EP2121219B1 - Method for casting a material, casting mold for casting a material and use of a casting mold for casting a casting part - Google Patents

Description

The invention relates to a method for casting a material by introducing it into a flowable state by heating and introduction into a mold according to the gravity principle, on a mold for casting a material and on the use of a casting mold for casting a casting a molten metal.

As a casting method, in particular as gravity casting, four casting methods have proven successful, namely the bottom casting, the side casting, the head casting and the tilting casting, which have mutually certain advantages, but all together have certain disadvantages.

Thus, for example, the bottom casting results in the most laminar mold filling, however, during the solidification process, the coldest material is in the mentioned feeder or riser, ie the storage space from which material is to be fed during solidification, so that here the make-up is ensured by larger feeder dimensions must become.

While the side casting is relatively hot material in the feeder, however, results in a more turbulent mold filling than the bottom casting.

While head casting is the hottest material in the riser or feeder, so that although a good make-up with the lowest feed volume, but the quality of the castings depending on the filling level deteriorated by turbulence.

In the case of tilted casting, which also contains the hottest material in the feeder, unintended turbulences and flow lines are created on the casting surface. The flow direction of the liquid material is determined by the contour of the casting determines and thus leads to overheating areas in the mold and thus also in the casting.

DE 43 04 622 A1 discloses a method for filling a casting mold in progressive casting, wherein a gate of the casting mold is connected via a pipe connection with a spout opening of a holding furnace holding molten liquid, wherein the mold cavity of the mold is held in the container below the melt level during the entire filling and the feeders of Mold during filling below the mold cavity and are brought to a higher position after filling. The method should be less expensive in terms of filling the mold and allow improved quality casting compared to gravity processes. In addition, the reveals DE 43 04 622 A1 a container having a spout closure having a housing attachable to an outlet opening of the container for carrying out the method.

DE 20 2004 020 881 U1 discloses a low-pressure casting process in which a molten metal is forced by a pump directly from the furnace via a riser from below into the mold cavity.

WO 2004/039516 A discloses a lost mold casting process. Here, a molten metal is forced through a riser by means of low pressure in the casting model.

DE 21 64 755 A1 discloses a casting process with solidification steering and a device for carrying out the process. To fill the mold occurs in the establishment of the melt in vortex-free and controllable in the flow rate on the rotational speed of the reservoir inflow from the reservoir via the pipe connections in the mold cavity and fills it by uniform level increase. The filling of the mold is carried out by a continuous tilting of the same. After completion of the mold filling can then first use a predominantly falling in relation to the gravity vector solidification, which progresses to the mouth of acting as a feeder pipe connection. From this first solidification position, the castings enter theirs Forms in continuous transition in a predominantly horizontal main solidification direction and finally in a predominantly vertically rising, in which the solidification in the molds is completed until the approach of the pipe joint.

The object of the present invention was to avoid the disadvantages of the previously known casting and to provide methods for casting a material with optimal laminar vortex free mold filling and optimal Nachspeisung by the hottest metal from a storage room and thus smaller storage or feeder volume enable. In addition, overheating of contour-related accumulations of material should be avoided and cycle, material, energy, transport and cutting performance should be saved. Furthermore, the production of large-scale and complicated castings should be simplified and thus cheapened. A further task aspect consisted in the creation of appropriate casting molds for the rational and high-quality production of castings as well as in the use of a casting mold for casting a casting from a molten metal.

This object is achieved by a method having the features of claim 1, by a mold having the features of claim 13 and by the use of a mold for casting a casting from molten metal according to the features of claim 15. Further developments and advantageous embodiments of the invention will become apparent from the respective dependent claims.

According to the invention, first of all, the method for casting a material by introducing it into a flowable state by heating and placing it in a casting mold according to the principle of gravity is characterized in that the introduction of the material into the cavity of the casting mold from below follows the principle of bottom casting takes place, the material - in the flow direction of the same - is first introduced into a pouring pond of a casting run, then through the casting run, then through a lying in front of the cavity and disposed below the same storage space and from there into the cavity, and then after the Insert the material into the mold together with it Eingusstümpel, casting run and pantry is pivoted so that the pantry takes over the function of the feeder or riser and the solidification of the material takes place according to the principle of Kopfgusses. In other words, it is first brought the material by heating in a flowable state and introduced into a mold or in the mold cavity or cavity according to the principle of the bottom casting and the solidification is carried out according to the principle of Kopfgusses / Kippgusses.

The introduction of the material into the cavity of the mold from below by a casting run on the type of bottom casting by the melt first from above into an at least partially higher than the cavity lying Eingußümpel, from there through a downwardly leading inlet, then about a curvature - the inlet - upwards into a storage space located below the cavity and is introduced through the outlet into the cavity and the solidification then takes place with the pantry upwards in the manner of Kopfgusses by before the solidification of the material, the mold is pivoted , so that then the pantry the feeder or. Steigerfunktion takes over.

In order to prevent the melt from flowing out of the pouring basin during pivoting and after that, it can be advantageous if a slide lying in the casting run in front of the cavity - in the flow direction of the melt - is activated in good time before or during the pivoting of the mold.

Instead of a slide, however, a closure can also be provided on the pouring pond, which is activated before pivoting.

It is expedient here if the pivoting of the mold takes place about an axis which runs at least approximately parallel to the parting plane or to the parting plane of the mold.

It can also be advantageous if the cavity and the run and thus also the parting line (s) or parting line (s) - level (s) are provided or arranged at an angle to each other. Either the casting run or the cavity can run obliquely, but it is also possible for both the cavity and the casting run in be arranged at an oblique angle to the horizontal, wherein cavity and run to each other can include an obtuse angle. However, it is also possible for the cavity and / or the casting run to occupy a shallow angle to the horizontal.

It may be particularly advantageous if cavity and run are provided at such an angle to each other and are pivoted together at such an angle and in such a direction that upon reaching a position of the storage space in which this the function of the riser or feeder can take over, the casting run has not reached the horizontal, it is particularly advantageous if the pivoting of the mold takes place in one direction, such that the casting run leads, so that in the solidification position of the run at least slightly upwards and a Leakage of the melt from the pantry, which then, as already mentioned, acts as a riser or feeder is not possible.

The invention also relates to a corresponding mold for casting a material by bringing it into a flowable state by heating and introduction into the mold by gravity, comprising a pouring run with pouring basins, a storage space adjoining the run and an adjoining with an inlet provided cavity, wherein the Eingusstümpel is provided above the cavity, the casting run side of the cavity, wherein for introducing the material into the cavity of the mold from below according to the principle of the bottom casting of the reservoir below the inlet of the cavity and the inlet above the Storage space is arranged and wherein the mold together with Eingusstümpel, casting run, pantry, inlet and cavity is pivotable, so that the reservoir is effective as above the cavity arranged feeder for solidification of the material according to the principle of Kopfgusses.

A development of the invention relates to a mold or mold, which has a reservoir below the cavity into which the pouring leads, wherein the opening into the reservoir region of the casting a section - the inlet - has, which is lower than the reservoir ,

The mold may further be characterized in that the cavity and the run are not provided parallel to each other, but at an angle to each other. In this case, the mold or mold may be formed such that both, ie cavity and run, are inclined, wherein they can form an obtuse angle to each other. The angle can be chosen such that upon pivoting of the mold into the position in which the storage space comes to lie over the cavity - the solidification position - and the storage space can act as a feeder or riser, the casting run in a the leakage of Melt from the storage space avoiding position by this at least slightly protrudes with respect to the horizontal, at least slightly upwards. Such a design of the casting mold is advantageous in that the cavity and the casting run are arranged relative to one another and the shape is pivoted in such a way that the casting run leads.

The pivotable mold, in which the mold halves surrounding both the casting run and the reservoir and the cavity are separated by corresponding parting lines, is expediently designed such that the pivoting takes place about an axis which extends at least approximately parallel to the plane of the parting plane ,

This mold is - with the reservoir down - filled according to the bottom casting principle with melt, the reservoir is located below the cavity and in the pivoted mold, the solidification of the melt - with the then acting as feeder or riser pantry upwards.

In order to prevent the leakage of melt during or after the pivoting, it may also be advantageous if the casting mold has a closure on the pouring basin or a slide is provided in the region of the casting run, wherein the closure or slide is actuated before or in time during pivoting.

1. a. Bereitstellen der Gießform
2. b. Ausrichten der Gießform in eine Füllstellung, in der in den Angusskanal gefüllte Metallschmelze in Folge der Wirkung der Schwerkraft durch den Angusskanal fließt, wobei die Hauptfließrichtung der Metallschmelze, also die Fließrichtung, in der die Metallschmelze unabhängig vom jeweiligen tatsächlichen Verlauf des Angusskanals fließen müsste, um auf direktem Wege von der Einfüllöffnung zur Einmündung des Angusskanals in das Speisersystem zu gelangen, mit der Wirkrichtung der Schwerkraft einen Winkel einschließt,
3. c. Befüllen der in der Füllstellung ausgerichteten Gießform mit der Metallschmelze, bis die Gießform einschließlich des Angusskanals vollständig mit Metallschmelze gefüllt ist,
4. d. Drehen der Gießform in eine Erstarrungsstellung, in der in Folge der Wirkung der Schwerkraft die in dem Speisersystem vorhandene Schmelze auf die im Formhohlraum vorhandene Schmelze drückt,
5. e. Halten der Gießform in der Erstarrungsstellung, bis die in der Gießform vorhandene Metallschmelze einen bestimmten Erstarrungszustand erreicht hat,
6. f. Entformen des Gussteils.

The invention also relates to the use of a rotatably mounted mold or mold, which forms a mold cavity forming the casting, a feeder system for feeding the mold cavity with molten metal and an inlet or runner, via which the feeder system can be filled with molten metal, wherein the feeder system is arranged with respect to the mold cavity of the mold or mold such that when turned into a filling position mold, the filling of Mold cavity with the molten metal via the feeder system against the direction of gravity, and wherein the filling of the molten metal inlet opening of the sprue on a side surface of the mold is so remote to its confluence with the feeder system arranged that the filling opening of the sprue in the respective filling position the mold is located above its junction in the feeder system,
for casting a casting from a molten metal, comprising the following steps:

1. a. Provide the mold
2. b. Aligning the mold in a filling position in which filled in the runner metal melt flows due to the action of gravity through the runner, wherein the main direction of flow of the molten metal, ie the flow direction in which the molten metal would have to flow regardless of the actual course of the sprue to go directly from the filling opening to the mouth of the sprue in the feeder system, with the effective direction of gravity forms an angle,
3. c. Filling the casting mold aligned in the filling position with the molten metal until the casting mold, including the runner, is completely filled with molten metal,
4. d. Turning the casting mold into a solidification position in which, as a result of the action of gravity, the melt present in the feeder system presses on the melt present in the mold cavity,
5. e. Holding the mold in the solidification position until the molten metal present in the mold reaches a certain state of solidification,
6. f. Removal of the casting.

It may be advantageous if a closure is provided in the region of the pouring pond. Advantageously, a slider can be provided in the region of the inlet. Conveniently, the axis of rotation of the mold can be aligned horizontally.

Casting products which are or have been produced by the inventive method and / or by means of the casting molds according to the invention, consist in a particularly expedient and advantageous manner of light metal alloys, in particular aluminum alloys.

Based on FIGS. 1 to 9 let the invention be explained in more detail.

The show FIGS. 1 to 4 conventional casting methods according to the prior art and the Figures 5 and 9 the casting method according to the invention.

• Figur 1 schematisch das Gussverfahren nach dem so genannten Bodenguss,
• Figur 2 das Gießverfahren nach dem Seitenguss,
• Figur 3 das Gießverfahren nach dem Kopfguss und
• Figur 4 das Gießverfahren nach dem Kippguss.

It shows the

• FIG. 1 schematically the casting process after the so-called bottom casting,
• FIG. 2 the casting process after the side casting,
• FIG. 3 the casting process after the head casting and
• FIG. 4 the casting process after the dumping.

Both FIGS. 1 to 4 is the indicated mold or mold respectively denoted by 1A, 1B, 1C and 1 D and the mold cavity or the cavity with 1a -1d.

At each of the FIGS. 1 to 4 in each case a feeder or riser 2a to 2d is provided, from which the so-called replenishment can take place when the casting solidifies.

For floor casting, side casting and head casting according to FIGS. 1 to 3 stand the molds upright and at the Figures 1 and 2 the melt is introduced via the pouring basins 4a, 4b FIG. 3 and in the dumping according to FIG. 4 Steiger 2c, 2d also serves pouring ponds. When dumping according to FIG. 4 takes place - in the example shown here - the filling of the melt first in the horizontal state of the mold 1 D in the container 2d 'and the mold 1 D is pivoted according to the arrow 3, the melt passes through the feeder 2d until the mold is upright and in this position, the solidification of the material with the feeder 2d upwards.

For floor casting and side casting according to the Figures 1 and 2 the supply of material takes place above the gray run 5 a, 5 b initially in the pouring pond and from there into the cavity 1 a, 1 b. According to the floor casting FIG. 1 joins the Eingusstümpel 4a of the inlet 6, which merges into an inlet region 7, which is lower than the cavity 1 a here and through the outlet 8, the melt enters the cavity 1e.

It can be seen that in the floor casting according to FIG. 1 The most laminar mold filling is created.
In the side casting according to FIG. 2 The mold filling takes place via the elevation of the bath level in the outlet at the mold cavity and is therefore less laminar than the bottom casting.

In the head casting according to FIG. 3 The most turbulent mold filling is present, which leads to greater enrichment of the melt with oxides, gas bubbles and foam.

When dumping according to FIG. 4 The flow direction of the material is also determined by the contours of the casting, resulting in overheating areas in the mold, which cause defects in the casting.

When casting in Kippgießverfahren according to FIG. 4 and in the casting by the Kopfgussverfahren according to FIG. 3 you have the hottest material in the feeder, so the best make-up, but, as already mentioned, instead of the desired laminar mold filling results in a turbulent.

According to the floor casting FIG. 1 arises, as already mentioned, the most laminar mold filling, according to the side casting FIG. 2 a respect to the laminar mold filling already deteriorated design and both casting methods, ie Floor casting and side casting, have the disadvantage that the coldest material is located in the feeder or riser and thus can be done during solidification optimal Nachspeisung only by larger feeders.

In the present invention, initially based on the FIGS. 5, 6 and 7 be explained in more detail, the advantages of floor and head casting, so the best laminar mold filling combined with the advantage that when solidifying the hottest metal is in the feeder.

This is done according to FIG. 5 pouring into the mold indicated with 1 E practically as in FIG. 1 , So after the Bodengussverfahren by the melt passes through the also gray deposited run 5c into the cavity 1 e. The melt introduced into the pouring pond 4e flows downwards through the inlet 6a, through the region extending below a storage space 9, through the inlet 7a through the storage space 9 and from there through the outlet 8a of the storage space 9 into the cavity 1e. Before solidification of the material, for example, depending on a certain temperature, the entire casting mold 1 E is pivoted, as in FIG. 6 is shown, here by about 180 °, about the axis I corresponding to the direction of rotation II. In this case, the storage space 9 goes up, so that this storage space 9 is now effective as a feeder or riser until the material is solidified.

In FIG. 7 is a position of the mold or mold 1 E shown after moving from the position of the FIG. 5 was pivoted about 90 °. It is here the parting line 10 between the two mold halves 1E 'and 1E "recognizable and the pivot axis I, which runs parallel and through the plane formed by the parting lines 10. In FIG. 7 is still recognizable, the observer facing end face of the cavity 1 e and the end face of the storage space 9 and the inlet 7a and the pouring basin 4e.

In many cases it will be irrelevant if in the position of FIG. 6 Melt from the Gusstümpel 4e, the inlet 6a or the inlet 7a expires after the existing melt there is no longer needed for the following phases of the casting process.

It may be useful if the mold 1E. between the position she takes, just before she is in the in FIG. 7 shown position and in a position shortly thereafter, is moved quickly, so that melt from the cavity and the reservoir can practically not leak. In the area of the pouring pond 4e, however, a closure 11 can also be provided or in the region of the inlet a slide 12, which are actuated in good time before or during pivoting, so that the casting run is completed there.

However, the pivoting can also be pivoted about a horizontal or horizontal or at least approximately parallel to the plane of the parting line 10 extending axis, for example, at least approximately to the axis extending perpendicular thereto III. It may be advantageous if the pivoting takes place in the direction of the arrow III ', so that the casting run or the pouring pond precedes and melt until it reaches a position with the reservoir 9 upwards at least this can not leak. The pivoting can also take place about other axes or curves than the illustrated, for example, from the axes shown axes or curves, when using a shutter or slider, the direction of rotation with respect to the leakage of melt from the casting is less crucial.

Both FIGS. 8 and 9 are cavity 20 and at least parts of the runner 21, namely the inlet 22, at an angle to each other, at an obtuse angle, arranged.

It is again recognizable the Eingusstümpel 23 and the curved inlet 24, which opens into the reservoir 25 and this goes through an outlet 26 into the cavity. Cavity 20, the reservoir 25 and inlet 24 may be arranged to each other so that the inlet 24 is lower than the reservoir 25 and this in turn is lower than the cavity 20. In some cases, it may also be advantageous or sufficient if the inlet 24 is not placed below the storage space 25. In the FIGS. 8 and 9 are cavity and inlet, as already mentioned, provided at an obtuse angle 26 to each other and both each include an angle 27,28 to a plane 29 which extends at least approximately perpendicular to the horizontal.

After the introduction of the melt and in good time before the solidification thereof, the mold 30 is pivoted in the in FIG. 9 shown position, and that about the axis 31, which is at least approximately parallel to the parting line 32 of the mold 30, and expediently in a pivoting direction of the arrow 33, so that the runner 21 with the Eingusteümpel 23 leads up to a position of the FIG. 9 , wherein the cavity 20 is brought into such a position that the storage space 25 is now above the cavity 20 and the storage space 25 can take over the function of a riser or feeder.

The pivoting is done so far that the inlet 22, the horizontal 34 has not quite reached, so it can leak no or little melt.

It can be seen that the method according to the invention or the casting molds according to the invention make it possible to cast according to the principle of bottom casting with a laminar mold filling that is optimal in comparison with the other casting methods and solidify according to the principle of head casting, which in turn results in the best possible make-up.

The invention further relates to castings which are produced by the method according to the invention and / or in the casting molds according to the invention. Although the method according to the invention is particularly suitable for the processing of light metal, in particular light metal alloys, such as aluminum alloys, the invention is not limited to use in light metal alloys, but other materials according to the invention can also be processed, including non-metallic materials.

LIST OF REFERENCE NUMBERS

1A to 1D

mold

1a to 1e

cavity

2a to 2d

Feeder / riser

2d '

container

3

arrow

4a-4d

pour cup

5a, 5b, 5c

runner

6

enema

7,7a

Intake

8,8a

outlet

9

reservoir

I

axis

10

parting line

1E

Mold (mold)

1E ', 1E "

mold halves

11

shutter

12

pusher

20

cavity

21

runner

22

enema

23

pour cup

24

Intake

25

pantry

26

angle

27.28

angle

29

WL

30

shape

31

axis

32

parting line

33

pan direction

34

horizontal

Claims (18)

1. A method of casting a material by bringing it into a free-flowing state by heating and introducing it into a casting mold in accordance with the principle of gravity, characterised in that the introduction of the material into the cavity of the casting mold is performed from below in accordance with the bottom casting principle, wherein the material - seen in its direction of flow - is firstly introduced into a sprue basin of a runner, then flows through the runner, then through a storage space situated in front of the cavity and arranged below this, and from there into the cavity, and in that, after introduction of the material into the casting mold, this is then pivoted together with sprue basin, runner and storage space such that the storage space assumes the function of a feeder or riser and the solidification of the material takes place in accordance with the top casting principle.
2. The method according to Claim 1, characterised in that the runner has an area which is situated lower than the storage space during the introduction of the material.
3. The method according to one of the preceding claims, characterised in that in the runner and the cavity there is provided a gate which is activated prior to pivoting.
4. The method according to one of the preceding claims, characterised in that a closure is provided on the sprue basin of the casting mold, said closure being activated prior to pivoting.
5. The method according to one of the preceding claims, characterised in that the pivoting of the casting mold takes place about an axis which runs parallel to its separating-groove plane or planes.
6. The method according to one of the preceding claims, characterised in that the cavity and the runner are arranged at an angle to each other.
7. The method according to one of the preceding claims, characterised in that both the cavity and the runner are arranged at an angle to a horizontal plane running between them.
8. The method according to one of the preceding claims, characterised in that the cavity and the runner enclose an obtuse angle in relation to each other.
9. The method according to one of the preceding claims, characterised in that the cavity and/or runner form an obtuse angle in relation to a horizontal plane.
10. The method according to one of the preceding claims, characterised in that the cavity and the runner are provided at such an angle in relation to each other and are pivoted about the pivot axis at such an angle and in such a direction that when a position of the storage space is reached in which it can assume the function as a feeder or riser, the runner has not yet reached the horizontal.
11. The method according to one of the preceding claims, characterised in that the pivoting of the mold is carried out in such a direction that the runner is at the forefront.
12. The method according to one of the preceding claims, characterised in that the material brought into the free-flowing state flows out of the sprue basin through the runner, namely an intake connected to the sprue basin and an inlet connected thereto, then further into the storage space, the inlet being situated, at least in some areas, lower than a storage space, and further through an outlet of the storage space into the cavity of the casting mold, the storage space being situated, at least in some areas, lower than the cavity, and in that the casting mold comprising the entry basin, the intake, the inlet, the storage space, the outlet and the cavity is pivoted before the material solidifies, such that the storage space acts as a feeder or riser.
13. A casting mold, or a permanent mold (1 E) for casting a material by bringing it into a free-flowing state by heating and introducing it into the casting mold (1 E) in accordance with the principle of gravity, including a runner (5c) with a sprue basin (4e), a storage space (9) connected to the runner (5c) and a cavity (1e) connected thereto equipped with an intake (8a), the sprue basin (4e) being provided above the cavity (1 e), the runner (5c) running at the side of the cavity (1 e), wherein, to introduce the material into the cavity (1 e) of the casting mold (1 E) from the bottom in accordance with the bottom casting principle, the storage space is arranged below the intake (8a) of the cavity (1e) and the intake (8a) is arranged above the storage space (9) and wherein the casting mold (1 E) can pivot together with the sprue basin (4e), runner (5c), storage space (9), intake (8a) and cavity (1 e), such that the storage space (9) acts as a feeder arranged above the cavity (1 e) for solidifying the material in accordance with the top casting principle.
14. The casting mold according to Claim 13, characterised in that the axis of rotation (III) of the casting mold (1 E) is oriented horizontally.
15. The use of a rotatably borne casting mold or permanent mold (1 E, 30), which includes a mold hollow space (1 a, 20), which forms the cast part, a feeder system (9) for feeding the mold hollow space (1 e, 20) with molten metal, and an intake or feed channel (6a, 22), via which the feeder system (10) can be filled with molten metal, the feeder system (9, 25) being arranged relative to the mold hollow space (1 e, 20) of the casting mold or permanent mold (1 E, 30), such that, in the case of a casting mold turned into a filling position, the filling of the mold hollow space (1 e, 20) with the molten metal is performed via the feeder system (9, 25) against the direction of the effect of gravity, and wherein the feed channel's (6a, 22) pour-in aperture (4e, 23) provided for the molten metal to be poured into is arranged, at a side surface of the casting mold (1 E, 30), remote from its opening into the feeder system (9, 25), such that the pour-in aperture (4e, 23) of the feed channel (6a, 22) in the casting mold's respective filling position is arranged above its confluence with the feeder system (9, 25),
    to cast a cast part from a molten metal, including the following production steps:

    a. providing the casting mold or permanent mold (1 E, 30)

    b. orienting the casting mold (1 E, 30) into a filling position in which molten metal poured into the feed channel (6a, 22) flows, as a result of the effect of gravity, through the feed channel (6a, 22), wherein the main flow direction of the molten metal, i.e. the flow direction in which the molten metal would have to flow irrespective of the respective actual course of the feed channel in order to directly arrive at the confluence with the feed channel into the feeder system, encloses an angle with the direction of the effect of gravity,

    c. filling the casting mold (1 E, 30), which is oriented in the filling position, with the molten metal until the casting mold (1 E, 30), including the feed channel (6a, 22) is completely filled with molten metal,

    d. turning the casting mold (1 E, 30) into a solidification position in which as a result of the effect of gravity the molten material present in the feeder system (9, 25) presses onto the molten material present in the mold hollow space (1 e, 20),

    e. holding the casting mold (1 E, 30) in the solidification position until the molten metal present in the casting mold (1 E, 30) has reached a particular solidification state,

    f. demolding the cast part.
16. The use according to Claim 15, characterised in that a closure is provided in the region of the sprue basin (4e).
17. The use according to Claim 15, characterised in that a gate (12) is provided in the region of the intake.
18. The use according to one of the preceding claims, characterised in that the axis of rotation (III, 31) of the casting mold (1 E, 30) is oriented horizontally.

Images