EP2118583A2

EP2118583A2 - Device for fastening a retaining element to a roof surface

Info

Publication number: EP2118583A2
Application number: EP08708602A
Authority: EP
Inventors: Hans Steinbronn
Original assignee: Individual
Current assignee: Individual
Priority date: 2007-02-23
Filing date: 2008-02-14
Publication date: 2009-11-18
Also published as: DE202008000237U1; WO2008101792A2; WO2008101792A3

Abstract

The invention relates to a method for fastening a retaining element (1) to a roof (30). The retaining element (1) comprises at least one bottom wall (2), the bottom face of which can be placed on a roof surface (31). According to the invention, the bottom wall (2) of the retaining element has at least two opposite, free edge sections (3) and a top face (4) which is freely accessible between said edge sections (3) and on which a flexible strip (5) is placed that extends across the opposite edge sections (3). The flexible strip sections (5a, 5b) that protrude from the edge sections (3) are connected, particularly welded or glued, to the roof surface without penetrating the external roof sealing layer.

Description

Fastening device for fastening a retaining element on a roof surface

DESCRIPTION

The present invention relates to a fastening device with a holding element on a roof, wherein the holding element has at least one bottom wall part which can be placed with its underside on a roof surface, wherein the holding element at least two opposite free edge portions on the top of the bottom wall part and one between these edge portions free has accessible top.

A corresponding definition is fulfilled by many fastening devices for solar modules, which rest with a rail or a floor support on a roof surface, when such a support has a resting on the roof surface bottom wall.

The present invention claims the priority of the prior German Patent Application No. 10 2007 014 165.5 and, to that extent, is based on the same prior art as this.

Roof areas are usually unused areas that serve almost exclusively to protect a building or rooms under the roof from the weather. With increasing environmental awareness, however, the use of roof areas for different purposes, which are considered in the broadest sense as ecologically meaningful measures, has gained in interest. Green roofs, for example, have been known for a long time, providing better insulation and an improved building climate, while at the same time being CO ₂ -slowing and oxygen-producing surfaces. In addition, interest has recently shifted more and more to the use of solar energy, either through the direct use of solar heat to produce hot water for heating or other uses, or by converting solar energy into electricity using suitable semiconductor materials.

In many such applications, plate-shaped components must be mounted on a roof surface. Above all photovoltaic modules are very often produced and offered in the form of plate-shaped components and must be mounted as such on a roof, and provided with a corresponding electrical wiring and interconnection to use a roof surface for power generation. Above all, the crystalline silicon modules, the preferred should be placed south at a large angle of inclination so that the sunlight hits as long as possible at steep angles on the plates, because in this way the best efficiency of corresponding modules can be achieved.

In addition, photovoltaic elements based on thin, amorphous silicon layers are known, which are applied to flexible plastic sheets, these plastic sheets are simply placed on a flat roof surface and firmly connected to the roof surface. However, these modules made of amorphous silicon have a comparatively low efficiency.

Recently, modules based on thin-film copper-indium-selenium compounds have been developed, which are in their efficiency between the amorphous and crystalline silicon modules and which are typically applied in a thin layer on a glass plate and covered by a second glass plate and hermetically sealed, since these semiconductor compounds are not very stable in the free environment. These modules also have the advantage that they also use diffused light very well and consequently do not necessarily have to be aligned with an optimized inclination to the south, but can also be arranged, for example, on flat or slightly inclined roof surfaces and still have a higher degree of efficiency than that amorphous silicon modules. Such modules in the form of glass plates, which have sandwiched a semiconductor layer and are additionally provided with a corresponding interconnection or wiring, but can not be easily placed on a roof surface, as they would not withstand a stronger wind or storm load. On the other hand, mounting in analogy to the plate-shaped modules with crystalline silicon is very complicated and can not be realized for a large part of the existing lightweight roofs for static reasons. In addition, these elaborate mounting structures have the disadvantage that you require a solid connection to the building and fasteners must be sealed in any way through the roof area extend. This makes such designs uninteresting for special operators who rent roof areas for commercial power generation and want to arrange at their own expense appropriate solar modules on roofs that should not be part of the building and thus do not pass into the possession of the building owner.

In view of this state of the art, there is a need to provide a holding element, a method for its attachment and a system for fixing plate-shaped components by means of such holding elements, the simple and cost-effective attachment of plate-shaped components to roofs, in particular flat and pitched roofs, permit, without these components become building components, and thus can be removed again without damaging the roof surface or the roof seal and above all without any effect on the tightness of the roof or roof waterproofing can be mounted. In addition, it should of course be ensured that with the help of appropriate facilities fixed, plate-shaped components are securely anchored to the roof or on the roof waterproofing membrane and are not demolished by stronger wind or storm from the roof surface.

It is understood that the invention is not only applicable to the attachment of photovoltaic modules or other types of solar panels, but is generally provided for the attachment of all types of plate-shaped components on roof surfaces.

This object is achieved in that a flexible strip is placed on the freely accessible upper side of the bottom wall part as a fastening element, which extends over the opposite edge portions of the bottom wall part, wherein the protruding beyond the edge portions portions of the flexible strip are designed so that they Fastening elements connected to a roof surface without penetration of the outer roof skin with the roof surface, in particular welded or glued.

According to the invention, therefore, the fastening device or an associated retaining element of the fastening device has at least one bottom wall part, which can be placed with its underside on a roof surface.

Such a bottom wall part can take on very different forms, but has a relatively limited extent in a plan view of the roof surface or on the bottom wall part resting on the roof surface in at least one direction. The part can be for example a square or generally rectangular plate or even a rather elongated plate, bar or rail, which is placed with its underside on the roof surface. Any inserts, spacers or padding, which prevent direct contact between the bottom wall part and the roof skin, can of course be additionally arranged between the roof skin and the bottom wall part, without affecting the operation of the invention. Along at least one direction, this bottom wall part is limited and the boundaries of the top of the bottom wall part in this direction are referred to as "edge portions". Such edge portions are of course not only present when the bottom wall part has a rectangular cross-section, but also if it has a rounded top, since it eventually ends somewhere in the given direction and must have a transition to the resting on the roof surface bottom and at the latest Transition is considered as edge portion in the sense of the present invention. On this top a flexible strip is then arranged such that it has over the edge portions of the bottom wall portion protruding portions which are brought into contact with the roof surface and firmly connected to this, in particular welded or glued. Thus, the flexible stiffening keeps the holding element or the bottom wall part of the holding element firmly on the roof surface. It is understood that the flexible strip in itself has sufficient tear resistance and with respect to the roof surface sufficient adhesion to secure with the bottom wall part and all attached to the associated holding member parts securely on the roof surface.

Of course, the bottom wall may also be double-walled and be formed, for example, as a rectangular tube, wherein the flexible strip extends on top of such a double-walled bottom part and in one direction beyond its opposite edges or edges. The holding elements are either relatively small, block-like elements with small dimensions of less than 20 x 20 cm ² , or typically elongated rails (including rectangular tubes) having a width of a few centimeters, generally less than 10 cm wide and a length of have several meters, so that you can easily arrange appropriate flexible strips across it and on both sides of such a rail or such a block with the roof surface can firmly connect.

A particular advantage of the attachment according to the invention by means of flexible strips is that thereby the roof skin is not damaged, in particular not penetrated, as is often done in the attachment of appropriate modules, which are fastened with bolts or the like to the roof substructure. The disadvantage of such constructions is also that they are thus an integral part of the building, whereas the flexible strips according to the invention are glued or welded only to the outer roof surface and can either be separated from this again or in their beyond the edge portions of the support member protruding Part can be easily cut, whereby the holding elements and corresponding modules mounted thereon can be easily separated without damaging the roof skin from the roof.

In a variant of the present invention, the bottom wall part, which is designed as a rail or tube, in particular as a rectangular tube, part of a above the bottom wall extending frame construction, which in turn is designed for receiving solar modules. Such a frame construction can in particular be designed so that it defines a receiving plane for solar modules, which is inclined relative to the roof plane. As is well known, the efficiency and energy yield associated with solar energy Among other things, from the inclination of the solar modules or solar module surfaces with respect to a horizontal plane from. The frame construction can ensure that the module surfaces can be aligned optimally or at least better than the roof surface itself in terms of maximum energy yield.

Such a frame construction may comprise, for example, beams or spars which define the already mentioned, inclined to the roof surface receiving level for solar modules.

The frame construction may in particular consist of triangular or quadrangular frame elements in a side view with a floor support (= bottom wall part) extending parallel to the roof surface and a module support inclined to the floor support, which at one end is directly or by a short crosspiece and at the other end by a longer Crosspiece are connected to each other, so that bottom support, module carrier and crosspiece (e) define an acute-angled triangle or a trapezoid or quadrangle, the cross pieces are significantly shorter than the bottom support or the module carrier.

In accordance with one embodiment of the present invention, floor beams and module beams enclose an angle between 5 and 40 ° with each other. In particular, the frame members may be formed so that bottom support and module carrier form an angle between 10 ° and 20 ° with each other. Accordingly, for the mounting surface of solar modules, a slope changed by 10 to 20 ° with respect to the roof surface is established.

The above-defined frame members are connected together according to a variant of the invention to form a frame structure having the already mentioned, inclined to the roof surface mounting plane for the attachment of solar modules. Conveniently, several of the triangular, trapezoidal or quadrangular frame members are arranged side by side and at a distance from each other in parallel and connected by transverse bars together. The present invention is particularly intended for roofs which are designed as lightweight roofs, wherein the outer roof surface is made of plastic and wherein a plurality of fasteners extend transversely across each floor support and are glued or welded with their projecting beyond the floor support sections on the roof.

It is understood that the invention is not only applicable to the attachment of photovoltaic modules or other types of solar panels, but in principle generally suitable for the attachment of any types of plate-shaped components on roofs. Thus, instead of, as is otherwise customary, connecting a holding element to the load-bearing elements of a roof construction and in some way passing it through the roof surface in a sealed manner, according to the present invention a direct connection or attachment of the holding element to the outer roof surface or roof skin provided. This method is applicable in principle to any type of roof, but is particularly preferred and advantageous for roofs that have only a low roof pitch or so-called flat roofs, and have a substantially flat roof surface. In principle, however, it would not be excluded, corresponding holding elements using the strips according to the invention on other roof covering elements, such. As roof sheets, corrugated sheets or roof tiles and attach to this, with only the material of the strips and possibly a corresponding adhesive must be suitably selected to a permanent connection between the strip and the outer roof surface and thus between the holding element and the to ensure outer roof surface.

Many flat roofs, for example, have a roofing membrane of PVC or polyolefin, which is suitable for connection to a corresponding strip, the z. B. may also consist of PVC or polyolefin, are particularly well suited.

In order to obtain a sufficiently firm connection, which can be connected to the roof surface portions of the strip should have a surface area of at least about 20cm ^2, preferably an area of at least about 100 cm ^2, which is connected to the roof surface, that is generally bonded to the roof surface or welded, depending on which material the roof seal consists.

It is also expedient if the two projecting beyond the edge portions of the bottom wall of the retaining element portions of the strip are each about the same size, so that the retaining element is held equally safe on both sides.

The holding element could in turn be glued with its resting on the roof surface underside also with this roof surface, this being particularly useful as a provisional bonding for the initial positioning of corresponding holding elements, without at the same time the strips are already connected to the roof surface. Incidentally, the strips according to the invention can also already be adhesively bonded to the upper side of the bottom wall of the retaining element before they are arranged on a roof surface.

Appropriately, a plurality of holding elements are fastened in a grid on a roof surface for fixing plate-shaped components, wherein the grid dimension, ie the repeatability stand of the holding elements on the roof surface expediently corresponds to the respective side length of the generally rectangular, plate-shaped components plus a gap. It is understood that, if the respective plates or plate-shaped components are not square, and the corresponding field of holding elements in mutually perpendicular directions may have different grid dimensions.

With regard to the above-mentioned holding element, which has a bottom wall which can be placed with its underside on a roof surface, the object underlying the invention is achieved in that the bottom wall has at least two opposite, free edge portions and between these edge portions freely accessible top and a flexible strip is arranged on the freely accessible upper side, which extends over the opposite edge sections, wherein the sections of the flexible strip projecting beyond the edge sections can be connected to the roof surface without penetrating the outer roof sealing layer, in particular by welding or gluing.

The retaining element may optionally be prefabricated with corresponding strips, i. a corresponding strip may already be glued to the bottom wall of such a holding element before it is delivered for attachment to a roof surface. However, it is also possible to transport the actual holding elements or the part having the bottom wall separately from the strip to the construction site and to arrange the strip in the manner described above on the bottom wall only on site. In the case of a thin and delicate roof skin could under the holding element nor a separating layer to prevent mechanical damage to the thin roof skin are arranged, but this separation layer extends at most below a small Teilt the surface of the holding member superior portions of the strip.

It is also an embodiment of the invention conceivable in which the strip is not in the true sense over the top of the bottom wall away, but rather integrally formed on the end faces of the bottom wall, then namely, if the bottom wall is made of a corresponding plastic, from which also consist of the attached strips.

However, if the strip extends on and over the bottom wall, it is provided according to an embodiment of the invention that the top of the strip is formed in its covering the bottom wall area as a support surface for the support of at least one plate-shaped component or by an additional support member for receiving a plate-shaped component is covered. In other words, a plate-shaped component or an edge portion or corner portion of a plate-shaped component can be placed directly on the strip covering the bottom wall. The support member consists in such an embodiment practically only of a bottom wall, for. B. in the form of a plate which is covered by a strip extending over it and is connected by connecting the strips with the roof surface with this firmly. The strip can be glued firmly in its top covering area, as already mentioned, with the bottom wall and z. B. be pressed by a suitable tool on the bottom wall. If the strip then has a smooth surface and a uniform wall thickness, its outer surface above the bottom wall may already be well suited as a support surface for plate-like structural elements. Depending on whether and how well the strip or its top is suitable for support by a plate-shaped component, if necessary, also a separate support element, for. B. in the form of a plate or the like, on the upper side of the strip (in the area above the bottom wall) are arranged, said support element then has an upper support surface for receiving a plate-shaped component.

In such an embodiment, the bottom wall should be expediently designed for the reception of fastening elements for fastening the plate-shaped component. For example, the bottom plates could have threaded holes or holes or consist of a material in which self-tapping screws can be screwed with a tight fit, so that resting on the top of the strip or a corresponding support element plate elements whose support area from above by a on the plate-shaped component lying clamping plate is detected by means of screws which penetrate the clamping plate and engage in the bottom plate, are held or clamped on the bottom plate.

According to another embodiment of the invention, however, a support element with the bottom plate is fixed and integrally connected if possible. For this purpose, for example, a support element for supporting the support element from the bottom wall upwards, i. away from the support surface on the roof, extend and support or support a support element, wherein the support element is advantageously also integrally connected to the support and thus integrally connected to the bottom wall. This allows above all the adjustment of the height of the support surface for plate-shaped components above the actual roof area, i. above the roof sealing surface. This distance is ultimately determined by the thickness of the bottom wall, the length of the support element perpendicular to the surface of the bottom wall and the thickness of the support element at the other end of the support element.

Conveniently, the bottom wall should have an area of at least 20 cm ² and a width of at least 4 cm. The width is measured transverse to the longitudinal extent of the strip, ie along the free edge portions over which the strip extends away. The width and area of the bottom wall over which the strip-shaped element extends is important for a uniform load distribution, in particular for avoiding strong local loads of the strips. For this reason, the edges over which the strip extends could also be bevelled or rounded.

It is even better if the bottom wall has an area of at least 20 cm ² and a width of at least 4 cm, wherein in the concrete embodiment typical areas of the bottom wall rather in the order of 50 to 100 cm ² and at a width of 5 bis 10 cm are.

According to one embodiment, which has proved to be very useful, the holding element is designed as a hollow box or C-profile. The box profile can z. B. have the profile of a flat rectangle, z. B. with a wall thickness of 2 mm, a width of 5 to 10 cm, in particular 6 to 8 cm and a height of z. B. 2 to 5 cm. The length may be similar to the width between 5 and 10, in particular between 6 and 8 cm, but these are only exemplary dimensions, which can easily be exceeded or fallen below. The specific size also depends on how large a concrete plate or a plate-shaped component is, which is fastened by the holding elements to a roof surface and how many holding elements per plate are available.

Such a box profile is open at its two opposite end sides and closed at the remaining two sides and at the top. A corresponding strip is simply passed through the open end faces of the profile, except on each side of the box concerned, whose length z. B. may be approximately equal to its width, a corresponding portion of the strip, z. B. with a length of 5 to 20 cm, protruding from the open box section.

Optionally, the strip can be glued to the bottom surface, ie the lower inner surface of the box profile. The side walls of this box profile effectively form support elements for the upper wall of the box profus, which in turn corresponds to the previously defined support element. Corresponding, in plan view z. B. square box sections can then be arranged in a corresponding grid of a roof surface and fixed by means of the box profile sweeping strips on the roof surface by the glued from the box section sections of the strips are glued or welded to the roof surface. After in this way the rectangular or square in plan view Katenprofile are arranged in a grid on a roof surface, to be fastened plate-shaped elements are placed on the upper bearing surface of these box sections. Optionally, a damping or cushioning layer between the box section or the support surface and the plate-shaped component can be arranged to protect an optionally sensitive surface of the plate-shaped component. The plate-shaped component must be fixed on the box sections or holding elements. be arranged that the surface of the retaining element or the box profile is not completely covered. This makes it possible to arrange a clamping plate, which expediently has approximately the same area and shape as the support surface of the holding element, above the holding element and z. Example, by a fastening screw which passes through the clamping plate to connect to the support surface or the support element of the holding element by, for example, a self-tapping screw is used, which passes through a hole in the clamping plate and is screwed next to the plate-shaped component in the support surface of the support element.

For example, if the retaining element is the box profile just described, which z. B. may consist of aluminum, a self-tapping screw can be easily screwed into the upper wall of the existing aluminum box section and thus ensures a secure hold of the plate-shaped component when using the screw presses a clamping plate from above on the plate-shaped component and this presses against the support surface of the holding element. If the holding elements are placed so that in each case a corner of four adjacent plate-shaped components rests on such a holding element, wherein a narrow gap remains between the adjacent plate-shaped components, so a corresponding clamping plate on the holding element and on the four resting on the holding element corner areas placed and fastened with a extending through the clamping plate and the gap between the plate-shaped components screw on the holding element. Of course, other arrangements of the holding elements are conceivable in which in each case only two adjacent plates rest together on a holding element.

It is understood that at the outer edge or corner areas of a corresponding field of plates, of course, only one or two plates can rest with their corners on the support elements. For better balance of forces can then additional distance holders whose height corresponds to the thickness of the plate-shaped components, instead of the remaining at the edge of the field of plates remaining corner areas between the holding element and clamping plate are arranged.

According to one embodiment of the invention, the strip for fastening the holding elements consists of a thermoplastic material, in particular PVC or flexible polyolefin, which is usually also designated by the abbreviation FPO. This material can either be fiber reinforced or it can, for. B. have a liner of a fabric or a fibrous layer to increase its tensile strength.

The advantage of such a PVC or Polyolefinmaterials is that it can be welded in a simple manner with appropriate roofing membranes or roof waterproofing membranes, which often also consist of PVC or FPO, while providing a secure and durable connection. If the holding element itself consists of a plastic material, the sections of the strip which extend from the edges could, if appropriate, also be integrally formed on the relevant edges of the holding element.

With regard to the above-mentioned system, the object underlying the invention is achieved in that corresponding holding elements are arranged in a grid on a roof surface and fixed by means of their stripes on the roof surface, whereupon then placed the plate-shaped components on the support surfaces or support elements of the plate-shaped components and be secured to the holding elements via clamping plates arranged on top of the plate-shaped components and above the respective holding elements.

The adhesive and / or welded connection of the holding elements is on the one hand safe and strong enough to securely hold a corresponding field of plate-shaped components on a roof surface. On the other hand, such an adhesive or welded joint is readily releasable again, without damaging the roof surface appreciably and without affecting the tightness of the roof. Thus, on a roof mounted components are thus not part of the building and can be removed if necessary, without interfering with the roof structure and endanger its tightness.

Since the holding elements are effectively also something like spacers, there remains sufficient space between the placed on the holding elements plate-shaped components for the implementation of wiring and the arrangement of circuit groups. At the same time any water can easily flow through this space and, if appropriate distances or gaps between adjacent plate-shaped components are released, so there is a good ventilation of the space between the plate-shaped components and the roof surface. At the same time provide the thus arranged plate-shaped components only a small windage surface, so that such plates or the holding elements do not detach even in strong wind or storm from a roof surface, as long as the roof surface in turn remains firmly connected to the underground construction of the roof.

At the same time, the plate-shaped components, which can be arranged almost completely on a roof surface, provide good protection of the roof surface against UV radiation, which for some roof types, especially roofs, which are sealed with plastic sheets, bring a significant improvement in the life of the roof waterproofing membrane can.

In addition, the holding system according to the invention is extremely inexpensive and simple and easy to assemble and also ideal for static only weakly resilient roofs, such as the söge- called lightweight roofs, suitable. Further advantages, features and possible applications of the present invention will become apparent from the following description of preferred embodiments and the associated figures. Show it:

FIG. 1 shows a first embodiment of a retaining element without fastening strips,

FIG. 2 shows the embodiment according to FIG. 1 with fastening strips,

3 shows the embodiment illustrated in FIGS. 1 and 2 in a side view, fastened on a roof surface;

FIG. 4 shows the holding element according to FIG. 3 with plate-shaped components arranged thereon and a clamping plate holding these components,

5 shows a view similar to FIG. 4, but for a second embodiment of a holding element, FIG.

Figure 6 shows the view from above of a clamping element arranged above a holding element and the corners of four plate-shaped components.

FIG. 7 shows an alternative method of mounting the holding elements and clamping plates with four plate-shaped components shown broken away,

Figure 8 schematically shows the grid-shaped arrangement of holding elements and plate-shaped

components

FIG. 9 shows a further alternative embodiment of a holding element.

Figure 10 is a side view of a frame member according to the present invention, and Figure 1 1 is a detail of the embodiment of Figure 10 in a perspective view.

In Figure 1 shows a first embodiment of a holding element in the form of a box-shaped profile piece, which, for example, a width of 6 to 8 cm, a height of 2 to 4 cm and a length or depth of z. B. may also have 6 to 8 or 10 cm. Corresponding profile parts are made of many materials, especially aluminum as rods or profile material in different lengths. From a correspondingly long profile such retaining elements 1 can be easily separated. The holding element shown in Figure 1 is completed by a strip 5 of a flexible material, in particular FPO (flexible polyolefin), which has a width which corresponds approximately to the clear inner width of the box profile of the element 1, wherein the strip 5 front and Rear end portions 5a, 5b has, which protrude from the box section beyond or beyond the free edges 3 of the bottom wall 2 of the box profile.

As can be seen in Figure 1 and dashed lines in Figure 2, the support member 1 has a bottom wall, the lower surface, not visible in these figures can be placed on a roof surface and z. B. with a suitable adhesive or with double-sided tape on a roof top surface can be attached. The side walls 8 of the box profile 1 are effective support elements for an upper support element 7, which consists simply of the upper wall of the box profile. This has an upper bearing surface 7a. The bottom wall 2 has front and rear free edge portions 3 and a top 4 which is freely accessible between the front and rear edge portions. This makes it possible, as shown in Figure 2, on the upper side 4 of the bottom wall 2 to arrange the corresponding strip 5 such that its two end portions on both sides extend beyond the edges 3 away and can be connected to a roof surface. FIG. 3 shows the holding element 1 shown in FIG. 2 mounted on a roof 30. The right and left recognizable and projecting beyond the end faces of the box profile end portions 5a, 5b of the strip 5 are welded to the roof surface 31 and the surface 31 of the roof skin 32 or optionally glued. Welding is particularly useful when a roofing membrane or roof surface consists of a material which can be welded well to the material of the strip 5, in particular if both consist of FPO. The strip 5 may additionally be reinforced by admixed fibers or an inlaid fabric. Conveniently, the strip 5 is also glued to the upper side 4 of the bottom wall 2 of the box profile 1 in order to avoid any movement of the holding element.

After the box profile or holding element 1 is fastened by means of the strip 5 on the roof surface, expediently a larger number of corresponding holding elements is arranged in a grid, as shown for example in Figure 8, plate-shaped components 15 can be placed on the support members 1 and using a clamping plate 9 are attached. This is shown by way of example in FIG.

For example, according to the grid shown in Figure 8 four plate-shaped components 15 were placed with their corners together on a support member 1, as shown in the side view (with only two visible plates 15) in Figure 4, a plate-shaped component 9 from above placed on the corner regions of the four plates 15, wherein expediently the clamping plate 9 should have the same horizontal dimensions (in Figure 6 in the paper plane) as the support surface 7a of the underlying holding element 1. The clamping plate 9 could also be slightly larger or smaller but should at least be large enough to be able to press the corner areas of the plates 15 on the holding element 1 without excessive local stress.

To protect the possibly sensitive surfaces of the plates 15 can, as shown in the section of Figure 4, in addition still padding layers 11 and 12, the z. B. from 0.5 to 1 mm thick nonwoven webs can be placed between the support surface 7a and the underside of the plate 15 and between the top of the plate 15 and the underside of the clamping plate 9. By means of a self-tapping clamping screw 6, the clamping plate 9 can then be connected to the holding element, the screw 6 itself a thread in the support element. 7 in the form of the upper wall of the holding element cuts, so that when tightening the screw 6, the plates 15 between the clamping plate 9 and the support surface 7a of the holding element firmly clamped and held. It is understood that instead of the clamping plates 9 and clamps or the like could be used. There may also be applications in which the edges of the plates have holes or recesses, which can be penetrated by a screw or other clamping element, thereby the plates could be directly connected to the support member. Instead of screws and straps could be used, which pass through the holding element and over a clamping plate or clamp, which cover the top of the plates, are passed away.

In this case, as can be seen in Figure 4, the plates 15 held at a distance from the roof surface, which corresponds approximately to the height of the support elements 8, which here is the height of the side walls of the box section. It is understood that one can specify the clearance between the bottom of the plates 15 and the roof surface arbitrarily by appropriate choice of the support elements 8 and in this particular case, the height of the box profile. Appropriately, this distance is chosen so that at any point any bumps or structures of the roof surface can lead to contact with the underside of the plates 15, so that always a clear space between the roof surface and plates 15 remains, said clear space and the drainage of Rainwater easily possible. In addition, this space is available for the management of cables and tracks, which can be connected, for example, with two plugs 19 shown schematically in Figure 4, which are individually available in the case of photovoltaic modules to each of the plate-shaped components 15.

In the illustrated embodiment, the plates or plate-shaped components 15 represent photovoltaic modules in CIS thin-film technology, which have a lower glass plate 17, on which a correspondingly thin layer of the CIS semiconductor material is applied, in which layer also corresponding conduction paths are integrated, which are connected to output cables, which z. B. plug connections 19 may have, or as cables or cable paths are connected directly to other switching elements or other cables and cable paths. The photosensitive layer 18 is covered by another glass plate 16 which is laminated to this layer, so that the layer 18 is completely isolated from the surrounding atmosphere. In addition, the edges of the plates may still be sealed to protect the layer 18 from external influences. The clear space below these photovoltaic modules provides enough space for the passage of connection cables and circuit elements for interconnection and connection of the individual modules. FIG. 5 shows a representation very similar to FIG. 4 for another embodiment of a holding element 1 '. In this case, the holding element 1 'only consists of a bottom plate 2', which is here, however, made somewhat thicker than the bottom wall 2 of the holding element according to Figures 1 to 4. The right in Fig. 5 and recognizable upper edges of the holding element 1 'are also beveled to ensure better guidance of the strip 5 arranged thereon. The edges can thereby cut less in the strip 5. According to a variant, the plate-shaped components 15 could be placed directly on top of the strip 5. In the present example, however, it is shown that an additional support plate T between the top of the strip 5 and the plate-shaped components 15 is arranged. From the top in turn presses a clamping plate 9 on the plate-shaped components, which may be the same as the clamping plate 9 in Figure 4 and also by a screw 6, which in turn may be a self-tapping screw, with the holding element 1 'is braced, the Screw is screwed directly into the bottom wall 2 'of the holding element 1' in this case, since the holding element 1 'ultimately consists only of this bottom wall 2' and the strip 5. The support plate 7 'has a corresponding through hole for the passage of the screw. 6

Protective or cushioning layers 11 and 12 corresponding to FIG. 4 can of course also be arranged between the support plate T and the clamping plate 9 and the plates 15, even if they are not shown in FIG. 5. With 32 is referred to in Figures 3 to 5, the so-called "roof skin" or roof waterproofing membrane, in particular from a 0.5 to 3 mm thick plastic sheet, z. B. of PVC or FPO, may exist and with which the strip 5 is glued or welded.

Of course, corresponding threaded holes in the bottom wall 2 'could be prepared and the screw 6 could be a normal threaded screw. In addition, a plurality of fastening elements or clamping screws 6 can be provided between clamping plate 9 and retaining element 1 or 1 '. As can be seen, for example, in the plan view according to FIG. 6, instead of the central clamping screw 6, a respective clamping screw could be arranged between each two adjacent plates, i. in the cross-section extending from the screw gap area between the plates 15 could be provided in each of the column a screw and the screw 6 in the center could be omitted or additionally provided, if this seems necessary for reasons of stability of the system especially at high wind loads ,

In Figure 7 is still an alternative mounting option of the plates in a correspondingly changed grid arrangement of the holding elements 1 (the position is reproduced here by the clamping plates 9) is realized. Instead of a single holding element 1 in an area where four adjacent plates with (except for a deliberately released gap) abut one another could four holding elements offset slightly from the corner area in each case only between two of the four adjacent plates are arranged, as shown in Figure 7. It is understood that the positioning of the holding elements and clamping plates 9 is shown here only schematically and that the distance between each individual holding element or each individual clamping plate 9 of the respective associated corners of the two plates 15 could be substantially larger than shown in Figure 7 is. The holding elements 1 are expediently displaced relative to one another and from the region of the plate corners so far that the sections 5a, 5b of the strips 5 of adjacent holding elements 1 projecting from the corresponding box profiles or over the edges of the bottom wall do not overlap one another.

Again, instead of a screw 6 and two screws (or more) may be provided at a distance from each other for the connection of the clamping plate 9 with the underlying holding element 1.

It is understood that these arrangements can be realized with any type of holding element, in particular both with the holding element 1 and with the holding element 1 'shown in Figure 5.

Figure 8 shows the above-mentioned grid arrangement of holding elements of the plates 15 on a correspondingly larger roof area, which is not reproduced here. The repeating distance of the holding elements 1 in the longitudinal and transverse directions corresponds exactly to the width or length of the individual plates 15 plus the width of the gap s to be provided between adjacent plates s. In Figure 8, therefore, a fastening is shown, as exemplified to Figure 6 has been explained. It is understood that each of the holding elements 1 in Figure 8 could also be replaced by two or four each along the column S (with the gap or the gap width s) relative to the position shown displaced holding elements 1, for example, as shown in Figure 7 To realize fastening. In each case, two of the plate-shaped elements 9 and the holding elements 1, 1 'arranged underneath could optionally also be left out. For example, the two holding elements or clamping plates 9 arranged above the horizontal gap S in the middle could be omitted in FIG , along the vertical gap S arranged clamping plates 9 and holding elements sufficient for the attachment. In this case, the holding elements 1 would be replaced in Figure 8 by two each above and below the position shown arranged holding elements. Of course, one of the retaining elements can then be omitted at the upper and lower edges of the total area. In addition, at the edges, the positions of the holding elements 1 with respect to the otherwise provided grid size vary so that the clamping plates 9 not only clamp on one side, ie the clamping plates arranged at the edges could each be moved in the direction of the column, they bridge. In the corner areas of the total field, or generally there, where a corresponding displacement is not possible or not desirable is that would lead to a bilateral or symmetrical loading of the clamping plate, instead of a plate-shaped component on the free side of the clamping plate, a corresponding spacer with the thickness of the plate 15 is clamped to ensure a uniform surface loading of the clamped plate 15.

FIG. 9 again shows an alternative embodiment of a holding element 1 ", which in this case is not a completely closed box section but a so-called C-profile, which has only parts of a bottom wall 2" on the right and left. Such holding elements 1 "can be mounted in the same way on a roof surface, as the holding elements shown in Figures 1 to 4 and also could in the embodiment shown in Figure 9, the role of the upper support element 7 and the lower bottom wall 2" without Furthermore, it can be exchanged since the fastening of clamping screws is also readily possible on supporting elements which correspond to the opposing wall sections 2 "in Figure 9. It is understood that the concrete shape of the retaining elements 1, 1 'or 1" is changed in many ways and that according to the present invention it is only important that the retaining element has a bottom wall which can be securely fixed on a roof surface by means of a strip of flexible material overlying it.

Of course, with such a system a variety of plate-shaped components can be mounted on a roof surface, which can also serve very different purposes, in the attachment of solar modules and in particular of so-called CIS modules is currently seen an essential area of application.

FIG. 10 shows a frame element 50, which can likewise be provided with a fastening device according to the invention. The generally designated 50 frame member consists of a bottom support 51, a module carrier 52 and cross members 53, 54. In this case, the cross member 54 connects the two right ends of the bottom support 51 and the module carrier 52 and the opposite the cross member 54 shorter cross member 53 connects the bottom support and Module carrier in a central region in such a way that the other two free ends of bottom support 51 and module support 52 touch each other and, for example, welded together or can be screwed. Overall, the frame member 50 in the side view has the shape of a rectangular triangle at a very acute angle α at a corner, which is only about 8 ° to 10 °, but can be arbitrarily adjusted by the length ratios between the cross members 53, 54 and the bottom support and the module carrier changes accordingly. Typically, a plurality of such frame members 50 are arranged side-by-side in parallel (ie in a direction perpendicular to the paper plane) and interconnected by transverse beams 55, which in the present embodiment are special aluminum profiles which in turn can accommodate special module holders 59 designed to support particular solar modules 15 are. As can be seen in FIG. 10, the bottom support 51 in the present case (similar to FIG. 4) does not rest directly on the roof skin 32, but rather some spacers 56 are arranged between the bottom support 51 and the roof skin 32, which are in particular elastic or elastic . are compliant and can compensate for any unevenness of the roof surface and thus help to avoid damage to the roof by the generally made of metal floor support 51. As in the case of the embodiment of Figure 4, these documents or spacers may consist of nonwoven webs. The hatched portions of the floor support 51 define attachment portions over which flexible strips 5 extend, but which are not shown here.

Finally, FIG. 11 shows a detail from FIG. 10 in a perspective view. It can be seen a mounting portion 57 of a floor support 51 above a roof skin 32, wherein in the (hidden) mounting portion 57, a flexible strip 5 fits tightly against the top and the opposite vertical side surfaces of the floor support and with the surface 31 of the roof skin 32 is firmly bonded. At the same time, the strip 5 can of course also be glued to the side surfaces and / or the top side of the bottom support 51 encompassed by it.

For purposes of the original disclosure, the claims of the German patent application, the priority of which is claimed for the present international patent application, are reproduced below as concise summary statements of the subject of the underlying invention.

1. In a method for fixing a holding element (1) on a roof (30), wherein the holding element (1) has at least one bottom wall (2), which is placed with its underside on a roof surface (31), it is provided that the bottom wall (2) has at least two opposite, free edge sections (3) and an upper side (4) freely accessible between these edge sections (3), and that a flexible strip (5) is placed on the freely accessible upper side (4) extends over the opposite edge portions (3), wherein over the edge portions (3) protruding portions (5a, 5b) of the flexible strip (5) without penetration of the outer roof sealing layer connected to the roof surface, in particular welded or glued. 2. Furthermore, according to one embodiment, the sections (5a, 5b) of the strip (5) which can be connected to the roof surface (31) are connected to the roof surface (31) over a surface area of at least approximately 20 cm ² , preferably at least 100 cm ² become.

3. Furthermore, according to one embodiment, the portions of the strip (5) connectable to the roof surface (31) can be connected to the roof surface (31) on each side of the bottom wall (2).

4. Furthermore, according to one embodiment, a plurality of holding elements (1) in a grid on a roof surface (31) are fixed, wherein the grid (or grid dimensions) the side lengths of rectangular, plate-shaped components (15) plus a gap (s) corresponds ( correspond).

5. A holding element, in particular for on a roof (30) to be arranged, plate-shaped components, wherein the holding element (1) has at least one bottom wall (2), which is placed with its underside on a roof surface (31), according to the present invention designed so that the bottom wall (1) has at least two opposite, free edge portions (3) and between these edge portions (3) freely accessible top (4) and that on the freely accessible top (4) a flexible strip (5) is that extends over the opposite edge portions (3), wherein the over the edge portions (3) protruding portions (5a, 5b) of the flexible strip (5) without penetration of an outer Dachabdichtungsschicht with a roof surface are connectable, in particular glued or welded can be.

6. The portions of the strip (5) connectable to the roof surface (31) together may have an area of at least 20 cm ² , preferably at least 100 cm ² .

7. Furthermore, the sections (5a, 5b) of the flexible strip (5) which project beyond the edge sections (3) can each have approximately the same area.

8. The top of the strip (5) in its the bottom wall (2) overlapping region (5c) may be formed as a support surface for the support of at least one plate-shaped component (15) or by an additional support element (7 ') for receiving a plate-shaped component (15).

9. The bottom wall (2) for receiving fastening elements (6) can be designed to fasten a plate-shaped component (15). 10. From the bottom wall (2) and adjacent to the strip (5) may extend a support element (8) for supporting a support element (7) at a distance above the top (4) of the bottom wall (2).

11. The bottom wall (2) may have a bottom and an upper surface each having a surface of at least 10 cm ² and a width of at least 3 cm measured perpendicular to the extension of the strip (5).

12. The bottom wall (2) may also have an area of at least 20 cm ² and a width of at least 4 cm.

13. The retaining element may be formed as a hollow box or C-profile.

The upper surface (7a) of the support element (7) can be designed to receive at least a portion of a plate-shaped component (15).

15. The support element (7) may be made of metal, in particular aluminum or an aluminum alloy.

16. The support element (7) may alternatively be made of plastic, in particular of a fiber-reinforced thermoplastic material.

17. The strip (5) may consist of a thermoplastic material, in particular flexible polyolefin (FPO) and reinforced by fiber or fabric material.

18. The holding element may consist of a plastic material, in particular of FPO, and the strip (5) may be integrally formed on the bottom wall (2) of the holding element (1).

19. The present application thus describes a system for mounting plate-shaped components on a roof by means of fastened on the roof surface holding elements, wherein the above-defined holding elements are used, which are arranged in a grid which the edge lengths of the plate-shaped components (15) plus a Gap (s) corresponds, with the aid of their strips (5) firmly connected to the roof surface, in particular by gluing or welding, wherein the plate-shaped components (15) are placed on the arranged in grid holding elements (1), so that each of the plate-shaped Components on at least four retaining elements (1) rests, wherein optionally also a plurality of plate-shaped components (15) together adjacent to each other rest on a holding element, and wherein a clamping plate (9) in the region of the holding elements (1) on top of the plate-shaped components (15) on- placed and connected via a fastening element with the holding element (1), so as to clamp the plate-shaped components (15) on the holding element (1).

20. In this system, the grid of the holding elements can be selected such that a plate-shaped component rests in each case with one of its four corner regions on a partial surface of each holding element without completely covering one of the holding elements.

21. The holding elements may be arranged in a grid so that, apart from edge regions, two adjacent plate-shaped components (15) are separated by a gap on each holding element, wherein the holding elements are each arranged at a distance from the corners of the plate-shaped components and wherein each gap between two adjacent holding elements is bridged by at least two holding elements.

Claims

claims

1. A method for fixing a holding element (1) on a roof (30), wherein the holding element (1) has at least one bottom wall (2) with its underside on a roof surface (31) can be placed, characterized in that the bottom wall (2) at least two opposite, free edge portions (3) and between these edge portions (3) freely accessible upper side (4), and that on the freely accessible upper side (4) a flexible strip (5) is placed over the opposite edge portions (3) extends away, wherein over the edge portions (3) protruding portions (5a, 5b) of the flexible strip (5) without penetration of the outer roof sealing layer connected to the roof surface, in particular welded or glued.

2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the with the roof surface (31) connectable portions (5a, 5b) of the strip (5) on an area of at least about 20 cm ² , preferably at least 100 cm ² with the roof surface (31).

3. The method according to any one of claims 1 or 2, characterized in that the with the roof surface (31) connectable portions of the strip (5) on both sides of the bottom wall (2) are connected in each case in approximately equal connecting surfaces with the roof surface (31) ,

4. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that a plurality of holding elements (1) are fixed in a grid on a roof surface (31), wherein the grid dimension (or grid dimensions) the side lengths of rectangular, plate-shaped components (15) plus a gap (s) corresponds to (correspond).

5. holding element (in particular for on a roof (30) to be arranged, plate-shaped components, wherein the holding elements (1) has at least one bottom wall (2) which is placed with its underside on a roof surface (31), characterized in that the bottom wall (1) has at least two opposite, free edge portions (3) and between these edge portions (3) freely accessible upper side (4) and that on the freely accessible upper side (4) a flexible strip (5) is arranged, which extends over the extending over the edge portions (3) protruding portions (5a, 5b) of the flexible strip (5) without penetration of an outer Dachabdichtungsschicht with a roof surface are connected, in particular glued or welded.

6. Retaining element according to claim 5, characterized in that with the roof surface (31) connectable portions of the strip (5) together have an area of at least 20 cm ² , preferably at least 100 cm ² .

7. Retaining element according to claim 5 or 6, characterized in that over the edge portions (3) projecting portions (5a, 5b) of the flexible strip (5) each have approximately the same area.

8. Retaining element according to one of claims 5 to 7, characterized in that the top of the strip (5) in its the bottom wall (2) overlapping region (5 c) is formed as a support surface for the support of at least one plate-shaped component (15) or through an additional support element (7 ') for receiving a plate-shaped component (15) is covered.

9. Retaining element according to one of claims 6 to 8, characterized in that the bottom wall (2) for receiving fastening elements (6) for fixing a plate-shaped component (15) is designed.

10. Retaining element according to one of claims 5 to 9, characterized in that from the bottom wall (2) and adjacent to the strip (5) has a support element (8) for supporting a support element (7) at a distance above the top (4) the bottom wall (2) extends.

11. Retaining element according to one of claims 5 to 10, characterized in that the bottom wall (2) has a bottom and an upper side with an area of at least 10 cm ² and a perpendicular to the extension of the strip (5) measured width of at least 3 cm Has.

12. Retaining element according to claim 11, characterized in that the bottom wall (2) has an area of at least 20 cm ² and a width of at least 4 cm.

13. Retaining element according to one of claims 5 to 12, characterized in that the holding element is designed as a hollow box or C-profile.

14 holding element according to one of claims 5 to 13, characterized in that the upper surface (7a) of the support element (7) for receiving at least a portion of a plate-shaped component (15) is formed.

15. Retaining element according to one of claims 5 to 14, characterized in that the support element (7) consists of metal, in particular aluminum or an aluminum alloy.

16. Retaining element according to one of claims 5 to 15, characterized in that the support element (7) made of plastic, in particular consists of a fiber-reinforced thermoplastic material.

17. Retaining element according to one of claims 5 to 16, characterized in that the strip (5) consists of a thermoplastic material, in particular flexible polyolefin (FPO) and is reinforced by fiber or fabric material.

18. Retaining element according to one of claims 1 to 14 or 16 or 17, characterized in that the holding element consists of a plastic material, in particular of FPO, and in that the strip (5) to the bottom wall (2) of the holding element (1) in one piece is formed.

19. A system for fixing plate-shaped components on a roof by means of attachable to the roof surface holding elements, characterized in that holding elements are used according to one of claims 5 to 18, which are arranged in a grid which the edge lengths of the plate-shaped components (15). plus a gap (s) corresponds, are firmly connected by means of their strips (5) with the roof surface, in particular by gluing or welding, wherein the plate-shaped components (15) are placed on the holding elements arranged in the grid (1), so that each the plate-shaped components rests on at least four holding elements (1), optionally also a plurality of plate-shaped components (15) lie together next to each other on a holding element, and wherein a clamping plate (9) in the region of the holding elements (1) on the top of the plate-shaped components ( 15) and placed over a Befestigungsse Lement is connected to the holding element (1), so as to clamp the plate-shaped components (15) on the holding element (1).

20. System according to claim 19, characterized in that the grid of the holding elements is selected such that a plate-shaped component rests in each case with one of its four corner regions on a partial surface of each holding element without completely cover one of the holding elements.

21. System according to claim 19, characterized in that the holding elements are arranged in a grid such that, apart from edge regions, on each holding element two separate by a gap, adjacent plate-shaped components (15) rest, wherein the holding elements are each arranged at a distance from the corners of the plate-shaped components and wherein each gap between two adjacent holding elements is bridged by at least two holding elements.

22. Fastening device with a holding element (1) on a roof (10), wherein the holding element (1) has at least one bottom wall part (2), with its underside on a roof surface (1 1) can be placed, wherein the holding element at least two opposite free edge portions (3) on the upper side of the bottom wall part and between these edge portions (3) freely accessible upper side (4), characterized in that on the freely accessible upper side (4) as a fastening element, a flexible strip (5) is placed extending over the opposite edge portions (3) of the bottom wall part, the portions of the flexible strip (5) projecting beyond the edge sections (3) being configured as fastening elements on a roof surface without penetrating the outer roof skin with the roof surface (11 ), in particular welded or glued.

23. Fastening device according to claim 22, characterized in that the holding element has a double-walled bottom wall, wherein the flexible strip extends on top of the double-walled bottom part and beyond its opposite edges or edges.

24. Fastening device according to claim 22, characterized in that the bottom wall as a tube, in particular as a rectangular tube, formed and part of a above the bottom wall extending frame construction, which is designed for the reception of solar modules.

25. Fastening device according to one of claims 22 - 24, characterized in that the frame structure has beams or spars, which define an inclined to the roof surface receiving plane for solar modules.

26. Fastening device according to one of claims 22 - 25, characterized in that the frame construction consists of a triangular or quadrangular frame elements in a side view with a parallel to a roof surface extending bottom support and an inclined to the bottom support module carrier, at one end directly or through a short transverse piece and at the other end are connected to each other by a longer crosspiece, so that bottom support, module carrier and transverse piece (s) define an acute-angled triangle or a trapezoid or quadrilateral whose crosspieces are significantly shorter than the bottom support or the module support.

27. Fastening device according to one of claims 22 - 26, characterized in that bottom support and module carrier form an angle between 5 and 40 ° with each other.

28. Fastening device according to claim 27, characterized in that bottom support and module carrier form an angle between 10 ° and 20 ° with each other.

29. Fastening device according to one of claims 22 - 28, characterized in that a plurality of frame elements are connected to a frame structure with each other, which has a relation to the roof surface inclined mounting plane for the attachment of solar modules.

30. Fastening device according to one of claims 22-29, characterized in that the roof is a lightweight roof and the outer roof surface is made of plastic, wherein a plurality of fasteners extending transversely across shelf supports away and glued to your over the bottom support projecting beyond sections on the roof membrane or welded are.