Classifications

• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
  • C10M141/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being a mixture of two or more compounds covered by more than one of the main groups C10M125/00 - C10M139/00, each of these compounds being essential
  • C10M141/10—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being a mixture of two or more compounds covered by more than one of the main groups C10M125/00 - C10M139/00, each of these compounds being essential at least one of them being an organic phosphorus-containing compound
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
  • C10M2203/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds and hydrocarbon fractions as ingredients in lubricant compositions
  • C10M2203/10—Petroleum or coal fractions, e.g. tars, solvents, bitumen
  • C10M2203/1006—Petroleum or coal fractions, e.g. tars, solvents, bitumen used as base material
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
  • C10M2205/00—Organic macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds or fractions, whether or not modified by oxidation as ingredients in lubricant compositions
  • C10M2205/02—Organic macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds or fractions, whether or not modified by oxidation as ingredients in lubricant compositions containing acyclic monomers
  • C10M2205/026—Butene
  • C10M2205/0265—Butene used as base material
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
  • C10M2205/00—Organic macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds or fractions, whether or not modified by oxidation as ingredients in lubricant compositions
  • C10M2205/02—Organic macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds or fractions, whether or not modified by oxidation as ingredients in lubricant compositions containing acyclic monomers
  • C10M2205/028—Organic macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds or fractions, whether or not modified by oxidation as ingredients in lubricant compositions containing acyclic monomers containing aliphatic monomers having more than four carbon atoms
  • C10M2205/0285—Organic macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds or fractions, whether or not modified by oxidation as ingredients in lubricant compositions containing acyclic monomers containing aliphatic monomers having more than four carbon atoms used as base material
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
  • C10M2219/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing sulfur, selenium or tellurium as ingredients in lubricant compositions
  • C10M2219/02—Sulfur-containing compounds obtained by sulfurisation with sulfur or sulfur-containing compounds
  • C10M2219/022—Sulfur-containing compounds obtained by sulfurisation with sulfur or sulfur-containing compounds of hydrocarbons, e.g. olefines
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
  • C10M2219/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing sulfur, selenium or tellurium as ingredients in lubricant compositions
  • C10M2219/02—Sulfur-containing compounds obtained by sulfurisation with sulfur or sulfur-containing compounds
  • C10M2219/024—Sulfur-containing compounds obtained by sulfurisation with sulfur or sulfur-containing compounds of esters, e.g. fats
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
  • C10M2219/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing sulfur, selenium or tellurium as ingredients in lubricant compositions
  • C10M2219/08—Thiols; Sulfides; Polysulfides; Mercaptals
  • C10M2219/082—Thiols; Sulfides; Polysulfides; Mercaptals containing sulfur atoms bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
  • C10M2219/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing sulfur, selenium or tellurium as ingredients in lubricant compositions
  • C10M2219/10—Heterocyclic compounds containing sulfur, selenium or tellurium compounds in the ring
  • C10M2219/104—Heterocyclic compounds containing sulfur, selenium or tellurium compounds in the ring containing sulfur and carbon with nitrogen or oxygen in the ring
  • C10M2219/106—Thiadiazoles
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
  • C10M2223/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing phosphorus as ingredients in lubricant compositions
  • C10M2223/02—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing phosphorus as ingredients in lubricant compositions having no phosphorus-to-carbon bonds
  • C10M2223/04—Phosphate esters
  • C10M2223/042—Metal salts thereof
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
  • C10M2223/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing phosphorus as ingredients in lubricant compositions
  • C10M2223/02—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing phosphorus as ingredients in lubricant compositions having no phosphorus-to-carbon bonds
  • C10M2223/04—Phosphate esters
  • C10M2223/043—Ammonium or amine salts thereof
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
  • C10N2030/00—Specified physical or chemical properties which is improved by the additive characterising the lubricating composition, e.g. multifunctional additives
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
  • C10N2030/00—Specified physical or chemical properties which is improved by the additive characterising the lubricating composition, e.g. multifunctional additives
  • C10N2030/04—Detergent property or dispersant property
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
  • C10N2030/00—Specified physical or chemical properties which is improved by the additive characterising the lubricating composition, e.g. multifunctional additives
  • C10N2030/06—Oiliness; Film-strength; Anti-wear; Resistance to extreme pressure
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
  • C10N2030/00—Specified physical or chemical properties which is improved by the additive characterising the lubricating composition, e.g. multifunctional additives
  • C10N2030/10—Inhibition of oxidation, e.g. anti-oxidants
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
  • C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
  • C10N2040/04—Oil-bath; Gear-boxes; Automatic transmissions; Traction drives
  • C10N2040/044—Oil-bath; Gear-boxes; Automatic transmissions; Traction drives for manual transmissions

Definitions

• the present invention relates to a lubricating composition containing a sulphur-free metal salt of a hydrocarbyl-substituted phosphorus compound and an organo-sulphide.
• the composition has a sulphur content of greater than 0.3 weight percent of sulphur.
• the invention further provides for a method of lubricating a driveline device by using a lubricating composition.
• Driveline power transmitting devices such as gears or transmissions, especially axle fluids and manual transmission fluids (MTFs), present highly challenging technological problems and solutions for satisfying the multiple and often conflicting lubricating requirements, whilst providing durability and cleanliness.
• MTFs manual transmission fluids
• One of the important parameters influencing durability is the effectiveness of phosphorus antiwear or extreme pressure additives at providing devices with appropriate protection under various conditions of load and speed.
• many of the phosphorus antiwear or extreme pressure additives contain sulphur. Due to increasing environmental concerns, the presence of sulphur in antiwear or extreme pressure additives is becoming less desirable.
• sulphur-containing antiwear or extreme pressure additives evolve sulphur due to numerous volatile sulphur species being present, resulting in lubricating compositions containing antiwear or extreme pressure additives having an odour, may also be detrimental to health and the environment.
• a lubricating composition having the correct balance of phosphorus antiwear or extreme pressure additives provides driveline power transmitting devices with prolonged life and efficiency with controlled deposit formation and oxidation stability.
• many of the antiwear or extreme pressure additives employed have limited oxidative stability, form deposits or increase corrosion.
• many phosphorus antiwear or extreme pressure additives typically also contain sulphur, which results in a lubricating composition containing the phosphorus antiwear or extreme pressure additives are odorous.
• US Patent 6,656,887 discloses lubricating oils containing at least one divalent metal salt of a thiophosphoric acid ester or a phosphoric acid ester and/or a monovalent metal salt or an ammonium salt of thiophosphoric acid or phosphoric acid.
• the lubricating composition has antiwear properties.
• the lubricating composition is especially useful for engine lubricants including those with a sulphur content of 0.3 wt % or less.
• US Patent Application 2005/0143266 discloses a lubricating composition containing (i) phosphoric acid esters and salts thereof, (ii) metal salts of phosphoric acid esters.
• Examples 4 and 5 disclose a combination of a zinc salt of phosphoric acid dimethyl ester and an octadecyl phosphoric acid dimethyl ester.
• the lubricating compositions are suitable for internal combustion engines.
• US Patent Application 2005/0130855 discloses a lubricating composition containing a neutral or overbased metal salicylate, 0.005 to 0.2 wt % in terms of phosphorus of a phosphorus-containing antiwear agent e.g., zinc di(n- butyl)phosphate.
• the lubricating composition further contains 0.3 wt % or less of sulphur.
• the lubricating composition is suitable for internal combustion engines.
• US Patent Application 2005/0107269 discloses a lubricating composition containing (i) phosphorus compounds of phosphoric or thiophosphoric esters, or amine or metal salts thereof, (ii) 0.005 to 0.5 wt % in terms of phosphorus of zinc dithiophosphates, (iii) metallic detergents, (iv) ashless dispersants and (v) antioxidants.
• the lubricating compositions are particularly useful for internal combustion engines.
• US Patent Application 2004/0242434 discloses a lubricating composition containing in specified ranges a triphosphate, a succinimide, a metal detergent, a phenol-based and/or amine-based antioxidant.
• EP287 618 discloses the preparation of an oil-soluble metal containing additive derived from reacting a metal hydroxide or metal oxide with a sulphur-free phosphorus acid ester. The oil-soluble metal containing additive is suitable for lubricants, fuels and functional fluids.
• US Patent 6,872,693 discloses a lubricating composition suitable for gear oils and transmission fluids that contains a mineral oil with an iodine number of less than 9.
• the lubricating compositions also contain a phosphorus antiwear agent.
• the phosphorus antiwear agent includes a phosphoric acid ester or salts thereof, a metal dithiophosphate, a phosphite, a reaction product of phosphorus acid or anhydride with an unsaturated compound.
• US Patent 6,730,640 discloses a lubricating composition containing an oil-soluble zinc salt containing at least one hydrocarbyl group of at least 4 carbon atoms, wherein the zinc salt is a zinc phosphate or at least one zinc salt of a carboxylic acid having 6 to 8 carbon atoms.
• the lubricating composition also contains a phosphorus compound of dialkyl hydrogen phosphite, alkyl hydrogen phosphonate or phosphoric acid.
• the oil-soluble zinc salt is suitable for continuously variable transmissions to increase steel-on-steel dynamic coefficients of friction of the lubricating composition.
• US Patent 4,431,552 discloses a lubricating composition containing a non-sulphur containing phosphate, a monothiophosphate, a dithiophosphate and an alkali-metal borate.
• Preferred non-sulphur containing phosphate compounds include dodecyl- or oleyl- dialkyl (C4-C8) phosphates.
• US Patent 5,726,132 discloses lubricating compositions with a phosphorus-containing sulphide that has a -P-S-(S)n-P- group, where n is 0 to 3, a second phosphorus compound being either a phosphorus acid or esters, salt or derivatives thereof.
• the composition also contains an acyltated nitrogen-containing compound having a substitutent with at least 10 aliphatic carbon atoms.
• US Patent 4,575,431 discloses lubricating compositions containing a mixture of phosphates being essentially free of monothiophosphates and the phosphates are (a) dihydrocarbyl hydrogen thiophosphates, (b) sulphur-free hydrocarbyl dihydrogen phosphates and (c) sulphur-free dihydrocarbyl hydrogen phosphates.
• the sulphur-free hydrocarbyl dihydrogen phosphates and dihydrocarbyl hydrogen phosphates include Cl-C6-alkyl dihydrogen phosphates and di-Cl-C6-alkyl hydrogen phosphates.
• the invention provides a lubricating composition comprising:
• the phosphorus containing additive comprises (i) a metal salt of a sulphur-free hydrocarbyl-substituted phosphorus compound; and (ii) an ammonium or metal salt of a phosphoric acid ester.
• the invention provides a method of lubricating a driveline device, the method comprising supplying to the driveline device a lubricating composition comprising:
• the lubricating composition has a sulphur content in the range of greater than 0.3 wt %, or about 0.5 wt % to about 5 wt % (or about 3 wt %), or about 0.8 wt % to about 2.5 wt %, or about 1 wt % to about 2 wt %.
• the invention provides a method of lubricating a gear, the method comprising supplying to the gear a lubricating composition comprising: (a) an oil of lubricating viscosity;
• the lubricating composition has a sulphur content in the range of greater than 0.3 wt %, or about 0.5 wt % to about 5 wt % (or about 3 wt %), or about 0.8 wt % to about 2.5 wt %, or about 1 wt % to about 2 wt %.
• the lubricating compositions disclosed herein further comprise an ammonium or metal salt of a (thio)phosphoric acid ester different from (i).
• the driveline device comprises at least one of a manual transmission or an axle gear.
• the present invention provides a lubricating composition and a method for lubricating a driveline device as disclosed above.
• the wt % ranges quoted for the organo- sulphide, the phosphorus containing additive, and the other performance additives are quoted on an actives basis i.e., the ranges exclude the amounts of diluent oil that is commonly used as a carrier medium for the additives. Diluent oil is commonly present in the various additives at different amounts typically ranging from about 0 wt % to about 60 wt % as is available commercially.
• (thio)phosphoric acid ester is used to describe a thiophosphoric acid ester (contains sulphur) and a phosphoric acid ester (free of sulphur).
• hydrocarbyl substituent or “hydrocarbyl group” is used in its ordinary sense, which is well-known to those skilled in the art. Specifically, it refers to a group having a carbon atom directly attached to the remainder of the molecule and having predominantly hydrocarbon character.
• hydrocarbyl groups include: (i) hydrocarbon substituents, that is, aliphatic (e.g., alkyl or alkenyl), alicyclic (e.g., cycloalkyl, cycloalkenyl) substituents, and aromatic-, aliphatic-, and alicyclic-substituted aromatic substituents, as well as cyclic substituents wherein the ring is completed through another portion of the molecule (e.g., two substituents together form a ring);
• hydrocarbon substituents that is, aliphatic (e.g., alkyl or alkenyl), alicyclic (e.g., cycloalkyl, cycloalkenyl) substituents, and aromatic-, aliphatic-, and alicyclic-substituted aromatic substituents, as well as cyclic substituents wherein the ring is completed through another portion of the molecule (e.g., two substituents together form a
• substituted hydrocarbon substituents that is, substituents containing non-hydrocarbon groups which, in the context of this invention, do not alter the predominantly hydrocarbon nature of the substituent (e.g., halo (especially chloro and fluoro), hydroxy, alkoxy, mercapto, alkylmercapto, nitro, nitroso, and sulphoxy);
• hetero substituents that is, substituents which, while having a predominantly hydrocarbon character, in the context of this invention, contain other than carbon in a ring or chain otherwise composed of carbon atoms.
• Heteroatoms include sulphur, oxygen, nitrogen, and encompass substituents as pyridyl, furyl, thienyl and imidazolyl.
• no more than two, preferably no more than one, non-hydrocarbon substituent will be present for every ten carbon atoms in the hydrocarbyl group; typically, there will be no non- hydrocarbon substituents in the hydrocarbyl group.
• the lubricating composition has a sulphur content in the range of about 0.5 wt % to about 5 wt %. In one embodiment the lubricating composition has a sulphur content in the range of about 0.5 wt % to about 3 wt %. In one embodiment the lubricating composition has a sulphur content in the range of about 0.8 wt % to about 2.5 wt %. In one embodiment the lubricating composition has a sulphur content in the range of about 1 wt % to about 2 wt %.
• the phosphorus containing additive comprises (i) the sulphur-free metal salt of a hydrocarbyl-substituted phosphorus compound, and (ii) optionally an ammonium or metal salt of a (thio)phosphoric acid ester different from (i).
• the phosphorus containing additive typically provides antiwear or extreme pressure performance in the lubricating composition.
• the phosphorus containing additive comprises a mixture of the sulphur-free metal salt of a hydrocarbyl-substituted phosphorus compound and the ammonium or metal salt of a (thio)phosphoric acid ester different from (i).
• the sulphur-free metal salt of a hydrocarbyl-substituted phosphorus compound is known and may be prepared as is disclosed in EP 287 618, US Patent 2,228,658, US Patent 4,431,552 and US Patent 2,310,175.
• the sulphur-free metal salt of a hydrocarbyl-substituted phosphorus compound includes a metal salt of a hydrocarbyl-substituted phosphate, a metal salt of a hydrocarbyl-substituted phosphonate, a metal salt of a hydrocarbyl- substituted phosphinate, a metal salt of a hydrocarbyl-substituted phosphite, a metal salt of a hydrocarbyl-substituted phosphonite, a metal salt of a hydrocarbyl-substituted phosphinite, or mixtures thereof.
• the phosphorus atom of the hydrocarbyl- substituted phosphorus compound is pentavalent.
• the sulphur-free metal salt of a hydrocarbyl- substituted phosphorus compound is a metal salt of a hydrocarbyl-substituted phosphate, a metal salt of a hydrocarbyl-substituted phosphonate, a metal salt of a hydrocarbyl-substituted phosphonate, or mixtures thereof.
• the sulphur-free metal salt of a hydrocarbyl- substituted phosphorus compound includes compounds represented by the formula:
• R 1 and R 2 are hydrocarbyl groups, n is 1, 2, 3 or 4, and M' is a metal.
• the sulphur-free metal salt of a hydrocarbyl-substituted phosphorus compound includes mono- or di- hydrocarbyl-substituted phosphate.
• the hydrocarbyl group of the sulphur-free metal salt of a hydrocarbyl-substituted phosphorus compound includes a straight-chain or a branched alkyl group, a cyclic alkyl group, a straight-chain or a branched alkenyl group, an aryl group, or an arylalkyl group.
• the hydrocarbyl group of the hydrocarbyl- substituted phosphorus compound is an oil soluble alkyl group.
• the alkyl group typically includes about 1 to about 40, or about 4 to about 40, or about 4 to about 20, or about 6 to about 16 carbon atoms.
• Examples of the straight-chain or branched alkyl groups include methyl, ethyl, propyl, butyl, pentyl, hexyl, heptyl, octyl, nonyl, decyl, undecyl, dodecyl, tridecyl, tetradecyl, pentadecyl, hexadecyl, heptadecyl and octadecyl groups.
• the cyclic alkyl group in one embodiment contains system about 5 to about 7 carbon atoms, and in another embodiment about 6 to about 11 carbon atoms.
• Examples of the cyclic alkyl group include cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl, cycloheptyl group, methylcyclopenthyl, dimethylcyclopenthyl, methylethylcyclopentyl, diethylcyclopentyl, methylcyclohexyl, dimethylcyclohexyl, methylethylcyclohexyl, diethylcyclohexyl, methylcycloheptyl, dimethylcycloheptyl, methylethylcycloheptyl, and diethylcycloheptyl groups.
• the straight-chain or branched alkenyl group includes those having about 2 to about 30, or about 6 to about 20 carbon atoms.
• alkenyl group examples include butenyl, pentenyl, hexcenyl, heptenyl, octenyl, nonenyl, decenyl, undecenyl, dodecenyl, tridecenyl, tetradecenyl, pentadecenyl, hexadecenyl, heptadecenyl, and octadecenyl group.
• the aryl group includes those having about 6 to about 18 carbon atoms.
• Examples of the aryl group include phenyl or naphthyl.
• the aryl group is an arylalkyl group having about
• arylalkyl group examples include tolyl, xylyl, ethylphenyl, propylphenyl, butylphenyl, pentylphenyl, hexylphenyl, heptylphenyl, octylphenyl, nonylphneyl, decylphenyl, undecylphenyl, dodecylphenyl, diethylphenyl, dibutylphenyl and dioctylphenyl.
• the sulphur-free metal salt of a hydrocarbyl- substituted phosphorus compound is a metal salt of a mono-alkyl phosphate, and in another embodiment a metal salt of a di-alkyl phosphate.
• the metal of the metal salt is a monovalent metal, in another embodiment the metal is divalent, and in another embodiment the metal is trivalent.
• the metal of the metal salt includes aluminium, calcium, magnesium, strontium, chromium, iron, cobalt, nickel, zinc, tin, lead, manganese, silver, or mixtures thereof. In one embodiment the metal is zinc.
• the sulphur-free metal salt of a hydrocarbyl- substituted phosphorus compound is present in the lubricating composition in the range of about 0.001 wt % to about 10 wt % of the lubricating composition.
• the sulphur-free metal salt of a hydrocarbyl-substituted phosphorus compound is present in the lubricating composition in the range of about 0.001 wt % to about 5 wt % of the lubricating composition. In one embodiment the sulphur-free metal salt of a hydrocarbyl-substituted phosphorus compound is present in the lubricating composition in the range of about 0.025 wt % to about 3 wt % of the lubricating composition.
• the ammonium or metal salt of a (thio)phosphoric acid ester different from (i) includes a phosphorus-containing acid, salt, polymer or ester.
• the oxidation state of the phosphorus atom of the ammonium or metal salt of a (thio)phosphoric acid ester different from (i) is
• (thio)phosphoric acid ester different from (i) is an ammonium or metal salt of a thiophosphoric acid ester (i.e. the phosphoric acid contains sulphur).
• the ammonium or metal salt of a (thio)phosphoric acid ester different from (i) includes ash-containing (i.e. metal containing) or ashless (i.e. metal free (prior to being mixed with other components)).
• the ammonium or metal salt of a (thio)phosphoric acid ester different from (i) comprises a metal dialkyldithiophosphate.
• the alkyl groups of the dialkyldithiophosphate includes linear or branched containing about 2 to about 20 carbon atoms, provided that the total number of carbons is sufficient to make the metal dialkyldithiophosphate oil soluble.
• the metal of the metal dialkyldithiophosphate typically includes monovalent or divalent metals. Examples of suitable metals include sodium, potassium, copper, calcium, magnesium, barium or zinc.
• the phosphorus-containing acid, salt or ester is a zinc dialkyldithiophosphate.
• Examples of a suitable zinc dialkylphosphate often referred to as ZDDP, ZDP or ZDTP) include zinc di-(2- methylpropyl) dithiophosphate, zinc di-(amyl) dithiophosphate, zinc di- (l,3dimethylbutyl) dithiophosphate, zinc di-(heptyl) dithiophosphate, zinc di- (octyl) dithiophosphate di-(2-ethylhexyl) dithiophosphate, zinc di-(nonyl) dithiophosphate, zinc di-(decyl) dithiophosphate, zinc di-(dodecyl) dithiophosphate, zinc di-(dodecylphenyl) dithiophosphate, zinc di- (heptylphenyl) dithiophosphate, or mixtures thereof.
• ammonium or metal salt of a (thio)phosphoric acid ester different from (i) is other than metal dialkyldithiophosphate.
• the ammonium (thio)phosphoric acid ester includes ammonia and amine salts of phosphoric acid esters; dialkyldithiophosphoric acid esters; amine salts of phosphites; and amine salts of phosphorus-containing carboxylic esters, ethers, and amides; and mixtures thereof.
• ammonium or metal salt of a (thio)phosphoric acid ester different from (i) includes a partial amine salt- partial metal salt compounds or mixtures thereof.
• Suitable amines for use as the amine salt include primary amines, secondary amines, tertiary amines, and mixtures thereof.
• the amines include those with at least one hydrocarbyl group, or, in certain embodiments, two or three hydrocarbyl groups.
• the hydrocarbyl groups includes those that contain about 2 to about 30, or about 8 to about 26, or about 10 to about 20, or about 13 to about 19 carbon atoms.
• Primary amines include ethylamine, propylamine, butylamine, 2-ethylhexylamine, octylamine, and dodecylamine, as well as such fatty amines as n-octylamine, n-decylamine, n-dodecylamine, n-tetradecylamine, n-hexadecylamine, n-octadecylamine and oleyamine.
• fatty amines include commercially available fatty amines such as "Armeen®” amines (products available from Akzo Chemicals, Chicago, Illinois), such as Armeen C, Armeen O, Armeen OL, Armeen T, Armeen HT, Armeen S and Armeen SD, wherein the letter designation relates to the fatty group, such as coco, oleyl, tallow, or stearyl groups.
• suitable secondary amines include dimethylamine, diethylamine, dipropylamine, dibutylamine, diamylamine, dihexylamine, diheptylamine, methylethylamine, ethylbutylamine and ethylamylamine.
• the secondary amines include cyclic amines such as piperidine, piperazine and morpholine.
• the amine is a tertiary-aliphatic primary amine.
• the aliphatic group includes an alkyl group containing about 2 to about 30, or about 6 to about 26, or about 8 to about 24 carbon atoms.
• Examples of tertiary alkyl amines include tert-butylamine, tert-hexylamine, 1 -methyl- 1-amino- cyclohexane, tert-octylamine, tert-decylamine, tertdodecylamine, tert- tetradecyl amine, tert-hexadecylamine, tert-octadecylamine, tert- tetracosanylamine, and tert-octacosanylamine.
• the ammonium or metal salt of a (thio)phosphoric acid ester different from (i) comprises an amine salt of a phosphorus acid or ester amine with tertiary alkyl primary groups or mixtures thereof, wherein the alkyl group contains mixtures of about 11 to about 14, or about 14 to about 18, or about 18 to about 22 carbon atoms.
• Mixtures of amines may also be used in the invention.
• Primene® 8 IR and Primene® JMT are mixtures of CI l to C 14 tertiary alkyl primary amines and C18 to C22 tertiary alkyl primary amines respectively.
• the amine salt of a phosphorus acid or ester is the reaction product of a C 14 to C18 alkylated phosphoric acid with Primene 81RTM (produced and sold by Rohm & Haas) which is a mixture of Cl 1 to C 14 tertiary alkyl primary amines.
• Examples of ammonium or metal salt of a (thio)phosphoric acid ester different from (i) include the reaction product(s) of isopropyl, methyl-amyl (4- methyl-2-pentyl or mixtures thereof), 2-ethylhexyl, heptyl, octyl or nonyl dithiophosphoric acids with 2-ethylahexylamine, ethylene diamine, morpholine, or Primene 81RTM, or mixtures thereof.
• the ammonium or metal salt of a (thio)phosphoric acid ester different from (i) is a reaction product prepared from a dithiophosphoric acid is reacting with an epoxide or a glycol. This reaction product is further reacted with a phosphorus acid, anhydride, or lower ester (where "lower” signifies about 1 to about 8, or about 1 to about 6, or about 1 to about 4, or 1 to about 2 carbon atoms in the alcohol-derived portion of the ester).
• the epoxide includes an aliphatic epoxide or a styrene oxide.
• epoxides examples include ethylene oxide, propylene oxide, butene oxide, octene oxide, dodecene oxide, styrene oxide and the like. In one embodiment the epoxide is propylene oxide.
• the glycols include aliphatic glycols having 1 to about 12, or about 2 to about 6, or about 2 to about 3 carbon atoms.
• the dithiophosphoric acids, glycols, epoxides, inorganic phosphorus reagents and methods of reacting the same are described in U.S. Patent numbers 3,197,405 and 3,544,465. The resulting acids is then be salted with amines.
• dithiophosphoric acid is prepared by adding phosphorus pentoxide (about 64 grams) at about 58 0 C over a period of about 45 minutes to about 514 grams of hydroxypropyl O,O-di(4-methyl-2- pentyl)phosphorodithioate (prepared by reacting di(4-methyl-2-pentyl)- phosphorodithioic acid with about 1.3 moles of propylene oxide at about 25 0 C). The mixture is heated at about 75 0 C for about 2.5 hours, mixed with a diatomaceous earth and filtered at about 70 0 C. The filtrate contains about 11.8% by weight phosphorus, about 15.2% by weight sulphur, and an acid number of 87 (bromophenol blue).
• ammonium or metal salt of a (thio)phosphoric acid ester different from (i) is a reaction product as described in Examples P-2 to P-8 of US Patent 6,468,946 (see column 10, line 65 to column 12, line 23).
• the products described in Examples P-2 to P-8 are amine salts of a phosphoric acid ester.
• the ammonium or metal salt of a (thio)phosphoric acid ester different from (i) is present in the lubricating composition in the range of about 0 wt % to about 10 wt % of the lubricating composition. In one embodiment the ammonium or metal salt of a (thio)phosphoric acid ester different from (i) is present in the lubricating composition in the range of about 0 wt % to about 5 wt % of the lubricating composition.
• ammonium or metal salt of a (thio)phosphoric acid ester different from (i) is present in the lubricating composition in the range of about 0.01 wt % to about 5 wt % of the lubricating composition. In one embodiment the ammonium or metal salt of a (thio)phosphoric acid ester different from (i) is present in the lubricating composition in the range of about 0.01 wt % to about 3 wt % of the lubricating composition.
• the organo-sulphide comprises at least one of a polysulphide, thiadiazole compound, or mixtures thereof.
• the organo-sulphide is present in the lubricating composition in the range of about 0.01 wt % to about 10 wt % of the lubricating composition. In one embodiment the organo-sulphide is present in the lubricating composition in the range of about 0.1 wt % to about 8 wt % of the lubricating composition. In one embodiment the organo-sulphide is present in the lubricating composition in the range of about 0.25 wt % to about 6 wt % of the lubricating composition.
• Examples of a thiadiazole include 2,5-dimercapto-l ,3-4-thiadiazole, 2,5-dimercapto-l ,3,4-thiadiazole, or oligomers thereof, a hydrocarbyl- substituted 2,5-dimercapto-l,3-4-thiadiazole, a hydrocarbylthio-substituted 2,5- dimercapto-l,3-4-thiadiazole, or oligomers thereof.
• the oligomers of hydrocarbyl-substituted 2,5-dimercapto-l,3-4-thiadiazole typically form by forming a sulphur-sulphur bond between 2,5-dimercapto-l,3-4-thiadiazole units to form oligomers of two or more of said thiadiazole units.
• the number of carbon atoms on the hydrocarbyl substituents includes ranges of about 1 to about 30, about 2 to about 20 or about 3 to about 16.
• the thiadiazole compound e.g., hydrocarbyl-substituted mercaptothiadizoles (as well as the unsubstituted materials)
• the total number of carbon atoms in the hydrocarbyl-substituents which tend to promote solubility, will generally be about 8 or more, or about 10 or more, or at least about 12. If there are multiple hydrocarbyl substituents, typically each substituent will contain about 8 or fewer carbon atoms.
• the thiadiazole compound e.g., hydrocarbyl-substituted mercaptothiadazoles (as well as the unsubstituted materials)
• non-polar media such as an oil of lubricating viscosity.
• the total number of carbon atoms in the hydrocarbyl-substituents which tend to promote solubility, will generally be fewer than about 8, or about 6, or about 4. If there are multiple hydrocarbyl substituents, typically each substituent will contain about 4 or fewer carbon atoms.
• the thiadiazole compound e.g., a dimercaptothiadiazole (DMTD) compound
• DMTD dimercaptothiadiazole
• a suitable hydrocarbon oil of lubricating viscosity in which the solubility may be evaluated is Chevron TM RLOP 100 N oil.
• the specified amount of the DMTD or substituted DMTD is mixed with the oil and the solubility may be evaluated by observing clarity versus the appearance of residual sediment after, e.g., 1 week of storage.
• Examples of a suitable thiadiazole compound include at least one of a dimercaptothiadiazole, 2,5-dimercapto-[l,3,4]-thiadiazole, 3,5-dimercapto- [l,2,4]-thiadiazole, 3,4-dimercapto-[l ,2,5]-thiadiazole, or 4-5-dimercapto- [l,2,3]-thiadaizole.
• dimercaptothiadiazole 2,5-dimercapto-[l,3,4]-thiadiazole, 3,5-dimercapto- [l,2,4]-thiadiazole, 3,4-dimercapto-[l ,2,5]-thiadiazole, or 4-5-dimercapto- [l,2,3]-thiadaizole.
• dimercaptothiadiazole 2,5-dimercapto-[l,3,4]-thiadiazole
• 2,5-dimercapto-l ,3,4-thiadiazole or a hydrocarbyl-substituted 2,5-dimercapto- 1,3-4-thiadiazole or a hydrocarbylthio-substituted 2,5-dimercapto-l,3,4- thiadiazole are commonly utilised, with 2,5-dimercapto-[l,3,4]-thiadiazole most commonly utilised due to availability.
• the number of carbon atoms on the hydrocarbyl-substituent group includes about 1 to about 30, about 2 to about 25, about 4 to about 20, about 6 to about 16, or about 8 to about 10.
• the thiadiazole compound is the reaction product of a phenol with an aldehyde and a dimercaptothiadiazole.
• the phenol includes an alkyl phenol wherein the alkyl group contains at least about 6, e.g., about 6 to 24, or about 6 (or about 7) to about 12 carbon atoms.
• the aldehyde includes an aldehyde containing about 1 to about 7 carbon atoms or an aldehyde synthon, such as formaldehyde. In one embodiment, the aldehyde is formaldehyde or paraformaldehyde.
• the aldehyde, phenol and dimercaptothiadiazole are typically reacted by mixing them at a temperature up to about 150 0 C such as about 50 0 C to about 130 0 C, in molar ratios of about 0.5 to about 2 moles of phenol and about 0.5 to about 2 moles of aldehyde per mole of dimercaptothiadiazole.
• the three reagents are reacted in equal molar amounts.
• the product may be described as an alkylhydroxyphenylmethylthio-substituted [l,3,4]-thiadiazole; the alkyl moiety includes, hexyl, heptyl, octyl, or nonyl.
• Useful thiadiazole compounds include 2-alkyldithio-5-mercapto- [l,3,4]-thiadiazoles, 2,5-bis(alkyldithio)-[l,3,4]-thiadiazoles, 2-alkyl- hydroxyphenylmethylthio-5-mercapto-[l,3,4]-thiadiazoles, and mixtures thereof.
• thiadiazole compounds include 2-octyldithio-5- mercapto-l,3,4-thiadiazole, 2-nonyldithio-5-mercapto-l ,3,4-thiadiazole, 2- dodecydithio-5-mercapto-l,3,4-thiadiazole, or 2,5-dimercapto-l,3,4- thiadiazole.
• Examples of suitable 2,5-bis(alkyl-dithio)-l,3,4-thiadiazoles) include 2,5-bis(tert-octyldithio)-l,3,4-thiadiazole, 2,5-bis(tert-nonyldithio)- 1,3,4-thiadiazole, 2,5-bis(tert-decyldithio)-l,3,4-thiadiazole, 2,5-bis(tert- undecyldithio)-l,3,4-thiadiazole, 2,5-bis(tert-dodecyldithio)-l,3,4-thiadiazole, 2,5-bis(tert-tridecyldithio)-l,3,4-thiadiazole, 2,5-bis(tert-tetradecyldithio)-
• 1,3,4-thiadiazole 2,5-bis(tert-pentadecyldithio)-l,3,4-thiadiazole, 2,5-bis(tert- hexadecyldithio)-l,3,4-thiadiazole, 2,5-bis(tert-heptadecyldithio)-l ,3,4- thiadiazole, 2,5-bis(tert-octadecyldithio)-l,3,4-thiadiazole, 2,5-bis(tert- nonadecyldithio)-l,3,4-thiadiazole or 2,5-bis(tert-eicosyldithio)-l,3,4- thiadiazole, or oligomers thereof.
• the hydrocarbyl- substituted 2,5-dimercapto-l,3-4-thiadiazole comprises at least one of 2,5- bis(tert-octyldithio)-l,3,4-thiadiazole 2,5-bis(tert-nonyldithio)-l ,3,4- thiadiazole, or 2,5-bis(tert-decyldithio)-l,3,4-thiadiazole.
• the thiadiazole compound includes at least one of 2,5-bis(tert-octyldithio)-l,3,4-thiadiazole, 2,5-bis(tert-nonyldithio)-l,3,4- thiadiazole, or 2,5-bis(tert-decyldithio)-l,3,4-thiadiazole.
• the thiadiazole compound of the invention is present in the lubricating composition in the range of about 0 to about 10 wt % of the lubricating composition. In one embodiment the thiadiazole compound of the invention is present in the lubricating composition in the range of about 0.01 wt % to about 10 wt % of the lubricating composition. In one embodiment the thiadiazole compound of the invention is present in the lubricating composition in the range of about 0.1 wt % to about 8 wt %. In one embodiment the thiadiazole compound of the invention is present in the lubricating composition in the range of about 0.25 wt % to about 6 wt % of the lubricating composition.
• the invention comprises a polysulphide that is known in the art.
• polysulphide includes disulphide compounds as well as compounds that contain three or more sulphur atoms including oligomeric species that may have multiple mono- or di- sulphide linkages within the same molecule.
• the polysulphide are generally characterized as having sulphur- sulphur linkages. Typically the linkages have about 2 to about 8 sulphur atoms, or about 2 to about 6 sulphur atoms, or 2 to about 4 sulphur atoms. [0080] In one embodiment the polysulphide is a disulphide. [0081] In one embodiment the polysulphide contains at least about 20 wt %, or at least about 30 wt % of the polysulphide molecules contain three or more sulphur atoms.
• At least about 50 wt % of the polysulphide molecules are a mixture of tri- or tetra- sulphides. In other embodiments at least about 55 wt %, or at least about 60 wt % of the polysulphide molecules are a mixture of tri- or tetra- sulphides.
• polysulphide molecules are a mixture of tri- or tetra- sulphides. In other embodiments up to about 80 wt % of the polysulphide molecules are a mixture of tri- or tetra- sulphides.
• the polysulphide in other embodiments contain about 0 wt % to about 20 wt %, or about 0.1 to about 10 wt % of a penta- or higher polysulphide.
• the polysulphide contains less than about 30 wt % or less than about 40 wt % of a disulphide in the polysulphide.
• the polysulphide typically provides about 0.5 to about 5 wt %, or about 1 to about 3 wt % of sulphur to the lubricating composition.
• the polysulphide includes a sulphurised organic polysulphide from oils, fatty acids or ester, olefins or polyolefms.
• Oils which may be sulfurized include natural or synthetic oils such as mineral oils, lard oil, carboxylate esters derived from aliphatic alcohols and fatty acids or aliphatic carboxylic acids (e.g., myristyl oleate and oleyl oleate), and synthetic unsaturated esters or glycerides.
• natural or synthetic oils such as mineral oils, lard oil, carboxylate esters derived from aliphatic alcohols and fatty acids or aliphatic carboxylic acids (e.g., myristyl oleate and oleyl oleate), and synthetic unsaturated esters or glycerides.
• Fatty acids include those that contain about 8 to about 30, or about 12 to about 24 carbon atoms.
• Examples of fatty acids include oleic, linoleic, linolenic, tall oil and rosin acids.
• Sulfurized fatty acid esters prepared from mixed unsaturated fatty acid esters such as are obtained from animal fats and vegetable oils, including tall oil, linseed oil, soybean oil, rapeseed oil, and fish oil.
• the polysulphide includes olefins derived from a wide range of alkenes.
• the alkenes typically have one or more double bonds.
• the olefins in one embodiment contain about 3 to about 30 carbon atoms. In other embodiments, olefins contain about 3 to about 16, or about 3 to about 9 carbon atoms.
• the sulphurised olefin includes an olefin derived from propylene, isobutylene, pentene or mixtures thereof.
• the polysulphide comprises a polyolefin derived from polymerising by known techniques an olefin as described above.
• the polysulphide includes dibutyl tetrasulphide, sulphurised methyl ester of oleic acid, sulphurised alkylphenol, sulphurised dipentene, sulphurised dicyclopentadiene, sulphurised terpene, and sulphurised Diels-Alder adducts; phosphosulphurised hydrocarbons.
• the polysulphide is present in the lubricating composition in the range of about 0.01 to about 10 wt % of the lubricating composition. In embodiment the polysulphide is present in the lubricating composition in the range of about 0.1 wt % to about 8 wt % of the lubricating composition. In embodiment the polysulphide is present in the lubricating composition in the range of or about 0.25 wt % to about 6 wt % of the lubricating composition. Oils of Lubricating Viscosity
• the lubricating oil composition includes natural or synthetic oils of lubricating viscosity, oil derived from hydro cracking, hydro genation, hydrofinishing, and unrefined, refined and re-refined oils and mixtures thereof.
• Natural oils include animal oils, vegetable oils, mineral oils and mixtures thereof.
• Synthetic oils include hydrocarbon oils, silicon-based oils, and liquid esters of phosphorus-containing acids. Synthetic oils may be produced by Fischer-Tropsch gas-to-liquid synthetic procedure as well as other gas-to-liquid oils. In one embodiment the composition of the present invention is useful when employed in a gas-to-liquid oil. Often Fischer-Tropsch hydrocarbons or waxes may be hydroisomerised.
• the base oil comprises a polyalphaolefin including a PAO-2, PAO-4, PAO-5, PAO-6, PAO-7 or PAO-8.
• the polyalphaolefin in one embodiment is prepared from dodecene and in another embodiment from decene.
• the oil of lubricating viscosity is an ester such as an adipate.
• the oil of lubricating viscosity is a polymer (may also be referred to as a viscosity modifier) including hydrogenated copolymers of styrene-butadiene, ethylene-propylene polymers, polyisobutenes, hydrogenated styrene-isoprene polymers, hydrogenated isoprene polymers, polymethacrylate acid esters, polyacrylate acid esters, polyalkyl styrenes, alkenyl aryl conjugated diene copolymers, polyolefins, polyalkylmethacrylates and esters of maleic anhydride-styrene copolymers.
• a viscosity modifier including hydrogenated copolymers of styrene-butadiene, ethylene-propylene polymers, polyisobutenes, hydrogenated styrene-isoprene polymers, hydrogenated isoprene polymers, polymethacrylate acid
• the polymer includes polymethacrylate acid esters, polyacrylate acid esters, polyalkylmethacrylates and esters of maleic anhydride-styrene copolymers, polyisobutenes or mixtures thereof.
• the oil of lubricating viscosity may contain a polymer (or viscosity modifier) present in ranges of about 0 wt % to about 70 wt % of the lubricating composition. In one embodiment the oil of lubricating viscosity may contain a polymer (or viscosity modifier) present in ranges of about 5 wt % to 65 wt % of the lubricating composition. In one embodiment the oil of lubricating viscosity may contain a polymer (or viscosity modifier) present in ranges of about 10 to about 60 wt %, or about 15 to about 50 wt % of the lubricating composition.
• the lubricating composition comprises an oil of lubricating viscosity containing mixtures of a viscosity modifier and an API Group III or IV base oil. In one embodiment the lubricating composition contains a synthetic oil of lubricating viscosity.
• Oils of lubricating viscosity may also be defined as specified in the American Petroleum Institute (API) Base Oil Interchangeability Guidelines.
• the oil of lubricating viscosity comprises an API Group I, II, III, IV, V, VI base oil, or mixtures thereof, and in another embodiment API Group II, III, IV base oil or mixtures thereof.
• the oil of lubricating viscosity is a Group III or IV base oil and in another embodiment a Group IV base oil.
• the amount of the oil of lubricating viscosity present is typically the balance remaining after subtracting from about 100 wt % the sum of the amount of the phosphorus containing additive, the organo-sulphide, and the other performance additives (described below).
• the lubricating composition is in the form of a concentrate and/or a fully formulated lubricant. If the phosphorus containing additive, the organo-sulphide, and the other performance additives are in the form of a concentrate (which may be combined with additional oil to form, in whole or in part, a finished lubricant), the ratio of the components of the lubricating composition to the oil of lubricating viscosity and/or to diluent oil include the ranges of about 1 :99 to about 99: 1 by weight, or about 80:20 to about 10:90 by weight.
• Other Performance Additive include the ranges of about 1 :99 to about 99: 1 by weight, or about 80:20 to about 10:90 by weight.
• the composition of the invention optionally further includes at least one other performance additive.
• the other performance additives include metal deactivators, detergents, dispersants, viscosity modifiers, dispersant viscosity modifiers, antioxidants, corrosion inhibitors, foam inhibitors, demulsifiers, pour point depressants, seal swelling agents and mixtures thereof.
• the total combined amount of the other performance additive compounds present on an oil free basis may include a range of about 0 wt % to about 25 wt % of the lubricating composition. In one embodiment the other performance additive compounds present on an oil free basis may include a range of about 0.1 wt % to about 15 wt % of the lubricating composition.
• the other performance additive compounds present on an oil free basis may include a range of about 0.5 wt % to about 10 wt %, of the lubricating composition. Although one or more of the other performance additives may be present, it is common for the other performance additives to be present in different amounts relative to each other.
• Antioxidants include molybdenum compounds such as molybdenum dithio carbamate s, sulphurised olefins, hindered phenols, aminic compounds (such as alkylated diphenylamines (typically di-nonyl diphenylamine, octyl diphenylamine, di-octyl diphenylamine)).
• Detergents include neutral or overbased detergents, Newtonian or non-Newtonian, basic salts of alkali, alkaline earth or transition metals with one or more of a phenate, a sulphurised phenate, a sulphonate, a carboxylic acid, a phosphorus acid, a mono- and/or a di- thiophosphoric acid, a saligenin, an alkylsalicylate, and a salixarate.
• Dispersants include N-substituted long chain alkenyl succinimides, as well as Mannich condensation products as well as post-treated versions thereof.
• Post-treated dispersants include those by reaction with urea, thiourea, dimercaptothiadiazoles, carbon disulphide, aldehydes, ketones, carboxylic acids, hydrocarbon-substituted succinic anhydrides, nitriles, epoxides, boron compounds, and phosphorus compounds.
• Viscosity modifiers include hydrogenated copolymers of styrene- butadiene, ethylene-propylene copolymers, polyisobutenes, hydrogenated styrene-isoprene polymers, hydrogenated isoprene polymers, polymethacrylate acid esters, polyacrylate acid esters, polyalkyl styrenes, alkenyl aryl conjugated diene copolymers, polyolefins, polyalkylmethacrylates and esters of maleic anhydride-styrene copolymers.
• Dispersant viscosity modifiers include functionalised polyolefins, for example, ethylene- propylene copolymers that have been functionalized with the reaction product of maleic anhydride and an amine, a polymethacrylate functionalised with an amine, or styrene-maleic anhydride copolymers reacted with an amine; may also be used in the composition of the invention.
• Friction modifiers include fatty amines, esters such as borated glycerol esters, fatty phosphites, fatty acid amides, fatty epoxides, borated fatty epoxides, alkoxylated fatty amines, borated alkoxylated fatty amines, metal salts of fatty acids, or fatty imidazolines, condensation products of fatty acids with guanidine, aminoguanidine, urea, thiourea or derivatives thereof, condensation products of carboxylic acids and polyalkylene-polyamines.
• esters such as borated glycerol esters, fatty phosphites, fatty acid amides, fatty epoxides, borated fatty epoxides, alkoxylated fatty amines, borated alkoxylated fatty amines, metal salts of fatty acids, or fatty imidazolines, condensation products of fatty acids with guanidine, aminogu
• Corrosion inhibitors include octylamine octanoate, condensation products of dodecenyl succinic acid or anhydride and a fatty acid such as oleic acid with a polyamine.
• Metal deactivators include derivatives of benzotriazoles
• Foam inhibitors include copolymers of ethyl acrylate and 2- ethylhexylacrylate and optionally vinyl acetate.
• Demulsifiers include trialkyl phosphates, polyethylene glycols, polyethylene oxides, polypropylene oxides and (ethylene oxide-propylene oxide) polymers.
• Pour point depressants include esters of maleic anhydride-styrene, polymethacrylates, polyacrylates or poly aery lamides.
• Seal swell agents include Exxon Necton-37TM (FN 1380) and
• the method of the invention is useful for lubricating a variety of driveline devices.
• the driveline device comprises at least one of a gear, a gearbox, an axle gear, a traction drive transmission, an automatic transmission or a manual transmission.
• the driveline device is a manual transmission or a gear, a gearbox, an axle gear.
• the automatic transmission includes continuously variable transmissions (CVT), infinitely variable transmissions (IVT), Torroidal transmissions, continuously slipping torque converted clutches (CSTCC), stepped automatic transmissions or dual clutch transmissions (DCT).
• CVT continuously variable transmissions
• IVT infinitely variable transmissions
• CSTCC continuously slipping torque converted clutches
• DCT dual clutch transmissions
• the invention provides for the use of the lubricating composition disclosed herein in gears and transmissions to impart at least one of antiwear performance, extreme pressure performance, acceptable deposit control, acceptable oxidation stability and reduced odour.
• Example 1 a gear oil lubricating composition composed of a mixture
• the lubricating composition further contains about 0.3 wt % of a zinc dialkylphosphate, about 0.3 wt % of an amine phosphate, about 3 wt % of a sulphurised olefin, about 0.7 wt % of other additives including a corrosion inhibitor, a dispersant, a friction modifier and an antifoam agent, and about 4.7 wt % of diluent oil.
• the total phosphorus content of the lubricating composition is about 0.05 wt %.
• Example 2 a gear oil lubricating composition composed of a mixture of API Group IV base oil and a polyisobutylene.
• the lubricating composition further contains about 1.3 wt % of a zinc dialkylphosphate, about 0.3 wt % of an amine phosphate, about 4 wt % of a sulphurised olefin, about 1.6 wt % of other additives including a corrosion inhibitor, a dispersant, a friction modifier and an antifoam agent, and about 3 wt % of diluent oil.
• the total phosphorus content of the lubricating composition is about 0.14 wt %.
• Test 1 Examples 1 and 2 are evaluated for corrosion on copper strips using ASTM method D130-04el . The results obtained indicate that Example 1 has a 3B rating; and Example 2 has a IB rating.
• Test 2 Examples 1 and 2 are evaluated for the capability for load- carrying, wear, and extreme pressure properties in a hypoid axle under conditions of low-speed, high-torque operation using ASTM method D6121- 05a. The results obtained are presented in the following table:
• the lubricating composition of the invention is capable of providing acceptable gear performance whilst utilising low odour antiwear additives.

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