EP2140052B1 - Dispositif d'ecartement servant a ecarter des faisceaux de filaments de fibres, et dispositif correspondant de fabrication de préformes - Google Patents

Dispositif d'ecartement servant a ecarter des faisceaux de filaments de fibres, et dispositif correspondant de fabrication de préformes Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2140052B1
EP2140052B1 EP08717708.5A EP08717708A EP2140052B1 EP 2140052 B1 EP2140052 B1 EP 2140052B1 EP 08717708 A EP08717708 A EP 08717708A EP 2140052 B1 EP2140052 B1 EP 2140052B1
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Prior art keywords
spreading
fiber
laying
preform
edge
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EP08717708.5A
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German (de)
English (en)
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EP2140052A1 (fr
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Oliver Meyer
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Airbus Defence and Space GmbH
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EADS Deutschland GmbH
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    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D02—YARNS; MECHANICAL FINISHING OF YARNS OR ROPES; WARPING OR BEAMING
    • D02J—FINISHING OR DRESSING OF FILAMENTS, YARNS, THREADS, CORDS, ROPES OR THE LIKE
    • D02J1/00—Modifying the structure or properties resulting from a particular structure; Modifying, retaining, or restoring the physical form or cross-sectional shape, e.g. by use of dies or squeeze rollers
    • D02J1/18—Separating or spreading
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
    • D04H—MAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
    • D04H3/00—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of yarns or like filamentary material of substantial length
    • D04H3/002—Inorganic yarns or filaments
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
    • D04H—MAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
    • D04H3/00—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of yarns or like filamentary material of substantial length
    • D04H3/02—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of yarns or like filamentary material of substantial length characterised by the method of forming fleeces or layers, e.g. reorientation of yarns or filaments
    • D04H3/04—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of yarns or like filamentary material of substantial length characterised by the method of forming fleeces or layers, e.g. reorientation of yarns or filaments in rectilinear paths, e.g. crossing at right angles
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
    • D04H—MAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
    • D04H3/00—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of yarns or like filamentary material of substantial length
    • D04H3/08—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of yarns or like filamentary material of substantial length characterised by the method of strengthening or consolidating
    • D04H3/12—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of yarns or like filamentary material of substantial length characterised by the method of strengthening or consolidating with filaments or yarns secured together by chemical or thermo-activatable bonding agents, e.g. adhesives, applied or incorporated in liquid or solid form

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a spreading device for spreading fiber filament bundles to a flat sliver according to the preamble of the appended claim 1, as shown in FR 21 48 729 A is known.
  • the spreading device according to the invention is particularly suitable for use in a method and an apparatus for producing a preform for a force flow compatible fiber composite structure.
  • the invention relates to a provided with such a spreading preform manufacturing device.
  • fiber composite materials offer an outstanding lightweight construction potential.
  • the principle is that, in particular, high-strength and stiff fibers are embedded in a matrix in a load-compatible manner, resulting in components with outstanding mechanical properties, which are typically 25% lighter than aluminum and 50% lighter than comparable performance steel structures.
  • a disadvantage lies in the high material costs and in particular in the complex, mostly manual production.
  • fiber-reinforced plastics in particular when using oriented long fibers, for example carbon fibers, are characterized by very high strength and rigidity with low weight. In addition, they have a high weight-specific energy absorption capacity and good fatigue properties.
  • anisotropic materials may be produced which have direction-dependent mechanical properties.
  • a material may have different properties in length than in width.
  • fiber-reinforced plastics today a high percentage of the structural weight is already made of fiber-reinforced plastics today.
  • the reinforcing fibers are arranged in parallel (unidirectional) and embedded in a matrix.
  • semi-finished products are produced, which are wound up as a thin layer onto a roll.
  • these layers are cut according to the component contour and laminated mainly by hand layer by layer in a tool.
  • the curing takes place under pressure and temperature in an autoclave.
  • the resulting components have a very high lightweight potential, but the production is very complex and expensive.
  • the material researchers have therefore been investigating the question of how fibers are arranged in a load-bearing, three-dimensional and contoured manner as close as possible to the final contour of the component in an automated process.
  • preforms In order to produce fiber composite structures with fibers arranged in accordance with the force flow, so-called preforms have previously been produced in addition to prepregs for selected applications as semi-finished textile products. These are usually two- or three-dimensional structures with load-oriented fiber alignment. So far, for this purpose, by means of textile technology continuous fibers laid in the loading direction and by means of textile technology, usually by sewing, knitting or the like, prefixed. Examples of apparatus and methods for making such preforms can be found in the DE 30 03 666 A1 , of the DE 196 24 912 A1 , of the DE 197 26 831 A1 as well as the DE 100 05 202 A1 ,
  • the known processes for producing preforms are complicated in application and process technology.
  • the production of a correspondingly flow-oriented designed component is not possible.
  • the fibers can not be oriented arbitrarily along defined curved paths, and the fiber content can not be varied locally.
  • rovings are woven into the textile preform in the previously described preform production process.
  • 12k rovings with 12000 individual filaments are used.
  • a uniform penetration of such rovings with the material of the matrix is very difficult to accomplish.
  • Fig. 4 a schematic diagram of an already from the DE 715801 A known old mechanical spreading principle.
  • a fiber strand 14 successively passes through a curved bar 76 and then a straight bar 78.
  • the combination of a straight and a curved bar provides in Fig. 4 illustrated, basically known radius spreaders that the tensile force acting on the fiber is redirected. It now also acts a force that presses the fiber on the curved rod. At the highest point of the deflection, the highest force acts on the filaments. With increasing distance from this point, the power is reduced. That is, filaments can avoid the load as they move outward on the curved bar.
  • the spreader result depends on the tensile force on the fiber, the friction between the fiber and the rod, the position of the rods to each other and from the bending of the rod, as the spreader result looks like. At an extreme bend, the difference is the acting one Forces between the highest point and an outer position are so great that the surface friction of the rod no longer plays a role.
  • the filaments will abruptly move outward, ie the fiber strand 14 would slip or split. If the bend is too small, then the spread ratio is too low. Thus, the spreader result is very irregular, it results in an irregular fiber distribution. In particular, the spreading result depends very much on the material quality.
  • From the DE 42 21 163 A1 discloses a spreading device for spreading individual filaments of fiber filament bundles, wherein the fiber filament bundles are clamped between pairs of rolls and inserted between the respective roller pairs moldings.
  • the moldings have convexly curved edge portions to perform the spreading.
  • the fiber filament bundles run continuously over the moldings.
  • the fiber filament bundles to be spread run successively over a plurality of shaped bodies with curved edge regions.
  • a spreading device which can be used in a method for producing cloths made of plastic threads.
  • the known spreading device has two rotary shafts with radial projections.
  • the radial projections have convexly curved edge regions.
  • a first rotary shaft engages from a first side to a réellesp Schwarzendes bundle of fibers.
  • a second rotary shaft acts on the fiber bundle from the opposite second side.
  • the rotary shafts are arranged one behind the other in the fiber path, wherein a pair of rollers is provided therebetween. The fiber bundles are thus clamped between the roller pair and the respective individual convexly curved edge regions of one of the rotary shafts.
  • the spreading device has at least one convexly curved spreading edge, which moves with at least one directional component perpendicular to the longitudinal extent of the fiber filament bundle relative thereto so that this is placed on the convexly curved spreading edge under tension and then again with at least one directional component perpendicular to the Moved fiber filament bundle, so that it dissolves from the spreading edge.
  • the spreading device has two opposing rotary shafts with radial projections in the form of wings, on whose radially outermost regions edge regions are formed, of which at least one is designed as a convex arcuate spreading edge.
  • the rotary shafts are arranged rotating in opposite directions, so that the fiber filament bundle introduced under tension into the spreading device can be clamped between the edge regions with varying clamping force.
  • a preform can be produced by first spreading a fiber filament bundle, preferably a roving, flat. From this spread fiber filament bundle then a sliver piece, in the following description also called patch, preferably cut with a predefined length. Subsequently, the sliver piece is picked up by means of a laying device and placed at a predefined position. There, the sliver piece is fixed by means of a binder material. The cutting, laying and fixing of sliver pieces is repeated with the sliver pieces being placed and fixed at different predefined positions.
  • the desired preform is formed from the plurality of patches fixed to one another and / or to possible further constituents of the preform with a fiber orientation which is commensurate with the flow force.
  • This also makes it possible, for example, to selectively reinforce a region of a conventionally produced preform, for example by depositing patches at particularly stressed points in accordance with the flow of forces.
  • such a method which can also be termed fiber patch preforming technology, enables the positionally accurate application of short fiber pieces (patches) by means of a special laying process.
  • the required properties of the preform can be fulfilled by the orientation and number of fiber pieces.
  • a fiber filament bundle in particular a roving
  • a fiber filament bundle can be spread particularly flat and evenly.
  • thickening or other undesirable fiber concentrations can be avoided, and the individual filaments can be better embedded in the matrix.
  • the invention is also useful for other applications where a shallow and uniform spreading of fiber bundles formed from individual fibers is desirable.
  • a roving in particular a carbon roving is preferably used.
  • the spreading device in particular a wider spreading of the individual filaments of a roving than with previously known techniques is possible. In an advantageous embodiment, it is thus possible to provide as flat as possible a sliver of as few layers of adjacent individual filaments as possible.
  • the spreading device for this purpose has a spreading device and a downstream loosening device.
  • Fig. 1 is a generally designated 10 preform manufacturing device is shown in the overview.
  • a complicated textile semifinished product can be produced in a simple manner with fiber filaments running in accordance with the flow of force for the production of fiber composite structures even with a complicated construction of the semifinished product.
  • Such semi-finished textile products are called preforms.
  • the production of these preforms takes place in the device according to Fig. 1 from individual short fiber pieces fixed by means of binder material, which have been previously cut from a specially pre-processed fiber filament strand or sliver.
  • the preform manufacturing device can thus be divided into a processing group 12 for processing the sliver 14 and into a cutting and laying group 16 for cutting slivers and laying them. With a dot-dash line the possible separation 17 between these groups 12 and 16 is indicated.
  • Fig. 1 shows a first embodiment of such a cutting and laying group 16; a second embodiment of such a cutting and laying group 16 is in Fig. 8 shown.
  • the preform manufacturing device 10 has a roll-off device 18, a spreading device 20, a binding device 22, a cutting device 24, a transport device 26, a laying device 28 and a preform 30.
  • These individual devices 18, 20, 22, 24, 26, 28 and 30 are each marketable and usable without the respective other devices to fulfill their purposes.
  • the local disclosure includes Therefore, the respective devices 12, 16, 18, 20, 22, 24, 26, 28, 30 each individually and alone.
  • the unwinding device 18 is used to supply a fiber filament strand, for example a roving 32.
  • the unwinding device 18 is, as will be explained in more detail below, designed such that a twist-free unrolling of the roving 32 is made possible.
  • a carbon roving is used in the illustrated embodiment.
  • the spreading device 20 serves to spread the individual filaments of the roving 32 as widely as possible, so as to provide as flat a sliver as possible 14 from as few layers of juxtaposed individual filaments.
  • the spreading device 20 as will be explained in more detail below, a spreader 34 and a loosening device 36.
  • the binding device 22 serves to provide filaments of the sliver 14 and / or individual slivers thereof with a binder material 38 which serves to fix the sliver pieces in the preform.
  • the binding device 22 is part of the dressing group 12 and is thus used to provide the spread fiber sliver 14 with binder material 38.
  • the preform manufacturing device 10 can be additionally or alternatively assign a binding device 22 of the cutting and laying group 16, to then provide the already cut fiber pieces with binder material 38.
  • the cutting device 24 is designed to cut pieces of defined length from the sliver 14 (fiber pieces).
  • the individual fiber band pieces are referred to below as patches 40, 40 ', 40 ".
  • the transport device 26 is used to singulate the patches 40 and transport them to the laying device 28.
  • the laying device 28 is designed such that it can detect individual patches 40 and place them at predefined positions, here on the preform 30.
  • the preform 30 serves to give the preform 42 a predetermined three-dimensional surface design.
  • the preform manufacturing device 10 further comprises a control device 44 here having a plurality of controls 44a, 44b, which controls the individual devices 12, 18, 20, 22, 26, 30 in such a manner that, in the manner of a patchwork blanket or with the individual patches 40 the preform 42 is formed.
  • the preform production device 10 can thus be used to automatically carry out the following production method for producing a preform 42 for a force flow-compatible fiber composite structure:
  • a fiber filament bundle in the form of the roving 32 is spread and provided with the binder material 38 that can be thermally activated in the present exemplary embodiment.
  • the thus-provided tied fiber sliver 14 is then cut into the pieces of defined length - patches 40 -.
  • the patches 40 are singulated and transported to the laying device 28.
  • the laying device 28 places each patch 40 at a respectively predefined position 46 on the preform 30 and presses the patch 40 onto the preform 30.
  • the preform production device 10 can thus be used to carry out a fiber patch preforming technology which, by means of a special laying process, enables the positionally accurate application of short pieces of fiber. On the orientation and number of fiber pieces, the required properties of the preform 42 can be met. As a result, fibers can be oriented along defined curved paths; and the fiber content can vary locally.
  • a fiber cutting unit cuts the specially prefabricated, tied fiber slivers 14 into short pieces, and transfers them to a vacuum conveyor belt 50 of the transport device 26.
  • the transfer of the patches 40 from the vacuum conveyor 50 to a laying head 52 of the laying device 28 is carried out over a combination of suction and Abblasmodulen.
  • the laying head 52 heats the patch 40 during transport to the place of deposition and thereby activates the binding material 38.
  • the laying head 52 presses the patch 40 to the predefined location and then releases with a blow-off pulse. The laying head 52 then returns to the starting position.
  • 42 expanded carbon fibers are used instead of semi-finished textile products for producing the preforms.
  • the length of the fibers is very short (a few centimeters) compared to prefabricated fabrics using long fibers.
  • the short fibers can be laid relatively accurately along complex force pathways.
  • textile blanks In previously used for the production of such preforms textile blanks only preferred orientations can be adjusted. As a result, extreme geometric shapes can be represented with the technology presented here.
  • the manufacturing process is fully automated and thickness variations within a preform and / or altered fiber volume contents can be obtained.
  • Fig. 1 illustrated embodiment of the preform manufacturing device 10 is used in the cutting and laying group 16 as a fiber cutting a laser 54, the processor controlled exactly relative to the sliver 14 is movable.
  • Fig. 1 as a laying mechanism 184 for movement of the laying head 52, a robot arm indicated.
  • the preform 30 is precise and rotatable relative thereto and is rotatable to easily create various complex 3-D structures of preforms 42.
  • a basic idea of the embodiment of fiber patch preforming technology presented here is to spread carbon fiber rovings 32 as broadly as possible, coat them with binder powder and cut them into defined long pieces, so-called patches 40, using a new cutting technique. These patches 40 are then picked up by the special laying device 28, placed at a predefined position and fixed by the binder material 38. This makes it possible to produce a wide variety of component geometries and fiber architectures.
  • Fiber spreading provides a basis for avoiding localized accumulation of fiber ends within the composite later, as these may cause stress concentrations and, in the worst case scenario, lead to component failure.
  • Spreading reduces the thickness of the roving 32.
  • more continuous fibers can reach the area of influence of a fiber end and compensate for voltage peaks.
  • the step at the cut end of a roving 32 is reduced.
  • Such a step could be up to 250 ⁇ m high in an unspread roving and would result in deflection of the overlying carbon fiber from the direction of force flow.
  • twists of the roving 32 should be avoided, since transverse filaments could constrict a splayed roving again.
  • the tension inside the roving 32 should be in be spread state constant, as by voltage differences, the spread width and spread quality could be influenced.
  • the unwinding device 18 which in the following with reference to Fig. 2 is explained in more detail, serves to be able to deliver a roving 32 from a supply spool 56 without rotation and to compensate for the oscillation of the roving 32 when deducted from the supply spool 56.
  • the unwinding device 18 has a movable mounting 58 of the supply reel 56 such that the supply reel 56 moves according to the position of the region of the roving 32 that is about to be unrolled, so that the unwinding position remains as constant as possible.
  • the bearing 58 has a carriage 62 mounted along a linear guide 60.
  • the carriage 62 is movable by means of stepper motors and in the example shown here by means of a drive spindle in the direction of the axis of rotation of the supply spool 56.
  • the movement of the carriage 62 is driven by a motor 66 with integrated control.
  • a sensor 68 observes the current position 70 of the roving 32 and thus controls the rotational movement of the motor 66.
  • a sensor 68 serves a spatially resolving photodiode 72, which in Fig. 3 is shown together with its characteristic.
  • a diode array of the photodiode 72 registers the shadow of the roving 32 and outputs the position via an amplifier circuit (not explicitly shown) as an analog signal.
  • the center of a shadow corresponds to a specific voltage value depending on location.
  • the analog signal is passed as a bipolar voltage signal to the control of the motor 66, wherein 0 volts corresponds to the sensor center.
  • the sensor 68 is flashed with an IR LED headlamp at a certain frequency, for example 10 KHz, in order to prevent the measurement signal from being influenced by ambient light.
  • This sensor 68 is optimized for the special requirements of a roll compensating the position of the roving 32 on the supply reel 56 and allows further adjustments such as mid-point shift and bend adjustment.
  • the combination of spatially resolving photodiode 72 and controlled servomotor 66 has the advantage that the countermovement in dependence the current movement speed of the roving 32 is triggered. At slow take-off speeds, relatively slow compensation movements are triggered, while high take-off speeds trigger correspondingly rapid counter-movements. As a result, the roving 32 is largely unrolled as a flat ribbon 74 unrolled. At the end of the unwinding device 18, the roving 32 rotates in an S-shaped movement two rolls 75, here two waisted Brassröllchen, which also calm down last oscillations.
  • the unwinding device 18 can be different than in Fig. 1 shown also operate completely autonomous from the other modules and basically requires only one power supply, such as a power connection.
  • the roving 32 passes through an unwinding path in the spreading device 20 following the unwinding device 18.
  • the spreading device 20 initially has the spreading device 34, which is described in greater detail in FIG Fig. 5 is shown and their principle of action first on the basis of Fig. 4 is explained.
  • Fig. 4 shows a schematic diagram of an already from the DE 715801 A known old mechanical spreading principle.
  • a roving 32 successively passes through a curved bar 76 and then a straight bar 78.
  • the combination of a straight bar and a curved bar provides in Fig. 4 illustrated, basically known radius spreaders that the tensile force acting on the fiber is redirected. It now also acts a force that presses the fiber on the curved rod. At the highest point of the deflection, the highest force acts on the filaments. With increasing distance from this point, the power is reduced. That is, filaments can avoid the load as they move outward on the curved bar.
  • Fig. 4 illustrated spreaders for the industrial processing of Rovings 32 for preparation for preform production on an industrial scale not suitable.
  • errors in the roving 32 such as twists, crevices or folds, would result in slippage or splitting in the spread material.
  • the spreader 34 shown solves problems with the material quality of rovings or other réellesp Schwarzenden fiber filament bundles by the roving 32 and the fiber filament bundle is always placed again on at least one convexly curved spreading edge.
  • the spreader 34 has at least one convexly curved spreading edge 80 which moves with at least one directional component perpendicular to the longitudinal extent of the roving 32 or the other fiber filament bundle relative to this so that this is placed on the convexly curved spreading edge 80 under tension and then again with at least one directional component perpendicularly away from the roving 32 or the fiber filament bundle so that it detaches from the spreading edge 80.
  • the at least one spreading edge 80 is formed in a practical embodiment on a radial projection 82 on a rotary shaft 84.
  • two rotary shafts 84, 86 are provided with radial projections 82, wherein the rotary shafts 84, 86 rotate in opposite directions to each other.
  • second radial projections 88 are also provided, which terminate with straight edges 90.
  • a spreading device in which at least one convexly curved spreading edge 80 and at least one rectilinear edge 90 can move from opposite directions onto the roving 32 or the filament bundle until the roving 32 or filament bundle is similar to that in FIG Fig. 4 shown manner between the edges 80, 90 is spread.
  • the edges 80, 90 are also returned to the relief of the roving 32 and the Faserfilamentbündels again in the opposite direction.
  • edges of all the wings 94 are designed as convexly radially outwardly bent spreading edges 80.
  • the fibers are spread apart between two mutually oppositely curved spreading edges 80.
  • the spreader 34 is formed, so to speak, as a wing spreader, which ensures a constantly renewed support of the roving 32 on spreading edges 80.
  • a size on the roving 32 or the fiber filament bundle is broken by the mutual bending, and the filaments can move independently of each other.
  • the spreading device 20 is followed by the spreading device 34 designed as a wing spreader in the conveying direction of the roving 32 further the loosening device 36, which is configured in the embodiment presented here as a suction chamber according to the so-called Fukui principle.
  • the suction chamber 96 may be of the type as shown in FIG US-A-6 032 342 is described.
  • the loosened and pre-spread roving 32 is thereby pulled by a strong laminar air flow 98 into the suction chamber 96.
  • the individual filaments 100 are flowed around by air and can relatively easily slide over one another.
  • the suction chamber 96 can compensate for slight variations in the voltage of the roving 32.
  • the filament bundles are often guided freely and passed through eyelets.
  • parts of the filaments 100 can rotate around the rest of the bundle and lead to Rovingeinschnürungen already in the production.
  • these defects are barely visible at first because the filament bundle is pulled flat.
  • transverse roving parts are clearly visible. This effect can lead to gaps and displacements in the roving 32, which negatively affect the spreading quality.
  • a multi-stage spreading is provided in a not explicitly illustrated embodiment of the invention, in which the spreading ratio is increased gradually.
  • a first spreading device 34 and a first loosening device 36 are provided for spreading the roving 32 to a first width dimension, for example to a value between 8 and 16 mm.
  • a further spreading device 34 and a further loosening device 36 with larger dimensions than the first spreading device and the first loosening device so as to perform a spreading to a greater width, for example a value between 20 and 35 mm.
  • the roving 32 as a wide thin band, the sliver 14, before.
  • Binding device 22 shown in principle carried out.
  • the binding device 22 is formed from the basic principle according to the form of a powder spreader, as it is for example in the US-A-3,518,810 , of the US-A-2 489 846 , of the US-A-2 394 657 , of the US-A-2 057 538 or the US-A-2 613 633 is described. He has therefore a funnel 102, at the output of a provided with radial elevations 104 roller 106 passes.
  • the roller 106 is in the illustrated embodiment, a knurled steel roller, which takes over the powder transport with its rough surface. This roller 106 is in turn processed by a spreading roller 108, which removes the powdery binder material 38 from the roller 106 and scatters on the passing below the sliver 14.
  • a voltage U can be applied between the sliver 14 and the application mechanism, so that the powder, as in the case of a powder coating, electrostatically adheres to the sliver 14.
  • the transport roller 106 and the Ausbürstwalze 108 are driven by two separate electric motors 110 and 112 in order to set the scattering parameters as free as possible.
  • the control takes place via a control device 114, which may be part of the control device 44.
  • the hopper 102 is not fixedly secured to the remainder of the binding device 22, but held to a holder 116 that allows for compensating movements.
  • An advantage of the holder 116 is that the funnel 102 can oscillate during operation and the powder is shaken automatically downwards.
  • the powder is sprinkled in an exactly metered amount onto the surface of the rovings 32 passing through it at a defined speed, for example in the range of 3 to 6 m / min. Excess powder falls past the roving 32 in a receiver (not shown) and can later be re-introduced into the process.
  • the binding device 22 also has a heating device 118 in order to fix the powder particles of the binder material 38, which melts at heating temperatures, to the surface of the filaments 100.
  • the heater 118 has an approximately 100 to 500 mm long heating section.
  • the preferred embodiment of the heater 118 is equipped with radiant heaters, here with infrared radiant heaters 120.
  • the heating power of the heater 118 can be accurately adjusted by the controller 114.
  • the binder particles are easily melted and bind to the fiber surface.
  • the so-specially prefabricated sliver 14 is fed to the cutting device, where it is inserted into the patches 40, 40 '. 40 "is divided and then moved by means of the laying device 28.
  • Fig. 1 Figure a shows a split-group design 12, 16 using the film spools 121 as an example of intermediate storage.
  • the groups 12, 16 could also be at separate production sites.
  • Fig. 8 is a second embodiment of the cutting and laying group 16 shown in more detail.
  • the cutting device 24 has a fiber cutting unit 122 with a knife device 124 and a counter-roller 126 as well as with at least one or a plurality of conveying rollers 128, as shown here.
  • the knife device 124 can be actuated depending on the rotational speed of the counter-roller 126 and / or the conveyor rollers 128 for cutting patches 40 with a defined length.
  • the knife device 124 has a (not shown) coupling mechanism which couples a drive of the blade device 124 with a drive for the rollers 126, 128.
  • the knife device 124 is provided in the illustrated example with a knife roller 130, which has at least one, here several knife edge 132 as a radial projection.
  • the knife roller 130 is in the illustrated embodiment further coupled by the coupling device, not shown, to the drive of the backing roll 126 that move the knife edges 132 at the same peripheral speed as the surface of the backing roll 126.
  • the cutting device shown has a coupling cutter 134, in which two pairs of conveyor rollers 128 and a rubberized counter roller 126 by means of a motor not shown via a central positive gear, for example via a toothed belt (not shown) is driven.
  • the conveyor rollers 128 pull in an endless fiber belt - here in particular the spread fiber sliver 14 - and guide it over the counter-roller 126 rotating at the same speed.
  • a cutter bar 136 in waiting position. If a cut is to be made, an electromagnetic clutch engages the cutter bar 136 in the cutterbar movement. At the point of contact, the cutter bar 136 and the counter roller 126 have the same rotational speed. The material to be cut is broken by a knife blade 138. Thereafter, the cutter bar 136 is disengaged and with a braking device, for example with an electromagnetic brake - not shown - stopped.
  • the second pair of conveyor rollers 128 transport the blanks.
  • the coupling cutter 134 allows the distortion-free cutting of spread slivers.
  • the cutting cycle, or the cutting length can be changed computer-controlled during operation.
  • the braking device ensures that the knife roller 130 is always locked when the clutch is not turned on.
  • the clutch and brake operation via a common changeover relay (not shown), therefore the disturbances are excluded by program errors.
  • a non-illustrated sensor device such as an inductive proximity switch, registers the position of the knife and ensures a braking of the knife in a horizontal position. If a cutting command is triggered by the connected controller, for example the control device 44, the knife roller 130 engages, accelerates and makes a cut. If, as provided in the embodiment, the knife roller 130 at this moment the same Circumferential speed has like the counter-roller 126, the knife blade 138 is not bent, and there is a much longer knife life, comparable to a simple shock knife. After the cutting operation, the knife roller 130 is disengaged and decelerated and held at the same position as at the beginning. The cutting length is programmed in a control software.
  • Fig. 10 shows the schematic sequence of the cutting unit control. How out Fig. 10 can be seen, depending on the feed rate of the cutting unit of the cutting cycle is specified.
  • the minimum cutting length is due to the dimensions of the knife roller 130 and counter roller 126 and is for example in the order of the width of the spread sliver 14.
  • the maximum cutting length is theoretically unlimited.
  • the patches 40, 40 ', 40 are forwarded after the cutting device 24 to the transport device 26, the patches 40, 40', 40" with a greater transport speed than the conveying speed of the sliver 14 to or in the cutting device 24 away from the cutting device 24.
  • the patches 40, 40 ', 40 "are separated and provided with a sufficiently large distance from one another.
  • the transport device 26 is provided with a holding device which holds the patches 40, 40', 40" to the transport device and with a transfer device, which the patches 40, 40 ', 40 "passes to the laying head 52 of the laying device 28.
  • the retaining device and the transfer device are realized here in the form of the vacuum conveyor belt 50.
  • a large-volume suction chamber 140 distributes the suction power of a vacuum source, not shown, for example, a suction fan, over the entire transport device 26.
  • a provided with many continuous pores band, such as a polypropylene belt, is guided over a 140 covering the suction chamber 140 perforated plate.
  • the transport device 26 is driven by a coupling to a conveying unit of the cutting device 24.
  • the vacuum conveyor belt 50 is coupled to the positive-locking gear which drives the conveyor rollers 128 and the counter-roller 126.
  • a corresponding transmission ratio for example a transmission ratio of 1 to 2 ensures a sufficiently large distance between the patches 40, 40 ', 40 ".At the end of the transport path is a suction blow-off chamber 144, which is operated with a pneumatic vacuum module
  • a blow-off impulse is triggered at the correct moment, which conveys the patch 40 onto the laying head 52.
  • the patch 40 is passed over the suction blow-off chamber 144.
  • the laying head 52 sucks the patch 40, heats it up and transports it with a predetermined orientation to its predetermined position.
  • FIG. 12 is a particularly advantageous cutting edge shape with complementary to each other convex or concave curved cutting edges 152, 154 shown.
  • the oppositely directed cutting edges 152, 154 on each patch 40 are curved in a circular arc.
  • the cutting edges 152, 154 of patches 40, 40 ', 40 "lying one behind the other can be very closely juxtaposed even when the patches 40, 40', 40" are bent, without gaps or thickening being created.
  • To this Way can be occupied with a corresponding dense system of fiber pieces and narrower radii of curvature of the tracks 148 with corresponding fiber orientations.
  • the fixation of the patches 40, 40 ', 40 can be done by overlapping with adjacent or overlying or underlying patches (not shown).
  • a preform 192 is designed for a power flow-compatible fiber composite structure for a window funnel, for example for a fuselage of an aerospace device.
  • the patches 40, 40 ', 40 are oriented according to the power flow lines.
  • the illustrated ring shape can be achieved in terms of process technology, for example, by a defined rotatable preform 30, as indicated by the arrows 156 in FIG Fig. 1 is shown.
  • the laying head 52 is intended to fulfill the function of receiving a piece of fiber or patch 40, 40 ', 40 "and to transport it to the next predetermined position 46 on the preform 30 where a patch 40, 40', 40" is to be laid.
  • the laying head 52 has a retaining device.
  • the retaining device is designed as a suction device 158.
  • the binder material 38 is activated during transport with the laying head 52.
  • the laying head 52 has an activating device for activating of binder material 38.
  • the activation device is formed depending on the binder material used. If z. B. an activatable by an additive binder material used, then the laying head has a device for adding this additive.
  • the same active binder material such as an adhesive, supplied only during the transport of the patch on the laying head.
  • the laying head has a device for adding the binder material.
  • the activation device is designed as a heating device 160 in the illustrated embodiment.
  • the laying head 52 can securely attach the patch 40, 40 ', 40 "to more complicated three-dimensional surface configurations of the preform 30.
  • the laying head 52 is provided with a pressing device which is used to press the transported patch 40 against different surface configurations
  • the pressing device has a flexible surface 164, on which the patch 40 can be held fast by means of the retaining device
  • the flexible surface 164 is further preferably formed on an elastic support element 166.
  • Fig. 14 shows a cross section through a laying punch 168 of the laying head 52, which unites the retaining device, the activation device and the pressing device.
  • the in Fig. 14 The laying die 168 shown thus has the suction device 158, the heating device 160 and the pressing device 162 with the flexible surface 164 on the elastic support member 166.
  • Fig. 15 shows a bottom view of the flexible surface 164.
  • the laying stamp 168 can be used to fix fiber pieces (patches) tied in fiber patch preforming technology (FPP) and cut into defined geometries according to a laying plan (for example, the in Fig. 11 reproduced laying plan) are stored with exact position.
  • the laying stamp 168 is one central component of the laying technique and can also be used in other geometric variations. There are z. B. cuboid or roll-shaped laying temple conceivable.
  • the Legest Zi 168 is designed as a silicone stamp.
  • the surface fit of the silicone die is similar to the tampon printing technique. However, here the appropriate application is made in a technologically completely different area.
  • the laying punch 168 is able to take fiber blanks quickly and gently via an integrated intake-suction device 158-and to transport them to a defined storage location.
  • a heater-160 integrated into the contact surface -flexible surface 164 -heats the material and thereby activates a binder-binder material 38-on the fiber blank.
  • the fiber blank is pressed onto the surface, with the soft stamp material conforming to the surface geometry.
  • a blow-off pulse is triggered, the binder material 38 is cooled, and the fiber material remains at the deposit location.
  • the laying die 168 enables the production of fiber patch preforms 42.
  • the non-illustrated part of the suction device 158 is provided with conventional pneumatic sources and pneumatic controls (not shown).
  • the flexible surface 164 is shown as an elastic heating surface 172 with suction and Abblaskanälen 174.
  • the elastic support element 166 is seated on a coupling plate 4 which is provided with releasable fastening elements (not shown) for fastening the laying punch 168 to a positioning device 176 (see FIG Fig. 16 ) is provided.
  • thermocouple 178 is provided as a control part of the heater 160.
  • a highly flexible power line 180 connects the thermocouple 178 to the elastic heating surface 172.
  • Fig. 15 is the suction surface - flexible surface 164 - shown with the suction and Abblaskanälen 174.
  • individual fiber patches 40 are arranged to form a three-dimensional preform 42, 192.
  • a suitable laying technique converts the construction plan into reality.
  • the laying device 28 takes over the tied and cut fiber patches 40 from the vacuum conveyor belt 50, which is associated with the cutting device 24, and places the fiber patches 40 on a surface as fast as possible.
  • the fiber patches 40, 40 ', 40 are deposited on a surface of the preform 30.
  • the patches 40, 40 ', 40 "are to be pressed onto the shaping surface to form a stable preform 42.
  • the laying punch 168 should be as soft as possible in order to be able to adapt to a three-dimensional surface with uniform force 1, that a certain amount of heat can be provided shortly before depositing to activate the binder material 38.
  • the flexible surface 164 is equipped with the heating device 160, which influences the mechanical properties of the stamp material as little as possible 50, a planar fixation of the filigree fiber patches 40 is also advantageous in the case of the laying punch 168.
  • the flexible surface 164 also has a suction function.
  • the production of the laying stamp 168 is based on the production of tampon printing stamps from the printing technology.
  • tampon printing stamps there are a number of special silicones that can withstand the constant mechanical alternating loads for a long time. From these silicones, a silicone rubber is selected which corresponds as well as possible to the additional requirements due to the heating device 160 and the contact with binder material 38. Since a heating is integrated in the laying die 168, attempts have been made to temperature stability of the stamp material. It is advantageous if the laying punch 168 can endure continuous temperatures up to 200 ° C. A plasticizer for the silicone material is selected according to these requirements.
  • the power lines 180 are advantageously formed by means of a carbon fiber yarn.
  • the high flexibility of such a yarn does not lead to a stiffening of the flexible surface 164.
  • such a fiber can withstand several 100,000 load cycles.
  • the thermal conductivity of the elastic support member 166 can be increased by adding heat conduction in the silicone.
  • the flexible surface has a dressing portion of about 10-30 weight percent sufficient thermal conductivity, so that a Heating element of the heater 160 and the flexible surface 164 can be maintained at approximately the same temperature.
  • the suction and Abblaskanäle 174 were integrated, which merge inside the laying block 168 via a chamber 182.
  • a suction flow (not shown) is inserted, which prevents collapse when pressing the laying punch 168.
  • the flexible surface 164 is formed of a flexible material having antistatic properties.
  • reproduced laying mechanism 184 is used to move the laying punch 168 to transport fiber patches 40 from the cutting device 24 to the predefined position 46.
  • the laying mechanics 184 allows a fast laying cycle and an adjustable deflection angle.
  • the patch 40 is transferred non-contact from the vacuum conveyor 50 to the laying die 168.
  • the control device 44 triggers a blow-off pulse of the suction / blow-off chamber 144 of the vacuum conveyor 50 after a set delay time as a function of a cutting command.
  • the patch 40 is transferred via a few millimeters (about 0.5 -10 mm) airway to the absorbent laying die 168. Thereafter, the sequence of movements of the laying mechanism 184 begins.
  • the laying mechanism 184 has a first translational drive for transporting the laying punch 168 from the receiving position to a position above the predetermined position.
  • This first drive is in the illustrated embodiment the laying mechanics 184 designed as a horizontal pneumatic cylinder 186.
  • This horizontal pneumatic cylinder 186 can move the laying punch 168 from its receiving position over the deposit.
  • a second drive here in the form of a vertical pneumatic cylinder 188, presses the laying punch 168, preferably with adjustable pressure, on the surface.
  • the plunger surface is kept permanently at an adjustable temperature so that the binder can activate its stickiness.
  • the binder material 38 cools and solidifies. Controlled by the control device 44, a blow-off pulse is triggered in the suction device 158 of the die 168; The laying temple dissolves thereby and then moves back to its starting position.
  • the separating properties of the silicone are advantageous because no binder material 38 remains on the stamp.
  • a third drive which is designed in the embodiment in the form of a stepping motor 190 with spline system 191
  • the laying punch 168 can be rotated.
  • a very high cycle rate of more than two laying operations per second has been planned. For example, five laying operations per second or more are performed. With a patch length of 60 mm and using a 12k roving, this results in a theoretical fiber throughput of 14.4 g / min. For example, if one wishes to cover one square meter with fiber patches 40 in the thickness of a biaxial scrim (approximately 500 gsm), then the preform production device 10 would require approximately 35 minutes for this. Shorter times can be achieved by using multiple laying devices 28, for example, using multiple robots that work together on a surface.
  • the FPP technology in the currently presented form is particularly suitable for the reinforcement of other preform types as well as for thin-walled and complex components. So z. B. to think of the reinforcement of hole edges on Mulitaxialgelegen or tissues. A window funnel whose preform 192 in Fig. 13 is illustrated, would also be very thin-walled and produced with a defined fiber layer.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Textile Engineering (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Nonwoven Fabrics (AREA)
  • Moulding By Coating Moulds (AREA)

Claims (8)

  1. Dispositif d'extension (20) pour permettre d'écarter un faisceau de filaments de fibres (32) pour obtenir une bande de fibres plane (14), comportant au moins une arête d'écartement (80) à cintrage convexe qui est mobile par rapport à un faisceau de filaments de fibres (32) à écarter avec au moins une composante d'orientation perpendiculaire à l'extension longitudinale de ce faisceau, de sorte que le faisceau de filaments de fibres (32) puisse être appliqué sous tension sur l'arête d'écartement (80) à cintrage convexe, puis être à nouveau éloignée de ce faisceau de filaments de fibres (32) avec au moins une composante d'orientation perpendiculaire à ce faisceau, pour le dégager de l'arête d'écartement (80), l'arête d'écartement (80) étant réalisée sur une saillie radiale (82) mobile en rotation sur un arbre rotatif (84), au moins deux arbres rotatifs (84, 86) équipés de saillies radiales (82) étant prévus, ces arbres rotatif (84, 86) tournant en sens inverse l'un par rapport à l'autre, plusieurs zones d'arêtes étant prévues dont au moins une est réalisée sous la forme de l'arête d'écartement (80) à cintrage convexe et qui sont susceptible d'être déplacées dans des directions opposées sur le faisceau de filaments de fibres (32), sur les arbres rotatifs (84, 86) actionnés en sens inverse, étant formées, plusieurs ailettes (94) formant les saillies radiales (82, 88), qui s'étendent essentiellement en direction axiale et sur les zones radiales les plus externes desquelles sont formées les zones d'arêtes (80, 90),
    caractérisé en ce que
    les arbres rotatifs (84, 86) sont montés mobiles en rotation de sorte qu'une ailette respective (94) de l'un des arbres rotatifs (84) vienne en prise entre deux ailettes (94) de l'autre arbre rotatif (86), pour que les zones d'arêtes formées sur les ailettes (94) soient déplaçables de sorte que le faisceau de filaments de fibres introduit sous traction dans le dispositif d'extension soit comprimé entre les zones d'arêtes avec une force de tension variable.
  2. Dispositif d'extension conforme à la revendication 1,
    caractérisé en ce que
    les arbres rotatifs (84, 86) sont entraînés en sens inverse par l'intermédiaire d'une transmission par engrenages (92).
  3. Dispositif d'extension conforme à l'une des revendications 1 et 2,
    caractérisé en ce que
    plusieurs zones d'arêtes servant à l'écartement sont réalisées sous la forme d'arêtes d'écartement convexes (80) cintrées radialement vers l'extérieur, les zones d'arêtes devant venir en prise les unes après les autres avec le faisceau de filaments de fibres (32) étant disposées sur les arbres rotatifs (84, 86) tournant en sens inverse de sorte que les fibres puissent respectivement être écartées entre deux arêtes d'écartement (80) cintrées en sens inverse.
  4. Dispositif d'extension conforme à l'une des revendications précédentes,
    caractérisé en ce qu'
    en arrière d'un dispositif d'écartement (34) comportant l'une des arêtes d'écartement (80), dans la direction de déplacement du faisceau de filaments de fibres (32), est monté un dispositif de relâchement (36) pour permettre de relâcher le faisceau de filaments de fibres écarté (32).
  5. Dispositif d'extension conforme à la revendication 4,
    caractérisé en ce que
    le dispositif de relâchement (36) comporte une chambre d'aspiration (96).
  6. Dispositif d'extension conforme à l'une des revendications précédentes,
    caractérisé par
    plusieurs dispositifs d'écartement (34) montés à la suite les uns des autres pour permettre une augmentation graduelle du taux d'écartement.
  7. Dispositif d'obtention d'une ébauche (10) permettant l'obtention d'une ébauche avec un dispositif d'extension (20) conforme à l'une des revendications précédentes.
  8. Utilisation d'un dispositif d'extension conforme à l'une des revendications 1 à 6 lors de la mise en oeuvre d'un procédé de fabrication de structures composites de fibres à densités surfaciques réglées pour l'obtention d'une bande de fibres écartée plane pour la fabrication d'une ébauche.
EP08717708.5A 2007-03-13 2008-03-12 Dispositif d'ecartement servant a ecarter des faisceaux de filaments de fibres, et dispositif correspondant de fabrication de préformes Active EP2140052B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102007012607A DE102007012607B4 (de) 2007-03-13 2007-03-13 Spreizvorrichtung zum Aufspreizen von Faserfilamentbündeln sowie damit versehene Preform-Herstellvorrichtung
PCT/EP2008/052963 WO2008110582A1 (fr) 2007-03-13 2008-03-12 Dispositif d'écartement servant à écarter des faisceaux de filaments de fibres, et procédé d'écartement pouvant être mis en oeuvre au moyen de ce dispositif d'écartement

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP2140052A1 EP2140052A1 (fr) 2010-01-06
EP2140052B1 true EP2140052B1 (fr) 2013-12-11

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Country Status (8)

Country Link
US (1) US8191215B2 (fr)
EP (1) EP2140052B1 (fr)
CN (1) CN101680136B (fr)
CA (1) CA2680457C (fr)
DE (1) DE102007012607B4 (fr)
DK (1) DK2140052T3 (fr)
ES (1) ES2451016T3 (fr)
WO (1) WO2008110582A1 (fr)

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KR100253500B1 (ko) * 1996-05-01 2000-05-01 구리타 유키오 멀티필라멘트스프레드시트의제조방법,그방법에서사용되는장치및그에의해제조된스프레드시트
DE19726831C5 (de) * 1997-06-24 2005-02-17 Liba Maschinenfabrik Gmbh Multiaxial-Maschine mit Portalaufbau
DE19853192B4 (de) * 1997-12-13 2013-10-10 Trützschler GmbH & Co Kommanditgesellschaft Vorrichtung an einer faserverarbeitenden, ein Streckwerk aufweisenden Textilmaschine zur Führung eines Faserverbandes
DE10005202B4 (de) * 2000-02-03 2007-03-01 Institut Für Verbundwerkstoffe Gmbh Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur kontinuierlichen bauteil- und prozessorientierten Herstellung von Verstärkungsstruktur-Halbzeugen für Faser-Kunststoff-Verbundwerkstoffe
FR2821628B1 (fr) * 2001-03-02 2003-05-16 Messier Bugatti Systeme de gestion automatisee de l'etalement d'une nappe textile
CN2575127Y (zh) * 2002-07-11 2003-09-24 李昭辉 碳纤维布成型机
EP1641967B1 (fr) * 2003-07-08 2010-05-05 Fukui Prefectural Government Procede de production d'un faisceau de multifilaments disperse et dispositif correspondant pour l'utiliser
CN100357509C (zh) * 2003-09-04 2007-12-26 高雨声 多功能复合双组分纤维纺粘非织造布的生产方法
JP4128169B2 (ja) * 2004-10-27 2008-07-30 弘治 大石橋 拡繊装置
CN100385053C (zh) * 2006-02-20 2008-04-30 湖南大学 连续纤维束分散装置

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WO2008110582A1 (fr) 2008-09-18
DK2140052T3 (da) 2014-01-27
EP2140052A1 (fr) 2010-01-06
DE102007012607B4 (de) 2009-02-26
US20100107384A1 (en) 2010-05-06
US8191215B2 (en) 2012-06-05
ES2451016T3 (es) 2014-03-26
CA2680457C (fr) 2013-08-13
CN101680136B (zh) 2011-09-14
CA2680457A1 (fr) 2008-09-18
CN101680136A (zh) 2010-03-24
DE102007012607A1 (de) 2008-09-18

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