EP2102549B1 - Rotary furnace burner - Google Patents

Rotary furnace burner Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2102549B1
EP2102549B1 EP07856970.4A EP07856970A EP2102549B1 EP 2102549 B1 EP2102549 B1 EP 2102549B1 EP 07856970 A EP07856970 A EP 07856970A EP 2102549 B1 EP2102549 B1 EP 2102549B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
burner
air
rotary
tube
expansion chamber
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EP07856970.4A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP2102549A1 (en
Inventor
Ernst Schröder
Alexander Knoch
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KHD Humboldt Wedag AG
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KHD Humboldt Wedag AG
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Priority to PL07856970T priority Critical patent/PL2102549T3/en
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23D—BURNERS
    • F23D1/00—Burners for combustion of pulverulent fuel
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23C—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING FLUID FUEL OR SOLID FUEL SUSPENDED IN  A CARRIER GAS OR AIR 
    • F23C6/00—Combustion apparatus characterised by the combination of two or more combustion chambers or combustion zones, e.g. for staged combustion
    • F23C6/04—Combustion apparatus characterised by the combination of two or more combustion chambers or combustion zones, e.g. for staged combustion in series connection
    • F23C6/045—Combustion apparatus characterised by the combination of two or more combustion chambers or combustion zones, e.g. for staged combustion in series connection with staged combustion in a single enclosure
    • F23C6/047—Combustion apparatus characterised by the combination of two or more combustion chambers or combustion zones, e.g. for staged combustion in series connection with staged combustion in a single enclosure with fuel supply in stages
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23D—BURNERS
    • F23D17/00—Burners for combustion conjointly or alternatively of gaseous or liquid or pulverulent fuel
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G5/00—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor
    • F23G5/20—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor having rotating or oscillating drums
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G7/00—Incinerators or other apparatus for consuming industrial waste, e.g. chemicals
    • F23G7/12—Incinerators or other apparatus for consuming industrial waste, e.g. chemicals of plastics, e.g. rubber
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23D—BURNERS
    • F23D2201/00—Burners adapted for particulate solid or pulverulent fuels
    • F23D2201/10—Nozzle tips
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G2900/00—Special features of, or arrangements for incinerators
    • F23G2900/54402—Injecting fluid waste into incinerator

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a rotary kiln burner with an annularly disposed within a combustion liner tube channel for transporting a primary fuel, which flows through an annular gap with low outwardly diverging angle from the rotary kiln burner and is surrounded by both a radially inward and radially outwardly located combustion air duct, both Air streams from the combustion air ducts form the primary air for the rotary kiln burner and wherein the radially inner combustion air duct is equipped at its mouth with a swirl generator and the radially outer combustion air duct feeds primary air axially parallel to a burner flame.
  • calcined cement raw meal is fired into cement clinker in the sintering zone of a rotary kiln.
  • a long burner lance is inserted into the kiln outlet end through the stationary kiln outlet casing, at the mouth of which the combustibles introduced into the lance burn to form a burner flame.
  • clinker mineral formation in the rotary kiln it depends on the correct temperature, length and other design of the burner flame.
  • Known rotary kiln burners are often designed as so-called three-channel burners (eg. DE 43 19 363 A1 ), with at least three mutually concentric channels, ie through the middle burner channel flows as fuel, the pneumatically transported pulverized coal, which exits through an annular gap, the outflowing coal dust is surrounded by radially inner as well as radially outer primary air as combustion air.
  • the radially outer air also called jet air
  • jet air is subdivided into many individual high-speed primary air jets by means of a plurality of individual jets arranged in the annular jet air duct which generate a negative pressure area in their vicinity, ie the many high-speed primary jets serve as propulsion jets according to the injector principle the large mass of the rotary kiln burner surrounding, practically stationary hot secondary air of z. B. is sucked inwards towards the core of the burner flame about 1000 ° C, where intensive mixing of the hot secondary air takes place with the exiting through the annular nozzle coal dust, which is to burn quickly and completely to form a short hot flame.
  • the invention has for its object to provide a rotary kiln burner, in which the amount of usable low-cost secondary fuels to be used can increase as an energy source and influence on the design of the burner flame can be taken.
  • an expansion chamber open towards the burner mouth is arranged in front of the mouth of the at least one tube for blowing out the lumpy secondary fuels in the burner with an enlarged cross-section compared to the secondary fuel pipe. That is, the pneumatically transported via one or more injection tubes blown particulate secondary fuels first enter into an expansion chamber expanded in cross-section, from which then the with Prolonged residence time pre-oxidized particulate secondary fuels at the burner mouth at a significantly reduced speed in the flame cone of the burner flame occur. The risk of particles of the secondary fuel jet passing unburned past the burner flame is minimized. In any case, in the burner according to the invention, the amount of usable low-cost secondary fuels as energy carriers can be significantly increased and a portion of the relatively expensive primary fuel can be saved.
  • the axial length of the expansion chamber is variable by axial displacement of the secondary fuel tube (s) during burner operation.
  • the volume of the expansion chamber, the pre-oxidation of lumpy secondary fuels in the expansion chamber, the flow rate reduction in the expansion chamber and the spatial outlet angle of the secondary fuel jet influence are taken in such a way that the lumpy secondary fuels within the burner flame with the desired Burn out the flame configuration.
  • a separate swirl generator can be arranged at the outlet of the / the secondary fuel tubes in the expansion chamber for the rotation of the secondary fuels already in the expansion chamber.
  • the swirl generator can consist of a component attached to the outlet of the secondary fuel tube and through which the secondary fuels flow, which has circumferentially distributed swirl slots through which additional primary air blown through the burner flows, the latter having its angular momentum in the expansion chamber transmits to the blown-off secondary fuels.
  • the rotary kiln burner according to the invention is first a three-channel burner with a ring-shaped channel 10 for the pneumatic transport of a fine-grained solid fuel such.
  • a fine-grained solid fuel such as coal dust, which flows through an annular gap nozzle 11 with a small outwardly diverging angle.
  • the coal dust channel 10 is concentrically surrounded both by a radially inwardly and radially outwardly located combustion air channel, these combustion air streams forming the primary air for the burner.
  • the concentrically disposed within the coal dust channel 10 primary air channel 12 is at its mouth with a swirl generator 13 z. B. equipped with spiral slots, so that this radially inner primary air duct is also called swirl air duct.
  • the radially outer primary air also called jet air
  • jet air is distributed over axis-parallel distributed about the burner axis jet air tubes 14 and it occurs at high speed in the form of jets from individual distributed around the circumference of the burner mouth arranged jet air nozzles 15, z. B. 12 pieces.
  • the high-speed jet air jets which are capable of as much as possible of the rotary kiln burner in the rotary kiln surrounding hot secondary air of z. B. 1000 ° C in the core of the burner flame in order to absorb quick and complete fuel combustion, should meet the fuel cone or the burner flame at an optimal location in order to achieve great flame turbulence.
  • Cooling air is blown through the burner in the annular space between the outer combustion support tube 16 and the pulverulent coal tube 17 concentrically arranged, which flows out at the burner mouth in the region between the adjacent jet air nozzles 15, where then the cooling air heated at the burner lance forms a portion of the primary air.
  • the annular cooling air channel is designated by the reference numeral 18.
  • the combustion support tube 16 is in any case in the front burner lance region by an applied in Fig. 2 Protected refractory mass not shown.
  • a central pilot burner in which in a conventional burner, a central pilot burner can be used, according to the embodiment of Fig. 2 z. B.
  • an expansion chamber 21 open toward the burner mouth is arranged in the burner with an enlarged cross-section compared to the tube cross-sections.
  • the lumped secondary fuels 25 blown in via the tubes 19, 20 are first allowed to exit into the expansion chamber 21, from which the lumped secondary fuels preheated there with prolonged residence time then enter the flame cone of the burner flame at a markedly reduced velocity at the burner mouth. while minimizing the risk of the lumps of secondary fuel particles moving past the flame.
  • the amount of usable low-priced particulate secondary fuels such.
  • waste plastic granules significantly increase as energy and part of the relatively expensive primary fuel, eg. B. save coal dust.
  • the mixing of the blown lumped secondary fuels into the burner flame and their design can be further influenced by the fact that at the mouth of the secondary fuel tubes 19, 20 in the expansion chamber 21 a separate swirl generator 23 is arranged for the rotation of the secondary fuels already in the expansion chamber 21 Fig. 2 consists of this swirl generator 23 from one of the outlets of the secondary fuel tubes 19, 20 and flowed through by the secondary fuel component having circumferentially distributed swirl slots, which are flowed through by additional blown by the burner primary air, which introduced via the annular channel 24 in the burner is and transfers its angular momentum in the expansion chamber 21 to the blown lumped secondary fuels.
  • This measure also contributes to the fact that the relatively large amount of lumped secondary fuels to be used does not undesirably pass the burner flame in the rotary kiln burner according to the invention but burns out in the burner flame.
  • Fig. 1 In the schematic representation of Fig. 1 are introduced into the rotary kiln burner according to the invention lumped secondary fuels as in Fig. 2 symbolized by the big arrow 25. Further, there is shown schematically that the desired distance 26 of the beginning of the flame root 27 to the burner mouth in a range of about 300 to about 800 mm also with the help of the adjustable axial length of the expansion chamber 21 and the angular momentum of the blown secondary fuels and possibly in dependence on other parameters even during burner operation is adjustable.
  • the rotary kiln burner according to the invention is suitable for the proportion of used relatively expensive primary fuel z.
  • coal dust as solid fuel or oil and reduce the proportion of inexpensive alternative fuels such as lumpy waste fuels such.

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft einen Drehofenbrenner mit einem innerhalb eines Brennertragrohres ringförmig angeordneten Kanal zum Transport eines Primärbrennstoffs, welcher durch eine Ringspaltdüse mit geringem nach außen divergierenden Winkel aus dem Drehofenbrenner ausströmt und sowohl von einem radial innen wie auch einem radial außen gelegenen Brennluftkanal umgeben ist, wobei beide Luftströme aus den Brennluftkanälen die Primärluft für den Drehofenbrenner bilden und wobei der radial innen liegende Brennluftkanal an seiner Ausmündung mit einem Drallerzeuger ausgestattet ist und der radial außen liegende Brennluftkanal Primärluft achsparallel einer Brennerflamme zuführt.The invention relates to a rotary kiln burner with an annularly disposed within a combustion liner tube channel for transporting a primary fuel, which flows through an annular gap with low outwardly diverging angle from the rotary kiln burner and is surrounded by both a radially inward and radially outwardly located combustion air duct, both Air streams from the combustion air ducts form the primary air for the rotary kiln burner and wherein the radially inner combustion air duct is equipped at its mouth with a swirl generator and the radially outer combustion air duct feeds primary air axially parallel to a burner flame.

Bei einer Zementklinkerproduktionslinie wird calciniertes Zementrohmehl in der Sinterzone eines Drehrohrofens zu Zementklinker gebrannt. Zur Beheizung des Drehrohrofens ist in das Ofenauslaufende durch das stationäre Ofenauslaufgehäuse hindurch eine lange Brennerlanze eingeführt, an deren Ausmündung die in die Lanze eingeführten Brennstoffe unter Bildung einer Brennerflamme verbrennen. Bei der Klinkermineralbildung im Drehrohrofen kommt es auf die richtige Temperatur, Länge und sonstige Gestaltung der Brennerflamme an. Die Entwicklung geht dahin, durch hochgradige Calcination des Zementrohmehls außerhalb des Drehrohrofens den Drehrohrofen selbst möglichst kurz zu bauen, so dass in Reaktion hierauf die Brennerflamme in der Regel möglichst kurz und heiß sein soll. Als Brennstoffe werden statt flüssige und gasförmige Brennstoffe immer häufiger Festbrennstoffe, insbesondere Kohlenstaub, aber in letzter Zeit auch pneumatisch transportierbare stückige Abfallbrennstoffe wie z. B. Abfallkunststoffgranulate etc. als Sekundärbrennstoffe eingesetzt.In a cement clinker production line, calcined cement raw meal is fired into cement clinker in the sintering zone of a rotary kiln. To heat the rotary kiln, a long burner lance is inserted into the kiln outlet end through the stationary kiln outlet casing, at the mouth of which the combustibles introduced into the lance burn to form a burner flame. In the case of clinker mineral formation in the rotary kiln, it depends on the correct temperature, length and other design of the burner flame. The development is going to build as short as possible by high-grade calcination of cement raw meal outside the rotary kiln, the rotary kiln itself, so that in response to the burner flame should usually be as short and hot as possible. As fuels are used instead of liquid and gaseous fuels Solid fuel increasingly, especially coal dust, but lately also pneumatically transportable lumpy waste fuels such. As waste plastic granules, etc. used as secondary fuels.

Bekannte Drehofenbrenner sind oft als sogenannte Dreikanalbrenner ausgebildet (z. B. DE 43 19 363 A1 ), mit wenigstens drei zueinander konzentrischen Kanälen, d. h. durch den mittleren Brennerkanal strömt als Brennstoff der pneumatisch transportierte Kohlenstaub, der durch eine Ringspaltdüse austritt, wobei der ausströmende Kohlenstaub von radial innerer als auch von radial äußerer Primärluft als Brennluft umgeben ist. Die radial äußere Luft, auch Jetluft genannt, wird mittels einer Vielzahl im ringförmigen Jetluftkanal angeordneter einzelner Düsen in viele einzelne Hochgeschwindigkeits-Primärluftstrahlen unterteilt, die in ihrer Umgebung einer Unterdruckgebiet erzeugen, d. h. die vielen Hochgeschwindigkeits-Primärluftstrahlen dienen als Treibstrahlen nach dem Injektorprinzip, durch welches die große Masse der den Drehofenbrenner umgebenden, praktisch ruhenden heißen Sekundärluft von z. B. etwa 1000° C nach innen in Richtung zum Kern der Brennerflamme eingesaugt wird, wo eine intensive Durchmischung der heißen Sekundärluft mit dem durch die Ringspaltdüse austretenden Kohlenstaub stattfindet, der schnell und vollständig unter Ausbildung einer kurzen heißen Flamme verbrennen soll.Known rotary kiln burners are often designed as so-called three-channel burners (eg. DE 43 19 363 A1 ), with at least three mutually concentric channels, ie through the middle burner channel flows as fuel, the pneumatically transported pulverized coal, which exits through an annular gap, the outflowing coal dust is surrounded by radially inner as well as radially outer primary air as combustion air. The radially outer air, also called jet air, is subdivided into many individual high-speed primary air jets by means of a plurality of individual jets arranged in the annular jet air duct which generate a negative pressure area in their vicinity, ie the many high-speed primary jets serve as propulsion jets according to the injector principle the large mass of the rotary kiln burner surrounding, practically stationary hot secondary air of z. B. is sucked inwards towards the core of the burner flame about 1000 ° C, where intensive mixing of the hot secondary air takes place with the exiting through the annular nozzle coal dust, which is to burn quickly and completely to form a short hot flame.

Bei dem bekannten Dreikanalbrenner wäre es nicht möglich, durch den Kohlenstaubkanal mit seiner Ringspaltdüse stückigen Sekundärbrennstoff einzublasen, welche die Ringspaltdüse verstopfen würden. Man hat daher bereits versucht, durch das Zentralrohr des Brenners, in welches ein zentraler Zündbrenner einsetzbar ist, stückigen Sekundärbrennstoff durchzublasen, der dann allerdings als kompakter Strahl austritt, in welchem der stückige Brennstoff sich wenig auffächert, im Drehrohrofen zu weit fliegt, eine zu lange Flamme bildet und nicht oder zu spät ausbrennt. Ferner hat man versucht, die eingeblasenen Sekundärbrennstoffe an der Mündung der Brennerlanze in Rotation zu versetzen, was zur Folge hat, dass besonders die großen und spezifisch schweren Sekundärbrennstoffstücke an die Peripherie geschleudert, jedenfalls aus dem Flammkegel herausgeschleudert werden, statt in der Flamme zu verbrennen.In the known three-channel burner, it would not be possible to inject lumpy secondary fuel through the coal dust channel with its annular gap nozzle, which would clog the annular gap nozzle. It has therefore already been attempted to blow through the central tube of the burner, in which a central pilot burner can be used, lumpy secondary fuel, but then emerges as a compact jet in which the lumpy fuel fanned out a little, in the rotary kiln flies too far, too long Flame forms and does not burn out or too late. Furthermore, attempts have been made to put the injected secondary fuels at the mouth of the burner lance in rotation, with the result that especially the large and specific heavy secondary fuel pieces thrown to the periphery, at least be ejected from the flame cone, instead of burning in the flame.

In der Druckschrift AT 410 584 B wird ein Brenner für Großfeuerungen, insbesondere Drehrohröfen, gelehrt, bei dem über ringförmige Kanäle für den Transport von Primärbrennstoff und Verbrennungsluft (ggf. verdrallt) hinaus ein oder mehrere Brennstoffkanäle für feste Sekundärbrennstoffe vorgesehen sind. Die darin befindliche Fördervorrichtung für den Sekundärbrennstoff kann dabei axial verschiebbar im Sekundärbrennstoffkanal sein.In the publication AT 410 584 B a burner for large combustion, in particular rotary kilns, taught in which over annular channels for the transport of primary fuel and combustion air (possibly twisted) one or more fuel channels for solid secondary fuels are provided. The conveying device for the secondary fuel located therein can be axially displaceable in the secondary fuel channel.

Der Erfindung liegt die Aufgabe zugrunde, einen Drehofenbrenner zu schaffen, bei dem sich der Mengenanteil an einzusetzenden preisgünstigen Sekundärbrennstoffen als Energieträger steigern lässt und Einfluss auf die Gestaltung der Brennerflamme genommen werden kann.The invention has for its object to provide a rotary kiln burner, in which the amount of usable low-cost secondary fuels to be used can increase as an energy source and influence on the design of the burner flame can be taken.

Diese Aufgabe wird gemäß der Erfindung mit einem Drehofenbrenner mit den Merkmalen des Anspruchs 1 gelöst. Vorteilhafte Ausgestaltungen der Erfindung sind in den Unteransprüchen angegeben.This object is achieved according to the invention with a rotary kiln burner with the features of claim 1. Advantageous embodiments of the invention are specified in the subclaims.

Beim erfindungsgemäßen Brenner ist vor der Ausmündung des wenigstens einen Rohres zur Ausblasung der stückigen Sekundärbrennstoffe im Brenner eine zur Brennermündung hin offene Expansionskammer mit im Vergleich zu dem Sekundärbrennstoffrohr erweitertem Querschnitt angeordnet. Das heißt die pneumatisch transportierten über ein oder mehrere Einblasrohre eingeblasenen stückigen Sekundärbrennstoffe treten zunächst in eine im Querschnitt erweiterte Expansionskammer ein, aus welcher dann die mit verlängerter Verweilzeit voroxidierten stückigen Sekundärbrennstoffe an der Brennermündung mit erheblich reduzierter Geschwindigkeit in den Flammkegel der Brennerflamme eintreten. Die Gefahr, dass Partikel des Sekundärbrennstoffstrahls unverbrannt an der Brennerflamme vorbeifliegen, ist minimiert. Jedenfalls lässt sich beim erfindungsgemäßen Brenner der Mengenanteil an einsetzbaren preisgünstigen Sekundärbrennstoffen als Energieträger deutlich steigern und ein Teil des vergleichsweise teuren Primärbrennstoffs einsparen.In the burner according to the invention, an expansion chamber open towards the burner mouth is arranged in front of the mouth of the at least one tube for blowing out the lumpy secondary fuels in the burner with an enlarged cross-section compared to the secondary fuel pipe. That is, the pneumatically transported via one or more injection tubes blown particulate secondary fuels first enter into an expansion chamber expanded in cross-section, from which then the with Prolonged residence time pre-oxidized particulate secondary fuels at the burner mouth at a significantly reduced speed in the flame cone of the burner flame occur. The risk of particles of the secondary fuel jet passing unburned past the burner flame is minimized. In any case, in the burner according to the invention, the amount of usable low-cost secondary fuels as energy carriers can be significantly increased and a portion of the relatively expensive primary fuel can be saved.

Die axiale Länge der Expansionskammer ist durch Axialverschiebung des/der Sekundärbrennstoff-Rohre während des Brennerbetriebes variierbar. Damit kann auf das Volumen der Expansionskammer, auf die Voroxidation der stückigen Sekundärbrennstoffe in der Expansionskammer, auf die Strömungsgeschwindigkeits-Reduzierung in der Expansionskammer sowie auf den räumlichen Austrittswinkel des Sekundärbrennstoffstrahls Einfluss genommen werden in der Weise, dass die stückigen Sekundärbrennstoffe innerhalb der Brennerflamme mit der gewünschten Flammkonfiguration ausbrennen.The axial length of the expansion chamber is variable by axial displacement of the secondary fuel tube (s) during burner operation. Thus, the volume of the expansion chamber, the pre-oxidation of lumpy secondary fuels in the expansion chamber, the flow rate reduction in the expansion chamber and the spatial outlet angle of the secondary fuel jet influence are taken in such a way that the lumpy secondary fuels within the burner flame with the desired Burn out the flame configuration.

Nach einem besonderen Merkmal der Erfindung kann an der Ausmündung des/der Sekundärbrennstoff-Rohre in die Expansionskammer ein eigener Drallerzeuger angeordnet sein zur Verdrallung der Sekundärbrennstoffe bereits in der Expansionskammer. Dabei kann der Drallerzeuger aus einem an die Ausmündung des/der Sekundärbrennstoff-Rohre angesetzten und von den Sekundärbrennstoffen durchströmten Bauteil bestehen, das über den Umfang verteilte Drallschlitze aufweist, die von zusätzlicher durch den Brenner geblasener Primärluft durchströmt sind, welch letztere ihren Drehimpuls in der Expansionskammer auf die ausgeblasenen Sekundärbrennstoffe überträgt. Durch den Drehimpuls der stückigen Sekundärbrennstoffe kann deren Einmischung in die Brennerflamme begünstigt werden. Außerdem kann auch damit immer die jeweils gewünschte Brennerflammengestalt eingestellt werden.According to a special feature of the invention, a separate swirl generator can be arranged at the outlet of the / the secondary fuel tubes in the expansion chamber for the rotation of the secondary fuels already in the expansion chamber. In this case, the swirl generator can consist of a component attached to the outlet of the secondary fuel tube and through which the secondary fuels flow, which has circumferentially distributed swirl slots through which additional primary air blown through the burner flows, the latter having its angular momentum in the expansion chamber transmits to the blown-off secondary fuels. By the angular momentum of the lumpy secondary fuels their interference in the burner flame can be favored. In addition, also always the respective desired burner flame shape can be adjusted.

Die Erfindung und deren weitere Merkmale und Vorteile werden anhand der in den Figuren schematisch dargestellten Ausführungsbeispiele näher erläutert.The invention and its further features and advantages will be explained in more detail with reference to the embodiments schematically illustrated in the figures.

Es zeigt:

Fig. 1:
schematisch einen Axialschnitt durch das Zentrum der Mündung des erfindungsgemäßen Drehofenbrenners mit eingesetzten stückigen Sekundärbrennstoffen, und
Fig. 2:
vergrößert herausgezeichnet und perspektivisch im Detail den Axialschnitt durch die Brennermündung, teilweise in Stirnansicht.
It shows:
Fig. 1:
schematically an axial section through the center of the mouth of the rotary kiln burner according to the invention with lumped secondary fuels used, and
Fig. 2:
enlarged drawn and perspective in detail the axial section through the burner mouth, partially in front view.

Beschrieben anhand der Figur 2 ist der erfindungsgemäße Drehofenbrenner zunächst ein Dreikanalbrenner mit einem ringförmig angeordneten Kanal 10 zum pneumatischen Transport eines feinkörnigen Festbrennstoffs wie z. B. Kohlenstaub, der durch eine Ringspaltdüse 11 mit geringem nach außen divergierenden Winkel ausströmt. Der Kohlenstaubkanal 10 ist konzentrisch sowohl von einem radial innen als auch von einem radial außen gelegenen Brennluftkanal umgeben, wobei diese Brennluftströme die Primärluft für den Brenner bilden. Der konzentrisch innerhalb des Kohlenstaubkanals 10 angeordnete Primärluftkanal 12 ist an seiner Ausmündung mit einem Drallerzeuger 13 z. B. mit Drallschlitzen ausgestattet, so dass dieser radial innen gelegene Primärluftkanal auch Drallluftkanal genannt wird. Die radial äußere Primärluft, auch Jetluft genannt, wird über achsparallel um die Brennerachse verteilt angeordnete Jetluftrohre 14 zugeführt und sie tritt mit hoher Geschwindigkeit in Form von Düsenstrahlen aus einzelnen um den Umfang der Brennermündung verteilt angeordneten Jetluftdüsen 15 aus, z. B. 12 Stück. Die Hochgeschwindigkeits-Jetluftstrahlen, die in der Lage sind, möglichst viel der den Drehofenbrenner im Drehrohrofen umgebenden heißen Sekundärluft von z. B. 1000° C in den Kern der Brennerflamme zwecks schneller und vollständiger Brennstoffverbrennung einzusaugen, sollen den Brennstoffkegel bzw. die Brennerflamme an einer optimalen Stelle zwecks Erzielung großer Flammenturbulenzen treffen.Described from the FIG. 2 the rotary kiln burner according to the invention is first a three-channel burner with a ring-shaped channel 10 for the pneumatic transport of a fine-grained solid fuel such. As coal dust, which flows through an annular gap nozzle 11 with a small outwardly diverging angle. The coal dust channel 10 is concentrically surrounded both by a radially inwardly and radially outwardly located combustion air channel, these combustion air streams forming the primary air for the burner. The concentrically disposed within the coal dust channel 10 primary air channel 12 is at its mouth with a swirl generator 13 z. B. equipped with spiral slots, so that this radially inner primary air duct is also called swirl air duct. The radially outer primary air, also called jet air, is distributed over axis-parallel distributed about the burner axis jet air tubes 14 and it occurs at high speed in the form of jets from individual distributed around the circumference of the burner mouth arranged jet air nozzles 15, z. B. 12 pieces. The high-speed jet air jets, which are capable of as much as possible of the rotary kiln burner in the rotary kiln surrounding hot secondary air of z. B. 1000 ° C in the core of the burner flame in order to absorb quick and complete fuel combustion, should meet the fuel cone or the burner flame at an optimal location in order to achieve great flame turbulence.

Im Ringraum zwischen dem außen liegenden Brennertragrohr 16 und dem konzentrisch dazu angeordneten Kohlenstaubrohr 17 wird Kühlluft durch den Brenner geblasen, die an der Brennermündung im Bereich zwischen den benachbarten Jetluftdüsen 15 ausströmt, wo dann die an der Brennerlanze erhitzte Kühlluft einen Anteil der Primärluft bildet. Der ringförmige Kühlluftkanal ist mit der Bezugsziffer 18 bezeichnet. Das Brennertragrohr 16 ist jedenfalls im vorderen Brennerlanzenbereich durch eine aufgebrachte in Fig. 2 nicht dargestellte Feuerfestmasse geschützt.Cooling air is blown through the burner in the annular space between the outer combustion support tube 16 and the pulverulent coal tube 17 concentrically arranged, which flows out at the burner mouth in the region between the adjacent jet air nozzles 15, where then the cooling air heated at the burner lance forms a portion of the primary air. The annular cooling air channel is designated by the reference numeral 18. The combustion support tube 16 is in any case in the front burner lance region by an applied in Fig. 2 Protected refractory mass not shown.

In das Zentralrohr des Brenners, in welches bei einem konventionellen Brenner ein zentraler Zündbrenner einsetzbar ist, sind gemäß Ausführungsbeispiel der Fig. 2 z. B. zwei Rohre 19, 20 zum pneumatischen Transport und Ausblasen von stückigen Alternativbrennstoffen bzw. Sekundärbrennstoffen an der Brennermündung eingeführt. Vor der Ausmündung der Rohre 19, 20 zur Ausblasung der Sekundärbrennstoffe ist im Brenner eine zur Brennermündung hin offene Expansionskammer 21 mit im Vergleich zu den Rohrquerschnitten erweitertem Querschnitt angeordnet. Das heißt beim erfindungsgemäßen Drehofenbrenner lässt man die über die Rohre 19, 20 eingeblasenen stückigen Sekundärbrennstoffe 25 zunächst in die Expansionskammer 21 austreten, aus welcher dann die dort mit verlängerter Verweilzeit voroxidierten stückigen Sekundärbrennstoffe mit deutlich reduzierter Geschwindigkeit an der Brennermündung in den Flammkegel der Brennerflamme eintreten, wobei die Gefahr des Vorbeifliegens stückiger Sekundärbrennstoffpartikel an der Flamme minimiert ist. Damit lässt sich beim erfindungsgemäßen Drehofenbrenner der Mengenanteil von einsetzbaren preisgünstigen stückigen Sekundärbrennstoffen wie z. B. Abfallkunststoffgranulate als Energieträger erheblich steigern und ein Teil des vergleichsweise teuren Primärbrennstoffs, z. B. Kohlenstaub einsparen.In the central tube of the burner, in which in a conventional burner, a central pilot burner can be used, according to the embodiment of Fig. 2 z. B. two tubes 19, 20 for pneumatic transport and blowing of lumpy alternative fuels or secondary fuels introduced at the burner mouth. In front of the mouth of the tubes 19, 20 for blowing out the secondary fuels, an expansion chamber 21 open toward the burner mouth is arranged in the burner with an enlarged cross-section compared to the tube cross-sections. That is to say in the rotary kiln burner according to the invention, the lumped secondary fuels 25 blown in via the tubes 19, 20 are first allowed to exit into the expansion chamber 21, from which the lumped secondary fuels preheated there with prolonged residence time then enter the flame cone of the burner flame at a markedly reduced velocity at the burner mouth. while minimizing the risk of the lumps of secondary fuel particles moving past the flame. This can be in the rotary kiln burner according to the invention, the amount of usable low-priced particulate secondary fuels such. As waste plastic granules significantly increase as energy and part of the relatively expensive primary fuel, eg. B. save coal dust.

Durch eine in Fig. 1 mit dem Doppelpfeil 22 angezeigte Axialverschiebung der Sekundärbrennstoff-Rohre 19, 20 kann die axiale Länge und das Volumen der Expansionskammer 21 während des Brennerbetriebes variiert werden. Auf diese Weise kann Einfluss genommen werden auf die Austrittsgeschwindigkeit, Flugweite und Voroxidation der an der Brennermündung ausgeblasenen stückigen Sekundärbrennstoffpartikel sowie auch auf die Gestaltung der Brennerflamme.By a in Fig. 1 With the double arrow 22 indicated axial displacement of the secondary fuel tubes 19, 20, the axial length and the volume of the expansion chamber 21 during burner operation can be varied. In this way, influence can be exerted on the exit velocity, flight distance and pre-oxidation of the lumped secondary fuel particles blown out at the burner mouth as well as on the design of the burner flame.

Das Einmischen der ausgeblasenen stückigen Sekundärbrennstoffe in die Brennerflamme sowie deren Gestaltung können noch dadurch beeinflusst werden, dass an der Ausmündung der Sekundärbrennstoffrohre 19, 20 in die Expansionskammer 21 ein eigener Drallerzeuger 23 angeordnet ist zur Verdrallung der Sekundärbrennstoffe bereits in der Expansionskammer 21. Gemäß Ausführungsbeispiel der Fig. 2 besteht dieser Drallerzeuger 23 aus einem an die Ausmündungen der Sekundärbrennstoffrohre 19, 20 angesetzten und von den Sekundärbrennstoffen durchströmten Bauteil, das über den Umfang verteilte Drallschlitze aufweist, die von zusätzlicher durch den Brenner geblasener Primärluft durchströmt sind, die über den Ringkanal 24 in den Brenner eingeführt wird und die ihren Drehimpuls in der Expansionskammer 21 auf die ausgeblasenen stückigen Sekundärbrennstoffe überträgt. Auch diese Maßnahme trägt dazu bei, dass beim erfindungsgemäßen Drehofenbrenner die vergleichsweise große Menge an einzusetzenden stückigen Sekundärbrennstoffen nicht in unerwünschter Weise an der Brennerflamme vorbeifliegt, sondern in der Brennerflamme ausbrennt.The mixing of the blown lumped secondary fuels into the burner flame and their design can be further influenced by the fact that at the mouth of the secondary fuel tubes 19, 20 in the expansion chamber 21 a separate swirl generator 23 is arranged for the rotation of the secondary fuels already in the expansion chamber 21 Fig. 2 consists of this swirl generator 23 from one of the outlets of the secondary fuel tubes 19, 20 and flowed through by the secondary fuel component having circumferentially distributed swirl slots, which are flowed through by additional blown by the burner primary air, which introduced via the annular channel 24 in the burner is and transfers its angular momentum in the expansion chamber 21 to the blown lumped secondary fuels. This measure also contributes to the fact that the relatively large amount of lumped secondary fuels to be used does not undesirably pass the burner flame in the rotary kiln burner according to the invention but burns out in the burner flame.

In der schematischen Darstellung der Fig. 1 sind die in den erfindungsgemäßen Drehofenbrenner eingeführten stückigen Sekundärbrennstoffe wie bei Fig. 2 mit dem großen Pfeil 25 symbolisiert. Ferner ist dort schematisch dargestellt, dass der gewünschte Abstand 26 des Beginns der Flammenwurzel 27 zur Brennermündung in einem Bereich von etwa 300 bis etwa 800 mm auch mit Hilfe der einstellbaren axialen Länge der Expansionskammer 21 sowie des Drehimpulses der ausgeblasenen Sekundärbrennstoffe und ggf. in Abhängigkeit von weiteren Parametern auch während des Brennerbetriebes einstellbar ist.In the schematic representation of Fig. 1 are introduced into the rotary kiln burner according to the invention lumped secondary fuels as in Fig. 2 symbolized by the big arrow 25. Further, there is shown schematically that the desired distance 26 of the beginning of the flame root 27 to the burner mouth in a range of about 300 to about 800 mm also with the help of the adjustable axial length of the expansion chamber 21 and the angular momentum of the blown secondary fuels and possibly in dependence on other parameters even during burner operation is adjustable.

In jedem Fall ist der erfindungsgemäße Drehofenbrenner dazu geeignet, den Mengenanteil an eingesetztem relativ teurem Primärbrennstoff z. B. Kohlenstaub als Festbrennstoff oder auch Öl zu reduzieren und dafür den Mengenanteil an preisgünstigen Alternativbrennstoffen wie stückige Abfallbrennstoffe wie z. B. Abfallkunststoffe, pneumatisch transportierbare Klärschlämme etc. zu erhöhen.In any case, the rotary kiln burner according to the invention is suitable for the proportion of used relatively expensive primary fuel z. As coal dust as solid fuel or oil and reduce the proportion of inexpensive alternative fuels such as lumpy waste fuels such. As waste plastics, pneumatically transportable sewage sludge, etc. to increase.

Claims (3)

  1. Rotary-furnace burner
    - comprising a duct (10) which is arranged annularly within a burner carrier tube (16) and intended for transporting a primary fuel,
    - which flows out from the rotary-furnace burner through an annular gap nozzle (11) at a slight outwardly diverging angle, and
    - is concentrically surrounded both by a radially inwardly located
    - and a radially outwardly located combustion-air duct,
    - wherein both air flows from the combustion-air ducts (12, 14) form the primary air for the rotary-furnace burner and
    - wherein the radially inwardly located combustion-air duct (12) is equipped at its outlet with a swirl generator (13) and
    - the radially outwardly located combustion-air duct feeds primary air to a burner flame in an axially parallel manner, wherein the primary air is fed via jet-air tubes (14) distributed in an axially parallel manner around the burner axis, and exits at high velocity in the form of nozzle jets from individual jet-air nozzles (15) distributed around the circumference of the burner mouth,
    characterized in that
    - at least one tube (19, 20) for pneumatically transporting and blowing out particulate secondary fuels (25) is provided in a central tube of the rotary-furnace burner and
    - opens in an expansion chamber (21) having a widened cross section by comparison with the cross section of the at least one tube (19, 20), and
    - in that the axial length and the volume of the expansion chamber (21) can be varied during the operation of the rotary-furnace burner by axial displacement of the secondary fuel tube or tubes (19, 20),
    - wherein the particulate secondary fuels (25) blown out of at least one tube (19, 20) enter the flame cone of the burner flame at a considerably reduced velocity through the effect of the expansion chamber (21).
  2. Rotary-furnace burner according to Claim 1, characterized in that there is arranged at the outlet of the at least one tube (19, 20) into the expansion chamber (21) a swirl generator (23) for swirling the secondary fuels even in the expansion chamber (21).
  3. Rotary-furnace burner according to Claim 2, characterized in that the swirl generator (23) consists of a component which is attached to the outlets of the at least one tube (19, 20) and through which the secondary fuels flow and which has swirl slots which are distributed over the circumference, through which swirl slots additional primary air (24) blown through the burner flows, which primary air transmits its rotary momentum in the expansion chamber (21) to the blown-out secondary fuels.
EP07856970.4A 2006-12-22 2007-12-20 Rotary furnace burner Active EP2102549B1 (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
PL07856970T PL2102549T3 (en) 2006-12-22 2007-12-20 Rotary furnace burner

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

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DE102006060867.4A DE102006060867B4 (en) 2006-12-22 2006-12-22 Rotary kiln burners
PCT/EP2007/011247 WO2008077576A1 (en) 2006-12-22 2007-12-20 Rotary furnace burner

Publications (2)

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EP2102549A1 EP2102549A1 (en) 2009-09-23
EP2102549B1 true EP2102549B1 (en) 2016-12-07

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US (1) US8393893B2 (en)
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DE (1) DE102006060867B4 (en)
PL (1) PL2102549T3 (en)
WO (1) WO2008077576A1 (en)

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Publication number Publication date
DE102006060867A1 (en) 2008-06-26
EP2102549A1 (en) 2009-09-23
US8393893B2 (en) 2013-03-12
DE102006060867B4 (en) 2020-07-02
PL2102549T3 (en) 2017-05-31
US20100019063A1 (en) 2010-01-28
WO2008077576A1 (en) 2008-07-03

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