable wind turbines whose performance can be lowered, for example in the interest of low noise emission. Depending on the location of the wind energy plant, this can be advantageous in particular during the night's sleep. Another motivation for power reduction may result from low demand for electrical energy.
  • the controller controls the performance of the heating element. As a result, a specific electrical power can be converted into heat in a targeted manner.
  • the at least one further energy converter and / or the biogas plant are modularly expandable.
  • the extension may consist, for example, in the addition of additional solar modules, another wind turbine or an additional gas turbine for the biogas plant.
  • the hybrid system is already prepared for the addition of additional modules, for example by correspondingly larger dimensions of electrical connections.
  • a gas treatment plant is provided and treated biogas is fed into a gas supply network.
  • the gas treatment plant can perform, for example, a desulfurization and drying of the biogas produced.
  • the gas supply network may be a pipeline network to which a plurality of gas consumers are connected.
  • the biogas is initially stored temporarily in a gas tank and transported by truck or ship to another location where the treated biogas is fed into a pipeline network.
  • the generated and processed biogas is also made available to a large number of consumers.
  • a larger amount of biogas can be usefully used, as is needed locally.
  • larger farms are often too large amounts of biomass available, so that the biogas produced from it can not be fully utilized for the farm.
  • the hybrid system according to the invention, only a portion of the biogas produced is used as fuel for the gas turbine, wherein the part is dimensioned such that the provided by the hybrid system electrical and / or thermal energy sufficient for the autonomous operation of the gas treatment plant.
  • the hybrid system according to the invention thus primarily serves the generation and processing of biogas for feeding into a gas supply network. Only the energy required for the operation of the gas treatment plant is provided by the hybrid plant. Depending on the proportion of the electrical energy provided by the other energy converters, only a small amount of the biogas produced is used as fuel.
  • the biogas plant provides substantially more biogas than is required for the autonomous operation of the gas treatment plant.
  • either the fermenter can be dimensioned substantially larger than required for the operation of the gas turbine.
  • additional fermenters whose biogas is fed exclusively to the gas treatment plant.
  • the amount of biogas produced can also be significantly increased by adding a high-energy co-substrate to the biomass, for example in the form of energy-rich plants such as corn.
  • the gas supply network is taken at any other point gas in fuel or heat equivalent to the injected biogas and fed there a gas turbine, an internal combustion engine or a gas extraction station.
  • the energy contained in the injected biogas can be utilized by taking an energy-equivalent amount of gas from the supply network at any other location.
  • the biogas plant has a fixed bed fermenter.
  • the fixed bed digester may have a volume of, for example, less than 200 m 3 or less than 150 m 3 . It is preferred implemented in the fixed bed fermenter mainly manure.
  • Fixed bed fermenters are particularly suitable for the recovery of manure and can process, for example, the amount of manure resulting from a livestock of about 900 to 1000 fattening pigs or 180 cattle. The use of a fixed bed fermenter is thus ideal for medium-sized farms. These can often be used by larger biogas plants only by additional utilization of renewable resources such as corn or grain, which is capital intensive.
  • a fixed bed fermenter is characterized by a high efficiency, because it has a small construction with high methane gas conversion and requires no energy supply to drive a stirrer.
  • FIG. 2 is a simplified block diagram for controlling the hybrid system of FIG. 1;
  • FIG. 3 shows another simplified block diagram for controlling a further hybrid system according to the invention.
  • FIG. 1 shows a hybrid system with a fermenter 10, in which biogas is produced from residues, which accumulates in the upper region 12 of the fermenter 10. Further processing steps of the biogas, such as desulfurization, compression or drying of the gas are not shown in the simplified representation of Figure 1, but may nevertheless be provided.
  • the biogas passes from the gas tank 14 into a micro gas turbine 60, which is driven by combustion of the biogas.
  • the also leading to the micro gas turbine 60 arrow 44 indicates the supply of fresh air for the combustion process.
  • the micro gas turbine 60 is connected via a shaft to a generator 62 which can provide an electric power of preferably 100 kW or less.
  • the electrical power provided by the generator 62 is fed via a line 72 into a utility grid 76.
  • the supply network 76 supplies several electrical consumers, not shown, and has no connection to the network of a power company on.
  • the electrical energy provided by the hybrid system can also be fed into a public grid.
  • the waste gases resulting from the combustion process of the biogas are supplied from the micro gas turbine 60 via a line 36 to a heat exchanger 26.
  • the heat of the exhaust gas is absorbed by the heating means of a first heat medium circuit 28.
  • water is used as a heating means.
  • the exhaust gases are discharged from an output of the heat exchanger 26 via an exhaust system 38 in the ambient air.
  • the first heat medium circuit 28 transports the heat taken from the exhaust gas into a heat storage 82, which is formed in the illustrated embodiment by a water tank.
  • valve arrangement 30 Via a valve arrangement 30, it is possible to connect the first heat medium circuit 28 with a heating circuit 32, which flows through a second heat exchanger 34 located in the interior of the fermenter 10. In this way, the heat taken from the exhaust gas can be supplied to the biogas production process within the fermenter 10.
  • the valve system 30 is preferably controlled in such a way that that sets a constant temperature in the fermenter 10, depending on the process engineering design.
  • the wind turbine 66 generates an alternating electrical current, which is converted by means of a rectifier 16 into direct current.
  • the wind turbine is connected to a DC voltage circuit 18.
  • the photovoltaic system 64 directly provides a DC voltage, which is also supplied to the DC voltage circuit 18.
  • the DC voltage circuit 18 is additionally connected to an accumulator 20, which stores electrical energy.
  • the stored in the accumulator 20 electrical energy can also be used to start the hybrid system after a break in operation (black start).
  • the DC voltage circuit 18 is connected via an inverter 22 to the supply network 76. Via the "detour" of the DC voltage circuit 18, the electrical energy of the different energy converters 64 and 66 can be supplied to the supply network 76 via a common inverter 22.
  • the biogas leading line from the fermenter 10 to the gas tank 14 is provided with a further valve assembly 40, via the excess biogas, which can neither be absorbed by the gas tank 14 nor utilized by the micro gas turbine 60, a torch head 42, where it can be burned.
  • a further valve assembly 40 via the excess biogas, which can neither be absorbed by the gas tank 14 nor utilized by the micro gas turbine 60, a torch head 42, where it can be burned.
  • the stored in the heat storage 82 heat can be used not only to heat the fermenter 10, but also on a in the drawing only indicated second heat medium circuit 46 for other purposes.
  • an equipped with the hybrid plant agricultural operation can be supplied with sufficient heat energy, which can be used both for heating and - with a suitable chiller - for cooling.
  • the required heat energy can also be taken directly from the first heat recovery circuit 28 via a further heat exchanger 24.
  • this heat energy extraction is used to operate a refrigeration machine for the air conditioning of agricultural operating rooms.
  • the line 72 to the supply network 76 is connected via an electrical line 50 to a heating element 48 which is inserted into the heat accumulator 82.
  • the heating element 48 is operated with the electrical energy of the further energy converters 64 and 66.
  • the water contained in the heat accumulator 82 can be additionally heated. Electrical energy provided by the further energy converters 64, 66 can therefore also be utilized if there is no demand for electrical energy in the supply network 46 and the electrical energy store 20 is already filled.
  • the generator 62 is connected via an electrical line 72 to a node 74.
  • the node 74 is also connected via an electrical line 70 to the photovoltaic system 64 and via an electrical line 68 to the wind turbine 66.
  • the electrical energy is fed via the node 74 into the supply network 76.
  • Also indicated schematically is the heat transfer from the micro gas turbine 60, which is supplied with biogas 78, through a line 80 to the Me Equipment 82, from which a consumer 84 is supplied with thermal energy.
  • the controller 86 records the following quantities via the connections shown in dotted lines: the electrical power provided by the photovoltaic system 64 via the connection 88, the electrical power provided by the generator 62 via the connection 90, and the electrical power supplied by the wind energy installation 66 via the line 92 Power and the line 94, the total fed into the supply network 76 electrical power.
  • the controller 86 evaluates the collected data and compares the provided electrical power with an externally or internally set value 98 describing the electrical power demanded in the utility grid 76. If the controller 86 detects a deviation from the setpoint value, a control command is output to the micro gas turbine 60 via the dashed control connection 102, the power of which is subsequently adjusted so that the total electrical power provided corresponds to the setpoint value 98.
  • the required electrical power can always be provided, even if the electrical power of the photovoltaic system 64 or the wind turbine 66 varies greatly as a result of external influences.
  • the electrical power of the other energy converters 64 and 66 is prioritized over the biogas plant, so that combustion of the biogas takes place only to the extent required.
  • a wind turbine 66 is provided as the only other energy converter.
  • the elements provided with the same reference numerals correspond to those of Figure 2.
  • the controller 86 of Figure 3 receives a second setpoint input 100, which describes the demanded thermal performance of the consumer or 84. Furthermore, the controller 86 receives information about the connection 96 via the Heat storage 82 extracted thermal power. With increased demand for thermal power, the controller 86, the power of the micro gas turbine 60 increase accordingly, so that the heat accumulator 82, a sufficient amount of heat is supplied.
  • the excess electrical power may optionally also be supplied to the heat accumulator 82 via a corresponding heating element.
  • the controller 86 via the control line 102, the possibility of affecting the electrical power provided by a power reduction of the wind turbine 66.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Sustainable Development (AREA)
  • Sustainable Energy (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Control Of Eletrric Generators (AREA)
  • Supply And Distribution Of Alternating Current (AREA)
  • Wind Motors (AREA)

Abstract

La présente invention concerne un système hybride conçu pour préparer de l'énergie électrique à partir de sources d'énergies renouvelables, lequel système comprend une installation au biogaz qui prépare de l'énergie électrique, et au moins un autre convertisseur d'énergie qui prépare de l'énergie électrique et dont la puissance récupérable dépend de facteurs d'influence externes, notamment de l'apport éolien et/ou de l'ensoleillement. L'énergie électrique de l'installation au biogaz et l'énergie électrique du ou des autres convertisseurs d'énergie alimentent un réseau d'alimentation commun. Cette invention est caractérisée en ce que l'installation au biogaz présente une turbine à gaz avec un générateur électrique, laquelle turbine est entraînée au moyen du biogaz produit dans l'installation au biogaz et la chaleur résiduelle issue de cette turbine peut être transférée à l'installation au biogaz par le biais d'un échangeur thermique.
EP08734868A 2007-04-02 2008-03-28 Système hybride comprenant une installation au biogaz Withdrawn EP2142778A2 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102007016281A DE102007016281A1 (de) 2007-04-02 2007-04-02 Hybridanlage mit einer Biogasanlage
PCT/EP2008/002496 WO2008119516A2 (fr) 2007-04-02 2008-03-28 Système hybride comprenant une installation au biogaz

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EP2142778A2 true EP2142778A2 (fr) 2010-01-13

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US (1) US8373305B2 (fr)
EP (1) EP2142778A2 (fr)
AU (1) AU2008234157A1 (fr)
CA (1) CA2682619A1 (fr)
DE (2) DE102007016281A1 (fr)
WO (1) WO2008119516A2 (fr)

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EP2722497A1 (fr) * 2012-10-18 2014-04-23 Martin F. Wimmer Centrale électrique
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CN103684213B (zh) * 2013-12-13 2016-01-06 山西绿色光电产业科学技术研究院（有限公司） 风光互补系统设计方法
CN203691324U (zh) * 2014-01-22 2014-07-02 南京工业职业技术学院 一种风光互补移动基站智能供电系统
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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE102007016281A1 (de) 2008-10-16
WO2008119516A3 (fr) 2009-10-15
CA2682619A1 (fr) 2008-10-09
US20100148585A1 (en) 2010-06-17
WO2008119516A2 (fr) 2008-10-09
US8373305B2 (en) 2013-02-12
DE202007016035U1 (de) 2008-02-21
AU2008234157A1 (en) 2008-10-09

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