Classifications

• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
  • B63H—MARINE PROPULSION OR STEERING
  • B63H1/00—Propulsive elements directly acting on water
  • B63H1/30—Propulsive elements directly acting on water of non-rotary type
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
  • B63H—MARINE PROPULSION OR STEERING
  • B63H1/00—Propulsive elements directly acting on water
  • B63H1/30—Propulsive elements directly acting on water of non-rotary type
  • B63H1/36—Propulsive elements directly acting on water of non-rotary type swinging sideways, e.g. fishtail type

Definitions

• the present invention relates to a drive device in particular for a bending blade, a bending blade with such a drive device and a watercraft with a drive and / or control member.
• the drive device for a bending blade is designed connectable on one side with a drive and has a substantially formed in the form of a wedge bending element, which has at least two, away from the drive away and on the side of the drive spaced from each other bending sections whose distance from each other are reduced in the direction away from the drive and are coupled in a force-transmitting manner in the region of the end of the bending element facing away from the drive.
• the invention further relates to a bending blade, which can deform elastically three-dimensionally, wherein a change in shape with continuous contour transition is infinitely adjustable.
• the invention has been inspired in several aspects by observations of bird flight and underwater flight of penguins, sea turtles, manta rays, which have interesting flight characteristics and sometimes exceptional maneuvering capabilities, which are relatively rigid with those commonly used in the art Systems could not be reached so far.
• Constructions in which remarkable properties are achieved in the interaction of flexible composite structures with the environment are known in the prior art, for example under the brand name Fin Ray Effect®, and include, for example, toothbrushes, lever constructions, pliers, flippers, etc. These have with others Commonly known profile elements for sails and aircraft wings in common that they deform passively under external force in an advantageous manner for the application in question. Some constructions are tiltable or pivotable about an axis of rotation at the base or can -. B. in the case of a backrest of a seat - are also braced form change.
• a rudder construction is described, which is held on an axis and has a variable in the cross-sectional plane profile shape.
• profile elements especially for ship sails (LU 88 528 A, Thirkell Laurent) and wings (EP 0 860 355 A1, Flavio Campanile) - with a flexible outer skin and internal spacers held by a rigid central portion to length or curved sideways As well as wing ribs with a closed - and thus with constant length - flexible outer belt whose curvature can be varied to a limited extent via an active change in the angle of inclination of inner stiffening elements relative to the outer belt.
• the variation aims in the said cases on an influence of the profile geometry in the direction of flow, the blade geometry in mast or Spannweiteraum is not addressed.
• the present invention has for its object to provide by simple constructive measures an elastically flexible wing and a drive device for such a wing, which can deform in several directions and in which a stepless change in shape with flowing contour transition is adjustable, so that these z. B. can be used in the flow dynamic application for control functions or for propulsion generation, with respect to the use in the broader sense, other application functions are to be made possible.
• the aim is to make all parts of the wing, in particular its drive device, the parts of its skeleton as flexible as possible, soft and articulated to connect with each other and yet to achieve a high structural strength.
• the drive device for a bending blade according to the invention that the bending sections are held on the side of the drive substantially along the longitudinal axis of the wedge relative to each other and the movable movable element in dependence on the relative position of the bending sections on the side of the drive a different, in the thickness direction of the bending impact blade, ie, perpendicular to the cross section of the formed in the form of a wedge bending element, pointing curvature is configured convertible.
• the bending blade according to the invention solves the above object in that at least one of the drive devices according to the invention is provided for changing the outer contour of the bending blade, wherein the drive-side ends of the bending sections are arranged in the wing root.
• the watercraft according to the invention solves this problem in that the drive and / or control member is an inventive Bielaglaginatel.
• the term watercraft also includes vehicles that move in other fluids, including gases, including aircraft.
• tension elements e.g. Tensile forces transmitting ropes
• pressure elements which transmit tensile and compressive forces to understand how push rods or spars.
• These bending sections can also be sheet-like elements, e.g. to be a flexible plate.
• the shape of a wedge is to be understood as a body in which two ele- ments or side surfaces, running at an acute angle, converge towards one another. Wedge shape in the sense of the present invention may include, but does not assume, that the converging elements also meet at an acute angle.
• a bending impact blade - z. B. in the flow dynamic sense a wing or control member - is equipped with a flexible carrier element as a bending section which extends in the interior of the wing in the spanwise direction and acts as a bending beam, which is connected to an actuator which can bend the bending beam transversely to the wing surface stepless ,
• a significant feature of the present invention is that the adjusting not at the root and not transverse to the spar, but at the top of the support element or approximately in the region of the center of gravity of the fluid dynamics forces in the outer region of the wing into the structure is introduced to selectively actuate the outside of the wing.
• the drive device according to the invention, the bending blade according to the invention and the aircraft and watercraft according to the invention can be further developed by different, mutually independent, each advantageous embodiments. These refinements and the advantages associated with the respective embodiments will be briefly discussed below.
• the power transmission to the outside of the wing can be done according to the invention by tension members or push rods as bending portions of the bending element, which are guided from the proximal end, ie from the wing root in the form of a wedge at an acute angle to the side facing away from the output side, eg a tip of the bending element, where the bending sections are connected in a force-transmitting manner at the end facing away from the drive.
• tension members or push rods as bending portions of the bending element, which are guided from the proximal end, ie from the wing root in the form of a wedge at an acute angle to the side facing away from the output side, eg a tip of the bending element, where the bending sections are connected in a force-transmitting manner at the end facing away from the drive.
• the adjusting force depends on the angle of attack, which is limited in the case of a bending impact wing but by the profile height at the root of the wing, can in central arrangement of Carrier elements, ie supporting bending sections and only half the profile or wing height as the base distance, ie the output side distance between two coupled bending sections can be used. At a large base distance, the tensile force is correspondingly larger and at the same time the adjustment path is smaller.
• requirements and influencing factors including: strength of the acting or applied forces, length-thickness ratio of the moving wing, actuator principle, sensory requirements and other conditions, to decide which embodiment is the most suitable.
• a pressure-stable bending section can be coupled to a further pressure-stable bending section for force transmission.
• a portion of at least one bending section at the drive end in a bearing can be held tilt-proof.
• Non-tilting means that the held section can not be tilted relative to the bearing.
• a rotational movement about the longitudinal axis of the held portion as well as an axial displacement along the longitudinal axis are permissible and in some embodiments also desirable.
• the retained section can also be fixed in the bearing.
• the invention can also provide a storage, which means in the most general sense any kind of component on which the drive device according to the invention or the drive-side bending sections of the invention wings can be attached, held or guided -.
• a storage which means in the most general sense any kind of component on which the drive device according to the invention or the drive-side bending sections of the invention wings can be attached, held or guided -.
• a plate an open frame structure, a clamping element or a closed shell, a fuselage segment, etc., possibly also another Wing.
• the bending element according to the invention of the wing according to the invention or its drive device in the drive-side base region, ie at its root, in a predetermined orientation with respect to the holder tip over - which is not pivotally about a pivot joint - is guided.
• the component used for storage can then in turn be movably mounted in a form known from the prior art and overall a variety of possible combinations with known constructions arise, to which, however, will not be discussed here.
• the description essentially deals with an advantageous embodiment for wings with relatively slender profiles, which can be actuated on both sides and can be actuated on both sides with little effort and with a continuous contour.
• the bending support serving as a bending section is arranged on the upper or lower profile edge and is preferably held in its base region in a suitable receptacle on the fuselage such that its upper edge merges approximately tangentially into the fuselage contour.
• a flexible push rod is inserted as a further bending section, which is connected in the outer region of the wing at an acute angle to the bending beam and in the projection on the median plane of the wing has the same orientation as the above-mentioned bending beam, is frictionally connected with the same at the desired point, and is slidably guided in its base region on the relevant fuselage side in a corresponding receptacle, so that it can be moved in its longitudinal direction.
• an actuator is provided which engages in the base region or at least in the vicinity thereof or at the end of the pressure rod directly or by means of a suitable mechanical connection.
• the push rod acts in the opposite direction as a tension element
• -action reaction is clear that the bending rod is also loaded in its longitudinal direction alternately times train and sometimes pressure.
• the symmetry condition implies that the bending beam and the compression or tension rod can also be designed identically as bending sections in the wing area, which is why they are generally referred to as "spars" or "straps".
• the straps or spars may possibly also be flexible planar elements, composites or functional units which are composed of a plurality of juxtaposed structural components. nenten or fiber elements put together, which have finer differentiations in terms of their individual design and fiber orientation, if necessary, can also be designed individually replaceable, which z.
• the wing carrier contains two physically or at least functionally differentiable structural elements which can be variably controlled or actuated individually or in combination in a suitable / inventive manner.
• both spars together form the bending element of a preferred embodiment of the construction according to the invention.
• the bending curve, d. H. the bending curve of a bent bending section can be influenced in an advantageous manner by constructive measures (material distribution, geometry, etc.) and / or by operative measures.
• the bending element can be designed substantially in the form of a pyramidal wedge and have at least three, on the drive side spaced-apart bending sections whose distances from one another decreases in the direction away from the drive.
• the bending element can be bent not only in a bending plane, but can, by correspondingly actuated relative movements of the drive-side bending sections of the bending element in a further spatial axis, that is also curved out of the bending plane out.
• the end of the bending element facing away from the drive can thus be bent in intersecting curvature planes, as a result of which, for example, circular bending movements can be achieved.
• Two bar-shaped bending sections which are formed as a wedge, can only be curved in the bending plane, which span the longitudinal axes of the wedge. If a further bending section, which is spaced at the side of the drive from this bending plane, is now coupled to the tip of this wedge, then the originally V-shaped bending wedge can be curved out of its bending plane if a tensile or bending movement occurs over the third bending section Pressure force is exerted on the tip of the wedge.
• the bending element can also have four bending sections, which form a wedge in the form of a pyramid with a quadrangular base.
• the end of the bending element facing away from the drive can continue away from the drive as a flexible extension.
• connection point of the bending elements for. B. two flexible beams, at about 2/3 to 4/5 of the maximum distance of the maximum length of the bending element, whereby the bending element from the connection point as a flexible extension to the wing tip towards softer, ie more flexible and easily twistable continues, so that An "arm area” and a "hand area” can be distinguished, which have different properties and differ in terms of motion kinematics and their fluid dynamic behavior insofar as the hand area travels elastically in up and down strokes and viewed from the front, in the Compared to the arm region is curved in the opposite direction.
• the hand area can in turn be designed as a smaller bending impact wing or a drive device for this, which can be controlled separately, so that realize more complex movement sequences, or targeted control functions and maneuvers in the interaction of arm and hand wing and the flow behavior including edge vortex formation can be actively controlled or influenced as on a controllable winglet.
• the wing can be wound elastically in the spanwise direction. This is especially important in the production of propulsion.
• the bending element itself is designed torsionally elastic.
• the torsion properties can be predetermined or adjusted by the material and constructional design of the bending section (s) and can be influenced to a certain extent by the structure stress, different tensile forces or also a variable internal pressure in the bending sections.
• the torsion can be done passively on the one hand, z. B. by asymmetric action of external forces on the front and rear wing area, on the other hand, but also - for example, for controlling and navigating actively brought about.
• a controllable actuator By means of a controllable actuator, the torsional rigidity of the blade can be changed in a simple manner, and attenuation, amplification or active induction of a twisting of the blades can be achieved.
• the rempligelverwindung can be actively controlled according to the invention in various ways.
• the drive device according to the invention can have tension elements which run spirally in or around at least one bending section, at least in one section.
• two spaced-apart profiles can be diagonally braced with respect to their profile height and shorten the diagonal spacing when the cable is pulled, so that the profile elements are rotated relative to one another about the longitudinal axis of the actuator arm and the surface spanned by the profile elements is correspondingly twisted.
• the transmission of a torsional force can be achieved by means of a flexible shaft.
• two or more drive devices are present per wing, which are spaced apart and movably connected to profile elements which define the outer contour of the wing, wherein the support elements are individually controlled with respect to their vertical deflection can be.
• the front and rear bending element can be curved differently and thus the wing surface can be vertwistet in different ways.
• more complex kinematic processes can be realized - eg. B. undulatory movements etc.
• a combined bending and torsional movement can be achieved in that at least one bending section at least partially extends substantially helically from the drive end of the bending element to the end remote from the drive of the bending element.
• An S-blow and possibly improved Abströmverhallten can also also in the profile direction, i. from the drive end to the output end, can be achieved by z.
• profile elements are equipped with a flexible trailing edge, which are arranged at the output end of the wing. Flexible trailing edges are also suitable for z. For example, in a manta-ray-like construction with two triangular wings and one tail, as well as an elastic skin spanning the overall construction - bionic flying wing - to allow uniform continuous 3D deformation of the entire surface, which can be bent in a variety of ways.
• a drive which can be connected with the drive-side end of at least one bending section in order to introduce into the bending section a drive component directed toward the end of the bending element facing away from the drive during operation.
• the introduction of force for the axial displacement substantially along the longitudinal axis of the wedge of one or more bending sections, for. B. spars, in the root area can be done according to the invention in different ways, for example by means of appropriate lever constructions or other means of movement implementation or directly by means of linear drive: z.
• linear motors hydraulic, pneumatic functional elements, artificial muscles, etc., which may also act as a guiding or holding elements at the same time.
• a favorable force introduction results in this case, in particular, when these tension elements engage in axial alignment or tangential as possible to the relevant bending section, wherein longitudinal displacement can be done by train in the distal or proximal direction or alternately in both directions.
• the connection to the bending section can, for. B. be realized by means of suitable joining techniques form, material and / or non-positively.
• the tension elements the respective spar as a bending section also spring laterally or in axial extension, z. B. in the form of flexible fibers, which can then suitably bundled, braided, woven, glued and / or if necessary also be surrounded with a protective cover.
• the movement forces space and weight saving can be transmitted over long distances and z. B. on rollers, guide channels, Bowden cables etc. are steered in the desired direction, so that the associated actuator can be arranged almost anywhere, for example in the fuselage or in the wing itself and the rest of space is not blocked by the mechanical transmission elements , At the same time, maximum mobility of the overall construction can be ensured.
• the fibers may of course also be connected in the manner of the fasciae with an artificial muscle element, the actuator principle of which is for example: B. based on length or volume change.
• the force-transmitting elements can be used advantageously for fastening a wing, for example, on a carrier or fuselage segment.
• the drive may have at least one reversible force transmission element which connects at least two bending sections on the drive side.
• This embodiment comprises z. B. that at least one spar is attached as an example of a bending section with a loop-shaped tension band which is connected at both ends or as a circumferential loop with a motor element for longitudinal displacement of the spar and in the drive-side base region of the bending element to a suitable recording or the fuselage contour is guided - preferably in a slideway, via a wheel or a multi-membered roller bearing - so that the train of the loop-shaped drawstring in one or the other direction of the attachment point of the spar z. B. is moved tangentially along the outer contour of the support structure.
• a suitable measure is provided which prevents the bars or straps from becoming detached from the wing body / profile body.
• At least one shape stabilizer is provided which limits the maximum distance between two bending sections at at least one point of the bending element.
• the task to obtain the distance between the bending sections and thus the profile height distribution of the wing in the predetermined shape can be solved in various ways.
• This can be z. B. by a formed in the outer contour area or externally resting skin, which is held together in a suitable manner at the appropriate location, by outside or inside clasp elements, circumferential contour bands, special leadership pockets on or in the profile body, an attachment to profile ribs or other Spacers happen, which connect the spars directly or indirectly, without hindering the relative longitudinal displacement of the spars to each other.
• connecting means may be provided which each hold two locations of the bending sections independent of the deformation of the bending element at the same distance from each other.
• the bending impact wing it can advantageously have a flexible outer shell in which the at least one bending element and at least one shaping element connected to the bending element and defining the flow profile of the bending impact wing are arranged.
• a plurality of spaced-apart profile bodies may be provided, which are arranged substantially along a bending section.
• the profile body arranged on the bending section form the skeleton, which defines the flow profile of the bending impact vane.
• the profile body can simultaneously represent the shape stabilizers of the drive device.
• the profile bodies not only define the flow profile of the bending impact vane, but at the same time ensure that the distance between bending sections is limited.
• Materials may be constructed, for example, in open skeleton construction with partial, one-sided or double-sided skin or outer covering, as a hollow body or solid body, which for example consist of a rubber-like material, elastomer, of an elastic foam, etc., or may be structured in its interior in a suitable manner.
• z As the 3D weaving, knitting, gluing and joining techniques, gradient and composite materials, laminates and composite materials, multi-component injection molding process, etc. mentioned, which allow a wealth of different design variants, the example only with a few examples / embodiments can be addressed.
• the wings are constructed so that all the structural elements are movable and elastically interconnected in the joints.
• the profile ribs may also be wholly or partially embedded in an elastomer or consist of such.
• a preferred arrangement that allows a great flexibility at the same time good shape retention consists z.
• the carrier element, a torsion-elastic profile element or a series of tread ribs are mounted laterally tiltable in a predetermined angular range, which are preferably aligned in the flow direction and preferably fixed on both sides movable to the spars.
• fastening of the profile ribs on the carrier element may optionally also have two or more degrees of freedom, so that the profile ribs, e.g. tilted laterally and are also rotatably mounted about the central axis of the support element over a predetermined angular range. This facilitates a twisting of the wing or reduces the torsional stress of the spars.
• the movably suspended ribs can be fan-shaped spread without force or merged with their free ends, and so the virtually no resistance is opposed to the longitudinal changes associated with the 3D deformation of the wing surface, especially in the wing trailing edge skeleton side.
• an elastically stretchable outer shell for example a covering with a kind of mesh, a membrane or generally skin, which connects the parts in a planar manner and elastically couples , so that virtually no further bracing elements are needed.
• An elastic skin effectively provides for a "Coordinated" behavior of the moving parts, and with changing geometries for constantly flowing contour transitions.Also, it also fulfills a flow-dynamic function and not least a decorative with a variety of design options as a sensor or other functional surface, advertising medium, etc.
• each movement chain and possibly also a control unit may be provided as a whole.
• the wing area of a tail blade located in the tail area can also be changed by active or passive spreading or folding, which may be advantageous, for example, for trim or control.
• This degree of freedom can also be further expanded by the fact that the profile elements are suspended freely pivotable in the lateral direction in the wing plane, so that the wing surface can possibly also be completely or partially folded in the direction of the spar in the manner of a jalousie or bottle ship.
• the various individual elements interact optimally with their different degrees of freedom, they can, for. B. be held together by springs or rubber-like elastomers, the latter may be formed, for example, as a circulating belt. This can also serve to set the desired Pflampepfeilung or change it.
• a resilient coupling of the structural elements can be achieved in the simplest way by forming a suitable skin structure or coating with an elastic network or an elastically extensible membrane.
• the profile ribs can in turn be designed differently according to the respective application requirements.
• the palette ranges from solid to thin bars from full to hollow. You can z. B. inflatable, as a balloon, buoyancy, tank or otherwise payload carriers may be formed and possibly also offer for attachment or integration of sensors or other functional elements.
• profile-forming surface elements can also be designed as electronic circuit boards, thus being used in a multifunctional manner.
• the profile elements may themselves be designed according to the type of drive device according to the invention, whereby their profile can be actively varied and adjusted.
• a further advantageous embodiment includes that the bending sections of the bending element can be filled with a medium and stiffened by variable internal pressure or adapted in a simple manner for different power conditions and / or application requirements. Due to the pressure conditions in the interior of a bending section, its bending behavior, ie its rigidity, can thus be influenced. By influencing the rigidity of the bent portions or portions of a bending portion in the area which bends, the bent shape of this bending portion can be manipulated specifically. In this way, even complex bends with different radii of curvature can be achieved.
• the rigidity of the bending section can be achieved both passively by design measures, such as thickness distribution, profiling, gradients or sections with material gradations.
• a plurality of pressure chambers can be arranged along the longitudinal axes in the interior of a bending section, which can be acted upon individually or coupled with a variable pressure.
• wing parts or the structure are configured as a whole like a membrane and are designed so that they are inflated by the back pressure (air, water, etc.).
• wing parts or the structure as a whole of elastomers, wherein z.
• different material thicknesses and / or material combinations with different properties: density, extensibility and bending properties, moduli of elasticity, Shore hardness, etc. can be used to construct and differentiate the structures according to the invention and the desired functional features.
• Such a basic structure with integrated duck and bending elements, tendons and "collagen" fibers, film hinges, cavities, filling elements and differentiated skin structures can be produced in large parts or even in whole, eg in multi-component injection molding, it being conceivable to design the wing structure in a broader sense also structured matrix body in which other mechanical elements, prefabricated components or other functional groups such as certain electronic modules, sensors, etc. embedded, for example, with encapsulated or can be added later
• the options for pressure-variable chamber filling with different media as well as for payload recording are of course retained in this integrated or embedded design.
• variable ribs are provided as a profile element whose profile curvature can be adjusted in the direction of flow by means of an actuator.
• an actuator for example, be similar to those described above.
• nen Doppelhoffl be equipped on one side with a continuous spar or clasp element that connects lying in the flow direction in front of the wing spar profile nose with the underlying profile end, and by Aktu réelle, ie axial displacement of corresponding sub-elements on the opposite side profile relative to each other in the desired manner upwards or curved down.
• the buoyancy or propulsion effects of the wing can be selectively influenced or control functions can be realized.
• At least two bending impact wings can be arranged opposite one another on a hull.
• the opposing Bielaglaginatel also, with the omission of the trunk, are directly connected to their wing roots. In this way, you get a watercraft, which is complex maneuverable by appropriate control of the impact of the individual bending blades in the water.
• At least one bending section of the one bending impact vane can be connected with the bending section of the other bending impact wing in a manner that transfers the motion.
• This can be with respect to the fixation of a spar for attachment to a separate carrier or fuselage segment in an embodiment with z.
• two opposing flapping wings and a spar of the one wing connected to the counterpart of the opposite wing for example, be formed as a continuous flexible spar, the two other spars of the opposite sides, for example, by a common adjusting symmetric or by means of separate adjusting possibly asymmetrical can be moved in their longitudinal direction.
• the hull segment in size, shape and structure can be freely designed or completely eliminated, resulting in different design options u. a. also result for flying wings.
• At least one bending section of one bending impact vane and at least one bending section of the other bending impact vane can be connected to the same drive.
• the path length of the longitudinal adjustment and the associated The unilateral stretching or compression of the contour, a skin or an internal material is reduced and distributed evenly on both sides and the symmetry of the movement can be improved.
• both spars of a wing are slidably mounted in the base region and preferably moved mechanically coupled by a common actuator.
• the drive devices according to the invention can also be used for a variety of other applications. It can be used in actively driven or passively flowed flow bodies, for example in flow-dynamic resistance bodies, flow bodies, flow guide bodies, transverse or drive body, as a stabilizer, wings, sails, dragons, etc., wherein the aforementioned applications can be applied to Extract energy from a flow.
• FIG. 2 shows a further embodiment of the drive device according to the invention. If spoken of in this application by the connecting element, it is meant bending section, in which the drive a force is introduced into the bending element;
• Fig. 4 is a front view: double wing from the front in different rempligelausschungen / beat phases
• FIG. 5 shows an embodiment of a wave-shaped wing contour under the external action of force 10 with the wing deflected upwards (eg at the end of an impact),
• FIG. 6 shows exemplary embodiments for various advantageous fastening possibilities of a bending impact wing according to the invention on a convex-preferably elliptical fuselage cross-section by means of a closed drawstring loop 14;
• FIG. 7 shows an exemplary embodiment of flying wings with two bending impact wings (type "eagle rays") in two views: bending element 1 dorsal (back) continuous, ventral (abdominal) divided into two parts and actuated, trunk is designed as a wider profile element, the tail receptacle 18 can possibly be designed as a nozzle for a jet propulsion, which is preferably pivotally mounted - for shear vector control, the profile elements 16 are formed in this case preferably as a bone-like profile clips, advantageously according to claim 17 and 18 be adjustable - for example, based on that in claim 6 described principle - of course adapted accordingly;
• FIG. 8 shows a frontal and dorsal view of another embodiment with subscribed actuators 20 and drive wheels 15 and a movable rear wing /
• Fig. 10 is a schematic illustration of the transverse diverging movement tendencies with the basic principle: force approach to the outer end 8 of the wing Holmes and the buckling of the bending element 4 and the shifted from its original position pull rope 3, which can be caused by overload if no profile ribs 16 present are; 11 shows a variant of a wing suspension by means of a pull-tab as a force transmission element 14.
• the drive wheel 15 tensions the tension loop 14 via the abutment 23 and lies within the bending element or carrier composite 1;
• Bearing point is active or passive pivoting
• FIG. 13 shows a further variant of a wing suspension by means of a pull loop 14, in which the drive device is designed to be laterally extendable, d. H. moved in its spanwise direction relative to a body 17 and can be retracted again.
• the drive wheel 15 spans over the counter bearings
• bending element 14 shows an example of an embodiment in which the bending element is enveloped by a tension-resistant structure 3, for example a 3D knitted fabric, which extends transversely to the tension-resistant structure 3, for example a 3D knitted fabric, which extends transversely to the tension-resistant structure 3, for example a 3D knitted fabric, which extends transversely to the tension-resistant structure 3, for example a 3D knitted fabric, which extends transversely to the
• Figure 15 shows an example of a folding mechanism with pivot points 24 in the spar about which the outer wing portion can be folded transversely to the wing surface, and connecting means 26 which allow a locking in the working position.
• Fig. 16 shows an example of a collapsible wing construction, which also allows a change in copepfeilung. Fulcrum 24 in the spar around the wing to be able to fold and pivot 25 in the profiles to fold this and the
• Fig. 17 shows an example of a bending blade with a bird's wing-like arm skeleton which has joints and a folding mechanism, with which a change in length of the wing in the spanwise direction with simultaneous variation the wing area reached or the wing can also be folded.
• Fig. 18 rollable wings
• FIG. 19 shows a bending element 1 which can be twisted at the root about the axis A2 with profile elements 5 in different embodiments by way of example as hollow bodies 5b, which optionally can be filled with variable pressure media, additional reinforcing ribs 16 and molding material 5a;
• Fig. 20 is a sketch of a bending element 1 with profile elements 5 which are rotatably mounted in the axes A2 and A1 relative to the carrier assembly 29 and so a 3D
• Fig. 21 shows a serial arrangement of a plurality of pairs of wings 40, 40 'on a common body 17, which together for. B. can perform an undulatorische movement, while in an energy-saving manner each can use the Nachstromfeld the Vorläu- ferglobes;
• Fig. 22 unilaterally mounted bending blade 40, which z. B. driving or stabilizing an object or can move a medium (Propulsor) or conduct, or can be moved by the flow, e.g. for energy production;
• FIG. 23 shows a wing element 40, which can be extended and retracted by means of actuators 20 with respect to another construction unit or structure, for example, can be used as a stabilizer in a ship;
• Fig. 24 shows an example of a star-shaped arrangement of several wings (2x3) around a fuselage 17 which swing back and forth or are mounted on hubs in two successively staggered planes and are rotated in opposite directions as rotors;
• FIG. 25 shows an example of a single-wing construction with a single flow: kite, flow anchor, etc. with the bending section 4 and the bending section 3 acting on the tension side, profile ribs 16 and a tendon sheath 27;
• Fig. 26 shows another embodiment of a bending element and
• Fig. 27 shows a further embodiment of a bending element, with which bending and torsional movements can be generated.
• FIG. 1 shows the basic principle of the drive device 30 according to the invention for a bending blade 40.
• the drive device 30 is configured on one side, the drive side I with a drive 15 connectable.
• the drive device 30 comprises a substantially formed in the form of a wedge bending element 1 with two bending sections 3, 4, the drive side by a distance d are spaced from each other.
• the distance is defined by bearing elements 2, which may be, for example, a receptacle, guide, a sliding bearing or a sleeve.
• the distance ⁇ of the bending sections 3, 4 from each other decreases in the direction away from the drive, d. H. in the direction of the longitudinal axis L of the wedge extending from the base thereof towards the tip.
• the bending sections 3, 4 are coupled force-transmitting.
• the bending sections 3, 4 are held so as to be movable relative to one another on the drive side essentially along the longitudinal axis L of the wedge.
• the bending element 1 is capable of being transferred to a different curvature in the thickness direction of the bending impact wing, depending on the relative position of the bending sections on the side of the drive.
• the thickness direction of the bending impact vane corresponds to the straight line which runs through the two bearings 2.
• the bearings 2 are shown as non-tilt bearing, although a rotation of the bending elements 3, 4 about its longitudinal axis and an axial displacement of the bending sections 3, 4 can allow, but prevents tilting of the bending sections 3, 4 relative to the bearing 2 , In this way, it is ensured that a pressure acting on the tip 8 of the wedge is reacted with a force component transverse to the longitudinal axis of a bending section 3, 4 into a curvature of the corresponding bending section 3, 4.
• the bending section 4 which quantifies a bending element which transmits tensile and compressive forces, such as, for example, a compression rod or spar, is fixed in its bearing 2. D.
• the bending section 4 is held firmly and immovably in the storage 2.
• the bending section 3, which forms the wedge-shaped bending element 1 together with the bending section 4, is shown in FIG. 1 as a purely tensile element, for example a pull rope or a tension belt.
• reference numeral 3 denotes a purely tensile forces transmitting part and reference numeral 4 a tensile and compressive forces transmitting part.
• the bending element 1 makes a bend.
• the curvature takes place in the plane which span the longitudinal axes of the bending sections 3 and 4 and takes place in the direction in which forces, in FIG. 1 b the tensile forces of the bending section 3, act on the bending section 4.
• the deflection of the bending section 4 based on the starting position shown in FIG. 1a, increases the greater the further the bending section 4 extends away from the drive side.
• the relative movement is achieved by pulling on the tensile bending section 3 by the drive 15 (shown schematically by an arrow in FIG. 1b).
• tensile forces are transmitted to the tip 8 of the bending element 1 on the bending section 4 shown in FIG. 1 b by the bending section 3.
• the tensile forces act on the tip of the bending portion 4 with a force component transverse to the longitudinal axis of the bending portion 4, whereby the wedge tip 8 of the bending element 1 is deflected in the bending plane and the bending element 1 is transferred to the curvature shown in Figure 1 b.
• FIG. 1d The transition from FIG. 1a to FIG. 1b during relative movement of the drive-side bending sections 3, 4 is summarized schematically in FIG. 1d.
• the bending sections 3, 4 shown as solid lines show the initial state of FIG. 1a.
• the bent portions 3 ', 4' shown in dashed lines show the curved state of FIG. 1b after relative movement by drive-side displacement of the tensile bending section 3 on the drive side substantially along the longitudinal axis L of the wedge.
• the tensile bending section 3 may be fixed in its bearing 2.
• the tension and compression-resistant bending section 4 is along its longitudinal axis. Axially held axially displaceable in the bearing 2, as indicated by an arrow.
• the non-tilting bearing 2 is a sleeve, the inner cross section of which substantially corresponds to the outer cross section of the held bending section 4. In this way, an axial relative displacement of sleeve 2 and bending section 4 is ensured without the bending section 4 can be tilted relative to the bearing sleeve 2.
• FIG. 1c An alternative embodiment is shown in FIG. 1c.
• the bending element 1 essentially corresponds to the bending element of FIG. 1a, but additionally has a further tensile bending section 3.
• the drive-side bending sections 3, 4 are spaced apart from one another and, according to the embodiment of FIG. 1c, lie essentially in a line. In this way, when the tensile bending sections 3 are moved on the drive side by the drive 15 substantially along the longitudinal axis L of the wedge relative to the pressure-resistant bending section 4, a bilateral curvature of the bending element can be achieved. If, for example, pulling on the left bending section 3 shown in FIG. 1c, a bending corresponding to FIG.
• FIG. 2 shows an alternative embodiment of the drive device 30 according to the invention for a bending blade 40.
• FIG. 2 substantially corresponds to the embodiment of Figure 1a, but the tensile bending section 3 is replaced in Figure 2 by a tensile and compression-resistant bending section 4.
• the two movable pressure rods as bending sections 4 clamp the bending element 1, which is essentially in the form of a wedge.
• both bending sections 4 are held tilt-proof.
• one or both may be moved relative to each other by a drive substantially along the longitudinal axis L of the wedge.
• one bending section 4 can be fixed on the drive side, while the other bending section is held axially displaceable in its bearing 2, ie that it can be displaced in and counter to the direction substantially corresponding to the longitudinal axis L of the wedge.
• both bending sections 4 may be held on the drive side in non-tiltable bearings 2.
• the bending movement is achieved in that the two drive-side bending sections are either alternately tensile or compressive or simultaneously, but oppositely, ie, the one bending section 4 is tension loaded and the other bending section 4 is pressure-loaded simultaneously.
• the simultaneous, but opposite power transmission has the advantage that larger forces can be transmitted to the top 8 of the flexure 1.
• both bending sections 4 on the drive side is axially displaceably held in non-tiltable bearings 2, allows the bending element 1 to be displaced in the direction of the end facing away from the drive, ie extended, without the bending element 1 bending.
• a bending section 4 fixed in a bearing 2 It is also possible to generate a relative movement by means of a bending section 4 fixed in a bearing 2. This can be achieved by changing the length of the bending section from its bearing to the point at which the bending section is force-transmittingly coupled to another bending section. For example, the length of a tensile and compression-resistant bending section 4, which is constructed telescopically, can be changed. The length of a tensile bending section 3 can also be changed, for example if the bending section is contracted in the manner of a muscle.
• FIG. 3 shows an exemplary embodiment of a bending impact vane 40 according to the invention, which has a drive device according to the embodiment shown in FIG.
• the drive 15 is not shown in FIG.
• the bending blade 40 is shown in perspective.
• the bending blade 40 has a span direction S, a chord direction B and a height H.
• the drive-side ends I of the bending sections 4 are arranged in the region of the wing root.
• the bending sections 4 of the bending element 1 extending away from the drive side I run essentially along the spanwise direction S of the bending impact wing 40.
• the wing itself has a wing body 5, which consists of a plastic material.
• the wing body 5 defines in FIG. 3 the flow profile of the bending impact wing 40, wherein the molding represents the shaping element 5 of the bending impact wing 40.
• the wing body 5 can consist, for example, of a molding material 5 a, such as foam or an elastomer, for example. Has ches cavities 5b.
• the bending sections 4 of the bending element 1 are connected to the outer shell of the shaped body 5 in FIG. 3, in which pockets 6 are provided in the region of the outer shell of the shaped body 5 in which the bending sections 4 can be arranged.
• the bending movement of the drive device 30, d. H. the curvature of the bending sections 4 in the region of the wedge-shaped bending element 1 from the drive-side bending sections 4 to the tip 8 can be transmitted to the elastic shaped body.
• a bending impact can be realistically adjusted with structurally simple means, in that the bending movement of the bending element 1 triggers the contour transition of the shaping element 5 which flows following the bending movement.
• the molded body 5 can have an outflow-side elastic trailing edge 22, which optimizes the flow-dynamic behavior and reduces turbulences in the area of the downstream trailing edge.
• the flow direction is indicated by arrows.
• the inflow-side edge is the blunt, round end and the outflow-side edge is the end with an acute angle.
• FIG. 4 shows a particular embodiment of a watercraft according to the invention, in which a bending flange 40 according to the invention is used as the drive and / or control elements.
• the watercraft of Figure 4 comprises two flexible rocker blades 40a and 40b according to the invention, which are arranged opposite each other and directly connected to each other at their wing roots.
• the bending portion 4 'of a bending blade 40a with the bending portion 4' of the other bending blade 40b is connected to transmit motion.
• a continuous bending section 4 ' forms in each case a bending section of the one bending impact wing 40 a and the bending impact wing 40 b.
• the drive device substantially corresponds to the embodiment shown in FIG.
• the other bending sections 4 of the flexible blades 40a and 40b are connected at their drive-side ends to transmit motion, each with a drive 15.
• a drive component oriented substantially in the direction of the longitudinal axis of the wedge-shaped bending element 1 can be introduced into the bending section. That is, the driving side ends of the bending sections 4 are connected to the respective drive 15 substantially in the direction of the longitudinal axis of the wedge back and forth movable.
• the movements of the two drives 15 are synchronized so that the bending sections 4 are both simultaneously expressed outwardly (upper sketch of FIG. 4a) or contracted inwardly (lower sketch of FIG. 4a). In this way, a symmetrical bending of the two bending elements 1 can be achieved and operate the watercraft 50 of Figure 4 as a flying wing.
• the drive-side sections of the bending sections instead of being coupled in each case with its own drive, can also be connected to a common drive.
• the arm region 13 with an inventive longitudinal curvature is shown actively bent upwards.
• the base is fixed between the supports 9 with the corresponding sliding guide 2.
• the position of the connection point 8 of the two spars is determined by the ratio of the effective, d. H. fixed from the support 9 on the free length of compression rod 1 and tension belt 3 acts as a further point of attachment or "virtual support” in relation to the external forces 10.
• the lateral action of the external forces 10 can only increase the curvature in the arm region 13.
• the soft flexible tip 11, on the other hand has no second fixed point, and the wing tip 11 is bent downward by the lateral force 10 over the entire hand region 12 in comparison with the orientation in the relaxed state 11 '.
• Fig. 6 shows embodiments for different advantageous mounting options of a bending blade according to the invention on a convex - preferably elliptical fuselage cross-section by means of a closed Switzerlandschlingschlaufe 14.
• Fig. 6a shows a one-sided attachment, ie only on a spar and
• Fig. 6b shows a two-sided attachment, ie at both Holmen.
• the advantage here is: a simple, robust, reliable attachment with tangential / axial, ie optimal force transmission into the structure, one good dimensional stability in all movement situations and load cases, a large-scale edition - no thin axles, which is crash-proof, shock-resistant and always form-fitting.
• Fig. 6 c shows an advantageous wheel drive.
• simple or double - for traction improvement - shown - actuator is decoupled in a simple way of large external forces. The latter are picked up by the large loop, can not compress the wheel, engage there tangentially in - almost - one point, d. H. approximately in the same axial position, the wheel can not tilt, so that the axle load is minimized at the wheel.
• FIG. 6 d shows equally advantageous alternatives with a perforated belt with good lateral guidance, in the z. B. can engage a gear.
• Fig. 6e and 6f show that the drawstring loop 14 may be at least partially designed as a toothed belt, on which a matching gear 15 or more - preferably coupled - coupling not shown - attack adjusting wheels 15.
• the variant e) requires less space, leaves more space in the fuselage, and allows the distribution of forces lower axle loads and stress of individual teeth or timing belt sections.
• the bending element 1 can also be configured to be flowable on only one side, ie it is brought into an angle of attack relative to a flowing medium.
• the bending portion 4 may be with the skin contour 19 on the pressure-receiving side of the construction and the bending portion 3 on the tension-receiving side.
• the bending section 4 and the balance would be the bending section 3. This bending section 3 would then extend from the point of attack 8 and / or the trailing edge of the wing over structural elements into the middle one Be led area where necessary and enter into the mentioned below sheath 27.
• Such a structure would be able to be held by a return, a rope and be actuated by other ropes.
• a one-sided train in the sense of a steering kite thus leads to a start on one side and a drop on the other and thus to a rotation.
• the link can also be used to adjust the trailing edge.
• the tension elements can Run in an advantageous embodiment obliquely over the wing, so that they additionally cause a Vertwistung the wing with a change in length. Due to the new design, the control cables are close to each other and could, to minimize resistance, be partially guided together in profile-shaped tendon sheaths 27 and fanned out at the lower end for control function again. This would also lead to a better control, since the changed flow of the ropes, which is dependent on the different voltage is thus reduced
• Such a device can be used, for example, as an anchor, shaving board, surf kite or kite.
• a further advantageous embodiment of a drive device 30 according to the invention for a bending blade 40 is shown.
• the bending element 1 is designed substantially in the form of a pyramid-shaped wedge with a square, here square base.
• the bending element 1 has four bending sections 4a to 4d which are spaced apart on the drive side and whose distance from one another is reduced in the direction away from the drive (not shown in FIG. 26).
• the bending sections 4a to 4d represent the edges of the pyramidal wedge, which extends from the pyramid base on the drive side to the pyramid tip 8 in the region of the end facing away from the drive of the bending element 1, the pyramid tip 8.
• the drive-side ends of the bending sections 4a to 4d can be subjected to pressure or tensile loading by a drive 15 (not shown in FIG. 26).
• the advantage of this embodiment is that two bending sections each form a bending element 1, as shown in FIG. D. h., By corresponding relative movement of the drive-side bending sections, for example, the bending sections 4a and 4c, the bending element 1 in the plane, which is spanned by the longitudinal axes of the bending sections 4a and 4c, are curved.
• the bending element 1 of the embodiment shown in FIG Bending element 1 can be curved in principle in all the bending planes, which by the longitudinal axes of two of the bending sections 4a to 4d are defined, in which the corresponding bending sections are displaced on the drive side relative to each other.
• the tip 8 of the bending element 1 can be reciprocated in multiple directions and revolve in mixing movements or describe a total of a concave curved surface.
• the control of the drive-side sections of the bending sections 4a to 4d is preferably carried out so that the respective diagonally opposite sections 4a and 4c or 4b and 4d are controlled as V-carrier or actuators coupled. In this way one achieves the greatest possible base distance of the side of the drive spaced apart bending sections, whereby the greatest possible force can be applied, since the wedge tip 8 of the respective V-carrier forms the largest possible angle.
• the base area of the pyramid defined by the drive-side portions of the bending portions 4a to 4d need not be square, but may take any quadrangular shape. It is possible in principle to use any number of bending sections and to connect to a pyramid-shaped wedge.
• FIG. 26 two diagonally opposite bending sections, for example sections 4a and 4c or sections 4b and 4d, are designed as purely tensile bending sections, for example tension cables. The possible bending of the bending beam 1 are not affected.
• Fig. 27 shows a further embodiment of the bending element 1, which corresponds to the basic principle of the embodiment of FIG. 26. Notwithstanding FIG. 26, however, the bending element 1 of FIG. 27 has three bending sections 4a to 4c spaced apart on the drive side, which are designed as pressure rods. Even with this configuration of three bending portions 4a to 4c forming a substantially tetrahedral wedge, it is possible to move the tip 8 of the bending member 1 like the tip 8 of the bending member 1 of the embodiment of FIG.
• the bending element 1 of FIG. 27 differs from the bending element of FIG. 26 in that the bending sections are essentially helical from the drive-side end of the bending element to the end of the bending element facing away from the drive extend.
• this helical configuration it is possible that combined bending and torsional movements can be achieved.
• Another embodiment is to arrange any number of drive devices in any spatial orientation to each other.
• Several drive devices may be arranged for example in a plane about a common center axis, whereby z. B. a bell-shaped movement is possible.
• a plurality of drive device may be radially arranged in space around a common center. This could imitate the shape of a sea urchin.
• the drive device or the wing can be rigidly attached to a base element, for. B. held a hull.
• a base element for. B. held a hull.
• the pyramidal wedge may be formed by any number of bending portions.
• connecting element which is tensile and pressure resistant, carrier element, spar, bending element, bending rod, push rod
• Biegescherigel which has a carrier element extending from the wing base to the wing tip flexible beam, which is tilt-mounted and non-rotatably mounted on its base and acting otherwise as a bending element, and by means of an obliquely engaging on the outer region of the Biegeelmentes connecting member, the the other end is connected to an actuator, can be curved transversely to the wing surface, so that a sash in the form of a bending vibration is realized with a continuous contour.
• Bending blade according to item 4 which is connected to another bending blade, wherein a spar of one wing is formed with the counterpart of the opposite wing as a continuous flexible spar and the two other spars of the opposite sides by a common adjusting symmetrical o - Which can be moved by means of separate adjusting possibly also asymmetrically in their longitudinal direction.
• Wing stroke a wave-shaped course of the wing contour / S-blow / can be achieved, also acts as an elastic winglet in lift generation and contributes to the reduction of the edge vortex resistance.
• Connecting element can be provided.
• Bending blade according to one or more of the preceding points wherein the wing body is constructed in skeleton construction with profile ribs, which are aligned in the flow direction. 10. Bending blade according to one or more of the preceding points, which has a controllable actuator for damping, amplification or actively causing a twisting of the wings.
• Bending blade according to item 10 in which the actuator for active twisting of the wings engages via tension elements on the wing, which extend spirally in or around the carrier element at least in one section.
• Twisted longitudinal axis of the support element and the spanned by the profile elements surface is correspondingly wound.
• Bending blades according to any one of items 1 to 14, are provided in the profile elements with a flexible trailing edge.
• Bending blade according to one of the items 1 to 16 which has at least one controllable actuator element for changing the shape of profile elements.
• a loop-shaped tension band is attached, which is connected at both ends or as a circumferential loop with a motor element for longitudinal displacement of the spar and in the base region of the support element to the Fuselage contour is guided - preferably in a slideway, via a wheel or a multi-membered roller bearing - so that the pull of the loop-shaped tension band in one or the other direction of the attachment point of the spar is moved tangentially along the outer contour of the support structure.
• At least one support member is held with a drawstring on the fuselage, which is connected at both ends or as a revolving drawstring with a motor element for longitudinal displacement and in the base region of the support element a the hull segment tangent on both sides adjoining loop which runs around the hull and - there preferably in a slideway, is guided over a wheel or a roller bearing - wherein the two spars of the support element are secured to opposite sides of the loop, so that the train of the band in one or other direction, the two spars are moved in opposite directions tangentially along the outer contour of the support structure.
• the bending blade according to one or more of the preceding points which has three wings, one of which is formed as a rear tail segment, and a suitable number of actuators, which are preferably arranged in the hull.
• Bending blade according to one or more of the preceding points wherein at least the wings and the tail segment are enclosed by an elastically stretchable outer skin.

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• Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
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• Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
• Ocean & Marine Engineering (AREA)
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• 2008
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  • 2008-04-18 EP EP08735380A patent/EP2137061B1/fr active Active
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