EP2126346A2 - Wind turbine with a collapsible mast and method for implementing same - Google Patents

Wind turbine with a collapsible mast and method for implementing same

Info

Publication number
EP2126346A2
EP2126346A2 EP08762056A EP08762056A EP2126346A2 EP 2126346 A2 EP2126346 A2 EP 2126346A2 EP 08762056 A EP08762056 A EP 08762056A EP 08762056 A EP08762056 A EP 08762056A EP 2126346 A2 EP2126346 A2 EP 2126346A2
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
mast
support
lifting
folded
wind turbine
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP08762056A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Inventor
Richard Lavaur
Michel De Vivo
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Individual
Original Assignee
Individual
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Individual filed Critical Individual
Publication of EP2126346A2 publication Critical patent/EP2126346A2/en
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04H—BUILDINGS OR LIKE STRUCTURES FOR PARTICULAR PURPOSES; SWIMMING OR SPLASH BATHS OR POOLS; MASTS; FENCING; TENTS OR CANOPIES, IN GENERAL
    • E04H12/00—Towers; Masts or poles; Chimney stacks; Water-towers; Methods of erecting such structures
    • E04H12/34—Arrangements for erecting or lowering towers, masts, poles, chimney stacks, or the like
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04H—BUILDINGS OR LIKE STRUCTURES FOR PARTICULAR PURPOSES; SWIMMING OR SPLASH BATHS OR POOLS; MASTS; FENCING; TENTS OR CANOPIES, IN GENERAL
    • E04H12/00—Towers; Masts or poles; Chimney stacks; Water-towers; Methods of erecting such structures
    • E04H12/18—Towers; Masts or poles; Chimney stacks; Water-towers; Methods of erecting such structures movable or with movable sections, e.g. rotatable or telescopic
    • E04H12/187—Towers; Masts or poles; Chimney stacks; Water-towers; Methods of erecting such structures movable or with movable sections, e.g. rotatable or telescopic with hinged sections
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03D—WIND MOTORS
    • F03D13/00—Assembly, mounting or commissioning of wind motors; Arrangements specially adapted for transporting wind motor components
    • F03D13/10—Assembly of wind motors; Arrangements for erecting wind motors
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05B—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO WIND, SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS, TO MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS COVERED BY SUBCLASSES F03B, F03D AND F03G
    • F05B2240/00—Components
    • F05B2240/90—Mounting on supporting structures or systems
    • F05B2240/91—Mounting on supporting structures or systems on a stationary structure
    • F05B2240/915—Mounting on supporting structures or systems on a stationary structure which is vertically adjustable
    • F05B2240/9152—Mounting on supporting structures or systems on a stationary structure which is vertically adjustable by being hinged
    • F05B2240/91521—Mounting on supporting structures or systems on a stationary structure which is vertically adjustable by being hinged at ground level
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/70—Wind energy
    • Y02E10/72—Wind turbines with rotation axis in wind direction
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/70—Wind energy
    • Y02E10/728—Onshore wind turbines

Definitions

  • Wind turbine with a folding mast and method of using such a wind turbine Wind turbine with a folding mast and method of using such a wind turbine.
  • the present invention relates to wind turbines with a folding mast and methods of using such machines.
  • the invention relates to a wind turbine comprising: a support mast extending between a lower end connected to the ground by a hinge and an upper end, said support mast being pivotally mounted about its articulation between a substantially vertical raised position and a substantially horizontal folded position, a rotatably mounted rotor at the upper end of the support mast, said rotor carrying a helix, at least a first ground-hinged mast, a mechanical link between said first mast and the mast support means, - at least one hoisting rope connecting said first hoisting mast to a fixed point linked to the ground, said hoisting rope having a certain free length between said fixed point and the first hoisting mast, and a first maneuvering device adapted to vary said free length of the lifting cable so as to selectively fold down and raise the mast upport between the raised position and the folded position.
  • Document FR-A-2 823 784 describes a wind turbine of this type, comprising a single lifting mat mounted at right angles to the support mast.
  • This wind turbine has the particular disadvantage that the lifting mast is in a substantially vertical position when the support mast is folded, thus creating a visual and sound pollution.
  • a wind turbine of the type in question is characterized in that the first lift mast is mounted to pivot freely relative to the ground independently of the support mast and is adapted to fall substantially horizontally when said support mat is itself folded down, said mechanical connection being deformable (it can be a flexible connection, one or more rods or telescopic beams, etc.), and in that said wind turbine further comprises folding means adapted to move the support mast from the raised position to the folded position.
  • the first lifting mast is adapted to be folded down substantially along the support mast when said support mast is itself folded; the first lift mast is adapted to fall back substantially 180 degrees from the support mast when said support mast is itself folded down; said mechanical connection between the first lift mast and the support mast is a flexible link (cable, chain, etc., comprising one or more strands);
  • the wind turbine comprises at least a second lifting mast hinged to the ground and said mechanical link comprises a first deformable link between the first lifting mast and the second lifting mast, and a second deformable link between the second lifting mast and the mast of support (one or more additional washing masts, also articulated on the ground, can be provided between the first and second lifting masts, in which case the first deformable link comprises several parts connecting this or these intermediate lifting rods (s) together and the first and second lifting masts); the machine also
  • each lifting mast when in the retracted position, is folded substantially horizontally in the same position as when the support mast is in the folded position;
  • the rotor is rotatably mounted on a nacelle about a substantially horizontal axis of rotation, said nacelle being pivotally mounted about a substantially vertical axis at the upper end of the support mast, said mechanical link being connected to a point of rotation; fixed attachment of the support mast and disposed at the height of the propeller, and the pivoting of the nacelle being limited so that the propeller does not interfere with said mechanical connection;
  • the folding means comprise at least one jack adapted to angularly move the support mast from its raised position to an inclined intermediate position where said support mast tends to fall under its own weight by pivoting about its articulation (this or these cylinder (s) can thus control the angular displacements of the support mast in the vicinity of its raised position, in the direction of folding and / or in the direction of the raising) (these provisions could if necessary be used independently of any other provision described in this patent application); the folding means comprise a traction cable controlled by a winch, to pull the support mast, to its folded position (these provisions could if necessary be used independently of any other provision described in this patent application); the wind turbine comprises at least one support device on which the propeller bears when the support mast is in the folded position.
  • the subject of the invention is also a method of using a wind turbine as defined above, in which process the support mast is folded down after a period of use when said support mast is in raised position.
  • one or more of the following provisions may also be used: the or each lifting mast is folded substantially horizontally when said support mast is in the folded and retracted position when said support mast is in the raised position where each lifting mast is folded substantially along the support mast when said support mast is itself folded down; the or each lift mast is folded substantially 180 degrees from the support mast when said support mast is folded down; the or each lifting mast is retracted along the support mast when said support mast is in the raised position; when the support mast is in the raised position, the or each lifting mast is retracted substantially horizontally and is then in the same position as when the support mast is in the folded position.
  • FIG. 4 is an elevational view of the wind turbine of FIG. 1, being folded, and
  • FIG. 5 is an elevational view of the wind turbine of FIG. 1, with its support mast and its lifting masts folded.
  • the invention relates to a wind turbine comprising: a support mast 1 extending between a lower end connected to the self and an upper end, a nacelle 2 pivotally mounted to the upper end of the support pole 1 around a vertical axis Z1, the nacelle 2 containing in particular an alternator, a rotor 3 rotatably mounted about a substantially horizontal axis R and carried by the nacelle 2, the rotor 3 carrying a helix 4 has several pale adapted to operate the alternator contained in the nacelle 2.
  • the support mast 1 can extend over a height of about 100 m and weigh about fifty tons, while the assembly consisting of the nacelle 2, the rotor and the propeller 4 can also weigh about fifty tons.
  • the diameter of the support mast 1, at its base, can be of the order of 3 to 4 m.
  • the lower end of the support mast 1 is connected by a hinge 5 to a base 6 attached to the self, so that the support mast 1 can pivot about a horizontal axis Y1, in a perpendicular pivot plane X, Z this axis Yl.
  • the support mast 1 is thus movable between the substantially vertical raised position, visible in Figure 1, and a substantially horizontal folded position, visible in Figure 5.
  • the folding of the support mast 1 is made possible by the presence of at least one first lifting mast 7, clearly visible in Figure 1, whose lower end is hinged to the ground about a horizontal axis of parallel rotation Y2 to the axis Yl, and whose upper end is connected to: an attachment point 8 secured to the support mast 1 by a deformable mechanical connection 9, and at a fixing point 10 connected to the ground by at least one cable lifting 11.
  • the first hoist mast 7 may for example be in the form of a braced goat, comprising two main uprights which are separated at the lower end of the hoist mast and which meet at the upper end of the hoist mast.
  • the height of the first lifting pole 7 may be a few tens of meters, for example between 25 and 60 m.
  • the fixed point 10 may comprise, for example, a pulley 12 connected to the self, the upper end of the first lifting mast 7 itself comprising a similar pulley 13 and the lifting cable 11 then preferably comprising several strands wound around the pulleys 12, 13.
  • the hoisting rope 11 is extended by a strand 14 wound on a winch 15 which constitutes a first operating device adapted to vary the free length of the cable 11 between said fixed point 10 and the hoist mast 7 , so as to selectively fold down and raise the support mast 1.
  • the wind turbine further comprises a second lifting mast 16 similar to the first lifting mast 7, which is interposed between the first lifting mast 7 and the support mast 1.
  • the lower end of the second lifting mast 16 is hinged to the ground so as to be pivotable about a horizontal axis Y3 parallel to the aforementioned axes Y1, Y2, while the upper end of the second lifting mast 16 and secured to the deformable mechanical connection 9 mentioned above.
  • Said deformable mechanical link 9 here comprises a first deformable mechanical link 17 which connects the upper ends of the first and second lifting masts 7, 16 and a second deformable mechanical link 18 which connects the upper end of the second lifting mast 16 to the point of fixing 8 above mentioned on the support mast 1.
  • the first and second deformable mechanical links 17, 18 are constituted by flexible cables or bundles of cables, but said mechanical connections could also be constituted by chains, beams or telescopic rods, or others.
  • additional lifting arms could possibly be interposed between the first and second lifting arm, the lower ends of these additional lifting arms then being hinged to the ground about pivot axes parallel to the axes Y2, Y3 and the upper ends of these additional lifting arms being secured with different points of length of the first deformable mechanical link 17.
  • the pivot axes Y2, Y3 are arranged behind the support mat 1 relative to the direction of folding of said support mast and these axes are separated from one another.
  • the axes Y2, Y3 could, if appropriate, be confused or even coincide with the axis Y1.
  • one and / or the other of the axes Y2, Y3 could, if appropriate, be placed in front of the support mast 1 in the direction of folding of said support mast, the lifting mast (s) being then designed to able to pivot freely on either side of the support mast 1 with their upper end located behind the support mast 1 in the direction of folding of said support mast.
  • the wind turbine also comprises at least one second maneuvering device, in this case two operating devices Vl, V2 consisting of two jacks adapted to push the lifting masts 7, 16, forward to beyond their vertical position, so that said lifting masts 7, 16 can retract by coming to rest along the support mast 1 when said support mast is in position raised and that the wind turbine is in use, as shown in Figure 3.
  • two operating devices Vl, V2 consisting of two jacks adapted to push the lifting masts 7, 16, forward to beyond their vertical position, so that said lifting masts 7, 16 can retract by coming to rest along the support mast 1 when said support mast is in position raised and that the wind turbine is in use, as shown in Figure 3.
  • the support mast 1 further comprises an internal jack V3 which is mounted for example on the base 6 and which is adapted to push under a bearing surface 19 secured to the lower end of the support pole 1 (FIG. 3). to move angularly The support mast between its raised position and an inclined intermediate position where said support mast tends to fall under its own weight by pivoting about its articulation 5.
  • an internal jack V3 which is mounted for example on the base 6 and which is adapted to push under a bearing surface 19 secured to the lower end of the support pole 1 (FIG. 3). to move angularly The support mast between its raised position and an inclined intermediate position where said support mast tends to fall under its own weight by pivoting about its articulation 5.
  • the wind turbine further comprises a traction cable 20, one end of which is connected to an attachment point 21 integral with the support mast 1 and the other end of which is wound on a winch 22.
  • the traction cable 20, when it is tensioned by the winch 22, also makes it possible to cause the folding of the support mast 1, including when the wind turbine is subjected to a strong wind opposing the folding of the support mast 1.
  • the traction cable 20 may possibly be retracted when the wind turbine is in operation.
  • the traction cable 20 can be fixed to the support mast 20 in a removable manner, and be hooked and unhooked by means of a pole adapted to bring the upper end of the traction cable to its attachment point. on the support mast.
  • the above-mentioned attachment point 21 is disposed below the lower level of the propeller 4.
  • the above-mentioned attachment point 8, on the other hand, may, if necessary, be situated above the lower level of the propeller 4, in which case the pivoting of the nacelle 2 is limited so that the propeller 4 does not interfere with the mechanical links 17, 18, and the lifting masts 7, 16.
  • control station 23 located near the wind turbine or remote.
  • the control station 23 may comprise, for example, a microcomputer 24 or the like, provided with usual interfaces such as a screen 25, a keyboard 26 and the like, and controlling for example an automaton 27 (A) which it itself controls the motor Ml of the winch 15, the motor M2 of the winch 22 and the cylinders Vl, V2, V3.
  • automaton 27 A
  • the control station 23 can also receive information from different sensors (not shown) and also control the generation of electricity by the alternator included in the nacelle 2.
  • the device that has just been described operates as follows.
  • the cables 17, 18 may optionally be left free, as shown in Figure 3, but said cables 17, 18, could if necessary be then wound on auxiliary winches
  • the lifting masts I 1 16 are all first reset in the position shown in Figure 1, by retracting the cylinders Vl, V2 and operating the winch 15 so as to tension the hoisting rope 11.
  • the internal jack V3 of the support mat 1 is actuated so as to start to pivot the support mast 1 forwards, at the same time as the winch 15 progressively unrolls the lifting cable. 11.
  • the winch 22 can also be actuated so as to tension the traction cable 20.
  • the support mast 1 is sufficiently inclined forwards, it tends to pivot around the articulation S under the effect of its own weight, and is retained solely by the lifting cable 11 and the deformable mechanical connection 9 .
  • the winch 15 progressively pulls the hoisting rope 11 until the support mast 1 arrives in the folded position, substantially horizontally, as shown in FIG. 5.
  • the propeller 4 previously oriented by means of the nacelle 2 so as to be in a plane containing a Y axis perpendicular to the aforementioned X, Z plane, may end up in support of a shape 24 dug in the ground, and the Support mast 1 may for example rest on a cradle 25 provided for this purpose.
  • the form 24 may be constituted by one or more solid concrete (s) buried (s) or not, and / or comprise support rollers for the blades of the propeller.
  • the shape 24 could simply consist of support pads for the blades and / or the hub of the propeller 4.
  • the lifting posts 7, 16 could, if necessary, be folded to the ground towards the rear (that is to say opposite the support mast 1) when the support mast is in the raised position.
  • the second mechanical link 18 could be designed to be easily removable and removable at the attachment point 8 on the support mast, and the cylinders Vl, V2 could be replaced by pivoting cylinders for controlling the folding of the lifting masts 7, 16 rearwardly to the horizontal (Such pivoting cylinders may also be used in all embodiments of the invention).

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Architecture (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Sustainable Development (AREA)
  • Sustainable Energy (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Wind Motors (AREA)

Abstract

A wind turbine including a supporting mast (1) pivotably connected to the ground and supporting a rotor (4), a hoisting mast (7, 16), a deformable mechanical coupling (9) between the hoisting mast and the supporting mast, a hoisting cable (11) connecting the hoisting mast to the ground, and a control device (15) for varying the length of the cable and thereby selectively lowering and raising the supporting mast. The hoisting mast is freely pivotably mounted relative to the ground separately from the supporting mast and can be folded down into a horizontal position when the supporting mast is folded down.

Description

Eolienne dotée d' un mât rabattable et procédé d' utilisation d'une telle éolienne. Wind turbine with a folding mast and method of using such a wind turbine.
La présente invention est relative aux éoliennes dotées d'un mât rabattable et aux procédés d'utilisation de telles éoiiennes.The present invention relates to wind turbines with a folding mast and methods of using such machines.
Plus particulièrement, l'invention concerne une éolienne comprenant : un mât de support s' étendant entre une extrémité inférieure reliée au sol par une articulation et une extrémité supérieure, ledit mât de support étant monté pivotant autour de son articulation entre une position relevée sensiblement verticale et une position rabattue sensiblement horizontale, un rotor monté rotatif à l'extrémité supérieure du mât de support, ledit rotor portant une hélice, au moins un premier mât de levage articulé au sol, une liaison mécanique entre ledit premier mât de levage et le mât de support, - au moins un câble de levage reliant ledit premier mât de levage à un point fixe lié au sol, ledit câble de levage présentant une certaine longueur libre entre ledit point fixe et le premier mât de levage, et un premier dispositif de manœuvre adapté pour faire varier ladite longueur libre du câble de levage de façon à sélectivement rabattre et relever le mât de support entre la position relevée et la position rabattue.More particularly, the invention relates to a wind turbine comprising: a support mast extending between a lower end connected to the ground by a hinge and an upper end, said support mast being pivotally mounted about its articulation between a substantially vertical raised position and a substantially horizontal folded position, a rotatably mounted rotor at the upper end of the support mast, said rotor carrying a helix, at least a first ground-hinged mast, a mechanical link between said first mast and the mast support means, - at least one hoisting rope connecting said first hoisting mast to a fixed point linked to the ground, said hoisting rope having a certain free length between said fixed point and the first hoisting mast, and a first maneuvering device adapted to vary said free length of the lifting cable so as to selectively fold down and raise the mast upport between the raised position and the folded position.
Le document FR-A-2 823 784 décrit une éolienne de ce type, comprenant un seul mat de levage monté en équerre sur le mât de support. Cette éolienne présente notamment l'inconvénient que le mât de levage est en position sensiblement verticale lorsque le mât de support est rabatcu, en créant ainsi une pollution visuelle et sonore.Document FR-A-2 823 784 describes a wind turbine of this type, comprising a single lifting mat mounted at right angles to the support mast. This wind turbine has the particular disadvantage that the lifting mast is in a substantially vertical position when the support mast is folded, thus creating a visual and sound pollution.
La présente invention a notamment peur but de pallier cet inconvénient. A cet effet, selon l'invention, une éolienne du genre en question est caractérisée en ce que le premier mât de levage est monté librement pivotant par rapport au sol indépendamment du mât de support et est adapté pour se rabattre sensiblement à l'horizontale lorsque ledit mat de support est lui-même rabattu, ladite liaison mécanique étant déformable (il peut s'agir d'une liaison souple, d'une ou plusieurs tiges ou poutres télescopiques, etc.), et en ce que ladite éolienne comporte en outre des moyens de rabattement adaptés pour déplacer le mât de support de la position relevée vers la position rabattue.The present invention is particularly afraid to overcome this disadvantage. For this purpose, according to the invention, a wind turbine of the type in question is characterized in that the first lift mast is mounted to pivot freely relative to the ground independently of the support mast and is adapted to fall substantially horizontally when said support mat is itself folded down, said mechanical connection being deformable (it can be a flexible connection, one or more rods or telescopic beams, etc.), and in that said wind turbine further comprises folding means adapted to move the support mast from the raised position to the folded position.
Grâce à ces dispositions, ledit premier mât de levage ne crée pas de pollution visuelle ou sonore lorsque le mât de support est rabattu. Dans divers modes de réalisation de l' éolienne selon l'invention, on peut éventuellement avoir recours en outre à l'une et/ou à l'autre des dispositions suivantes : le premier mât de levage est adapté pour se rabattre sensiblement le long du mât de support lorsque ledit mât de support est lui-même rabattu ; le premier mât de levage est adapté pour se rabattre sensiblement à 180 degrés du mât de support lorsque ledit mât de support est lui-même rabattu ; ladite liaison mécanique entre le premier mât de levage et le mât de support est une liaison souple (câble, chaîne, etc., comprenant un ou plusieurs brins) ; l' éolienne comporte au moins un deuxième mât de levage articulé au sol et ladite liaison mécanique comporte une première liaison déformable entre le premier mât de levage et le deuxième mât de levage, et une deuxième liaison déformable entre le deuxième mât de levage et le mât de support (un ou plusieurs mâts de lavage supplémentaires, également articulés au sol, peuvent être prévus entre les premier et deuxième mâts de levage, auquel cas la première liaison déformable comprend plusieurs parties reliant ce ou ces mâts de levage intermédiaire (s ) entre eux ainsi qu'aux premier et deuxième mâts de levage) ; l'éoiienne comporte en outre au moins un deuxième dispositif de manœuvre adapté pour déplacer au moins le ou chaque mât de levage dans une position escamotée lorsque le mât de support est en position relevée (ces dispositions pourraient le cas échéant être utilisées indépendamment de toute autre disposition décrite dans la présente demande de brevet) ; le ou chaque mât de levage, lorsqu' il est en position escamotée, est relevé sensiblement le long du mât de support ;Thanks to these provisions, said first lift mast does not create visual or sound pollution when the support mast is folded down. In various embodiments of the wind turbine according to the invention, one or more of the following provisions may also be used: the first lifting mast is adapted to be folded down substantially along the support mast when said support mast is itself folded; the first lift mast is adapted to fall back substantially 180 degrees from the support mast when said support mast is itself folded down; said mechanical connection between the first lift mast and the support mast is a flexible link (cable, chain, etc., comprising one or more strands); the wind turbine comprises at least a second lifting mast hinged to the ground and said mechanical link comprises a first deformable link between the first lifting mast and the second lifting mast, and a second deformable link between the second lifting mast and the mast of support (one or more additional washing masts, also articulated on the ground, can be provided between the first and second lifting masts, in which case the first deformable link comprises several parts connecting this or these intermediate lifting rods (s) together and the first and second lifting masts); the machine also comprises at least a second operating device adapted to move at least the or each lifting mast in a retracted position when the support mast is in the raised position (these provisions could if necessary be used independently of any other provision described in this patent application); the or each lifting mast, when in the retracted position, is raised substantially along the support mast;
- le ou chaque mât de levage, lorsqu'il est en position escamotée, est rabattu sensiblement à l'horizontale dans la même position que lorsque le mât de support est en position rabattue ;- The or each lifting mast, when in the retracted position, is folded substantially horizontally in the same position as when the support mast is in the folded position;
- le rotor est monté rotatif sur une nacelle autour d'un axe de rotation sensiblement horizontal, ladite nacelle étant montée pivotante autour d'un axe sensiblement vertical à l'extrémité supérieure du mât de support, ladite liaison mécanique étant reliée à un point de fixation solidaire du mât de support et disposé à hauteur de l'hélice, et le pivotement de la nacelle étant limité pour que l'hélice n'interfère pas avec ladite liaison mécanique ;the rotor is rotatably mounted on a nacelle about a substantially horizontal axis of rotation, said nacelle being pivotally mounted about a substantially vertical axis at the upper end of the support mast, said mechanical link being connected to a point of rotation; fixed attachment of the support mast and disposed at the height of the propeller, and the pivoting of the nacelle being limited so that the propeller does not interfere with said mechanical connection;
- les moyens de rabattement comportent au moins un vérin adapté pour déplacer angulairement le mât de support de sa position relevée vers une position intermédiaire inclinée cù ledit mât de support tend à tomber sous son propre poids en pivotant autour de son articulation (ce ou ces vérin (s) peuvent ainsi contrôler les déplacements angulaires du mât de support au voisinage de sa position relevée, dans le sens du rabattement et/ou dans le sens du relevage) (ces dispositions pourraient le cas échéant être utilisées indépendamment de toute autre disposition décrite dans la présente demande de brevet) ; les moyens de rabattement comportent un câble de traction commandé par un treuil, pour tirer le mât de support, vers sa position rabattue (ces dispositions pourraient le cas échéant être utilisées indépendamment de toute autre disposition décrite dans la présente demande de brevet) ; l'éolienne comporte au moins un dispositif d'appui sur lequel l'hélice prend appui lorsque le mât de support est en position rabattue.- The folding means comprise at least one jack adapted to angularly move the support mast from its raised position to an inclined intermediate position where said support mast tends to fall under its own weight by pivoting about its articulation (this or these cylinder (s) can thus control the angular displacements of the support mast in the vicinity of its raised position, in the direction of folding and / or in the direction of the raising) (these provisions could if necessary be used independently of any other provision described in this patent application); the folding means comprise a traction cable controlled by a winch, to pull the support mast, to its folded position (these provisions could if necessary be used independently of any other provision described in this patent application); the wind turbine comprises at least one support device on which the propeller bears when the support mast is in the folded position.
Par ailleurs, l'invention a également pour objet un procédé d'utilisation d'une éolienne telle que définie ci- dessus, procédé dans lequel on rabat le mât de support en position rabattue après une période d'utilisation où ledit mât de support est en position relevée.Furthermore, the subject of the invention is also a method of using a wind turbine as defined above, in which process the support mast is folded down after a period of use when said support mast is in raised position.
Dans des modes de réalisation du procédé selon l'invention, on peut éventuellement avoir recours en outre à l'une et/ou à l'autre des dispositions suivantes : - le ou chaque mât de levage est rabattu sensiblement à l'horizontale lorsque ledit mât de support est en position rabattue et escamoté lorsque ledit mât de support est en position relevée le ou chaque mât de levage est rabattu sensiblement le long du mât de support lorsque ledit mât de support est lui-même rabattu ; le ou chaque mât de levage est rabattu sensiblement à 180 degrés du mât de support lorsque ledit mât de support est lui-même rabattu ; - le ou chaque mât de levage est escamoté le long du mât de support lorsque ledit mât de support est en position relevée ; lorsque le mât de support est en position relevée, le ou chaque mât de levage est escamoté sensiblement à l'horizontale et se trouve alors dans la même position que lorsque le mât de support est en position rabattue .In embodiments of the method according to the invention, one or more of the following provisions may also be used: the or each lifting mast is folded substantially horizontally when said support mast is in the folded and retracted position when said support mast is in the raised position where each lifting mast is folded substantially along the support mast when said support mast is itself folded down; the or each lift mast is folded substantially 180 degrees from the support mast when said support mast is folded down; the or each lifting mast is retracted along the support mast when said support mast is in the raised position; when the support mast is in the raised position, the or each lifting mast is retracted substantially horizontally and is then in the same position as when the support mast is in the folded position.
D'autres caractéristiques et avantages de l'invention apparaîtront au cours de la description suivante d'un de ses modes de réalisation, donne à titre d'exemple non limitatif, en regard des dessins joints. Sur les dessins : la figure 1 est une vue très schématique d'une éolienne selon une forme de réalisation de l'invention, avec son mât de support en position relevée et deux mâts de levage en position d'utilisation, la figure 2 est un schéma bloc montrant une partie du dispositif de commande de l' éolienne de la figure 1, - la figure 3 est une vue en élévation de l' éolienne de la figure 1, avec son mât de support en position relevée et ses mâts de levage en position escamotée, la figure 4 est une vue en élévation de 1' éolienne de la figure 1, en cours de rabattement, et la figure 5 est une vue en élévation de l' éolienne de la figure 1, avec son mât de support et ses mâts de levage rabattus.Other features and advantages of the invention will become apparent from the following description of one of its embodiments, given by way of non-limiting example, with reference to the accompanying drawings. In the drawings: FIG. 1 is a very schematic view of a wind turbine according to one embodiment of the invention, with its support mast in the raised position and two lifting masts in the position of use, FIG. block diagram showing part of the control device of the wind turbine of FIG. 1; - FIG. 3 is an elevational view of the wind turbine of FIG. 1, with its support mast in the raised position and its lifting masts in FIG. FIG. 4 is an elevational view of the wind turbine of FIG. 1, being folded, and FIG. 5 is an elevational view of the wind turbine of FIG. 1, with its support mast and its lifting masts folded.
Sur les différentes figures, les mêmes références désignent des éléments identiques ou similaires.In the different figures, the same references designate identical or similar elements.
Comme représenté sur la figure 1, l'invention concerne une éolienne comprenant : un mât de support 1 s 'étendant entre une extrémité inférieure reliée au soi et une extrémité supérieure, une nacelle 2 montée pivotante à l'extrémité supérieure du mât de support 1 autour d'un axe vertical Zl, la nacelle 2 contenant notamment un alternateur, un rotor 3 monté rotatif autour d'un axe R sensiblement horizontal et porté par la nacelle 2, le rotor 3 portant une hélice 4 a plusieurs pâles adapté pour faire fonctionner l'alternateur contenu dans la nacelle 2.As shown in Figure 1, the invention relates to a wind turbine comprising: a support mast 1 extending between a lower end connected to the self and an upper end, a nacelle 2 pivotally mounted to the upper end of the support pole 1 around a vertical axis Z1, the nacelle 2 containing in particular an alternator, a rotor 3 rotatably mounted about a substantially horizontal axis R and carried by the nacelle 2, the rotor 3 carrying a helix 4 has several pale adapted to operate the alternator contained in the nacelle 2.
A titre d'exemple non limitatif, le mât de support 1 peut s'étendre sur une hauteur d'environ 100 m et peser une cinquantaine de tonnes, tandis que l'ensemble constitué par la nacelle 2, le rotor et l'hélice 4 peut également peser une cinquantaine de tonnes. Le diamètre du mât de support 1, à sa base, peut être de l'orαre de 3 à 4 m.By way of non-limiting example, the support mast 1 can extend over a height of about 100 m and weigh about fifty tons, while the assembly consisting of the nacelle 2, the rotor and the propeller 4 can also weigh about fifty tons. The diameter of the support mast 1, at its base, can be of the order of 3 to 4 m.
L'extrémité inférieure du mât de support 1 est reliée par une articulation 5 à une base 6 fixée au soi, de façon que le mât de support 1 puisse pivoter autour d'un axe horizontal Yl, dans un plan de pivotement X, Z perpendiculaire audit axe Yl. Le mât de support 1 est ainsi déplaçable entre la position relevée sensiblement verticale, visible sur la figure 1, et une position rabattue sensiblement horizontale, visible sur la figure 5.The lower end of the support mast 1 is connected by a hinge 5 to a base 6 attached to the self, so that the support mast 1 can pivot about a horizontal axis Y1, in a perpendicular pivot plane X, Z this axis Yl. The support mast 1 is thus movable between the substantially vertical raised position, visible in Figure 1, and a substantially horizontal folded position, visible in Figure 5.
Le rabattement du mât de support 1 est rendu possible par la présence d'au moins un premier mât de levage 7, bien visible sur la figure 1, dont l'extrémité inférieure est articulée au sol autour d'un axe de rotation horizontal Y2 parallèle à l'axe Yl, et dont l'extrémité supérieure est reliée : à un point de fixation 8 solidaire du mât de support 1 par une liaison mécanique déformable 9, - et à un point de fixation 10 lié au sol par au moins un câble de levage 11.The folding of the support mast 1 is made possible by the presence of at least one first lifting mast 7, clearly visible in Figure 1, whose lower end is hinged to the ground about a horizontal axis of parallel rotation Y2 to the axis Yl, and whose upper end is connected to: an attachment point 8 secured to the support mast 1 by a deformable mechanical connection 9, and at a fixing point 10 connected to the ground by at least one cable lifting 11.
Le premier mât de levage 7 peut par exemple présenter la forme d'une chèvre entretoisée, comprenant deux montants principaux qui sont séparés à l'extrémité inférieure du mât de levage et qui se rejoignent à l'extrémité supérieure du mât de levage. A titre d'exemple non limitatif, la hauteur du premier nât de levage 7 peut être de quelques dizaines de mètres, par exemple comprise entre 25 et 60 m. Le point fixe 10 peut comprendre par exemple une poulie 12 liée au soi, l'extrémité supérieure du premier mât de levage 7 comportant elle-même une poulie similaire 13 et le câble de levage 11 comportant alors de préférence plusieurs brins enroulés autour des poulies 12, 13. Au niveau de la poulie 12 appartenant au point fixe 10, le câble de levage 11 se prolonge par un brin 14 enroulé sur un treuil 15 qui constitue un premier dispositif de manœuvre adapté pour faire varier la longueur libre du câble 11 entre ledit point fixe 10 et le mât de levage 7, de façon à sélectivement rabattre et relever le mât de support 1.The first hoist mast 7 may for example be in the form of a braced goat, comprising two main uprights which are separated at the lower end of the hoist mast and which meet at the upper end of the hoist mast. By way of non-limiting example, the height of the first lifting pole 7 may be a few tens of meters, for example between 25 and 60 m. The fixed point 10 may comprise, for example, a pulley 12 connected to the self, the upper end of the first lifting mast 7 itself comprising a similar pulley 13 and the lifting cable 11 then preferably comprising several strands wound around the pulleys 12, 13. At the pulley 12 belonging to the fixed point 10, the hoisting rope 11 is extended by a strand 14 wound on a winch 15 which constitutes a first operating device adapted to vary the free length of the cable 11 between said fixed point 10 and the hoist mast 7 , so as to selectively fold down and raise the support mast 1.
Dans l'exemple représenté sur la figure 1, l'éolienne comporte en outre un deuxième mât de levage 16 similaire au premier mât de levage 7, qui est interposé entre le premier mât de levage 7 et le mât de support 1.In the example shown in Figure 1, the wind turbine further comprises a second lifting mast 16 similar to the first lifting mast 7, which is interposed between the first lifting mast 7 and the support mast 1.
L'extrémité inférieure du deuxième mât de levage 16 est articulée au sol de façon à pouvoir pivoter autour d'un axe horizontal Y3 parallèle aux axes Yl, Y2, susmentionnés, tandis que l'extrémité supérieure du deuxième mât de levage 16 et solidaire de la liaison mécanique déformable 9 susmentionnée .The lower end of the second lifting mast 16 is hinged to the ground so as to be pivotable about a horizontal axis Y3 parallel to the aforementioned axes Y1, Y2, while the upper end of the second lifting mast 16 and secured to the deformable mechanical connection 9 mentioned above.
Ladite liaison mécanique déformable 9 comporte ici une première liaison mécanique déformable 17 qui relie les extrémités supérieures des premier et deuxième mâts de levage 7, 16 et une deuxième liaison mécanique déformable 18 qui relie l'extrémité supérieure du deuxième mât de levage 16 au point de fixation 8 susmentionné sur le mât de support 1. Dans l'exemple représenté sur les dessins, les première et deuxième liaisons mécaniques déformables 17, 18 sont constituées par des câbles souples ou des faisceaux de câbles, mais lesdites liaisons mécaniques pourraient également être constituées par des chaînes, des poutres ou tiges télescopiques, ou autres.Said deformable mechanical link 9 here comprises a first deformable mechanical link 17 which connects the upper ends of the first and second lifting masts 7, 16 and a second deformable mechanical link 18 which connects the upper end of the second lifting mast 16 to the point of fixing 8 above mentioned on the support mast 1. In the example shown in the drawings, the first and second deformable mechanical links 17, 18 are constituted by flexible cables or bundles of cables, but said mechanical connections could also be constituted by chains, beams or telescopic rods, or others.
On notera que des bras de levage supplémentaires pourraient éventuellement être interposés entre les premier et deuxième bras de levage, les extrémités inférieures de ces bras de levage supplémentaire étant alors articulées au sol autour d'axes de pivotement parallèles aux axes Y2, Y3 et les extrémités supérieures de ces bras de levage supplémentaires étant solidarisées avec différents points de long de la première liaison mécanique déformable 17.It should be noted that additional lifting arms could possibly be interposed between the first and second lifting arm, the lower ends of these additional lifting arms then being hinged to the ground about pivot axes parallel to the axes Y2, Y3 and the upper ends of these additional lifting arms being secured with different points of length of the first deformable mechanical link 17.
Dans l'exemple représenté sur les dessins, les axes de pivotement Y2, Y3 sont disposés derrière le mat de support 1 par rapport à la direction de rabattement dudit mât de support et ces axes sont séparés l'un de l'autre. On notera toutefois que les axes Y2, Y3 pourraient, le cas échéant, être confondus, voire confondus avec l'axe Yl. De plus, l'un et/ou l'autre des axes Y2, Y3, pourraient le cas échéant être disposés devant le mât de support 1 dans la direction de rabattement dudit mât de support, le ou les mâts de levage étant alors conçus pour pouvoir pivoter librement de part et d'autre du mât du support 1 avec leur extrémité supérieure située derrière le mât de support 1 dans la direction de rabattement dudit mât de support. Dans l'exemple représenté sur la figure 1, l'éolienne comporte par ailleurs, au moins un deuxième dispositif de manœuvre, en l'occurrence ici deux dispositifs de manœuvre Vl, V2 constitués par deux vérins adaptés pour repousser les mâts de levage 7, 16, vers l'avant jusqu'au-delà de leur position verticale, de façon que lesdits mâts de levage 7, 16 puissent s'escamoter en venant s'appuyer le long du mât de support 1 lorsque ledit mât de support est en position relevée et que l'éolienne est en cours d'utilisation, comme représenté sur la figure 3.In the example shown in the drawings, the pivot axes Y2, Y3 are arranged behind the support mat 1 relative to the direction of folding of said support mast and these axes are separated from one another. However, it will be noted that the axes Y2, Y3 could, if appropriate, be confused or even coincide with the axis Y1. In addition, one and / or the other of the axes Y2, Y3 could, if appropriate, be placed in front of the support mast 1 in the direction of folding of said support mast, the lifting mast (s) being then designed to able to pivot freely on either side of the support mast 1 with their upper end located behind the support mast 1 in the direction of folding of said support mast. In the example shown in FIG. 1, the wind turbine also comprises at least one second maneuvering device, in this case two operating devices Vl, V2 consisting of two jacks adapted to push the lifting masts 7, 16, forward to beyond their vertical position, so that said lifting masts 7, 16 can retract by coming to rest along the support mast 1 when said support mast is in position raised and that the wind turbine is in use, as shown in Figure 3.
Le mât de support 1 comporte un outre un vérin interne V3 qui est monté par exemple sur la base 6 et qui est adapté pour pousser sous une portée d'appui 19 solidaire de l'extrémité inférieure du mât de support 1 (figure 3), pour déplacer angulairement Le mât de support entre sa position relevée et une position intermédiaire inclinée où ledit mât de support tend à tomber sous son propre poids en pivotant autour de son articulation 5.The support mast 1 further comprises an internal jack V3 which is mounted for example on the base 6 and which is adapted to push under a bearing surface 19 secured to the lower end of the support pole 1 (FIG. 3). to move angularly The support mast between its raised position and an inclined intermediate position where said support mast tends to fall under its own weight by pivoting about its articulation 5.
Enfin, l'éolienne comporte en outre un cable de traction 20 dont une extrémité est reliée à un point de fixation 21 solidaire du mât de support 1 et dont l'autre extrémité est enroulée sur un treuil 22. Le câble de traction 20, lorsqu'il est mis en tension par le treuil 22, permet également de provoquer le rabattement du mât de support 1, y compris lorsque l'éolienne est soumise à un fort vent s 'opposant au rabattement du mât de support 1.Finally, the wind turbine further comprises a traction cable 20, one end of which is connected to an attachment point 21 integral with the support mast 1 and the other end of which is wound on a winch 22. The traction cable 20, when it is tensioned by the winch 22, also makes it possible to cause the folding of the support mast 1, including when the wind turbine is subjected to a strong wind opposing the folding of the support mast 1.
Le câble de traction 20 peut éventuellement être escamoté lorsque l'éolienne est en fonctionnement. Par exemple le câble de traction 20 peut être fixé au mât de support 20 de façon amovible, et y être accroché et décroché au moyen d'une perche adaptée pour amener l'extrémité supérieure du câble de traction au niveau de son point d'accrochage sur le mât de support.The traction cable 20 may possibly be retracted when the wind turbine is in operation. For example, the traction cable 20 can be fixed to the support mast 20 in a removable manner, and be hooked and unhooked by means of a pole adapted to bring the upper end of the traction cable to its attachment point. on the support mast.
Le point de fixation 21 susmentionné est disposé au dessous du niveau inférieur de l'hélice 4. Le point de fixation 8 susmentionné, en revanche, peut le cas échéant être situé au-dessus du niveau inférieur de l'hélice 4, auquel cas le pivotement de la nacelle 2 est limité pour que l'hélice 4 n'interfère pas avec les liaisons mécaniques 17, 18, et les mâts de levage 7, 16.The above-mentioned attachment point 21 is disposed below the lower level of the propeller 4. The above-mentioned attachment point 8, on the other hand, may, if necessary, be situated above the lower level of the propeller 4, in which case the pivoting of the nacelle 2 is limited so that the propeller 4 does not interfere with the mechanical links 17, 18, and the lifting masts 7, 16.
L'ensemble des dispositifs de manœuvre de l'éolienne peuvent être commandés par exemple à partir d'un poste de commande 23 situé à proximité de l'éolienne ou distant. Comme représenté sur la figure 2 le poste de commande 23 peut comporter par exemple un πicroordinateur 24 ou similaire, doté d'interfaces habituelles telles qu'un écran 25, un clavier 26 et autre, et commandant par exemple un automate 27 (A) qui lui-même commande le moteur Ml du treuil 15, le moteur M2 du treuil 22 et les vérins Vl, V2 , V3. Bien entendu, le poste de commande 23, peut également recevoir des informations de différents capteurs (non représentés) et commander également la production d'électricité par l'alternateur compris dans la nacelle 2.All the operating devices of the wind turbine can be controlled for example from a control station 23 located near the wind turbine or remote. As shown in FIG. 2, the control station 23 may comprise, for example, a microcomputer 24 or the like, provided with usual interfaces such as a screen 25, a keyboard 26 and the like, and controlling for example an automaton 27 (A) which it itself controls the motor Ml of the winch 15, the motor M2 of the winch 22 and the cylinders Vl, V2, V3. Of course, the control station 23, can also receive information from different sensors (not shown) and also control the generation of electricity by the alternator included in the nacelle 2.
Le dispositif qui vient d'être décrit fonctionne comme suit .The device that has just been described operates as follows.
Comme représenté sur la figure 3, lorsque l'éolienne est en cours d'utilisation normale, les mâts de levage 7, 16, sont poussés par les vérins Vl, V2, en même temps que le câble de levage 11 est progressivement relâché par le treuil 15, de façon que lesdits mâts de levage 7, 16, s'escamotent en s ' appuyant le long du mât de support 1, de façon que l'éolienne 2 génère le moins possible de pollution visuelle et sonore.As shown in FIG. 3, when the wind turbine is in normal use, the lifting posts 7, 16 are pushed by the jacks V1, V2, at the same time as the lifting cable 11 is gradually released by the winch 15, so that said lifting masts 7, 16, retract by pressing along the support mast 1, so that the wind turbine 2 generates the least possible visual and noise pollution.
Dans cette position, les câbles 17, 18 peuvent le cas échéant être laissés libres, comme représenté sur la figure 3, mais lesdits câbles 17, 18, pourraient le cas échéant être alors enroulés sur des treuils auxiliairesIn this position, the cables 17, 18 may optionally be left free, as shown in Figure 3, but said cables 17, 18, could if necessary be then wound on auxiliary winches
(non représentés) portés par exemple par les mâts de levage(not shown) worn for example by lifting masts
1 , 16, de façon à ne pas laisser de longueur libre sur les câbles 17, 18.1, 16, so as not to leave a free length on the cables 17, 18.
Lorsque l'exploitant de l'éolienne souhaite rabattre le mât de support 1 sensiblement à l'horizontal, par exemple pour effectuer des opérations de maintenance ou encore suite à des prévisions de vent très fort, les mâts de levage I1 16 sont tout d'abord remis dans la position représentée sur la figure 1, en rétractant les vérins Vl, V2 et en actionnant le treuil 15 de façon à tendre le câble de levage 11.When the operator of the wind turbine wishes to fold down the support mast 1 substantially horizontally, for example to carry out maintenance operations or following very strong wind forecasts, the lifting masts I 1 16 are all first reset in the position shown in Figure 1, by retracting the cylinders Vl, V2 and operating the winch 15 so as to tension the hoisting rope 11.
Puis, comme représenté sur la figure 4, on actionne le vérin interne V3 du mat de support 1 de façon à commencer à faire pivoter le mât de support 1 vers l'avant, en même temps que le treuil 15 déroule progressivement le câble de levage 11.Then, as shown in FIG. 4, the internal jack V3 of the support mat 1 is actuated so as to start to pivot the support mast 1 forwards, at the same time as the winch 15 progressively unrolls the lifting cable. 11.
Dans le même temps, le treuil 22 peut également être actionné de façon à tendre le câble de traction 20. Dès que le mât de support 1 est suffisamment incliné vers l'avant, il tend à pivoter autour de l'articulation S sous l'effet de son propre poids, et est retenu uniquement par le câble de levage 11 et la liaison mécanique déformabie 9.At the same time, the winch 22 can also be actuated so as to tension the traction cable 20. As soon as the support mast 1 is sufficiently inclined forwards, it tends to pivot around the articulation S under the effect of its own weight, and is retained solely by the lifting cable 11 and the deformable mechanical connection 9 .
Par la suite, le treuil 15 dérouie progressivement le câble de levage 11 jusqu'à ce que le mât de support 1 arrive en position rabattue, sensiblement à l'horizontal, comme représenté sur la figure 5. Dans cette position, l'hélice 4, préalablement orientée au moyen de la nacelle 2 de façon à se trouver dans un plan contenant un axe Y perpendiculaire au plan X, Z susmentionné, peut se retrouver en appui à l'intérieur d'une forme 24 creusée dans le sol, et le mât de support 1 peut par exemple reposer sur un berceau 25 prévu à cet effet.Subsequently, the winch 15 progressively pulls the hoisting rope 11 until the support mast 1 arrives in the folded position, substantially horizontally, as shown in FIG. 5. In this position, the propeller 4 , previously oriented by means of the nacelle 2 so as to be in a plane containing a Y axis perpendicular to the aforementioned X, Z plane, may end up in support of a shape 24 dug in the ground, and the Support mast 1 may for example rest on a cradle 25 provided for this purpose.
La forme 24 peut être constituée par un ou plusieurs massif (s) de béton enterré (s) ou non, et/ou comporter des rouleaux d'appui pour les pales de l'hélice. La forme 24 pourrait simplement consister en des plots d'appui pour les pales et/ou le moyeu de l'hélice 4.The form 24 may be constituted by one or more solid concrete (s) buried (s) or not, and / or comprise support rollers for the blades of the propeller. The shape 24 could simply consist of support pads for the blades and / or the hub of the propeller 4.
Lorsqu'on veut par la suite relever le mât de support 1, on suit un processus inverse à celui du rabattement, jusqu'à ce que le mât se retrouve en position verticale. Dans la fin de l'opération de relevage du mât, le vérin V3, ainsi que le câble de traction 20, permet d'éviter que le mât de support 1 ne termine sa course de relevage brutalement en provoquant un choc.When it is subsequently desired to raise the support mast 1, a reverse process is followed to that of the folding, until the mast is in a vertical position. In the end of the lifting operation of the mast, the jack V3, as well as the pulling cable 20, prevents the support mast 1 from ending its lifting stroke abruptly by causing an impact.
On notera que, le cas échéant, on pourrait supprimer soit le vérin V3, soit le câble de traction 20.It will be noted that, if necessary, either the jack V3 or the pulling cable 20 could be omitted.
Par ailleurs, les mâts de levage 7, 16 pourraient le cas échéant être rabattus au sol vers l'arrière (c'est- à-dire à l'opposé du mât de support 1) lorsque ledit mât de support est en position relevée. Dans ce cas, la deuxième liaison mécanique 18 pourrait être conçue pour être aisément décrochable et raccrochable au point de fixation 8 sur le mât de support, et les vérins Vl, V2 pourraient être remplacés par des vérins pivotants permettant de commander le rabattement des mâts de levage 7, 16 vers l'arrière jusqu'à l'horizontale (de tels vérins pivotants peuvent d'ailleurs être utilisés dans tous les modes de réalisation de 1 ' invention) . On the other hand, the lifting posts 7, 16 could, if necessary, be folded to the ground towards the rear (that is to say opposite the support mast 1) when the support mast is in the raised position. In this case, the second mechanical link 18 could be designed to be easily removable and removable at the attachment point 8 on the support mast, and the cylinders Vl, V2 could be replaced by pivoting cylinders for controlling the folding of the lifting masts 7, 16 rearwardly to the horizontal (Such pivoting cylinders may also be used in all embodiments of the invention).

Claims

REVENDICATIONS
1. Eolienne comprenant : un mât de support (1) s' étendant entre une extrémité inférieure reliée au sol par une articulation et une extrémité supérieure, ledit mât de support étant monté pivotant autour de son articulation entre une position relevée sensiblement verticale et une position rabattue sensiblement horizontale, - un rotor (3) monté rotatif à l'extrémité supérieure du mât de support (1), ledit rotor portant une hélice (4) , au moins un premier mât de levage (7) articulé au sol, - une liaison mécanique (9) entre ledit premier mât de levage (7) et le mât de support (1), au moins un câble de levage (11) reliant ledit premier mât de levage (7) à un point fixe (10) lié au soi, ledit câble de levage (11) présentant une certaine longueur libre entre ledit point fixe (10) et le premier mât de levage (7 ) , et un premier dispositif de manœuvre (15) adapté pour faire varier ladite longueur libre du câble de levage (11) de façon à sélectivement rabattre et relever le mât de support (1) entre la position relevée et la position rabattue, caractérisée en ce que le premier mât de levage (7) est monté librement pivotant par rapport au sol indépendamment du mât de support (1) et est adapté pour se rabattre sensiblement à l'horizontale lorsque ledit mât de support est lui-même rabattu, ladite liaison mécanique (9) étant déformable, et en ce que ladite eolienne comporte en outre des moyens de rabattement (20, 22 ; V3) adaptés pour déplacer le mât de support (1) de la position relevée vers la position rabattue .A wind turbine comprising: a support mast (1) extending between a lower end connected to the ground by a hinge and an upper end, said support mast being pivotally mounted about its hinge between a substantially vertical raised position and a position folded substantially horizontal, - a rotor (3) rotatably mounted at the upper end of the support mast (1), said rotor carrying a propeller (4), at least a first lifting mast (7) hinged to the ground, - a mechanical connection (9) between said first lifting mast (7) and the support mast (1), at least one lifting cable (11) connecting said first lifting mast (7) to a fixed point (10) connected to the itself, said lifting cable (11) having a certain free length between said fixed point (10) and the first lifting mast (7), and a first operating device (15) adapted to vary said free length of the cable of lifting (11) so as to selectively lifting and raising the support mast (1) between the raised position and the folded position, characterized in that the first lifting mast (7) is freely pivotable relative to the ground independently of the support mast (1) and is adapted to fall back substantially horizontally when said support mast is itself folded down, said mechanical connection (9) being deformable, and in that said wind turbine further comprises folding means (20, 22; V3) adapted to move the support mast (1) from the raised position to the position folded.
2. Eolienne selon la revendication 1, dans laquelle le premier mât de levage (7) est adapté pour se rabattre sensiblement le long du mat de support (1) lorsque ledit mât de support est lui-même rabattu.2. Wind turbine according to claim 1, wherein the first lifting mast (7) is adapted to be folded substantially along the support mat (1) when said support mast is itself folded.
3. Eolienne selon la revendication 1, dans laquelle le premier mât de levage (7) est adapté pour se rabattre sensiblement à 180 degrés du mât de support (1) lorsque ledit mât de support est lui-même rabattu. 3. Wind turbine according to claim 1, wherein the first lifting mast (7) is adapted to fall back substantially 180 degrees of the support mast (1) when said support mast is itself folded.
4. Eolienne selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, dans laquelle ladite liaison mécanique (9) entre le premier mât de levage (7) et le mât de support (1) est une liaison souple.Wind turbine according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein said mechanical connection (9) between the first lifting mast (7) and the support mast (1) is a flexible connection.
5. Eolienne selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, comportant au moins un deuxième mât de levage (16) articulé au sol et ladite liaison mécanique (9) comporte une première liaison déformable (17) entre le premier mât de levage (7) et le deuxième mât de levage (16), et une deuxième liaison déformable (18) entre le deuxième mât de levage (16) et le mât de support (1).5. Wind turbine according to any one of the preceding claims, comprising at least a second lifting mast (16) hinged to the ground and said mechanical connection (9) comprises a first deformable link (17) between the first lifting mast (7). and the second lift mast (16), and a second deformable link (18) between the second lift mast (16) and the support mast (1).
6. Eolienne selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, comportant en outre au moins un deuxième dispositif de manœuvre (Vl, V2) adapté pour déplacer au moins le ou chaque mât de levage (7, 16) dans une position escamotée lorsque le mât de support (1) est en position relevée.6. Wind turbine according to any one of the preceding claims, further comprising at least a second operating device (VI, V2) adapted to move at least the or each lifting mast (7, 16) in a retracted position when the mast support (1) is in the raised position.
7. Eolienne selon la revendication 6, dans laquelle le ou chaque mât de levage (7, 16), lorsqu'il est en position escamotée, est relevé sensiblement le long du mât de support ( 1) .7. Wind turbine according to claim 6, wherein the or each lifting mast (7, 16), when in the retracted position, is raised substantially along the support mast (1).
8. Eolienne selon la revendication 6 et la revendication 3, dans laquelle le ou chaque mât de levage (7, 16), lorsqu'il est en position escamotée, est rabattu sensiblement à l'horizontale dans la même position que lorsque le mât de support (1) est en position rabattue. 8. A wind turbine according to claim 6 and claim 3, wherein the or each lifting mast (7, 16), when in the retracted position, is folded substantially horizontally in the same position as when the mast of support (1) is in the folded position.
9. Eolienne selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, dans laquelle le rotor (3) est monté rotatif sur une nacelle (2) autour d'un axe de rotation (R) sensiblement horizontal, ladite nacelle (2) étant montée pivotante autour d'un axe sensiblement vertical (Zl) à l'extrémité supérieure du mât de support (1), ladite liaison mécanique (9) étant reliée à un point de fixation (8) solidaire du mât de support (1) et disposé à hauteur de l'hélice (4), et le pivotement de la nacelle (2) étant limité pour que l'hélice (4) n'interfère pas avec ladite liaison mécanique (9).9. Wind turbine according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the rotor (3) is rotatably mounted on a nacelle (2) about a substantially horizontal axis of rotation (R), said nacelle (2) being pivotally mounted around a substantially vertical axis (Z1) at the upper end of the support mast (1), said mechanical link (9) being connected to an attachment point (8) integral with the support mast (1) and disposed at a height of the propeller (4), and the pivoting of the nacelle (2) being limited so that the propeller (4) does not interfere with said mechanical connection (9).
10. Eolienne selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, dans laquelle les moyens de rabattement comportent au moins un vérin (V3) adapté pour déplacer angulairement le mât de support (1) de sa position relevée vers une position intermédiaire inclinée où ledit mât de support (1) tend à tomber sous son propre poids en pivotant autour de son articulation (5) .10. Wind turbine according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the folding means comprise at least one jack (V3) adapted to angularly move the support mast (1) from its raised position to an inclined intermediate position where said mast support (1) tends to fall under its own weight by pivoting about its articulation (5).
11. Eolienne selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, dans laquelle les moyens de rabattement comportent au moins un câble de traction (20) commandé par un treuil (22), pour tirer le mât de support (1) vers sa position rabattue.11. Wind turbine according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the folding means comprise at least one traction cable (20) controlled by a winch (22) for pulling the support mast (1) to its folded position.
12. Eolienne selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, comportant au moins un dispositif d'appui (24) sur lequel l'hélice (4) prend appui lorsque le mât de support est en position rabattue.12. Wind turbine according to any one of the preceding claims, comprising at least one support device (24) on which the propeller (4) bears when the support mast is in the folded position.
13. Procédé d'utilisation d'une eolienne selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, dans lequel on rabat le mât de support (1) en position rabattae après une période d'utilisation où ledit mât de support est en position relevée.13. A method of using a wind turbine according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein folds the support mast (1) in the folded position after a period of use wherein said support mast is in the raised position.
14. Procédé selon la revendication 13, dans lequel le ou chaque mât de levage (7, 16) est rabattu sensiblement à l'horizontale lorsque le mât de support (1; est en position rabattue et escamoté lorsque ledit mât de support est en position relevée.The method of claim 13, wherein the or each lift mast (7, 16) is folded substantially horizontally when the support mast (1; folded and retracted position when said support mast is in the raised position.
15. Procédé selon la revendication 14, dans lequel le ou chaque mât de levage (7, 16) est rabattu sensiblement le long du mât de support (1) lorsque ledit mât de support: est lui-même rabattu.15. The method of claim 14, wherein the or each lifting mast (7, 16) is folded substantially along the support mast (1) when said support mast is itself folded.
16. Procédé selon la revendication 14, dans lequel le ou chaque mât de levage (7, 16} est rabattu sensiblement à 180 degrés du mât de support (1) lorsque ledit mât de support est lui-même rabattu.16. The method of claim 14, wherein the or each lifting mast (7, 16) is folded substantially 180 degrees from the support mast (1) when said support mast is itself folded.
17. Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications 13 à 16, dans lequel le ou chaque mât de levage (7, 16) est escamoté le long du mât de support (1) lorsque ledit mât de support est en position relevée. A method according to any one of claims 13 to 16, wherein the or each lift mast (7, 16) is retracted along the support mast (1) when said support mast is in the raised position.
18. Procédé selon la revendication 17, dans lequel, lorsque le mât de support (1) est en position relevée, le ou chaque mât de levage (7, 16} est escamoté sensiblement à l'horizontale et se trouve alors dans la même position que lorsque le mât de support (1} est en position rabattue. 18. The method of claim 17, wherein, when the support mast (1) is in the raised position, the or each lifting mast (7, 16) is retracted substantially horizontally and is then in the same position. only when the support mast (1) is in the folded position.
EP08762056A 2007-02-12 2008-02-11 Wind turbine with a collapsible mast and method for implementing same Withdrawn EP2126346A2 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR0700974A FR2912450B1 (en) 2007-02-12 2007-02-12 WIND TURBINE WITH FOLDING MAT AND METHOD OF USING SUCH A WINDMILL.
PCT/FR2008/050203 WO2008099129A2 (en) 2007-02-12 2008-02-11 Wind turbine with a collapsible mast and method for implementing same

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EP2126346A2 true EP2126346A2 (en) 2009-12-02

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WO2008099129A2 (en) 2008-08-21
WO2008099129A3 (en) 2008-12-11
FR2912450A1 (en) 2008-08-15
FR2912450B1 (en) 2011-09-16

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