EP2138322B1 - Wert- oder Sicherheitsdokument mit einem Sicherheitsmerkmal - Google Patents

Wert- oder Sicherheitsdokument mit einem Sicherheitsmerkmal Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2138322B1
EP2138322B1 EP09160380A EP09160380A EP2138322B1 EP 2138322 B1 EP2138322 B1 EP 2138322B1 EP 09160380 A EP09160380 A EP 09160380A EP 09160380 A EP09160380 A EP 09160380A EP 2138322 B1 EP2138322 B1 EP 2138322B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
document
document stack
documents
stack
radiation
Prior art date
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EP09160380A
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German (de)
English (en)
French (fr)
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EP2138322A2 (de
EP2138322A3 (de
Inventor
Dr. Malte Pflughoefft
Christian Kunath
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Bundesdruckerei GmbH
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Bundesdruckerei GmbH
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Priority to PL09160380T priority Critical patent/PL2138322T3/pl
Publication of EP2138322A2 publication Critical patent/EP2138322A2/de
Publication of EP2138322A3 publication Critical patent/EP2138322A3/de
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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B42—BOOKBINDING; ALBUMS; FILES; SPECIAL PRINTED MATTER
    • B42D—BOOKS; BOOK COVERS; LOOSE LEAVES; PRINTED MATTER CHARACTERISED BY IDENTIFICATION OR SECURITY FEATURES; PRINTED MATTER OF SPECIAL FORMAT OR STYLE NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; DEVICES FOR USE THEREWITH AND NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; MOVABLE-STRIP WRITING OR READING APPARATUS
    • B42D25/00—Information-bearing cards or sheet-like structures characterised by identification or security features; Manufacture thereof
    • B42D25/20—Information-bearing cards or sheet-like structures characterised by identification or security features; Manufacture thereof characterised by a particular use or purpose
    • B42D25/29—Securities; Bank notes
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B42—BOOKBINDING; ALBUMS; FILES; SPECIAL PRINTED MATTER
    • B42D—BOOKS; BOOK COVERS; LOOSE LEAVES; PRINTED MATTER CHARACTERISED BY IDENTIFICATION OR SECURITY FEATURES; PRINTED MATTER OF SPECIAL FORMAT OR STYLE NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; DEVICES FOR USE THEREWITH AND NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; MOVABLE-STRIP WRITING OR READING APPARATUS
    • B42D25/00—Information-bearing cards or sheet-like structures characterised by identification or security features; Manufacture thereof
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G07—CHECKING-DEVICES
    • G07D—HANDLING OF COINS OR VALUABLE PAPERS, e.g. TESTING, SORTING BY DENOMINATIONS, COUNTING, DISPENSING, CHANGING OR DEPOSITING
    • G07D7/00—Testing specially adapted to determine the identity or genuineness of valuable papers or for segregating those which are unacceptable, e.g. banknotes that are alien to a currency
    • G07D7/06—Testing specially adapted to determine the identity or genuineness of valuable papers or for segregating those which are unacceptable, e.g. banknotes that are alien to a currency using wave or particle radiation
    • G07D7/10—Microwaves

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a value or security document with a security feature, a device for checking the number of documents stacked in a stack of documents and a device for checking the authenticity of the documents stacked in a document stack and methods for checking the number of documents in a document stack and for checking the authenticity of one or more documents, in particular a document stack.
  • a security or value document has several such security features to further increase security against tampering or compromise.
  • WO 2006/027112 A1 shows a security element for security papers, value documents and smart cards with a machine-readable authenticity feature.
  • the authenticity feature includes a region having a periodically conductive surface element which exhibits resonance effects with electromagnetic radiation incident in a predetermined frequency range.
  • WO 2004/081545 A1 shows a security label, which is optically readable by radiation in the terahertz range.
  • WO 2008/110775 A1 shows a security marker that includes a metamaterial.
  • the metamaterial is irradiated with terahertz radiation to form an image.
  • WO 2003/054808 A3 shows an apparatus and a method for processing sheet material, in particular banknotes.
  • WO 03/054810 A2 shows a value document and a method for checking the Wertdokumerts, in particular a banknote.
  • US 2005/0276906 A1 shows a reader for detecting and verifying tag information.
  • the invention is based on the object to provide an improved value or security document.
  • the invention is further based on the object to provide an improved device for checking the number of documents stacked in a document stack or for checking the authenticity of the documents stacked in the document stack and methods for checking the number or the authenticity of documents.
  • a value or security document with at least one structural element for forming a metamaterial is created when the documents are stacked.
  • a “metamaterial” is a material with a negative refractive index. Such metamaterials are known per se from the prior art, cf. especially " Spectrum of Science “, October 2006, pages 74 to 81 , " Electro-Magnetic Resonances in Individual and Coupled Split-Ring Resonators, Journal of Applied Physics, Volume 92, No. 5, September 1, 2002, pages 2929-2936 ; US Pat. No. 6,958,729 B1 , An overview of various known metamaterials is the entry for "Metamaterial” in Wikipedia (http://de.wikipedia.org/wikl/metamaterial). There you will find further individual references and references to metamaterials.
  • a metamaterial is formed by the spatially distributed arrangement of structural elements, also referred to as "unit cells” or “metamaterial unit cells”.
  • the dimension of a structural element, i. a unit cell are smaller than the wavelength of visible light.
  • Possible embodiments of such structural elements by which metamaterials can be formed are described, for example, in Chamfered tape based on metamaterial unit cell, Li Jiusheng, China Jiliang Unlv., Hangzhou; Microwave and Millimeter Wave
  • a value or security document may be designed to be a metamaterial even if it is singular.
  • a value or security element according to the invention is designed such that a document stack formed from a plurality of such value or security documents forms a metamaterial.
  • the structural element of the value or security document is a line structure.
  • the line structure may be formed to form a grating or a resonator.
  • the line structure may be formed like a rod antenna or as a split-ring resonator, in particular as a double-pitch ring resonator.
  • the structural element of the value or security document is made of metal or of a conductive plastic, such as PEDOT.
  • the line structure may be printed by means of a conductive ink.
  • the structural element is an inverse line structure.
  • the value or security document includes, for example, an area which is formed over its entire surface as a ladder.
  • the structural element is realized in this area as a recess, for example by this is realized by etching away the conductive material in the area.
  • the structural element is formed as a non-conductive structure, in particular as a dielectric structure, such as Belspiel as a dielectric ball.
  • the asset or security document includes more than one structural element for forming the metamaterial.
  • an embodiment of a value or security document according to the invention includes first and second of the structural elements that are related to one another
  • the first structural element causes a negative permittivity
  • the second structural element leads to a negative effective permeability. This results in mutually complementary structural elements, which in their interaction have a negative refractive index result.
  • the structural elements in a document stack formed from such documents are arranged in a spatial pattern.
  • this spatial pattern is repeated in the horizontal and / or vertical direction.
  • the spatial pattern may already be present in a single one of the documents, or it only results from the stacking of several such documents.
  • a value or security document has a layered construction.
  • a first of the structural elements is located in a first layer of the document and a second of the structural elements is located in a second layer which is at a distance from the first layer.
  • the various layers can be formed, for example, by films laminated together.
  • the value or security document is an identity document, i. an ID document, such as a passport, passport, driver's license, or company ID, or a means of payment such as a credit card. a bill, a credit card, or other credential, such as a credit card. an entrance ticket, a bill of lading, a visa or similar.
  • an ID document such as a passport, passport, driver's license, or company ID
  • a means of payment such as a credit card.
  • a bill, a credit card, or other credential such as a credit card.
  • the document has a document body that is paper-based and / or plastic-based.
  • the document may be a smart card.
  • the invention relates to a document stack of value or security documents according to the invention.
  • the document stack forms a metamaterial.
  • the ability of the document stack to act as a metamaterial can be used for various checking purposes, such as checking whether the document stack actually has a predetermined number of documents, and / or whether the documents in the document stack are genuine.
  • the invention relates to a device for checking the number of documents stacked in a document stack or checking the authenticity of the documents stacked in a document stack, the documents being value or security documents according to one of the preceding claims
  • the device is designed so that a signal is output in response to the detection of the radiation at the desired position. For example, a first signal is output when the radiation is detected at the target position to thereby signal that no documents are missing in the document stack, or that only genuine documents are in the document stack. If the radiation is not detected at the desired position, a second signal is output to signal the opposite case.
  • Embodiments of a device according to the invention can be designed to test only a specific type of document and a predetermined number of documents of this type of document combined in a stack. However, embodiments of a device according to the invention can also be used for testing different document types and different numbers of in be formed a document stack summarized documents of a selected document type.
  • a user may select the number and / or a document type. From the number and / or the document type is then determined by the device, the target position.
  • the device can access, for example, a table entry or determine the desired position by calculation.
  • the device can determine and output the number of documents from the measured actual position.
  • this determined value can be compared with a desired value.
  • the document type determines the frequency at which the document stack has a negative refractive index. For example, the user may enter a selection of a document type from a given set of document types into the device. From this selection, the device then determines the frequency for the irradiation of the document stack. For example, the device accesses an assignment table in which the frequencies assigned to the various document types are stored.
  • the device can also be designed so that it determines the document type and / or the desired number, for example, from the spatial dimensions of the document stack.
  • the device has a sensor, in particular an optical sensor, to detect the document type of a document stack inserted into the device for inspection. From the eg visually, mechanically or by ultrasound sensed height of the document stack, the target number of stacked documents can be determined. This is particularly advantageous for checking banknote stacks, as the banknotes have different sizes that can be optically sensed to deduce the type of document. Further, banknotes are typically stacked in bundles of predetermined numbers, such as 50, 100 or 200 pieces, depending on the bill.
  • the target number can be determined.
  • this target number is first determined by optically reading the imprint of the band and / or by measurement the height of the banknote stack when the banknote bundle is inserted into the device.
  • a time-consuming machine or hand count of banknotes can be eliminated by using a device according to the invention.
  • the invention relates to a method for checking whether a document stack has a predetermined target number of documents, comprising the following steps: irradiating the document stack with radiation of a frequency at which the document stack has a negative refractive index, and checking whether the radiation reaches a desired position after being refracted through the document stack.
  • a signal is generated in response to the detection of the radiation at the desired position to output the result of the check. For example, a first signal is output when the radiation at the target position has been detected, thereby signaling that the document stack actually has the desired number of documents. If the radiation is not detected at the desired position, then a second signal is output, which signals the opposite case, that is, that the document stack does not have the desired number of documents.
  • an actual position of the radiation is detected after refraction through the document stack.
  • the actual number of documents in the document stack is determined from the detected actual position. For example, this is done by subtraction between the desired and the actual position.
  • a signal can be generated and output which signals the actual number of documents in the document stack.
  • the invention relates to a method for checking the authenticity of one or more documents, wherein it is checked whether a plurality of documents stacked on one another has a property of a metamaterial.
  • a method for checking the authenticity of documents of a given document type stacked in a document stack comprising the following steps: irradiating the document stack with a radiation of a frequency at which a document stack formed from documents of the predefined document type has a negative refractive index, and checking whether the radiation reaches a target position after being refracted on the document stack to be inspected
  • a signal is generated in response to the result of the test to signal the result of the test, for example to a user.
  • a first signal is generated, for example, which signals that all documents in the document stack are genuine.
  • a second signal is generated, which signals that one or more documents in the document stack are not genuine.
  • an actual position of the radiation is detected after refraction through the document stack. If the actual position deviates from the desired position, the number of spurious documents in the document stack is determined from this deviation. In this case, it is assumed that the spurious documents do not have the at least one structural element for forming the metamaterial. If there are enough real documents in the stack of documents, a metamaterial will still be formed, albeit with a different refractive index. This results in the deviation of the actual position from the desired position. From this deviation it is possible to deduce the number of documents in the document stack which do not have the at least one structure element.
  • Embodiments of the invention are particularly advantageous in a production environment in which value or security documents are produced.
  • a production environment in which value or security documents are produced.
  • the same document stack of a predetermined target number of half-finished value or security documents is transported from one processing station to the next.
  • it is repeatedly checked whether a given document stack still contains the target number of documents to be processed. This is intended, inter alia, to ensure that semi-finished documents or finished documents, in particular document blanks, are not removed from the document stack in order to steal them from the production environment.
  • the examination of whether a document stack of semifinished value or security documents or completed value or security documents, as well as document blanks of value or security documents has a predetermined target number is rationalized by embodiments of the invention, since the documents are not counted individually have to.
  • Embodiments of the invention are furthermore particularly advantageous for the transport of banknote bundles.
  • Banknotes are typically bundled in predetermined numbers and transported in this form, e.g., depending on the banknote type, in bundles of 50, 100 or 200 pieces. When handing over the banknotes from one place to the next, they have to be counted each time.
  • embodiments of the invention are particularly advantageous because a complicated manual or mechanical Nachire unnecessary.
  • the FIG. 1 1 shows an embodiment of a document 100 according to the invention.
  • the document 100 may be, for example, an ID document, such as a personal ID card, passport, driver's license, or the like, or a currency, such as a banknote.
  • the document 100 may be in personalized or not yet personalized form, that is, as a document blank.
  • the document 100 may also be a semi-finished product undergoing a manufacturing process in a production environment.
  • the Figure 1A shows a plan view of the document 100.
  • the document 100 carries on its upper side structural elements 102, which are formed here as a split rings.
  • the structural elements 102 each form a resonator.
  • the resonators lead to a magnetic dipole moment and in a certain frequency range of the incident radiation to a negative effective permeability.
  • two structural elements 102, 104 are always shown here on the document 100.
  • the document 100 may preferably also contain a significantly larger number of structural elements 102, 104 next to one another.
  • the features may or may not extend over the entire surface of the document 100.
  • the document On its underside (cf. Fig. 1 B) the document has 100 structural elements 104, which are formed here antenna-shaped. Structural elements 104 form a grid when multiple documents 100 are stacked on top of each other. This grid leads to a negative permittivity and thus to a negative refractive index.
  • the document 100 may also carry one or more other structural elements.
  • a "structural element” here is understood to be a conductive or nonconductive structure incorporated in a document, wherein a metamaterial is formed by the repeated arrangement of such a structural element or a combination of this structural element with a complementary other structural element in a spatial pattern.
  • the frequency or frequencies at which the document 100 acts as a metamaterial depend inter alia on the shape and size of the individual structural elements and their spatial arrangement, in particular on the spacing of the structural elements.
  • a check is made as to whether a document stack formed by several documents 100, e.g. A banknote bundle forming a metamaterial can be made by irradiating the document stack with radiation of a suitable frequency chosen according to the structural elements and their spatial arrangements. For example, radiation in the terahertz frequency range, microwave radiation or infrared radiation can be used.
  • FIG. 2 shows a further embodiment of the document 100.
  • the structural elements 102 are formed as double-split rings.
  • the structural elements 102 and 104 may also be round, oval or in another geometric shape.
  • the structural elements 102, 104 may be formed of electrically conductive materials that are incorporated into the document or applied to the document 100. This may be, for example, a metallic material or a conductive plastic. The latter is particularly advantageous since the application of the structural elements 102, 104 can take place completely or partially by printing technology.
  • the structural elements 102, 104 may also have a dielectric or be formed as inverse conductive structures.
  • the document 100 carries a plurality of structural elements 102, 104, which are correspondingly small in size.
  • FIG. 3 shows another embodiment of the document 100.
  • the structural elements 102, 104 are not disposed directly on or at the top and bottom of the document 100, respectively, but inside the document body 106, such as in the cross-sectional view of FIG FIG. 3B shown. This has the advantage that the presence of the structural elements of the document 100 with the naked eye is not easy to look at.
  • the document body 106 has in the embodiment considered here a multilayer structure, wherein in the FIG. 3A the individual layers are shown in an exploded view. For example, one or more of the layers are each formed by a film 108, with the films 108 laminated together to form the document body 106.
  • the structural elements 102 are arranged on one of the foils 108.1; in the case of the film 108.1, this is the third layer of the document body 100 from above.
  • the structure elements 104 are arranged on another foil 108.2, which is spaced from the foil 108.1.
  • the foil 108.2 is the third layer of the document body 106 from below.
  • the document body 106 has, for example, a thickness of 800 ⁇ m.
  • the thickness of the layers of the document body 106 is for example 100 ⁇ m.
  • the thickness of the uppermost layer 108.3, that is to say of the overlay, and of the lowermost layer 108.4, that is to say the underlays, can deviate therefrom and be, for example, 50 ⁇ m.
  • Internal foils can deviate considerably from this, for example a 300 ⁇ m inlay can be used for embedding an integrated circuit.
  • the distance between the structural elements 102 of the foil 108.1 and the structural elements 104 of the foil 108.2 is accordingly approximately 400 ⁇ m.
  • the distance between the structural elements 102 to the uppermost document layer 108.3 and the spacing of the structural elements 104 from the lowermost document layer 108.4 is consequently approximately half of this distance between the structural elements 102 and 104, that is to say approximately 200 ⁇ m.
  • This has the advantage that stacking of several of the documents 100 into a document stack results in uniform distances of vertically successive structural elements 102 and 104 of 400 ⁇ m, so that a spatially repeating pattern is formed by the structural elements 102, 104.
  • the structural elements 102 and / or 104 may be printed on the foils 108.1 or 108.2 and / or other of the foils 108 or produced by means of etching.
  • FIG. 4 shows a further embodiment of the document 100.
  • the document body 106 of a single one of the documents 100 already contains a spatial repetition of the pattern formed by the structural elements 102, 104 in the vertical direction.
  • the document body 106 has two foils 108.1 with the structural elements 102 and two foils 108.2 with the structural elements 104. If the document body 106 the same height as the document body 106 in the embodiment of FIG. 3 Accordingly, the vertical distance between two halves accordingly Layers of the document comprising the structural elements 102 and 104, respectively. This distance is then in the embodiment of FIG. 4 200 microns instead of 400 microns, as in the embodiment of the FIG. 3 the case is.
  • FIG. 5 FIG. 12 shows another embodiment of the document 100 in which the spatial pattern formed by the features 102, 104 is included four times vertically in the document body 106 of a single one of the documents 100. Accordingly, the vertical distance between the structural elements 102 and 104 is halved again, to 100 microns, when the document body 106 in the embodiment of the FIG. 5 again substantially the same height as in the embodiments of Figures 3 and 4 Has.
  • the uppermost structural elements 102 are located immediately below the overlay, and the lowermost structural elements 104 are located immediately below the underlay (compare the layers 108.3 and 108.4, respectively).
  • the overlay and / or the underlay are preferably formed from a non-transparent or hardly transparent material.
  • the visible structural elements 102, 104 are the FIG. 5 constructed of transparent conductive structures, for example structured ITO on the films.
  • the structural elements 102, 104 preferably have an order of magnitude also in the ⁇ m range.
  • the structural elements 102 and / or 104 have a size between 10 ⁇ m and 8 mm.
  • a document stack formed from the documents 100 then acts as a meta material in a frequency range in the far-infrared, terra-Hz or microwave range of the spectrum.
  • Fig. 4 and 5 is the distance with which the spatial pattern repeats, each reduced by a factor of 2. Accordingly, the frequency at which a stack formed of documents 100 acts as a metamaterial also changes by the same factor.
  • FIG. 6 schematically shows the examination of a single document 100 or a document stack 110 of identically constructed documents 100, for example, the embodiments of Figures 2 . 3 or 4 .
  • the document stack 110 is loaded with a test beam 112 in the vertical direction.
  • the sample beam 112 passes through the document stack 110.
  • the intensity of the sample beam 112 transmitted through the document stack 110 is measured and evaluated. It can be concluded from the frequency-dependent attenuation of the test beam 112 that the document stack 110 forms a meta material. This feature of the document stack 110 thus serves for verification.
  • the FIG. 7 Figure 4 shows an alternative approach to verification of a single one of the documents 100 or a document stack 110.
  • the sample beam 112 is reflected at the document stack 110. Due to the manner of reflection of the sample beam 112 on the document stack 110, it can be checked whether the meta material is actually formed by the document stack 110. For this purpose, the ratio of the incidence and the angle of reflection of the sample beam 112 and / or the intensities of the incident and reflected test beams 112. For the corresponding sensors spatially resolved detectors can be used.
  • the FIG. 8 schematically shows a preferred structure for verifying the metamaterial properties of the document stack 110. For this purpose, it is checked whether, for example, the document stack 110 has a negative refractive index.
  • the corresponding beam path of the test beam 112 when passing through the document stack 110 shows the FIG. 8 ,
  • the beam path in the document stack 110 does not correspond to normal materials with an angular deviation in the same quadrant.
  • the Indian FIG. 8 shown beam path can only be realized by a metamaterial, and be readjusted with no other material.
  • an effective refractive index is formed from the material of the forged documents and the metamaterial of the genuine documents 100, so that the deviation of the position of the sample beam 112 and / or the frequency-dependent behavior of the document stack 110 increases the number of falsified documents can be detected.
  • the FIG. 9 1 shows an embodiment of a device 114 according to the invention.
  • the device 114 has a base part 116 and a back part 118.
  • the base part 116 and the back part 118 form a receiving area for a document stack 110 educated.
  • a specific position for the document stack 110 in the device 114 is defined by the base part 116 and the back part 118.
  • a radiation source 120 is attached.
  • the radiation source 120 serves to irradiate the document stack 110 with a test beam 112.
  • a sensor 122 for detecting the refracted on the document stack 110 sample beam 112 is arranged on the base part 116.
  • the sensor 122 is located at a desired position at which the broken sample beam 112 exits from the document stack 110, provided that the document stack 110 has a predetermined set number of valid documents 100 of a given document type.
  • the device 114 has a control device 124, which is connected to the radiation source 120 and to the sensor 122.
  • the controller 124 controls the radiation source 120 to emit the sample beam 112.
  • the control device 124 may specify the frequency of the test beam 112. This is particularly advantageous when the device 114 is to be used to inspect document stacks 110 containing documents 100 of different document types in which the metamaterial properties are formed at different frequencies.
  • the controller 124 is further configured to receive a signal from the sensor 122.
  • the control device 124 After switching on the radiation source 120, receives a signal from the sensor 122, which signals the control device 124 that the test beam 112 has been detected at its desired position, the control device 124 generates a corresponding verification signal which is output via an output 126 is issued.
  • the controller 124 generates an error signal to signal that no verification of the document stack 110 could be made, that is, the document stack 110 does not have the target number of documents 100 and / or there are invalid documents in the document Document stack 110.
  • the output 126 may be an electronic communications interface, for example, over a network or to a computer.
  • the output 126 may also be embodied as a human-machine interface, so that the verification signal and / or the error signal are output, for example, as acoustic or optical signals for a user.
  • the document stack 110 is brought into its position defined by the base part 116 and the back part 118 of the device 114 in the receiving area.
  • the control device 124 then switches on the radiation source 120, so that the document stack 110 is acted upon by the test beam 112. If the document stack 110 has the desired number of documents 100 and there are no forged documents in the document stack, the test beam 112 is refracted with the refractive index of the meta material formed by the document stack 110, so that it is at its desired position from the document stack 110 exits, at which the sensor 122 is located, so that this emits a corresponding detection signal to the control device 124.
  • the controller 124 then generates a verification signal which is output via the output 126 to signal that the document stack 110 is in order.
  • the error signal is generated by the controller 124 and output via the output 126, thereby indicating that the document stack 110 is out of order, that is, either does not have the correct number of documents 100 or contains forged documents.
  • FIG. 10 shows a further embodiment of a device 114 according to the invention.
  • several sensors are arranged in the base part 116 at different alternative nominal positions.
  • a sensor 122.1 is arranged at a desired position A
  • a sensor 122.2 at a desired position B
  • a sensor 122.3 at a desired position C.
  • a sensor array can also be arranged in the base part 160, which is used for Detection at the various desired positions and deviating from the desired positions actual positions is formed.
  • the controller 124 has a memory 127 in the embodiment contemplated herein. Further, the controller 124 has a processor 128 for executing program instructions 131. Further, the controller 124 includes an input device 130, such as a keyboard or a touch screen. The controller 124 may be realized by a personal computer, for example.
  • a user Via the input 130, a user can enter the desired number of documents 100 of the document stack 110 to be verified and select a document type from a predefined set of document types, wherein the document stack 110 should have documents of this document type.
  • the desired number entered by the user via the input device 130 and the selected document type are stored in the storage areas 132 and 134 of the memory 127, respectively.
  • the target number and the document type can also be preset via so-called user settings.
  • the memory 127 also stores a table for each type of document.
  • the FIG. 10 shows such a table 136 exemplarily for the document type I.
  • the associated target position is specified as a function of the desired number of document type I documents in the document stack 110 to be verified. For example, with a number of ten documents of document type I, the test beam 112 at the desired position A must exit from the document stack 110 and accordingly be detected by the sensor 122.1. On the other hand, a target number of twenty documents of the document type I corresponds to the desired position B, that is to say to a detection signal of the sensor 122.2, etc.
  • a table 138 is also stored.
  • the table 138 is used to assign frequencies of the sample beam 112 to the document types. If, for example, a document stack 110 is to be verified with documents 100 of the document type I, a frequency F1 must be selected for the test beam 112. Analogously, to verify a document stack 110 from documents of document type II, a frequency of the test beam of F2 is required, etc.
  • the document stack 110 is introduced into the device 114 in its position defined by the base part 116 and the back part 118. A user then inputs the target number of documents and the document type to the controller 124 via the input device 130.
  • the table associated with the selected document type is then accessed to determine the target position from this table. For example, if the user has entered a target count of twenty and has selected document type I, the table 136 associated with that document type I is accessed. From the table 136, the target position assigned to the number "20", that is, the position B is read out.
  • the table 138 is accessed to read from there the frequency associated with the selected document type. In the example case considered here, in which the document type I has been selected, this is therefore the frequency F1.
  • the controller 124 then drives the radiation source 120 to deliver the sample beam 112 at the frequency F1.
  • the sample beam 112 is refracted from the document stack 110. If the document stack 110 has the desired number of documents 100 of the correct document type I and, moreover, all of the documents 100 of the document stack 110 are genuine, then is formed by the document stack 110 a metamaterial having a valid refractive index, so that the sample beam 112 exits at its desired position B from the document stack 110.
  • the sensor 122.2 outputs its detection signal, which is received by the control device 124 and evaluated by means of the program instructions 131. Due to the receipt of the detection signal from the sensor 122.2, that is from the desired position, which was previously determined from the table 136, a verification of the document stack 110 is given, so that the program 131 generates a corresponding Verificationssignal and the output 126th outputs. In contrast, if no detection signal or a detection signal has been received from another of the sensors 122.1 or 122.3, by execution of the program instructions 131, on the other hand, an error signal is generated, which is output via the output 126.
  • the user it is not necessary for the user to input the desired number into the control device 124 via the input device 130.
  • the determination of the target number can rather be done automatically by, for example, by a in the FIG. 10 not shown sensor of the device 114, the actual height of the document stack 110 is measured and assigned to a predetermined target number.
  • the imprint of a sleeve holding the document stack 110 is automatically read; the label includes an imprint of the target number of documents 100 to be in the document stack 110.
  • the program instructions 131 are designed such that the actual number of documents 100 in the document stack 110 is determined from the deviation of a detected actual position from the desired position. If one assumes that all the documents 100 of the document stack 110 are genuine, the actual number of documents in the beam can be determined from the geometry of the beam path
  • Derive document stack 110 since yes sets the valid refractive index.
  • the actual number of documents is output via the output 126.
  • the program instructions 131 are designed such that, in the case of a deviation of the actual position from the desired position, the number of spurious documents in the document stack 110 is determined. Namely, assuming that the document stack 110 actually has the target number of documents 100, then, in the presence of spurious documents in the document stack 110, a refractive index deviating from the valid refractive index, wherein the degree of deviation from the number of spurious documents in the document stack 110 depends.
  • the detected actual position of the exit of the test beam 112 from the document stack 110 is meaningful with regard to the number of spurious documents in the document stack 110.
  • the program instructions 131 generate an output signal for signaling the number of spurious documents in the document stack 110, which is output via the output 126 from the controller 124.
  • the design of the sensor 122 is able to determine the actual position such that the number of documents can be accurately determined even with a large number of documents.
  • the sensor may distinguish between 499, 500, and 501 documents, with the actual positions of these different levels of document stacks differing by at least one pixel of the line sensor.
  • the FIG. 11 shows an embodiment of a method according to the invention for checking whether a document stack has a predetermined desired number of documents according to the invention of a specific document type.
  • step 200 the target number and / or the document type of a User or machine specified.
  • the step 200 may be omitted if the target number and the document type are set in advance.
  • step 202 from the target number and / or the document type, a target position is determined at which the test beam exits the document stack 110 after it has been broken. Also, the determination of the target position in the step 202 may be omitted if this is predetermined by setting the target number and the document type from the outset.
  • a test beam is directed to the document stack 110.
  • step 206 it is checked whether the actual position at which the test beam exits from the document stack 110 is equal to the desired position. If so, it is concluded in step 208 that the actual number of documents in the document stack is equal to the target number and a corresponding output signal is generated. In the opposite case, an output signal is generated in step 210 in order to signal that the actual number is not equal to the setpoint number.
  • This embodiment of the method according to the invention is particularly advantageous if there is certainty as to the authenticity of the documents of the document stack.
  • the actual number of documents can additionally be determined from the deviation of the actual position from the desired position.
  • FIG. 12 shows an alternative embodiment, wherein the initial steps 200 to 206 identical to the embodiment of FIG. 11 could be.
  • the correspondence of the actual position with the target position concludes that all documents of the document stack are genuine.
  • step 310 which follows step 206, if the actual position does not match the target position, it is concluded that at least one invalid document is in the document stack.
  • the embodiment of the FIG. 12 is particularly advantageous for those applications where there is security regarding the actual number of documents in the document stack.
  • that is in the step 200 in the embodiment of the FIG. 12 entered actual number per definition equal to the target number. This makes it possible to determine from the deviation of the actual position from the target position, the number of forged documents in the document stack.

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EP09160380A 2008-06-23 2009-05-15 Wert- oder Sicherheitsdokument mit einem Sicherheitsmerkmal Active EP2138322B1 (de)

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DE10163265A1 (de) * 2001-12-21 2003-07-03 Giesecke & Devrient Gmbh Wertdokument und Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Prüfung des Wertdokuments
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US7522124B2 (en) * 2002-08-29 2009-04-21 The Regents Of The University Of California Indefinite materials
GB0305606D0 (en) * 2003-03-12 2003-04-16 Univ The Glasgow Security labelling
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US6958729B1 (en) 2004-03-05 2005-10-25 Lucent Technologies Inc. Phased array metamaterial antenna system
US20050276906A1 (en) * 2004-06-10 2005-12-15 Gary Metzger Systems and methods for detecting and verifying taggant information of a tagged item or substance
DE102004043064A1 (de) * 2004-09-06 2006-03-09 Giesecke & Devrient Gmbh Sicherheitselement mit maschinenlesbarem Echtheitsmerkmal
DE102006024948A1 (de) * 2006-05-29 2007-12-06 Giesecke & Devrient Gmbh Verfahren zur kontaktlosen Übertragung von Daten und/oder Energie zwischen einem Endgerät und wenigstens einem Transponder
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EP2138322A3 (de) 2011-07-13
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PL2138322T3 (pl) 2013-01-31

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