EP2133303A1 - Brake positioning system for lifting jacks - Google Patents

Abstract

The jack has a carrier system (T) i.e. H-rail, with a carriage (4) that is movable in one of two opposite directions (X1, X2) on a guide rail (12). A lifting system is coupled to the guide rail. A tightrope (2) is suspended with a load suspension device by the lifting system in an oscillating manner. A lifting cylinder (6), a lever (8) and a roller (10) are coupled with the carriage to lock the carriage by self-locking in the directions against the guide rail after releasing by the tightrope. A switch (1) is coupled with the tightrope, cylinder, lever and the roller.

Description

The invention relates to a hoist, comprising a carrier system with a movable in at least a first or second direction chassis on a guide device to which a lifting system is coupled, from the pendulum hangs down a traction means with load receiving device.

In the publication DE 199 83 240 T1 is a overhead traveling crane system with which a trolley of a crane by means of an electric motor can be maneuvered exactly in the X or Y direction over a target point shown.

The like is possible with the article according to the US Pat. No. 7,043,337 B2 , If a manually guided weight or a load, which are movable by means of a bridge crane in the X- or Y-direction, while hanging on a traction means, are drawn obliquely, then this is detected by a sensor and the suspension point of the weight / the cable drum automatically move vertically over the weight.

• Wird die Last nicht mehr bewegt, stoppt die Bewegungseinrichtung bzw. der Motor das entsprechende Teil des Hebezeuges und eine Bewegung in die eingeschlagene Richtung.
• Aus der Druckschrift EP 1 167 273 A1 und der DE-PS 692 857 sind Bremsen bekannt, mit denen ein Laufkran oder Brückenkran bei Bedarf an der Schiene mechanisch angeklemmt wird. Die Bremse kann der Bediener des Kranes gesondert aktiv auslösen.

In the US 6 612 449 B1 discloses a hoist Balancer type, which is mounted on a pillar or on a crane rail rotatably or laterally movable. A variety of servomotors are coupled to a number of sensors that sense in which direction the operator manually carries a load. The Hubmotore or motion motors then control the load-carrying means including load in the horizontal or vertical direction determined by the sensors.
The two last mentioned objects have in common:

• If the load is no longer moving, the movement device or the motor stops the corresponding part of the hoist and a movement in the direction taken.
• From the publication EP 1 167 273 A1 and the DE-PS 692 857 brakes are known with which an overhead crane or overhead crane is mechanically clamped when needed on the rail. The brake can be triggered separately by the operator of the crane separately.

With the patents DD 218 071 A1 and DD 218 879 A1 Schrägzugsicherungen were revealed for ropes of hoists. It is clamped to the vertical ropes, a signal generator and the deviation or the diagonal pull of the rope relative to the vertical is detected at an angle of 1:20 or steeper by an inductive initiator and stopped the safety-improper diagonal train.

From the pamphlets EP 0 591 304 B1 and EP 1 460 025 B1 Two types of balancers are disclosed, which are very smooth in accordance with the requirements of the company givers and respond to the slightest load differences caused by an operator moving the load. As soon as the load receives an impulse, it seems to move weightlessly and only come to a standstill due to a counterpulse or friction loss in the suspension system.

Also, the suspension system for the balancer, such as a bridge crane or a pivot column or an overhead crane rail system often respond because of low rolling friction also very smoothly; this can disrupt the desired workflow. The inertia of the load and the load-bearing device causes a moving load to overshoot the target position. This disadvantage is the greater, the faster a change in position of the load or the hoist follows each other.

Therefore, the invention is based on the problem to provide a hoist that stops a load as possible automatically at a desired position after an initiated movement.

The problem is solved by the features of claim 1. Further developments of the invention are covered in the dependent claims.

The solution consists in a hoist comprising a carrier system with a movable in at least a first and a second direction chassis on a guide device to which a lifting system is coupled, from the pendulum hangs down a traction means with load-receiving device, wherein the suspension a braking device is coupled , suitable, after release by the traction means to block the chassis by self-locking in a direction opposite to the guide device.

Instead of a braking device for one direction and braking devices for both directions or when it comes to crossbar distributors can be provided for all possible directions.

The easiest way is to realize such a braking device when the suspension is combined with ball-bearing rollers that have a freewheel. The freewheel rollers are then set by a switch in function, that is concretely blocked against the guide as soon as a corresponding signal comes from the traction means. Instead of a freewheel, of course, a brake wedge or a drag shoe can be used or a magnetic brake can be electrically connected.

In a further development of the invention, a switch is provided, which is coupled to the traction means and the braking device, wherein the switch a detect predeterminable angular deviation of the traction device from the vertical or its desired position at standstill and can trigger the braking device.
This switch is preferably located in the vicinity of the lifting system near a guide for the traction means and is preferably mechanically connected to the guide. However, in principle, any switches can be used, including inductive or optical switching devices.

With the invention, carrier systems can be selected from the group comprising horizontal crane rails, overhead cranes with or without a trolley, jib cranes with boom, for example those on columns or hall walls and crossbars or crossbar distributors and similar systems find application.

The traction means are selected from a group comprising ropes, chains, pendulum rods, pendulum cylinders, lifting belts, ie all traction devices that can pendulum pendulum hanging from a lifting system. A load-receiving device for receiving the load, for example a workpiece or a component or generally a piece goods, is suitably arranged on the traction means.
In general, in such systems that when transporting a load that has been taken, for example, by a balancer, this should usually be brought to a different location with a horizontal movement. For this purpose, one usually uses a lifting drive to remove the load from the ground or from a holder and then to move it via roller carriages via a carrier system to the desired position for further processing. As soon as the operator sets the load to be moved in motion, that is, impulses or pulls or pushes the load, the traction means, for example a cable, will be skewed due to the inertia of the chassis and / or lifting system. When stopping the load at the target position to be approached, the traction means due to the inertia of the still beyond the actual nominal position in Moving chassis and lifting system against the direction of movement obliquely; it again creates a "backward" directed misalignment of the traction device. The experienced operator will therefore stop the load a few centimeters before the position to be reached.
In the invention, this pendulum motion should be exploited. By interrogating the deflection of the traction means, a self-locking braking device is switched when covering a predeterminable oblique position of the traction means, either for braking the inertial masses in one direction or turning on a freewheel in the other direction.

Fig. 1

ein erstes Ausführungsbeispiel des Hebezeugs mit einer Bremseinrichtung für eine Richtung;

Fig.2

ein zweites Ausführungsbeispiel des Hebezeugs mit einer Bremseinrichtung für zwei Richtungen;

Fig.3

ein drittes Ausführungsbeispiel des Hebezeugs mit einer Bremseinrichtung für je zwei Richtungen translatorisch und rotatorisch;

Fig.4

Draufsicht auf das Hebezeug gemäß Schnitt B-B in Fig. 3;

Fig. 5

Seitenansicht auf das Hebezeug gemäß Schnitt A-A in Fig. 3.

With reference to two embodiments and the accompanying drawings, the invention will be explained in more detail. Show it:

Fig. 1

a first embodiment of the hoist with a braking device for one direction;

Fig.2

a second embodiment of the hoist with a braking device for two directions;

Figure 3

a third embodiment of the hoist with a braking device for two directions translational and rotational;

Figure 4

Top view of the hoist according to section BB in Fig. 3 ;

Fig. 5

Side view of the hoist according to section AA in Fig. 3 ,

In the following, identical or functionally identical components are provided with identical reference numerals.

FIG. 1 shows a hoist with an H-rail as a support system T, the lower flange 12 is suitable as a guide for a chassis 4. The chassis 4 are moved in the directions X1 or X2. On the chassis 4 hangs a lifting drive 3, from which a traction means, here a rope 2 hangs down. At the end of the traction means 2 is connected to a not shown Load receiving means a load L1 has been added, which is to be moved from the position shown to the position P1.
The operator, not shown, shifts the suspended load L1, which is practically weightless by a corresponding balancing system, in the direction X1 to reach the positioning point P1. He will pull the rope 2 by a few degrees in the direction of G1 from the vertical angle before the mass consisting of the lifting drive 3 and the chassis 4 is moving along the guide rail 12. After acceleration and at a constant speed of movement increases the inclination of the rope 2 again and the load is then almost in a vertical position under the linear actuator 3. If, after the linear movement, the load 1 stopped at the positioning point P1, then the linear actuator 3 rolls with the chassis 4 due to the inertia on the Positioning point P1 addition to the holding force of the operator to the load L1, the cable 2 is again tilted by several degrees in the direction G2. Then the landing gear 4 stops.
Due to the diagonal pull of the rope 2 in the direction G2, however, the landing gear 4 wants to roll back with the lifting drive 3 in the direction X2 in front of the positioning point P1, if the operator has not exactly balanced this overshoot by a variety of exercise. Initially, however, the operator will find that he can observe multiple oscillations beyond the point P1 and back again until the pendulum energy or momentum is dissipated by the mass inertia of the chassis 4 and linear actuator 3 by corresponding friction of the chassis 4 or other components. The braking forces bring so the operator. Of course, this swinging behavior is detrimental to the operator's job because he loses time here. If necessary, he must also perform the positioning several times until he has reached the correct positioning point P1. The more vigorously the operator initiates the displacement of the load in the direction X1 to the positioning point P1, the greater the pendulum motion around the Positioning point P1 and the greater the amount of braking force and the expected Auspendelzeit the system.
Here, the invention helps by a corresponding device. As soon as the operator stops the load 1 above the positioning point P1 and the inertia of the hoist 3 and chassis 4 has pulled the cable 2 by a few degrees in the direction G2 obliquely, a switch 1 connected to the guide 18 of the cable 2 switches a contact 5. This Contact 5 is in operative connection with the lifting cylinder 6, the plunger of which act on the lever 8 and presses the roller 10 against the running rail 12. The roller 10 is equipped with a freewheel hub, wherein the blocking side of the freewheel blocks the rotation of the roller 10 in the direction X1 and thus generates a brake friction between the roller 10 and the slide rail 12 as soon as these two have adhesive contact. In the direction of X2, the roller 10 has its freewheel and so can run there in the reverse direction. Once the contact between the roller 10 and the track rail 12 is reached, stops the chassis 4, which is coupled to the roller 10. Therefore, upon reaching a Schiefzuges in the direction G2 with the direction of movement of the chassis 4 in the direction X1 stopped directly above the point P1. At the moment of stopping the landing gear 4, the slight misalignment is canceled again and the switch 1 with contact 5 is no longer contacted. As a result, the roller 10, which was previously pressed on the roller lever 8 to the running rail 12 is pivoted free again. As a result, the hoist in both directions X1 and X2 is unbraked and again movable. In the direction of X2, the roller 10 has a freewheel and when accelerating in the direction X2 with Schiefzugrichtung G2 again run in the reverse direction to the starting point for the next operation.

In Fig. 2 is one too Fig. 1 almost identical hoist shown, but with a double designed braking device for the directions X1 and X2. Should a positioning point lie in the direction X2, a misalignment G1 arises at the positioning point, with which the switch 1 contact 13 is contacted. Then the chassis 4 together with lifting drive 3 with a cylinder 7, which acts on lever 9 and which in turn then presses against the running rail 12 in the freewheeling roller 11, be equipped to generate braking for the opposite direction X2. The roller 11 has a freewheel in the direction X1, vice versa to the roller 10th

The FIGS. 3, 4 . 5 show a swing boom in front view. On the column 20, a pivot axis 21 is rotatably supported by means of a spacer 22. On the pivot axis 21, in turn, a running rail 12 is coupled, which has the same function as in the example of FIG. 1 has been shown, but here from hollow profile with inside landing gear 4, to see only in Fig. 5 , The lifting drive 3 belongs to a Doppelseilbalancer with the two traction cables 102 for the load L1. It is therefore also possible to move the load L1 again in the directions X1 or X2 along this carrier system T. In addition, it is possible to pivot about the pivot pin 21, the load L1. To have a braking device available here is according to front view in the FIG. 3 and top view in FIG. 4 with the section BB shown in FIG. 3 , another roller brake system 19 - in operative connection with the guide 112 - has been set up to also allow braking maneuvers when pivoting the load L1 about the pivot 21 in the same way, as with the FIG. 1 was presented. In this case, however, a somewhat different switch 100 is used, which is connected to the guide 118 of the cable 102. The switch 100 has with the additional switching contacts 105 and 113 also for the rotational directions X1, X2 ( Figure 5 above) each switching points that initiate or cancel a braking maneuver in the respective rotational direction X1 or X2.

This situation is in FIG. 5 with an analog picture too FIG. 2 , but shown with additional braking device 19. There are to simplify the detection of the action function, the switching points on the switch 100 also with 105 for braking on the chain of action of the components 7,8,10und 113 for braking on the chain of action of the components 6, 9, 11 refers to this as FIG. 1 or too Fig. 2 has been described. The pivoting directions are according to the sectional view in Fig. 5 with cut AA off FIG. 3 are shown as rotational degrees of freedom X1 and X2, so that it becomes clear that the braking device 19 in the pivoting directions in the same way as the brake device, the in FIG. 1 or Fig. 2 has been described.

Claims (9)

Hoist, comprising a carrier system with a movable in at least a first and a second direction chassis on a guide device to which a lifting system is coupled, from the pendulum hangs a traction means with load-receiving device, characterized in that the chassis (4) comprises a braking device (6 , 8, 10, 7, 9, 11, 19), suitable, after release by the traction means (2, 102), the chassis (4) by self-locking in a direction (X1, X2) relative to the guide means (12, 112 ) to block. Hoist according to claim 1, characterized in that the hoist is equipped with braking devices (6, 8, 10, 7, 9, 11, 19) for all directions (X1, X2). Hoist according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the braking device (6, 8, 10, 7, 9, 11, 19) comprises a ball-bearing freewheeling roller (10, 11). Hoist according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the braking device comprises a brake wedge or a drag shoe. Hoist according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the braking device comprises a magnetic brake. Lifting device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that a switch (1, 100) is coupled to the traction means (2, 102) and the braking device (6, 8, 10, 7, 9, 11, 19), the switch (1, 100) a predeterminable angular deviation (G1, G2) of the traction means (2, 102) from the vertical and the braking device (6, 8, 10, 7, 9, 11, 19) can trigger. Hoist according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the switch (1, 100) close to the lifting system (3) and a guide (18, 118) for the traction means (2, 102) is arranged. Hoist according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the carrier system (T) is selected from a group comprising horizontal crane rails, overhead cranes, jib cranes with boom, crossbars. Hoist according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the traction means (2, 102) is selected from a group comprising ropes, chains, pendulum rods, pendulum cylinders, lifting belts.

Images