EP2138393B1 - Modulares treibendes System und Herstellungsverfahren - Google Patents

Modulares treibendes System und Herstellungsverfahren Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2138393B1
EP2138393B1 EP09460031.9A EP09460031A EP2138393B1 EP 2138393 B1 EP2138393 B1 EP 2138393B1 EP 09460031 A EP09460031 A EP 09460031A EP 2138393 B1 EP2138393 B1 EP 2138393B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
antijamming
bottom part
containers
side wall
cup
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Not-in-force
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EP09460031.9A
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English (en)
French (fr)
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EP2138393A1 (de
Inventor
Waldemar Paksys
Tadeusz Niezgoda
Michaela Pakszys
Wieslaw Krason
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Wojskowa Akademia Techniczna Im
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Wojskowa Akademia Techniczna Im
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Priority to PL09460031T priority Critical patent/PL2138393T3/pl
Publication of EP2138393A1 publication Critical patent/EP2138393A1/de
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
    • B63B—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; EQUIPMENT FOR SHIPPING 
    • B63B35/00—Vessels or similar floating structures specially adapted for specific purposes and not otherwise provided for
    • B63B35/34—Pontoons
    • B63B35/38—Rigidly-interconnected pontoons

Definitions

  • the invention refers to a modular floating system used in various applications, and to a method of its manufacture.
  • the invention refers to the modular floating system that may be stacked on limited surfaces and transported to the destination on limited number of vehicles.
  • the invention refers also to the appliances where the modular floating system may be used, like e.g. floating or submersible platforms, docks, bridges, wharfs, piers, and the like.
  • the modular floating systems according to the invention may also be used, when equipped with a propulsion unit, to make the boats, pontoons, rafts, ferries and other floating appliances used in transportation.
  • Floating structures have had been developed by military engineers for long time.
  • civil engineering pays attention to floating structures as their usefulness on flooded areas or in the regions destroyed by other natural disasters or wars has been proved extensively.
  • Particular interest is payed to modular floating systems because they enable the engineers to adjust the floating structure to specific demands (expected load, topography, changes in the water level, etc.) and to design unique, optimized structure.
  • pontoons In known floating systems the deck is arranged on pontoons, which in older systems have been singular or folded multiple, usually triple units. The latter are deployed in situ into floating units of bigger dimensions. Whether singular or folded, individual units are big and because of their dimensions of several meters and considerable weight they are difficult to be handled on-shore so they have to be connected into single structure on the water.
  • the pontoons are hermetic containers made from steel, so they are big and heavy. Both transportation and storage of these systems are expensive and troublesome, and require big trucks, good roads network accessible even during natural disaster or war, and sufficient number of trained stuff. To fulfill all those conditions in emergency may be difficult. Besides, the steel containers require costly maintenance and large areas for storage.
  • hermetic containers of big dimensions still have been making difficulties and generating excessive costs in transportation, handling, and storage both in situ and in the storage area.
  • the examples of floating systems consisting of plastic hermetic containers were presented in the patent documents GB 2170760 A , FR 2699495 A1 and FR 2699496 A1 .
  • An alternative to hermetic containers are the modules filled with a foam, like in the patent document US 6230644 B1 . Naturally foam-filled modules are as unhandy in storage and transportation as the other systems mentioned above.
  • Relatively flat elements i.e. with moderately sloped walls (the slope value lesser than about 3), are resistant to jamming.
  • the slope is understood here to be the ratio of the wall height to the wall horizontal projection. In other words, the slope equals to the tangent of an angle between the wall and the horizontal plane.
  • moderately sloped walls decrease the volume of air closed inside the container thus decreasing the displacement of the floating structure and in consequence significantly limiting allowable load.
  • the container elements with almost vertical walls i.e. with the slope close to maximum which is the ratio of the wall height to the wall thickness, maximize the volume of air closed inside the container. Note that behind this slope maximal value the container elements can not be stacked one inside another. Unfortunately these "vertical" containers are very susceptible for jamming. This undesirable effect can prevent the civil and military engineers, designers, manufacturers and crisis management services from considering the floating systems based on the containers with almost vertical walls.
  • a US patent US3897741 discloses a modular floating system provided with antijamming means in form of a flange at a side wall.
  • the flange is integral with the side wall of the container, which makes the process of the container manufacture much more complicated, requiring a complex mould, e.g. a two-part mould and costly.
  • a modular floating system comprises the sets of complementary elements designed so as to be coupled tightly into a form of void containers with solid walls.
  • the air closed hermetically inside the containers makes them floatable irrespective of waves, rains, etc.
  • the containers are equipped with the connecting means for construction of floating structures like platforms, wharfs, piers or bridges.
  • These connecting means may provide whole structure with some resiliency that may be required to react to changing levels and movements of water caused e.g. by waves, tides, floods.
  • another type of connecting means may provide rigid connections stiffening whole structure which may be preferred for the structures installed on-shore or off-shore on the floor of the sea, lake, river or channel. In the latter case the containers shall be filled with water, sand, stones, concrete, iron ore and the like.
  • the modular floating system may also be used, if equipped with a propulsion unit, to make the boats, pontoons, rafts, ferries and other floating appliances used in transportation. It shall be noted, that large sections of whole floating structure can be transported to the destination on the water surface in the form of the rafts.
  • the main feature of the invention is in that particular elements constituing the containers are provided with the antijamming means preventing dismantled identical elements from jamming during storage in stack.
  • These antijamming means may be constituted by any details of shape of the container elements that separate adjacent surfaces of walls of stacked elements.
  • the role of the antijamming means is twofold. Firstly, it is to prevent from direct contact between faying surfaces of the containers, resulting in adhesion of contacting surfaces, particularly when these are wet, e.g. after being dismantled and stacked on the field. Secondly, it is to provide the passages necessary for the air flow during taking off the element from the stack.
  • antijamming means is a set of ribs made preferably on the inner side of the wall, however external ribs may be advantageous in some applications.
  • the antijamming means may also play a role of the means stiffening the element of the container.
  • the separation between the surfaces of stacked elements of the containers preferably shall be comprised in range from about 5 mm to about 30 mm or more in case of very big elements stacked.
  • the body of said container is formed from two complementary elements, namely the bottom part and the upper cover, where the bottom part may have a shape of two similar truncated pyramids or truncated cones with an intermediate part of the side walls that connects both shapes.
  • This intermediate part of the side walls has a character of the antijamming means, because it prevents the bottom part of one container to fall too deeply into the bottom part of another container when stacked. In other words this intermediate part of the side walls of one container supports another container (precisely: its bottom part) in the pile.
  • the upper base of the minor truncated pyramid or truncated cone is lesser in size than the lower base of the bigger truncated pyramid or truncated cone.
  • the upper cover of the container fits the upper base of the bigger truncated pyramid or truncated cone and it is provided with the means securing water and air tightness of the coupling.
  • These tighting means are for example a groove on the bottom side of the upper cover, optionally provided with a gasket, e.g. a rubber gasket, and an edge of the bottom part, this groove fitting tightly with specified tolerances the upper edge of the bottom part.
  • Full tightness is reached when both parts of the container, i.e. the bottom part and the upper cover, are fastened together circumferentially, e.g. with screw-and-nuts inserted into the holes in the connecting flanges.
  • the number of holes equals at least the number of corners in polygonal elements, and it is no less than three in case of circular shapes. In the latter case the holes shall be distributed in vertices of a regular polygon.
  • the slope of the itermediate, antijamming joining part of the side wall of the bottom part is flatter than the slope of adjacent lower and upper side walls of truncated pyramids or truncated cones, thus forming a sloped step between lower and upper segments of the container side walls.
  • this slope may equal to zero, making this joining part of the side wall horizontal.
  • a horizontal step in the container side wall may additionally help manoeuvring the element (support for the lifting sling, spreader beam, etc.).
  • the antijamming joining part of the side wall of the bottom part may be provided with at least one antijamming protrusion facing the interior or the exterior of the bottom part.
  • the external side of the upper container wall is supported by such protrusion thereby being separated from the internal side of the lower container wall by the thickness of the protrusion.
  • the antijamming protrusion facing the interior or the exterior of the bottom part shall have a shape of half-round moulding.
  • the antijamming protrusion facing the interior or the exterior of the bottom part is an indentation in the joining part of the side wall of the bottom part.
  • Mechanically such indentation is not as resistant as the mouldings described hereinbefore, thus this sollution is particularly recommended for smaller containers, preferably with dimensions of up to about 2 m, however bigger elements may be endowed with the indentations as well if their walls have sufficient thickness.
  • the advantage of this solution is lower cost of manufacture of containers with indentations in the side walls.
  • Each container may be additionally complemented with separate strengthening flange fitting the intermediate, joining part of the side wall of the bottom part.
  • This strengthening flange is provided with the bolt holes, preferably tapped to receive the screws, and spaced identically as the bolt holes in the upper cover.
  • the upper cover and the strengthening flange are joined by bolts or screw-and-nuts, or other screw fasteners such as simple screws passing through respective bolt holes. In the latter case the holes in the strengthening flange are threaded. To ensure appropriate stiffness of the structure the holes of the container are separated from those of the strengthening flange by the spacing sleeves.
  • the neighbouring containers are joined with the hinged connectors, preferably folding along two perpendicular axis, and provided with the bolt holes spaced according to the spacing between the bolt holes of neighbouring containers. According to the users needs this spacing may equal to the spacing of conterminous containers, thereby limiting elasticity of the structure. Bigger spacings provide the structure with some elasticity and facilitate the task of constructing the structure, which might be advantageous in straitened circumstances in the field.
  • each container comprises two cups with the shape of truncated pyramid or truncated cone provided with the antijamming cylindrical collar.
  • the cups When stacked in pile, the cups are supported by cylindrical collars of lower cups. To complete a container other parts may be necessary.
  • the container may consist of two cups, namely the bottom cup and the upper cup.
  • the bottom cup is provided with the antijamming upper cylindrical threaded collar and the complementary upper cup is provided with complementary antijamming lower cylindrical threaded collar.
  • the threaded collars provide tight coupling of the bottom cup with the upper cup.
  • the collar with internal thread female
  • the bottom cup is provided with the connecting flanges provided with the bolt holes and spaced circumferentially below the cylindrical threaded collar on different levels offset relatively by the thicknesses of said connecting flanges.
  • the connecting flanges of neighbouring bottom cups in complete containers are joined by bolts or screw-and-nuts, or screw fasteners passing through respective bolt holes.
  • the container body is formed by connecting two identical cups through a ring-shaped coupling element fitting the antijamming cylindrical collars either on larger bases of the cups or on smaller bases of the cups.
  • both kinds of couplings may be applied alternately, making the structure compact.
  • the ring-shaped coupling element is threaded with a thread complementary to the threads on the antijamming cylindrical collars of both cups.
  • the threads provide tight coupling of the cups with the coupling element which additionally may be fit out with a gasket, preferably a rubber gasket.
  • the extended floating structures are made from one or more layers of the containers. None of the container elements presented above, i.e. neither the cup nor the ring-shaped coupling element is provided with any joining means. Therefore the adjacent containers are coupled by the flat connectors with polygonal or circular orifices fitting the dimensions of the side wall outer cross-section preferably in the middle of the cup.
  • the flat connectors connect the containers within single layer as well as the containers belonging to adjacent layers.
  • the structures can be made from two or more layers, depending from desired displacement and anticipated load.
  • the modular floating systems as specified above are preferably made from plastic, e.g. polyethylene, reinforced polyethylene, or other polymeric materials suitable for production of mechanically resistant and waterproof large objects.
  • the walls and other elements of the container may be reinforced with fibrous material, like the fiberglass mat, fibrous web, etc.
  • the containers elements can be made from metal as well.
  • Plastic elements constituing the containers are made in the process of casting, preferably pressure casting, or light-section casting, or heavy-section casting, or shell casting, or centrifugal casting, or compound casting, or injection moulding, preferably runnerless injection moulding.
  • the modular floating systems comprise the sets of complementary elements which when coupled form void containers with solid walls which are suitable for construction of floating structures.
  • the elements constituing the containers are provided with the antijamming means preventing dismantled identical elements from jamming during storage in pile.
  • the body of said container is formed from two complementary elements, namely the bottom part (1) and the upper cover (3), where the bottom part (1) has a shape of two reversed similar truncated pyramids arranged vertically, with principally rectangular horizontal cross-sections.
  • the upper principally rectangular base of the minor truncated pyramid is lesser in size than the lower principally rectangular base of the bigger truncated pyramid and these two principally rectangular bases are joined by an antijamming intermediate joining part of the side wall of the bottom part (1).
  • the upper cover (3) is principally rectangular as well, and it fits the upper base of the bigger truncated pyramid and it is provided with means securing water and air tightness of coupling.
  • the upper cover preferably strengthened and lined on the top, may play a role of a deck for small and moderate loads.
  • the slope of said antijamming intermediate joining part of the side wall of the bottom part (1) is flatter than the slope of neighbouring side walls of truncated pyramids.
  • the slope equals to zero and this case is illustrated on Fig. 3 and Fig. 4 .
  • the breadth of horizontal section in the antijamming intermediate joining part of the side wall advantageously is no less than 1% of the container length, preferably no less than 2% of the container length, and at least equals about 5 cm.
  • the antijamming intermediate joining part of the side wall of the bottom part (1) is provided with at least one antijamming protrusion (not shown on the drawing) facing the interior or the exterior of the bottom part (1).
  • this at least one antijamming protrusion has a shape of half-round moulding.
  • said at least one antijamming protrusion facing the interior or the exterior of the bottom part (1) is an indentation in the joining part of the side wall of the bottom part (1).
  • the container is provided with separate strengthening flange (2) fitting the joining part of the side wall of the bottom part (1).
  • the strengthening flange (2) is provided with the bolt holes, preferably the tapped holes, spaced identically as the bolt holes (7) in the upper cover (3).
  • the upper cover (3) and the strengthening flange (2) are joined by bolts or screw-and-nuts (4), or screw fasteners passing through respective bolt holes. Both elements are separated by the spacing sleeves (6).
  • An extended floating structure is developed by joining neighbouring containers with the hinged connectors (5), preferably folding along two perpendicular axis, and provided with the bolt holes spaced according to the spacing between the bolt holes (7) of neighbouring containers.
  • the container comprises two cups (8, 9, 12) with the shape of truncated cone provided with the antijamming cylindrical collar.
  • the bottom cup (8) is provided with the antijamming upper cylindrical threaded collar and the complementary upper cup (9) is provided with complementary antijamming lower cylindrical threaded collar. Both threaded collars provide tight coupling of the bottom cup (8) with the upper cup (9).
  • the bottom cup (8) is fit out with the connecting flanges provided with the bolt holes (11) and spaced circumferentially below the cylindrical threaded collar on different levels.
  • the connecting flanges are offset vertically by their thickness.
  • the connecting flanges of neighbouring bottom cups (8) in complete containers are joined by bolts or screw-and-nuts (10), or screw fasteners passing through respective bolt holes (11).
  • the body of the container is formed by connecting two identical cups (12) with a ring-shaped coupling element (13) fitting the antijamming cylindrical collars either on larger bases of the cups (12) or on smaller bases of the cups (12).
  • the ring-shaped coupling element (13) is threaded with a thread complementary to the thread on the antijamming cylindrical collar of the cup (12). The threads provide tight coupling of the cups (12) with the coupling element (13).
  • the neighbouring containers are coupled by separate flat connectors (14) with circular orifices fitting the dimensions of the side wall outer cross-section, preferably in the middle of the cup (12).
  • the elements constituing the containers are made from plastic in the process of injection moulding.

Claims (14)

  1. Modulares schwebendes System, umfassend Sätze von komplementären Elementen, welche, wenn verbunden, leere Behälter mit festen Wänden bilden und für die Konstruktion schwebender Strukturen geeignet sind, wobei die Elemente, welche die Behälter bilden, mit einem Einklemmschutz ausgestattet sind, der ein Einklemmen ausgebauter identischer Elemente während der Lagerung in einem Stapel verhindert, wobei die Behälter Folgendes umfassen:
    - einen unteren Teil (1),
    - eine obere Abdeckung (3), welche sich in den unteren Teil einpasst und mit Mitteln ausgestattet ist, die eine wasserdichte und luftdichte Kopplung sichern
    - und einen Verstärkungsflansch (2) an der Seitenwand des unteren Teils (1),
    dadurch charakterisiert, dass
    - der Verstärkungsflansch (2) von dem unteren Teil (1) getrennt ist, sich in die Seitenwand des unteren Teils (1) einpasst und mit Schraubenbohrungen, vorzugsweise Gewindebohrungen, ausgestattet ist, die genauso wie Schraubenbohrungen (7) in einer oberen Abdeckung (3) beabstandet sind, wobei die obere Abdeckung (3) und der Verstärkungsflansch (2) durch Schrauben oder durch aus Schraube und Mutter bestehende Verbindungen (4) oder durch Schraubbefestigungen verbunden werden, die durch die jeweiligen Schraubenbohrungen verlaufen, die von den Distanzhülsen (6) getrennt werden.
  2. System nach Anspruch 1, dadurch charakterisiert, dass der untere Teil (1) eine Form von zwei ähnlichen Pyramidenstümpfen oder Kegelstümpfen aufweist, wobei die obere Basis des kleineren Pyramidenstumpfs oder Kegelstumpfs kleiner ist als die untere Basis des größeren Pyramidenstumpfs oder Kegelstumpfs und diese beiden Basen werden durch ein Verbindungsteil zum Einklemmschutz der Seitenwand des unteren Teils (1) und dort, wo sich die obere Abdeckung (3) in die obere Basis des größeren Pyramidenstumpfs oder Kegelstumpfs einpasst, verbunden.
  3. System nach Anspruch 2, dadurch charakterisiert, dass die Neigung des Verbindungsteils zum Einklemmschutz der Seitenwand des unteren Teils (1) flacher ist als die Neigung benachbarter Seitenwände von Pyramidenstümpfen oder Kegelstümpfen.
  4. System nach Anspruch 2, dadurch charakterisiert, dass das Verbindungsteil zum Einklemmschutz der Seitenwand des unteren Teils (1) mit mindestens einem Vorsprung zum Einklemmschutz ausgestattet ist, der dem inneren Teil oder dem äußeren Teil des unteren Teils (1) gegenüberliegt.
  5. System nach Anspruch 4, dadurch charakterisiert, dass der mindestens eine Vorsprung zum Einklemmschutz, der dem inneren Teil oder dem äußeren Teil des unteren Teils (1) gegenüberliegt, eine Form eines halbrunden Formteils aufweist.
  6. System nach Anspruch 4, dadurch charakterisiert, dass der mindestens eine Vorsprung zum Einklemmschutz, der dem inneren Teil oder dem äußeren Teil des unteren Teils (1) gegenüberliegt, eine Vertiefung in dem Verbindungsteil der Seitenwand des unteren Teils (1) ist.
  7. System nach den Ansprüchen 2 bis 7, dadurch charakterisiert, dass benachbarte Behälter durch angelenkte Verbindungselemente (5), vorzugsweise durch Falzen entlang zweier senkrechter Achsen, verbunden und mit den Schraubenbohrungen ausgestattet sind, die gemäß dem Abstand zwischen den Schraubenbohrungen (7) benachbarter Behälter beabstandet sind.
  8. System nach Anspruch 1, dadurch charakterisiert, dass der Behälter zwei Becher (8, 9, 12) mit der Form eines Pyramidenstumpfs oder Kegelstumpfs umfasst, die mit dem zylindrischen Kragen zum Einklemmschutz ausgestattet sind.
  9. System nach Anspruch 8, dadurch charakterisiert, dass der untere Becher (8) mit dem oberen zylindrischen Gewindekragen zum Einklemmschutz ausgestattet ist und der komplementäre obere Becher (9) ist mit dem komplementären unteren zylindrischen Gewindekragen zum Einklemmschutz ausgestattet, wobei die Gewindekragen eine feste Kopplung des unteren Bechers (8) mit dem oberen Becher (9) bereitstellen.
  10. System nach Anspruch 9, dadurch charakterisiert, dass der untere Becher (8) mit den Verbindungsflanschen ausgestattet ist, die mit den Schraubenbohrungen (11) bereitgestellt werden und umlaufend unter dem zylindrischen Gewindekragen auf verschiedenen Ebenen beabstandet sind, die in Bezug auf die Dicken der Verbindungsflansche versetzt sind, wobei die Verbindungsflansche benachbarter unterer Becher (8) in vollständigen Behältern durch Schrauben oder durch aus Schraube und Mutter bestehende Verbindungen (10) oder durch Schraubbefestigungen verbunden werden, die durch die jeweiligen Schraubenbohrungen (11) verlaufen.
  11. System nach Anspruch 8, dadurch charakterisiert, dass der Körper des Behälters durch das Verbinden zweiter identischer Becher (12) mit einem ringförmigen Koppelelement (13) geformt wird, das die zylindrischen Kragen zum Einklemmschutz entweder an größeren Basen der Becher (12) oder an kleineren Basen der Becher (12) einpasst.
  12. System nach Anspruch 11, dadurch charakterisiert, dass das ringförmige Koppelelement (13) mit einem Gewinde versehen ist, das komplementär zu dem Gewinde an dem zylindrischen Kragen zum Einklemmschutz des Bechers (12) ist, wobei die Gewinde eine feste Kopplung der Becher (12) mit dem Koppelelement (13) bereitstellen.
  13. System nach den Ansprüchen 11 oder 12, dadurch charakterisiert, dass die benachbarten Behälter durch die flachen Verbindungselemente (14) mit polygonalen oder kreisförmigen Öffnungen verbunden sind, die zu den Maßen des äußeren Querschnitts der Seitenwand in der Mitte des Bechers (12) passen.
  14. Verfahren zum Herstellen des modularen schwebenden Systems nach einem der Ansprüche 1-13, dadurch charakterisiert, dass die Elemente, welche die Behälter bilden, aus Kunststoff in dem Prozess des Gießens, vorzugsweise Druckgießen, oder Gießen feiner Gussstücke, oder Gießen dickwandiger Gussstücke, oder Schalenverguss, oder Schleudergießen, oder Verbundgießen, oder Spritzgießen, vorzugsweise angussloses Spritzgießen hergestellt werden.
EP09460031.9A 2008-06-23 2009-06-22 Modulares treibendes System und Herstellungsverfahren Not-in-force EP2138393B1 (de)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
PL09460031T PL2138393T3 (pl) 2008-06-23 2009-06-22 Modułowy system pływający

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
PL385496A PL215842B1 (pl) 2008-06-23 2008-06-23 Modulowy plywajacy system przeprawowy

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EP2138393A1 EP2138393A1 (de) 2009-12-30
EP2138393B1 true EP2138393B1 (de) 2015-09-02

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DE102005017741A1 (de) * 2005-04-12 2006-10-19 Ptm Packaging Tools Machinery Pte.Ltd. Doppelwandiger Pappbecher
ITMI20051147A1 (it) 2005-06-17 2006-12-18 Jollytech S A S "modulo galleggiante"
EP1785265A1 (de) * 2005-11-14 2007-05-16 SEDA S.p.A. Vorrichtung zur Ausformung eine Stapelwulst an einer Behälterwand und Behälter mit derselben

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PL385496A1 (pl) 2008-12-22
PL2138393T3 (pl) 2015-12-31
PL215842B1 (pl) 2014-02-28
EP2138393A1 (de) 2009-12-30

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