EP2139365B1 - Stuhl mit schwenkbarer rückenlehne - Google Patents

Stuhl mit schwenkbarer rückenlehne Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2139365B1
EP2139365B1 EP08762823A EP08762823A EP2139365B1 EP 2139365 B1 EP2139365 B1 EP 2139365B1 EP 08762823 A EP08762823 A EP 08762823A EP 08762823 A EP08762823 A EP 08762823A EP 2139365 B1 EP2139365 B1 EP 2139365B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
backrest
articulated
seat
aforesaid
support
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Not-in-force
Application number
EP08762823A
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English (en)
French (fr)
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EP2139365A1 (de
Inventor
Fabio Malenotti
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Malenotti SRL
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Malenotti SRL
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Publication date
Application filed by Malenotti SRL filed Critical Malenotti SRL
Publication of EP2139365A1 publication Critical patent/EP2139365A1/de
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP2139365B1 publication Critical patent/EP2139365B1/de
Not-in-force legal-status Critical Current
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

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Classifications

    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A47—FURNITURE; DOMESTIC ARTICLES OR APPLIANCES; COFFEE MILLS; SPICE MILLS; SUCTION CLEANERS IN GENERAL
    • A47C—CHAIRS; SOFAS; BEDS
    • A47C1/00—Chairs adapted for special purposes
    • A47C1/02—Reclining or easy chairs
    • A47C1/031—Reclining or easy chairs having coupled concurrently adjustable supporting parts
    • A47C1/032—Reclining or easy chairs having coupled concurrently adjustable supporting parts the parts being movably-coupled seat and back-rest
    • A47C1/03255—Reclining or easy chairs having coupled concurrently adjustable supporting parts the parts being movably-coupled seat and back-rest with a central column, e.g. rocking office chairs
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A47—FURNITURE; DOMESTIC ARTICLES OR APPLIANCES; COFFEE MILLS; SPICE MILLS; SUCTION CLEANERS IN GENERAL
    • A47C—CHAIRS; SOFAS; BEDS
    • A47C1/00—Chairs adapted for special purposes
    • A47C1/02—Reclining or easy chairs
    • A47C1/031—Reclining or easy chairs having coupled concurrently adjustable supporting parts
    • A47C1/032—Reclining or easy chairs having coupled concurrently adjustable supporting parts the parts being movably-coupled seat and back-rest
    • A47C1/03261—Reclining or easy chairs having coupled concurrently adjustable supporting parts the parts being movably-coupled seat and back-rest characterised by elastic means
    • A47C1/03272—Reclining or easy chairs having coupled concurrently adjustable supporting parts the parts being movably-coupled seat and back-rest characterised by elastic means with coil springs
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A47—FURNITURE; DOMESTIC ARTICLES OR APPLIANCES; COFFEE MILLS; SPICE MILLS; SUCTION CLEANERS IN GENERAL
    • A47C—CHAIRS; SOFAS; BEDS
    • A47C1/00—Chairs adapted for special purposes
    • A47C1/02—Reclining or easy chairs
    • A47C1/031—Reclining or easy chairs having coupled concurrently adjustable supporting parts
    • A47C1/032—Reclining or easy chairs having coupled concurrently adjustable supporting parts the parts being movably-coupled seat and back-rest
    • A47C1/03294—Reclining or easy chairs having coupled concurrently adjustable supporting parts the parts being movably-coupled seat and back-rest slidingly movable in the base frame, e.g. by rollers

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a chair, of the type comprising:
  • a chair of the type specified above is described and illustrated in the document No. EP-A-0 249 584 .
  • Said known solution presents the advantage of guaranteeing a sort of automatic adjustment of the force that tends to recall the backrest towards the upright position, according to the person occupying the chair.
  • Said characteristic is in general an important requirement in chairs with reclinable backrests.
  • Many chairs for office use are equipped with a manually controlled adjustment device, which enables the user to adjust the force that tends to recall the backrest towards the upright position, said force having to be in general, as has been said, the greater, the greater the weight of the person occupying the chair.
  • a chair as set forth in the preamble of claim 1 is known from JP 2007 054152 A
  • the object of the present invention is to improve further the aforesaid known chair, adding to the advantageous characteristics described above further characteristics that are advantageous from the standpoint of ergonomics and comfort for the user.
  • the subject of the invention is a chair presenting all the characteristics that have been indicated in claim 1.
  • the reference number 1 designates as a whole a chair, particularly designed to be used as chair for "communities".
  • the invention is in any case applicable also to chairs designed for different purposes, such as for example chairs for office use or chairs for dwellings.
  • the chair 1 comprises a seat 2 and a backrest 3 supported, in the way that will be described in detail in what follows, on a base structure 4.
  • the base structure 4 is of the type comprising a single central vertical column 5, of the type comprising a gas-operated spring for adjustment of the height of the seat, the bottom end of which is received in a housing provided at the centre of a support 6, comprising a plurality of legs 7 that terminate with swivel wheels 8.
  • a supporting box 10 mounted on the top end of the stem 9 of the gas-operated spring associated to the column 5 is a supporting box 10, for example made of metal material.
  • the terms “longitudinal” and “longitudinally” are used with reference to a substantially horizontal direction parallel to the vertical plane of symmetry of the chair, indicated by the arrow A in Figure 1 .
  • the expressions “transverse” and “transversely” are used with reference to a direction horizontal and perpendicular to the vertical plane of symmetry of the chair, i.e., a direction perpendicular to the plane of Figure 1 .
  • the seat 2 is carried by a sliding structure 2a which is mounted so that it can slide in a direction substantially parallel to the longitudinal direction A on a seat support 2b.
  • the support of the seat 2b is in turn connected to the supporting box 10 by an articulated-parallelogram system that includes, in the case of the embodiment illustrated, two front articulated arms 11 and a single rear articulated arm 12.
  • the two front articulated arms 11 are arranged at the two sides of the box 10 and are articulated around a transverse shaft 13 to the seat support 2b and around a transverse shaft 14 to the supporting box 10.
  • the rear articulated arm 12 is articulated around a transverse shaft 15 to the seat support 2b and around a transverse shaft 16 to the supporting box 10.
  • the backrest 3 of the chair according to the invention is carried by a backrest support 17, which, in the example illustrated, is constituted by an arm that at one end carries the panel of the backrest 3 and at the opposite end is forked in two branches 17a (just one of which is visible in the drawings), the ends of which are articulated around the aforesaid transverse shaft 15 on the support of the seat 2b.
  • a backrest support 17 which, in the example illustrated, is constituted by an arm that at one end carries the panel of the backrest 3 and at the opposite end is forked in two branches 17a (just one of which is visible in the drawings), the ends of which are articulated around the aforesaid transverse shaft 15 on the support of the seat 2b.
  • Each of the two front articulated arms 11 is prolonged at the side of the supporting box 10, behind the articulation shaft 14 up to an articulated shackle 18.
  • the shackle 18 is connected in an articulated way around a shaft 19 (see Figures 2 and 3 ) to the supporting arm 17 of the backrest 3 and around a shaft 20 at both of the rear ends of the two articulated arms 11.
  • the two side arms 11 are moreover connected to one another by a transverse pin 21 that engages an arched slot 22 made in each side wall of the box 10.
  • an elbow-shaped arm 23 has one end articulated around the shaft 20 to the shackle 18 and the opposite end articulated around a transverse shaft 24 on the sliding support 2a of the seat.
  • the transverse pin 21 connected to the two articulated arms 11 carries a cap 25, resting on the top end of which is a helical spring 26, the axis of which is designated by 27 and which is set within the supporting box 10 and rests with its bottom end against the bottom wall of said box.
  • the spring 26 tends to recall the pin 21 towards a position of maximum raising, in which the pin 21 is in contact with the top end of each of the slots 22 made in the box 10.
  • the shaft 20 for connection of the rear ends of the articulated arms 11 to the shackle 18 is consequently in its position of maximum raising, which determines, via the shackle 18, the position of maximum rotation forwards of the supporting arm 17 of the backrest 3.
  • the arrangement is such that, in said condition, the backrest 3 is substantially in an upright condition.
  • the sliding support 2a is in a position of maximum advance in the longitudinal direction A with respect to the support of the seat 2b.
  • the weight of the person tends, in fact, to cause the articulated arms 11, 12 to rotate downwards (in a clockwise direction, as viewed in the drawings), with consequent rotation upwards (in a clockwise direction) of the backrest. Consequently, the occupant, in exerting a thrust backwards on the backrest encounters a resistant force, which tends to recall the backrest towards the upright position, which is a function of the weight of the person seated.
  • the chair according to the invention is consequently characterized, as, from this point of view, has already been envisaged in the document No. EP-A-0 249 584 , by a sort of automatic adjustment of the force that recalls the backrest towards the upright position according to the weight of the person seated. Needs of comfort and ergonomics, in fact, require that a heavier person should encounter a greater reaction by the backrest following upon the movement backwards.
  • the main characteristic of novelty according to the invention lies in the fact that, during the movement of inclination backwards of the backrest, the arm 23 is displaced, causing a recession of the sliding support 2a of the seat with respect to the seat support 2b. Consequently, in the chair according to the invention, when the occupant rests against the backrest, causing it to recline backwards, there occurs a raising and a recession of the seat such that the distance between the areas of contact of the body of the occupant with the seat and with the backrest remains substantially unaltered.
  • Said aspect constitutes a substantial difference with respect to the known chairs of the type with backrest that can be inclined backwards in so far as the rotation backwards of the backrest occurs with simultaneous movement of sliding upwards of the backrest against the back of the occupant so that, to use the jargon normally adopted in the sector, the chair "undresses" the occupant, in so far as it slides his shirt out of his trousers at the back. Since, in the chair according to the invention, the movement of reclining backwards of the backrest causes both a raising and a recession of the body of the person seated, the aforesaid movement of relative sliding between backrest and back is substantially cancelled out or at least considerably reduced, with consequent greater comfort for the user.
  • auxiliary assembly 28 mounted on the transverse pin 21 is an auxiliary assembly 28 including a body 29 mounted on the pin 21 and fixed with respect to a stem 30, slidably mounted on which is a cylindrical body 31 provided with an end head 32.
  • a helical spring 33 is axially set between the head 32 of the cylindrical body 31 and a support 34 of the body 29.
  • the auxiliary assembly 28, including the body 29, the spring 33 and the slideable cylinder 31 is set in a plane at a distance, along the shaft of the transverse pin 21, from the plane in which the shaft 27 of the spring 26 is set, to prevent any interference between the spring 26 and the spring 33.
  • the auxiliary assembly 28 can rotate around the shaft of the pin 21 so as to assume three different operative positions, respectively illustrated in Figures 4 , 6 and 8 .
  • the operative position for the auxiliary assembly 28 is selected by means of a selector member 35, which is mounted so that it can rotate around a shaft 36 in the front part of the supporting box 10 and can rotate around said shaft 36 by an actuation lever (not illustrated), provided on a side of the box 10, underneath the seat.
  • the shaft 36 coincides with the shaft 14.
  • the actuation lever of the selector member 35 On one side of the chair, in a position corresponding to the shaft 14/36, is the actuation lever of the selector member 35, whilst located on the other side is the conventional actuation lever of the gas-operated spring 9.
  • the selector member 35 has a nose 37, designed to couple elastically in any one of three seats 38a, 38b, 38c defined by an elastic element constituted by a shaped strip made of plastic material, having a cross section shaped like a closed loop. Following upon a rotation impressed via the lever mentioned above on the selector member 35, the nose 37 can engage in one of the three seats 38a, 38b, 38c.
  • the rotation of the selector member 35 is transmitted to the auxiliary assembly 28 by means of a shaped metal wire 39 having one end anchored to a radial appendage 40 of the selector member 35 and the other end anchored to the body 29 of the auxiliary assembly 28.
  • the metal wire 39 is shaped in such a way as to be able to compensate for the variation of distance between the two points to which its ends for selection of the different operating positions of the auxiliary assembly are anchored.
  • the arrangement is moreover such that it is possible to make an adjustment of the selector member 35 even when the chair is occupied and the backrest is reclined backwards so that the pin 21 is in a lowered position within the respective slits 22.
  • the connection wire 39 undergoes elastic deformation following upon the manoeuvre of selection and automatically causes new positioning of the auxiliary assembly as soon as the pin 21 returns into the raised position.
  • the head 32 of the cylindrical body 31 comes to rest on a seat 42 made on the bottom of the supporting box 10 so that, when the backrest is inclined backwards, the consequent lowering of the pin 21 causes both compression of the spring 26 and lowering of the body 29, as well as sliding of the stem 30 within the cylindrical body 31, with consequent compression of the helical spring 33. Consequently, in said condition, the spring 33 comes to add to the spring 26 in creating an action of contrast to the displacement of the backrest backwards. Said option can be chosen by very heavy users, who require a force of opposition of the backrest that the spring 26 alone is unable to guarantee.
  • the chair according to the invention in addition to guaranteeing a correct movement of the body of the occupant during a movement of reclining backwards of the backrest, also enables selection of a series of different conditions of operation so as to meet the different requirements of the users.
  • the movement of reclining backwards of the backrest also causes raising of the seat, which occurs, however, also with a slight inclination backwards of the seat (to a smaller extent with respect to rotation of the backrest) so as to enable maximum comfort for the user.
  • a further advantageous characteristic of the chair according to the invention lies in the fact that all the mechanisms forming part of the supporting structure of the seat and of the backrest are contained in a supporting box, including, among other things, the auxiliary assembly 28 with the auxiliary spring 33 that can add to the main spring 26 to generate the force of reaction of the backrest, in the case where it is so desired.
  • the relative positioning of the various shafts of articulation of the articulated arms constituting the supporting structure of the seat and of the backrest is chosen so as to provide maximum comfort for the user.
  • the use of connecting-rod elements like the shackle 18 or the rear articulated arm 12, instead of more traditional pin-and-slot connections, enables an improvement from the standpoint of reduction of friction.

Landscapes

  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Dentistry (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Chairs Characterized By Structure (AREA)
  • Chairs For Special Purposes, Such As Reclining Chairs (AREA)
  • Chair Legs, Seat Parts, And Backrests (AREA)

Claims (13)

  1. Stuhl (1), der umfasst:
    - eine Tragestruktur (4);
    - eine Sitzfläche (2) mit einem Sitzflächen-Träger (2b), der mit der Tragestruktur (4, 10) mittels einer Gelenkparallelogramm-Verbindung (11, 12) verbunden ist, die wenigstens einen ersten Arm (11) und wenigstens einen zweiten Arm (12) enthält, die jeweils sowohl an dem Sitzflächen-Träger (2b) als auch der Tragestruktur (10) angelenkt sind, so dass der Sitz zwischen einer abgesenkten und einer angehobenen Position verschoben werden kann,
    - eine Rückenlehne (3) mit einem Rücklehnen-Träger (17), die so angebracht ist, dass sie zwischen einer im Wesentlichen aufrechtstehenden Position und einer nach hinten zurückgeklappten Position gleiten kann, wobei der Rücklehnen-Träger (17) funktional so mit dem Sitzflächen-Träger (2b) verbunden ist, dass eine Verschiebung der Rückenlehne (3) auf eine nach hinten zurückgeklappte Position eine Verschiebung der Sitzfläche (2) auf eine angehobene Position zu und umgekehrt bewirkt, so dass die Sitzlehne durch eine Kraft, die wenigstens teilweise vom Gewicht der auf der Sitzfläche (2) sitzenden Person abhängt, in ihre aufrechtstehende Position zurückgestellt wird; und
    - eine elastische Einrichtung (26), die funktional zwischen der Tragestruktur (10) und dem ersten Gelenkarm (11) oder dem zweiten Gelenkarm (12) oder dem Rückenlehnen-Träger (17) angeordnet ist und die dazu neigt, die Sitzfläche (2) auf die abgesenkte Position zu und die Rückenlehne (3) auf die aufrechtstehende Position zu zurückzustellen,
    wobei die Sitzfläche (2) von einem gleitenden Träger getragen wird, der so angebracht ist, dass er an dem Träger der Sitzfläche (2b) in einer Längsrichtung gleiten kann und dass der gleitende Träger (2a) funktional mit dem Rückenlehnen-Träger (17) so verbunden ist, dass eine Neigung des Rückenlehnen-Trägers (17) nach hinten ein Zurückziehen des gleitenden Trägers (2a), an dem die Sitzfläche (2) angebracht ist, in Bezug auf den Sitzflächen-Träger (2b) bewirkt, der mittels des Gelenkparallelogramm-Systems mit der festen Tragestruktur (10) verbunden ist,
    dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der erste Gelenkarm (11) hinter seiner Gelenkwelle (14) oberhalb der festen Tragestruktur (10) verlängert ist und mit einem hinteren Ende abschließt, das um eine Querwelle (19, 20) herum gelenkig mit dem Rückenlehnen-Träger (17) verbunden ist, wobei letzterer darüber hinaus um eine Querwelle (15) herum gelenkig mit dem Sitzflächen-Träger (2b) verbunden ist.
  2. Stuhl nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Teil des ersten Gelenkarms (11), der über seine Gelenkwelle (14) hinaus oberhalb der festen Tragestruktur (10) weiter verlängert ist, einen Querzapfen (21) trägt, der in einem Schlitz (22) in der festen Tragestruktur (10) geführt wird und auf eine Rückstellfeder (26) drückt, die zwischen den Querzapfen (21) und der festen Tragestruktur (10) angeordnet ist.
  3. Stuhl nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Rückenlehnen-Träger (17) des Weiteren mittels eines Gelenkarms (23) mit dem gleitenden Träger (2a) verbunden ist.
  4. Stuhl nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das hintere Ende des ersten Gelenkarms (11) um eine Querwelle (20) herum gelenkig an einem Verbindungselement (18) angebracht ist, dessen gegenüberliegendes Ende um eine Querwelle (19) herum gelenkig oberhalb des Rückenlehnen-Trägers (17) gelagert ist.
  5. Stuhl nach Anspruch 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das hintere Ende des ersten Gelenkarms (11) um eine Querwelle (20) herum gelenkig an einem Verbindungselement (18) gelagert ist, dessen gegenüberliegendes Ende um eine Querwelle (19) herum gelenkig oberhalb des Rückenlehnen-Trägers (17) angebracht ist, und dass der Gelenkarm (23), der den Rückenlehnen-Träger (17) mit dem gleitenden Träger (2a) verbindet, um die Querwelle (20) herum gelenkig mit dem Verbindungselement (18) verbunden ist.
  6. Stuhl nach einem der vorangehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der erste und der zweite Gelenkarm (11, 12) so geformt und angeordnet sind, dass eine Drehung derselben nach oben eine leichte Rückwärtsneigung der Sitzfläche (2) bewirkt.
  7. Stuhl nach einem der vorangehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Teil der festen Tragestruktur, an dem der erste und der zweite Gelenkarm (11, 12) gelenkig angebracht sind, die Form eines Kastens hat, in dem sich wenigstens ein Führungsschlitz (22) für den Querzapfen (21) befindet, der von dem ersten Gelenkarm (11) getragen wird, wobei der Kasten die Feder (26) enthält, die zwischen der festen Struktur und dem Querzapfen (21) angeordnet ist.
  8. Stuhl nach Anspruch 7, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass zwei erste Gelenkarme (11, 12) vorhanden sind, die gelenkig an den zwei Seiten des Tragekastens (10) angebracht und durch den Querzapfen (21) verbunden sind, der in zwei Führungsschlitze (22) eingreift, die in den zwei Seiten des Kastens (10) ausgebildet sind.
  9. Stuhl nach einem der vorangehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Rückenlehnen-Träger (17) durch einen Arm gebildet wird, dessen eines Ende mit der Rückenlehne (3) verbunden ist und dessen gegenüberliegendes Ende sich zu zwei Armen (17a) verzweigt, deren Enden um eine gemeinsame Querwelle (15) herum gelenkig an dem Sitzflächen-Träger (2b) angebracht sind.
  10. Stuhl nach einem der vorangehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass zu der festen Tragestruktur (10) eine Hilfsbaugruppe (28) gehört, die sich selektiv in einer ersten Position für die normale Positionierung des Stuhls oder in einer zweiten Position, in der sie die Rückwärtsneigung der Rückenlehne verhindert, oder in einer dritten Position befinden kann, in der eine zusätzliche elastische Einrichtung (33), die Teil der Hilfsbaugruppe (28) ist, eine zusätzliche Gegenwirkungskraft bestimmt, die der Rückwärtsneigungsbewegung der Rückenlehne entgegenwirkt.
  11. Stuhl nach Anspruch 10, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Hilfsbaugruppe so angebracht ist, dass sie sich um die Achse eines Querzapfens (21) herum drehen kann, der starr mit dem ersten Gelenkarm verbunden ist, wodurch Verformung der ersten elastischen Einrichtung (26), die zu der ersten Tragestruktur des Stuhls gehört, als Folge einer Rückwärtsneigung der Rückenlehne verursacht wird.
  12. Stuhl nach Anspruch 11, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Hilfsbaugruppe (28) unterschiedliche Funktionspositionen um die Achse des Querzapfens (21) herum hat und dass die Funktionspositionen der Hilfsbaugruppe (28) mittels eines Wählelementes (35) ausgewählt werden kann, das so angebracht ist, dass es sich um eine Querwelle (36) an der festen Tragestruktur des Stuhls herum drehen kann.
  13. Stuhl nach einem der vorangehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die zusätzliche elastische Einrichtung durch eine Schraubenfeder (33) gebildet wird, die zusammen mit der Hilfsbaugruppe (28) um die Achse des Querzapfens (21) herum ausgerichtet werden kann, und dass in einer der Funktionspositionen die Feder (33) zwischen der festen Tragestruktur des Stuhls und dem Querzapfen (21) angeordnet ist und auf eine Rückwärtsneigungsbewegung der Rückenlehne reagiert.
EP08762823A 2007-06-06 2008-06-05 Stuhl mit schwenkbarer rückenlehne Not-in-force EP2139365B1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
IT000398A ITTO20070398A1 (it) 2007-06-06 2007-06-06 "sedia con schienale oscillante"
PCT/IB2008/001487 WO2008149224A1 (en) 2007-06-06 2008-06-05 Chair with oscillating backrest

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP2139365A1 EP2139365A1 (de) 2010-01-06
EP2139365B1 true EP2139365B1 (de) 2010-12-29

Family

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Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP08762823A Not-in-force EP2139365B1 (de) 2007-06-06 2008-06-05 Stuhl mit schwenkbarer rückenlehne

Country Status (10)

Country Link
US (1) US20100164263A1 (de)
EP (1) EP2139365B1 (de)
JP (1) JP2010528749A (de)
CN (1) CN101715310A (de)
AT (1) ATE493048T1 (de)
BR (1) BRPI0812312A2 (de)
DE (1) DE602008004231D1 (de)
IT (1) ITTO20070398A1 (de)
RU (1) RU2437605C2 (de)
WO (1) WO2008149224A1 (de)

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Publication number Publication date
ATE493048T1 (de) 2011-01-15
CN101715310A (zh) 2010-05-26
RU2009149691A (ru) 2011-07-20
DE602008004231D1 (de) 2011-02-10
US20100164263A1 (en) 2010-07-01
EP2139365A1 (de) 2010-01-06
RU2437605C2 (ru) 2011-12-27
JP2010528749A (ja) 2010-08-26
ITTO20070398A1 (it) 2008-12-07
WO2008149224A1 (en) 2008-12-11
BRPI0812312A2 (pt) 2014-11-25

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