Classifications

• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
  • C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
  • C07D257/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing rings having four nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms
  • C07D257/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing rings having four nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms not condensed with other rings
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
  • A61K49/00—Preparations for testing in vivo
  • A61K49/04—X-ray contrast preparations
  • A61K49/0433—X-ray contrast preparations containing an organic halogenated X-ray contrast-enhancing agent
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
  • A61K49/00—Preparations for testing in vivo
  • A61K49/06—Nuclear magnetic resonance [NMR] contrast preparations; Magnetic resonance imaging [MRI] contrast preparations
  • A61K49/08—Nuclear magnetic resonance [NMR] contrast preparations; Magnetic resonance imaging [MRI] contrast preparations characterised by the carrier
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
  • A61K49/00—Preparations for testing in vivo
  • A61K49/06—Nuclear magnetic resonance [NMR] contrast preparations; Magnetic resonance imaging [MRI] contrast preparations
  • A61K49/08—Nuclear magnetic resonance [NMR] contrast preparations; Magnetic resonance imaging [MRI] contrast preparations characterised by the carrier
  • A61K49/085—Nuclear magnetic resonance [NMR] contrast preparations; Magnetic resonance imaging [MRI] contrast preparations characterised by the carrier conjugated systems
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
  • A61K49/00—Preparations for testing in vivo
  • A61K49/06—Nuclear magnetic resonance [NMR] contrast preparations; Magnetic resonance imaging [MRI] contrast preparations
  • A61K49/08—Nuclear magnetic resonance [NMR] contrast preparations; Magnetic resonance imaging [MRI] contrast preparations characterised by the carrier
  • A61K49/10—Organic compounds
  • A61K49/12—Macromolecular compounds
  • A61K49/126—Linear polymers, e.g. dextran, inulin, PEG
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
  • A61K51/00—Preparations containing radioactive substances for use in therapy or testing in vivo
  • A61K51/02—Preparations containing radioactive substances for use in therapy or testing in vivo characterised by the carrier, i.e. characterised by the agent or material covalently linked or complexing the radioactive nucleus
  • A61K51/04—Organic compounds
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
  • A61K51/00—Preparations containing radioactive substances for use in therapy or testing in vivo
  • A61K51/02—Preparations containing radioactive substances for use in therapy or testing in vivo characterised by the carrier, i.e. characterised by the agent or material covalently linked or complexing the radioactive nucleus
  • A61K51/04—Organic compounds
  • A61K51/0474—Organic compounds complexes or complex-forming compounds, i.e. wherein a radioactive metal (e.g. 111In3+) is complexed or chelated by, e.g. a N2S2, N3S, NS3, N4 chelating group
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
  • C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
  • C07D213/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings, not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom and three or more double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members
  • C07D213/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings, not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom and three or more double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having three double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members
  • C07D213/04—Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings, not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom and three or more double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having three double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having no bond between the ring nitrogen atom and a non-ring member or having only hydrogen or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom
  • C07D213/60—Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings, not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom and three or more double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having three double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having no bond between the ring nitrogen atom and a non-ring member or having only hydrogen or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom with hetero atoms or with carbon atoms having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most one bond to halogen, e.g. ester or nitrile radicals, directly attached to ring carbon atoms
  • C07D213/78—Carbon atoms having three bonds to hetero atoms, with at the most one bond to halogen, e.g. ester or nitrile radicals
  • C07D213/81—Amides; Imides

Definitions

• the invention relates to the articles characterized in the claims, namely metal chelates with perfluorinated PEG radical, process for their preparation, and their use, processes for their preparation and their use in NMR and X-ray diagnostics, radiodiagnostics and radiotherapy, and in the MRI lymphography.
• the metal chelates with perfluorinated PEG residue are used in nuclear magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to represent various physiological and pathophysiological structures and thus to improve the diagnostic information, namely the localization and degree of disease, selection and success of a targeted therapy and for prophylaxis.
• MRI nuclear magnetic resonance imaging
• the compounds of the invention are particularly suitable for lymphography, for tumor diagnosis and for infarction and necrosis imaging and are characterized by excellent tolerability.
• fluorine-containing compounds that can be used for imaging are described in US 5,362,478 (VIVORX), US Patent 4,586,511, DE 4008179 (Schering), WO 94/05335 and WO 94/22368 (both Molecular Biosystems), EP 292 306 (TERUMO Kabushiki Kaisha) EP 628 316 (TERUMO Kabushiki Kaisha) and DE 4317588 (Schering). While compounds containing the elements fluorine and iodine do not interact between the two nuclei, in compounds containing fluorine and paramagnetic centers (radicals, metal ions) an intense interaction takes place, resulting in a shortening of the relaxation time of the fluorine core express.
• the size of this effect depends on the number of unpaired electrons of the metal ion (Gd ⁇ + > Mn ⁇ + > Fe ⁇ + > Cu ⁇ + ) and on the distance between the paramagnetic ion and the 19 F atom.
• the 1 H-MR imaging (1H-MRI) is the relaxation time T 1 or T 2 of the protons, that is measured, mainly the protons of water, and not the reaction time of the fluorine nuclei, and used for imaging.
• the quantitative measure for the shortening of the relaxation time is the relaxivity [L / mmol s]. To shorten the relaxation times, complex paramagnetic ions are successfully used.
• the following table shows the relaxivity of some commercial preparations:
• lymph node metastases are found in about 50-69% of all patients with malignant tumors (Elke, Lymphographie, in: Frommhold, Stender, Thurn (eds.), Radiological diagnostics in clinic and practice, Volume IV, Thieme Verlag Stuttgart, 7th ed., 434-496, 1984).
• CT computed tomography
• US and MRI magnetic resonance imaging methods
• lymph node hyperpiasias without malignant involvement
• lymph nodes with metastatic involvement and hyperplastic lymph nodes could be distinguished.
• Direct X-ray lymphography injection of an oily contrast agent suspension into a prepared lymphatic vessel
• injection of an oily contrast agent suspension into a prepared lymphatic vessel is known as a rarely used invasive method, which can only represent a few lymphatic drainage stations.
• fluorescence-labeled dextrans are also used in animal experiments in order to observe lymphatic drainage after their interstitial application.
• All common markers for the presentation of lymphatic glands and lymph nodes after interstitial / intracutaneous administration thus have in common that they are particulate substances (for example emulsions and nanocrystal suspensions) or large polymers (see WO 90/14846).
• particulate substances for example emulsions and nanocrystal suspensions
• large polymers see WO 90/14846.
• the preparations described so far have not proven to be optimally suitable for indirect lymphography.
• the lymphatic system according to the present invention includes both the lymph nodes and the lymphatic vessels.
• the substances of the present invention are therefore suitable for the diagnosis of changes in the lymphatic system, preferably for the diagnosis of changes in the lymph nodes and / or lymphatic vessels, in particular diagnosis of metastases in the lymph nodes.
• lymph-specific contrast agents which make it possible to display both the primary tumor and a possible lymph node metastasis in a diagnostic session.
• myocardial infarction is not a stationary process, but a dynamic process that extends over a longer period (weeks to months).
• the disease occurs in approximately three phases, which are not sharply separated, but overlapping.
• the first phase the development of myocardial infarction, involves the 24 hours after the infarction, in which the destruction progresses from the subendocardium to the myocardium like a shockwave (wave front phenomenon).
• the second phase the existing infarct, involves the stabilization of the area where fiber formation (fibrosis) occurs as a healing process.
• the third phase, the healed infarct begins after all destroyed tissue has been replaced by fibrous scar tissue.
• necrosis While the infarct can be cured to some extent, necrosis, the localized tissue death, can only prevent or at least alleviate the harmful effects on the residual organism. Necrosis can occur in many ways: through injury, chemicals, oxygen deficiency or radiation. As with the infarction, the knowledge of the extent and type of necrosis is important for the further medical procedure.
• the therapeutic index for the porphyrins is very small, since for example for Mn-TPPS an effect only starts at a dose of 0.2 mmol / kg, but the LD50 is already at 0.5 mmol / kg.
• Contrast agents for necrosis and infarct imaging not derived from the porphyrin scaffold are described in DE 19744003 (Schering AG), DE 19744004 (Schering AG) and WO 99/17809 (EPIX). So far, however, there are no compounds that can be satisfactorily used as a contrast agent in infarction and necrosis imaging.
• the object of the invention was therefore to provide contrast media which on the one hand have outstanding imaging properties as MRI contrast agents, and in particular for tumor and necrosis imaging and / or lymphography and / or blood pool imaging and / or for the presentation of thrombi or atherosclerotic plaques, while being excellent in compatibility.
• metal chelates comprising a) at least one perfluorinated PEG radical, and b) at least one chelating radical, and c) at least one metal ion equivalent of atomic numbers 21-29, 31-33, 37-39, 42-44, 49 or 57-83 and salts thereof.
• the metal chelates contain a perfluorinated PEG residue, and a chelating moiety.
• the metal chelates contain a perfluorinated PEG residue and 2 chelator residues.
• the present invention relates to metal chelates according to formula I:
• PEG-Pf represents a perfluorinated PEG radical having 4 to 30 carbon atoms
• Backbone represents a trivalent residue
• K represents a chelate radical consisting of a chelator radical and at least one metal ion equivalent of atomic numbers 21-29, 31-33, 37-39, 42-44, 49 or 57-83, and in the radical K optionally present free acid groups may optionally be present as salts of organic and / or inorganic bases or amino acids or amino acid amides, and polar group represents a polar group.
• intermediates of the above-mentioned metal chelates the intermediates containing a) at least one perfluorinated PEG radical, and b) at least one chelating radical, wherein perfluorinated PEG radical and chelating radical have the abovementioned meaning, and provided that the intermediates do not contain metal ion equivalents of atomic numbers 21-29, 31-33, 37-39, 42-44, 49 or 57-83.
• PEG-Pf is a perfluorinated PEG radical having 4 to 30 carbon atoms
• Left represents a linker group connecting the PEG-Pf residue to the backbone
• Backbone represents a trivalent rest
• K ' represents a chelator residue
• the polar group represents a polar group, provided that the chelator residue is not substituted with a metal ion equivalent of atomic numbers 21-29, 31-33, 37-39, 42-44, 49 or
• Particularly preferred embodiments of the intermediates correspond to the preferred embodiments of the metal chelates, with the proviso that the intermediates are not occupied by a metal ion equivalent of atomic numbers 21-29, 31-33, 37-39, 42-44, 49 or 57-83.
• Preferred embodiments of the perfluorinated PEG radical of the metal chelates and intermediates according to the invention :
• the metal chelates and intermediates contain a perfluorinated PEG radical having 4-30 C atoms, in particular having 4-20 C atoms.
• the perfluorinated PEG radical is linear. Particular preference is given to linear perfluorinated PEG radicals having 6-12 C
• Atoms most preferably with 7, 8, 9, 10, or 11 C atoms.
• the perfluorinated PEG residue is branched.
• Particularly preferred are branched perfluorinated PEG radicals having 8-16 C atoms, very particularly preferably having 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, or 14 C atoms.
• the perfluorinated PEG radical has the following formula XXI:
• n '" is an integer between 0 and 6, preferably 0.1, 2 or 3, and m'" an integer is between 1 and 14, preferably 2 and 9, particularly preferably 2, 3, 4 or 5.
• Preferred embodiments of the chelator moiety of the metal chelates and intermediates according to the invention :
• the metal chelates and intermediates are characterized in that the chelator residue is cyclic or open-chain.
• the chelator residue is cyclic, in particular the chelator residue is a DOTA residue or a derivative thereof.
• R 1 represents a hydrogen atom or a metal ion equivalent of
• R 1 has the abovementioned meaning
• R 2 is hydrogen, C 1 -C 7 alkyl, benzyl, phenyl, -CH 2 OH or CH 2 OCH 3 ;
• R 1 has the abovementioned meaning
• R 14 is H or C 1 - C 4 alkyl
• U 2 is an optionally imino, phenylene, phenyleneoxy, phenyleneimino, amide, hydrazide, carbonyl, ester group, oxygen, sulfur and / or nitrogen atom (s) -containing, optionally substituted by hydroxy, Mercapto, oxo, thioxo, carboxy, carboxyalkyl, ester, and / or amino group (s) substituted straight-chain or branched, saturated or unsaturated C 1 -C 20 alkylene group;
• R 1 has the abovementioned meaning
• R 2 and R 3 independently of one another, are hydrogen, C 1 -C 7 -alkyl
• U is -C 6 H 4 -O-CH 2 -CO-, - (CH 2) -CO L5, a phenylene group, -CH 2 -NHCO- CH 2 -CH (CH 2 COOH) -C 6 H 4 -CO- , -C 6 H 4 - (OCH 2 CH 2 ) O - I -N (CH 2 COOH) - CH 2 -Co or an optionally substituted by one or more oxygen atoms, 1 to 3 -NHCO-, 1 to 3 - CONH groups interrupted and / or substituted with 1 to 3 (CH 2 ) o- 5 COOH groups or - (CH 2 ) 7 .i 2 -C 6 H 4 -O- group, where ⁇ is the -CO- bonding site;
• R 1 and U 2 have the abovementioned meaning; optionally present in the chelating radical optionally free acid groups may be present as salts of organic and / or inorganic bases or amino acids or amino acid amides.
• the radical U in the chelate K of the general formula IVa is preferably - CH 2 - or C 6 H 4 -O-CH 2 -Co, where ⁇ is the point of attachment to -CO-.
• the chelator residue is open-chain, in particular the residue is a DTPA residue or a derivative thereof, or a catecholamide (CAM), terephthalamide (TAM), hydroxypyridone (HOPO) and / or hydroxypyrimidone ( HOPY) based chelator or derivatives thereof.
• CAM catecholamide
• TAM terephthalamide
• HOPO hydroxypyridone
• HOPY hydroxypyrimidone
• the open-chain chelator radical with complexed metal ion is selected from the following radicals:
• R 1 and U 1 have the abovementioned meaning, where ⁇ is the binding site to -CO-;
• K 1 is independently a radical
• Ci.io-alkyl radical represents a hydrogen atom or a straight-chain or branched, saturated or unsaturated Ci.io-alkyl radical, optionally with 1-3 oxygen atoms, 1-3 nitrogen atoms, 1-2 -CONH- and / or 1-3 -NR 5 Is interrupted, optionally with 1-4 hydroxy groups, 1-2 carboxyl (which may be present in protected form), 1-2 -SO 3 H- (which may be present in protected form), 1-2 -PO 3 H 2 - is substituted groups and / or 1-2 halogen atoms and / or in which optionally 1-2 carbon atoms are present as carbonyl groups, wherein the alkyl radical or a part of the alkyl radical may be configured annularly,
• "13 is a hydrogen atom, a straight-chain or branched, saturated or unsaturated C M o-alkyl radical which is optionally interrupted by 1-3 oxygen atoms, 1-3 nitrogen atoms and / or 1-3 - NR 5 radicals, optionally with 1- 2 hydroxy groups, 1-2 carboxyl, 1-2 -SO 3 H, 1-2 -PO 3 H 2 groups and / or 1-2 halogen atoms is substituted and / or in which optionally 1-2 carbon atoms are present as carbonyl groups wherein the alkyl group or a part of the alkyl group can be in cyclic form, -COOH, halogen, -CONR 5 R 6, - represents SO 3 H or -PO 3 H 2,
• R 5 and R 6 independently of one another represent a hydrogen atom or a straight-chain, branched or cyclic, saturated or unsaturated C 1-10 -alkyl radical which is optionally substituted by 1 4 hydroxy groups is substituted or interrupted by 1-2 oxygen atoms,
• W 1 and W 2 independently of one another represent a radical R 1 or -CONR 5 R 6 ,
• U ' is a direct bond or a straight-chain, cyclic or branched, saturated or unsaturated C ⁇ o-alkylene radical, optionally of 1-3 oxygen atoms, 1-3 sulfur atoms, 1-3 nitrogen atoms, 1-3 -NR 5 radicals , 1-3 -
• Halogen atoms and / or 1-3 -O-Cv ⁇ -alkyl groups wherein the alkyl radical is straight-chain, branched or cyclic, saturated or unsaturated, is substituted and / or in which optionally 1-3 carbon atoms may be present as carbonyl groups, wherein the alkylene radical or a Part of the alkylene radical may be ring-shaped and 1-4 carbon atom (s) may be present as carbonyl group (s), - Chelator radical containing a scaffold residue are attached to the 3 radicals of the general formula IX:
• R 7 , R 8 and R 9 are independently selected from H, a linear or branched, d-C ⁇ -alkyl group which may optionally be interrupted with 1-4 oxygen atoms, 1-4 sulfur atoms, 1-4 nitrogen atoms, 1-4 -NR 3 residues, 1-4 -NHCO residues, 1-4 -CONH residues, 1-2 -
• alkyl radical is straight-chain, branched or cyclic, saturated or unsaturated, and / or in which optionally 1-3 carbon atoms may be present as carbonyl groups
• the alkylene radical or a part of the alkylene radical may be ring-shaped, a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group or Aralkyl group, substituted or unsubstituted C 1 -C 6 - heteroalkyl group, or hydroxy, carboxy, amide, ester and amino groups, wherein when A is nitrogen, then R 7 is different from amino and when E is nitrogen, then R is 9 does not exist, and where, for one of the 3 radicals according to formula (IX), R 7 or R 8 or R 9 is a divalent group which connects the chelator radical (with complexed metal ion) to the backbone,
• R 10 is a group selected from H, a substituted or unsubstituted C 1 -C 6 alkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group, substituted or unsubstituted C 1 -C 6 -heterolyl group, or hydroxy, carboxy, amide, and ester groups, and
• A, E and Z are independently selected from carbon and nitrogen ⁇ represents the bond to the scaffold, and there must be at least 3 of the radicals of the formula (IX) to form a chelator in the context of the present invention, these 3 radicals may be the same or different.
• Preferred scaffold is a triethyleneamine radical of the formula:
• Resultant chelator residues are TREN derivatives.
• Particularly preferred chelator residues are TREN-bis-HOPO-TAM residues and derivatives thereof, TREN-tris-HOPO residues, TREN-bis-HOPO-HOPY residues, TREN-tris-HOPY, TREN-bis-HOPY-TAM residues ,
• R 7 is a divalent group connecting the complexed metal ion chelator moiety to the backbone.
• the 3 radicals of the formula (IX) are selected from the following radicals:
• TREN-bis-HOPO-TAM radicals of the following formula:
• TREN-bis-HOPO-TAM radicals in which the R 7 of the TAM radical is a divalent group which connects the chelator radical with complexed metal ion with the backbone.
• the divalent group connecting the complexed metal ion chelator moiety to the backbone is a group
• R8 and R9 are independently H or C1-C4 alkyl groups or C1-C6 hydroxyalkyl groups
• Particularly preferred compounds are those with the chelate K of the general formula IVa.
• U 2 is a C 1 -C 6 alkylene chain which is optionally interrupted by 1 to 2 -NHCO groups and / or 1 to 1 O atoms, and which may be substituted by 1 to 3 -OH groups.
• the radical U 2 in the metal complex K particularly preferably denotes a linear alkylene group having 1 to 6 C atoms, in particular 2, 3 or 4 C atoms, or a linear alkylene group having 1 to 6 C atoms, in particular 2, 3 or 4 C Atom interrupted by 1 O atom or a linear alkylene group having 1 to 6 C atoms, in particular 2, 3 or 4 C atoms, which contains an -NHCO group.
• U 2 is an ethylene group.
• the alkyl groups R 2 and R 3 in the macrocycle of the general formula IVa can be straight-chain or branched. Examples which may be mentioned are methyl, ethyl, propyl, isopropyl, n-butyl, 1-methylpropyl, 2-methylpropyl, n-pentyl, 1-methylbutyl, 2-methylbutyl, 3-methylbutyl, 1, 2-dimethylpropyl.
• R 2 and R 3 are independently hydrogen or C 1 -C 4 -A ⁇ yI.
• R 2 is methyl and R 3 is hydrogen.
• the benzyl group or the phenyl group R 2 or R 3 in the chelate K of the general formula IVa may also be substituted in the ring.
• the compounds of the formula VIII and IX according to the invention comprise catechol residues. These residues contribute to the coordination or charge balance of a coordinated metal ion. Therefore, Z is either a hydrogen atom or a metal ion equivalent.
• the hydroxypyridinone or hydroxypyrimidone radical which may stand for K 'in the general formula VIII, in a preferred embodiment bears a substituent R 12 which represents a hydrogen atom or a straight-chain or branched, saturated or unsaturated C 1-10 -alkyl radical which is optionally with 1-3 oxygen atoms, 1-3 nitrogen atoms and / or 1-3 - NR 5 radicals is interrupted, optionally with 1-4 hydroxy groups, 1-2 carboxyl (which may be present in protected form), 1-2 SO 3 H- (which may be present in protected form), 1-2 -PO 3 H 2 groups and / or 1 -2 halogen atoms is substituted and / or wherein optionally 1-2
• Carbon atoms are present as carbonyl groups, wherein the alkyl radical or a part of the alkyl radical may be configured annular.
• R 12 is a hydrogen atom or a straight-chain or branched, preferably straight-chain C 1-8 -alkyl radical which is substituted by 1-2
• R 12 Oxygen atoms or interrupted by 1-2 -CONH- and / or 1-4 hydroxy groups, a carboxyl group and / or a group -SO 3 H may be substituted.
• Preferred examples of R 12 are -H, -CH 2 -CO-NH 2 , -CH 3 , -CH 2 -CH 3 , -CH 2 -CH 2 -CH 3 , -CH (CH 3 ) -CH 3 , C (CH 3) (CH 3) -CH 3, -CH 2 -OH, -CH 2 - CH 2 -OH, -CH 2 -CH 2 -O-CH 3, -CH 2 -COOH, -CH 2 - COOt-BUt, -CH 2 -
• -H methoxyethyl, methyl, -CH 2 -CO-NH 2 and -CH 2 -COOH, in particular -CH 2 -CO-NH 2 , methoxyethyl and methyl.
• W 1 and W 2 independently represent a radical R 12 , wherein R 12 is as defined above and also includes the above preferred radicals.
• W 1 and W 2 are independently a hydrogen atom or a straight-chain or branched, preferably straight-chain C 1-5 -alkyl radical, in particular a hydrogen atom or a methyl radical.
• one of W 1 and W 2 may be a hydrogen atom and the other of W 1 and W 2 may be a methyl group, or W 1 and W 2 may both be a hydrogen atom.
• the catechol radical which may alternatively be K 'in the formula VIII, carries a substituent R 13 .
• This may be a hydrogen atom, a straight-chain or branched, saturated or unsaturated Ci. 10 -alkyl radical which is optionally interrupted by 1-3 oxygen atoms, 1-3 nitrogen atoms and / or 1-3 -NR 5 radicals, optionally with 1-2 hydroxyl groups, 1-2 carboxyl, 1-2 - SO 3 H -, 1-2 -PO 3 H 2 groups and / or 1-2 halogen atoms is substituted and / or in which optionally 1-2 carbon atoms are present as carbonyl groups, wherein the alkyl radical or a portion of the alkyl radical may be configured annular, -COOH , Halogen, -CONR 5 R 6 , -SO 3 H or -PO 3 H 2 .
• Preferred alkyl radicals as well as substituted and heteroatom-interrupted alkyl radicals for R 13 are those as
• Particularly suitable as C 1-6 -alkyl radicals for R 5 and R 6 are methyl, ethyl, propyl, isopropyl, n-butyl, isobutyl, tert-butyl, pentyl, hexyl, cyclohexyl, 2-hydroxyethyl and -CH [CH 2 -O-CH- (CH 2 -OH) 2 ] 2
• U 'in the formula (VIII) represents a phenylene or cyclohexylene radical or a straight-chain or branched, saturated C 1-10 -alkylene radical which is substituted by an oxygen atom, an -NR 5 radical, one or two Amide radical (s) and / or a phenylene radical may be interrupted and in which one or two carbon atom (s) may be present as the carbonyl group (s).
• Very particular preference is given to a straight-chain or branched, saturated C 1-4 -alkylene radical in which one or two carbon atoms (e) are present as the carbonyl group (s).
• U ' may be selected from the group consisting of -CH 2 - CH 2 -CO-, -CH 2 -CH 2 -CO-NH-CH 2 -CH 2 -CO-, -CH 2 -CO-NH-CH 2 -CO-, -
• the linker is a carbon chain having 1-15 C atoms, which may be straight or branched, saturated or unsaturated, and which is optionally interrupted by 1 -5 oxygen atoms, 1-3 -NHCO groups, 1-3 CONH groups, 1-2 sulfur atoms, 1-4 -NH groups and / or 1-2 phenylene groups optionally with 1-2 OH groups, 1-2 NH2 groups, 1-2 -COOH groups, or 1-2 -SO3H groups may be substituted, and which is optionally substituted with 1-6 OH groups, 1-5 - COOH groups (which may be present in protected form), 1-2 S03H groups (optionally in protected form), 1-3 NH2 groups and / or 1-3 C1-C4 alkoxy groups.
• the linker is a group of the formula X:
• Is DO or S n is an integer between 1 and 15
• m and m "" are independently either 0 or 1
• ⁇ is the binding site of the linker to PEG-Pf
• K is the binding site of the linker to the backbone.
• m "" is equal to 1.
• backbone is a phosphorus- and / or nitrogen-containing radical, particularly preferably a nitrogen-containing radical, very particularly preferably a nitrogen-containing radical selected from: amino acids with a functional side chain such as aspartic acid, gutaminic acid, serine, cysteine, ornithines, lysines and 2,4 diamino-butyric acid, and an alkylenediamine radical and
• the backbone is selected from the following groups XIa to XIm:
• n 'and m' independently represent an integer between 0 and 4, and m '+ n'> 1, and
• R 11 and R 11 are independently either -H or -OH, where m '+ n'> 1, any group - (CR 11 R 11 ) - may be the same or different, and
• W is either a direct bond, -O- or a phenylene
• Backbone binding site to the chelate K means that ß is the binding site of backbone to the polar group and ⁇ represents the binding site of backbone to the rest linker.
• Preferred metal chelates are those with backbone (XIb), (XIc), (XIe) and (XIm).
• the polar group is a monosaccharide radical having 5 or 6 C atoms or an oligosaccharide radical, preferably glucose, mannose, galactose , Ribose, arabinose or xylose or their deoxysugar such as 6-deoxygalactose (fucose) or 6-deoxymannose (rhamnose) or their peralkylated derivatives.
• glucose, mannose and oligosaccharide radical preferably glucose, mannose, galactose , Ribose, arabinose or xylose or their deoxysugar such as 6-deoxygalactose (fucose) or 6-deoxymannose (rhamnose) or their peralkylated derivatives.
• the polar group is a radical selected from the chelate radicals of the general formulas II to IX, where R 1 here represents a hydrogen atom or a metal ion equivalent of atomic numbers 20-29, 31-33, 37-39, 42-44, 49 or 57-83, and
• R 14 is hydrogen or C 1 - C 4 alkyl.
• the polar group is selected from one of the following radicals:
• R 1 , R 2 , R 3 and U are as defined above for formula (IVa), p is either 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 or 9, and
• R ' is either -H or -CH 3
• R ' is either H or a C1 to C4 alkyl.
• p is 1, 2, 3, or 4.
• the polar group is a backbone-bound radical of the formula:
• the metal ion of the signaling group must be paramagnetic.
• ions are the chromium (III), iron (II), cobalt (II), nickel (II), copper (II), praseodymium (III),
• the metal ion must be radioactive.
• radioisotopes of the elements of atomic numbers 27, 29, 31-33, 37-39, 43, 49, 62, 64, 70, 75 and 77 are suitable.
• Preferred are technetium, gallium, indium, rhenium and yttrium.
• the metal ion is preferably derived from a higher atomic number element in order to achieve a sufficient absorption of the X-rays. It has been found that for this purpose diagnostic agents containing a physiologically compatible complex salt with metal ions of elements of atomic numbers 25, 26 and 39 and 57-83 are suitable.
• R 1 optionally present azide hydrogen atoms, that is, those which have not been substituted by the central ion can optionally completely or partially replaced by cations of inorganic and / or organic bases or amino acids or amino acid amides.
• Suitable inorganic cations are, for example, the lithium ion, the potassium ion, the calcium ion and in particular the sodium ion.
• Cations of organic bases include those of primary, secondary or tertiary amines, such as ethanolamine,
• N-methylglucamine N-methylglucamine.
• Suitable cations of amino acids are, for example, those of lysine, arginine and ornithine and the amides of otherwise acidic or neutral amino acids.
• the compounds according to the invention are particularly suitable for use in NMR and X-ray diagnostics, radiodiagnosis and radiotherapy, as well as in MRI lymphography.
• the metal chelates with perfluorinated PEG residue are particularly suitable for use in nuclear magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) for the representation of various physiological and pathophysiological structures and thus for improving the diagnostic information, such as the location and degree of disease, for the selection and success of a targeted therapy and for the prophylaxis of diseases and disorders.
• MRI nuclear magnetic resonance imaging
• Suitable diseases and disorders include tumor diseases, in particular detection and characterization of primary tumors, distant metastases, lymph node metastases and necrosis, cardiovascular diseases, in particular changes in vessel diameter such as stenoses and aneurysms, atherosclerosis by detection of atherosclerotic plaques, thromboembolic disorders, infarcts, necrosis, inflammation , in particular arthritis, osteomyelitis, ulcerative colitis, as well as nerve damage.
• the substances according to the invention are used for MRI lymphography. In a further particularly preferred embodiment, the substances according to the invention are used for blood pool imaging.
• the substances according to the invention are used for necrosis or tumor imaging.
• the invention also relates to pharmaceutical compositions containing at least one physiologically acceptable compound of the invention, optionally with the additives customary in galenicals.
• the compounds of the present invention are characterized by excellent compatibility and at the same time excellent imaging properties. They are therefore particularly well suited for systemic use in MRI, in particular in MRI lymphography and in tumor imaging.
• the compounds are characterized by excellent systemic compatibility.
• compositions according to the invention are prepared in a manner known per se by suspending or dissolving the complex compounds according to the invention-optionally with the addition of the additives customary in galenicals-in an aqueous medium and then, if appropriate, sterilizing the suspension or solution.
• suitable additives are for example physiologically acceptable buffers (such as tromethamine), additions of complexing agents or weak complexes (such as diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid or the corresponding to the metal complexes of the invention Ca complexes) or - if necessary - electrolyte ⁇ such as sodium chloride or - if required - Antioxidants such as ascorbic acid.
• compositions of the invention When suspensions or solutions of the compositions of the invention in water or physiological saline are desired for enteral or parenteral administration or other purposes, they are administered with one or more in the Galenic usual excipient (s) [for example, methyl cellulose, lactose, mannitol] and / or surfactant (s) [for example, lecithins, Tween ®, Myrj ®] and / or flavoring substance (s) for taste correction [for example, ethereal oils] mixed.
• s for example, methyl cellulose, lactose, mannitol
• surfactant for example, lecithins, Tween ®, Myrj ®
• flavoring substance (s) for taste correction for example, ethereal oils
• the invention therefore also relates to processes for the preparation of the complex compounds and their salts. As last certainty remains a cleaning of the isolated complex.
• agents according to the invention may be administered together with a suitable carrier such as, for example, serum or saline and together with another protein such as, for example, human serum albumin (HSA).
• a suitable carrier such as, for example, serum or saline
• another protein such as, for example, human serum albumin (HSA).
• agents according to the invention are usually administered parenterally, preferably i.v. They may also be administered intravascularly or interstitially / intracutaneously, depending on whether body vessels or tissues are to be examined.
• compositions according to the invention preferably contain 0.1 ⁇ mol - 2 mol / l of the complex and are usually dosed in amounts of 0.0001 - 5 mmol / kg.
• compositions of the invention meet the diverse requirements for suitability as a contrast agent for magnetic resonance imaging.
• they are ideally suited to improve after oral or parenteral administration by increasing the signal intensity of the image obtained using the magnetic resonance imaging in its validity.
• they show the high potency that is necessary to the body with the lowest possible levels of foreign substances and the outstanding tolerability necessary to maintain the non-invasive nature of the studies.
• the good solubility in water and low osmolality of the compositions according to the invention makes it possible to produce highly concentrated solutions in order to keep the volume load of the circulation within acceptable limits and to compensate for the dilution by the body fluid.
• the agents according to the invention not only have a high stability in vitro, but also a surprisingly high stability in vivo, so that a release or an exchange of bound in the complexes - in itself toxic - ions within the time in which the new contrast agents completely excreted again, only very slowly.
• the agents according to the invention are dosed for use as NMR diagnostic agents in amounts of 0.0001-5 mmol / kg, preferably 0.005-0.5 mmol / kg.
• the complex compounds according to the invention can be used advantageously as susceptibility reagents and as shift reagents for in vivo NMR spectroscopy.
• agents according to the invention are also suitable as radiodiagnostic agents because of their favorable radioactive properties and the good stability of the complex compounds contained in them. Details of such application and dosage will e.g. in "Radiotracers for Medical Applications", CRC Press, Boca Raton, Florida.
• the compounds and agents of the present invention can also be used in positron emission tomography using positron-emitting isotopes such as 43sc, 44sc, 52 Fe, 55 Co, 68 Ga, and 86 Y (Heiss, WD, Phelps, ME, Positron Emission Tomography of Brain , Springer Verlag Berlin, Heidelberg, New York 1983).
• positron-emitting isotopes such as 43sc, 44sc, 52 Fe, 55 Co, 68 Ga, and 86 Y (Heiss, WD, Phelps, ME, Positron Emission Tomography of Brain , Springer Verlag Berlin, Heidelberg, New York 1983).
• the compounds of the invention are characterized in particular by the fact that they are completely eliminated from the body and thus are extremely well tolerated. Thus, the excellent imaging properties can be utilized and the non-invasive nature of the diagnosis maintained.
• the substances according to the invention can also support the radiation therapy of malignant tumors. This differs from the corresponding diagnosis only by the amount and type of isotope used.
• the goal is the destruction of tumor cells by high-energy short-wave radiation with the shortest possible range.
• interactions of the metals contained in the complexes such as iron or gadolinium
• ionizing radiation eg X-rays
• neutron beams are exploited. This effect significantly increases the local radiation dose at the site where the metal complex is located (eg in tumors).
• the metal complex conjugates according to the invention are therefore also suitable as a radiosensitizing substance in the radiotherapy of malignant tumors (eg exploitation of Mössbauer effects or in neutron capture therapy).
• Suitable ⁇ -emitting ions are, for example, 46 Sc, 47 Sc, 48 Sc, 72 Ga, 73 Ga, and 90 Y.
• Suitable low half-life ⁇ -emitting ions are, for example, 21 1 Bj 1 212 ⁇ j 213 ⁇ j and 214Bi 1, with 212 ⁇ j being preferred ,
• a suitable photon and electron emitting ion is 8 8 Gd, which can be obtained from 157Qd by neutron capture.
• the agent according to the invention is for use in the method described by RL Mills et al. Proposed (Nature Vol. 336, (1988) 787] variant of the radiation determines the central ion must come from a Mössbauer isotope such as 57p eo the " ⁇ Eu derived.
• agents according to the invention may be combined with a suitable carrier, for example serum or physiological Saline and co-administered with another protein such as human serum albumin.
• a suitable carrier for example serum or physiological Saline and co-administered with another protein such as human serum albumin.
• the dosage depends on the type of cellular disorder, the metal ion used and the type of imaging method.
• agents according to the invention are usually administered parenterally, preferably i.v. They may also be administered intravascularly or interstitially / intracutaneously, as previously discussed, depending on whether body vessels or tissues are to be examined.
• compositions according to the invention are outstandingly suitable as X-ray contrast agents, it being particularly noteworthy that they do not show any signs of the anaphylactic reactions known from the iodine-containing contrast agents in biochemical-pharmacological investigations. They are particularly valuable because of the favorable absorption properties in higher-voltage regions for digital subtraction techniques.
• the agents according to the invention are dosed for use as X-ray contrast agents in analogy to, for example, meglumine diatrizoate in amounts of 0.1-5 mmol / kg, preferably 0.25-1 mmol / kg.
• metal ion equivalent as used in the present application a conventional and known in the art concept in the field of coordination chemistry.
• a metal ion equivalent is an equivalent of metal ions which instead of hydrogen can bind to a, for example, carboxylate group.
• a Gd 3+ to 3 Bind carboxylate groups ie 1/3 Gd 3+ corresponds to the metal ion equivalent R 1, for example in formula (II), (III), (IV), (IVa), (IVb), (Va), (Vb), (VI) or (VII) when the metal is gadolinium.
• a "PEG radical” in the context of the present invention is a monovalent linear or branched alkyl radical having up to 30 carbon atoms containing at least one ethylene oxide radical.
• the radical is linear.
• the radical contains 1-14 ethylene oxide radicals Particular preference is given to PEG radicals in which all the ethylene oxide radicals according to the following formula are present in the radical: * 4-c- c- o- 1- *
• a "perfluorinated PEG radical” in the context of the present invention is a monovalent radical derived from a PEG radical, with the remainder being perfluorinated.
• a "polar group” in the meaning of the present invention is a radical containing functional groups whose characteristic electron distributions give the substance according to the invention a considerable electric dipole moment., Such groups cause and are therefore also the affinity for other polar chemical compounds (see also intermolecular forces) are responsible for the hydrophilic character of the substances according to the invention, and polar radicals are those having an electric dipole moment and polarized covalent bond.
• TREN in the sense of the present invention is the abbreviation for tris (aminoethyl) amine.
• HOPO in the context of the present invention is the abbreviation for Hydroxyßyridinon “HOPY” in the context of the present invention is the abbreviation for Hvdroxvpvrimidinon “TAM” in the context of the present invention is the abbreviation for Terephthalamide
• “Chelator” in the context of the present invention is a complex-forming substance having a complex with a stability constant of at least 10 15 with at least one metal ion of atomic numbers 21-29, 31-33, 37-39, 42-44, 49 or 57-83 "preferably at least 10 18
• the stability constant is as in (Martell, AE; Motekaitis, RJ The determination and Use ofStability constants, 2 nd ed .; VCH: New York, 1992). determined as described.
• the invention further relates to a process for the preparation of perfluoro-PEG-containing metal complexes of the general formula I. PEG-P; Left backbone K
• K in the meaning of a metal complex of one of the general formulas II, III, IVa, IVb, Va, Vb, VI to VIII, and linker, backbone, polar group and PEG-P f , in the meaning indicated above, characterized by in a manner known per se, a carboxylic acid of the general formula II
• R 1 is a metal ion equivalent of atomic numbers 21-29, 31-33, 37-39, 42-44, 49 or 57-83 or a carboxyl protecting group, and R 4 and U 1 have the abovementioned meaning
• R 1 and R 2 have the meaning given or a carboxylic acid of general formula IVa or IVb
• R 1 , R 2 , R 3 and U, U 2 have the meaning mentioned or a carboxylic acid of the general formula Va or Vb
• R 1 has the meaning of a protective group
• the mixture of metal complex carboxylic acid used in the coupling reaction which optionally contains carboxy and / or hydroxyl groups in protected form, and at least one solubilizing agent in an amount up to 5, preferably 0.5-2 molar equivalents based on the metal complex carboxylic acid can both in an upstream Reaction step prepared and isolated (for example, by evaporation, freeze-drying or spray-drying of an aqueous or water-miscible solution of the ingredients or by precipitation with an organic solvent from such a solution) and then reacted in DMSO with dehydrating reagent and optionally a coupling excipient as also in situ optionally by addition of solubilizing substance (s) are formed to the DMSO suspension of metal complex carboxylic acid, dehydrating reagent and optionally a coupling excipient.
• the reaction solution prepared by one of these methods is for pretreatment (acid activation) 1 to 24, preferably maintained for 3 to 12 hours at temperatures of 0 to 50 ° C, preferably at room temperature.
• linker backbone, polar group and PEG-P f , those given above
• reaction solution thus obtained is maintained at temperatures of 0 to 70 ° C, preferably 30 to 60 ° C, 1 to 48, preferably 8 to 24 hours.
• a base such as e.g. Triethylamine, diisopropylethylamine, N-methylmorpholine, pyridine, tripropylamine, tributylamine, lithium hydroxide, lithium carbonate, sodium hydroxide or sodium carbonate.
• the protective groups which may still be present are subsequently split off.
• the isolation of the reaction product is carried out by the methods known in the art, preferably by precipitation with organic solvents, preferably acetone, 2-butanone, diethyl ether, ethyl acetate, methyl t-butyl ether, isopropanol or mixtures thereof. Further purification can be carried out, for example, by chromatography, crystallization or ultrafiltration.
• organic solvents preferably acetone, 2-butanone, diethyl ether, ethyl acetate, methyl t-butyl ether, isopropanol or mixtures thereof.
• Suitable solubilizing substances are alkali metal, alkaline earth metal, trialkylammonium, tetraalkylammonium salts, ureas, N-hydroxyimides, hydroxyaryltriazoles, substituted phenols and salts of heterocyclic amines.
• Examples which may be mentioned are: lithium chloride, lithium bromide, lithium iodide, sodium bromide, sodium iodide, lithium methanesulfonate, sodium methanesulfonate, lithium p-toluenesulfonate, sodium p-toluenesulfonate, potassium bromide, potassium iodide, sodium chloride,
• dehydrating reagents are all known in the art means.
• examples include carbodiimides and onium reagents such.
• DCCI Dicyclohexylcarbodiimide
• EDC 1-ethyl-3- (3-dimethylaminopropyl) carbodiimide hydroxychloride
• BOP benzotriazole-i-yloxytris
• BOP benzotriazole-i-yloxytris
• Suitable coupling auxiliaries to be used are all those which are known to the person skilled in the art (Houben-Weyl, Methods of Organic Chemistry, Vol. XV / 2, Georg Thieme Verlag, Stuttgart, 1974). Examples which may be mentioned are 4-nitrophenol, N-hydroxysuccinimide, 1-hydroxybenzotriazole, 1-hydroxy-7-azabenzotriazole, 3,5-dinitrophenol and pentafluorophenol. Preference is given to 4-nitrophenol and N-hydroxysuccinimide, the first-mentioned reagent being particularly preferred.
• the cleavage of the protective groups is carried out by the methods known to those skilled in the art, for example by hydrolysis, hydrogenolysis, alkaline saponification of the esters with alkali in aqueous-alcoholic solution at temperatures from 0 ° to 50 ° C.,
• R 1 represents a metal ion equivalent of atomic numbers 21-29, 31-33, 37-39, 42-44, 49 ooddeerr 5577--8833 ooddeerr eeiinnee CCaarboxyltiken, and U 2 and R 14 in the meaning indicated above,
• linker, backbone, polar group and PEG-P f are those given above
• the carboxylic acids of the general formulas IIa to VIIa used are either known compounds or are prepared by the processes described in the examples, see DE 10040381 and DE 10040858. Thus, the preparation of the Carboxylic acids of general formula IIa from DE 196 52 386 known. Amines of the general formula IV can be prepared as described in WO 95/17451.
• ⁇ is the binding site of backbone to the chelate K
• ß is the binding site of backbone to the polar group
• ⁇ represents the binding site of backbone to the radical linker
• cleavage of the protective groups is carried out by the methods known to those skilled in the art, for example by hydrolysis, hydrogenolysis, alkaline saponification of the esters with alkali in aqueous-alcoholic solution at temperatures of 0 ° to 50 ° C, acid hydrolysis with mineral acids or in the case of eg tert. Butyl esters using trifluoroacetic acid. FProtective Groups in Organic Synthesis, 2nd Edition, TW Greene and PGM Wuts, John Wiley and Sons, Inc., New York, 1991], in the case of benzyl ethers with hydrogen / palladium / carbon.
• the cleavage of the protecting groups is carried out according to the method described above, known in the art.
• Nu is a nucleophile
• a base and optionally a phase transfer catalyst are reacted.
• a nucleofuge in the alkylating reagent of general formula XVIc, for example, the radicals -Cl, -Br, -J, -OTs, -OMs, -OSO 2 CF 3 , -OSO 2 C 4 F 9 or -OSO 2 C 8 F 17 be included.
• Acids of the general formula (XVIb) can be prepared by reacting alcohols of the general formula XIX
• the radicals -Cl 1 -Br, -J, -OTs, -OMs, -OSO 2 CF 3 , -OSO 2 C 4 F 9 or -OSO 2 C 8 F 17 may be contained ,
• the protecting group is a common acid protecting group. These protecting groups are well known to those skilled in the art (Protective Groups in Organic Syntheses, Second Edition, T.W. Greene and P.G.M. Wuts, John Wiley & Sons Inc., New York 1991).
• the reaction of the invention can be carried out at temperatures of 0-5O 0 C, preferably from 0 0 C to room temperature.
• the reaction times are from 10 minutes to 24 hours, preferably from 20 minutes to 12 hours.
• the base is added either in solid form, preferably finely powdered, or as a 10-70%, preferably 30-50%, aqueous solution.
• Preferred bases are NaOH and KOH.
• Suitable organic, water-immiscible solvents in the alkylation process according to the invention include toluene, benzene, CF 3 -benzene, hexane, cyclohexane, diethyl ether, tetrahydrofuran, dichloromethane, MTB or mixtures thereof.
• phase transfer catalysts used in the process according to the invention known for this purpose quaternary ammonium or phosphonium salts or crown ethers such. [15] Crown-5 or [18] Crown-6.
• Quaternary ammonium salts having four identical or different hydrocarbon groups on the cation selected from methyl, ethyl, propyl, isopropyl, butyl or isobutyl, are preferably suitable.
• the hydrocarbon groups on the cation must be large enough to ensure good solubility of the alkylating reagent in the organic solvent.
• N (butyl) 4 + -Cr, N (butyl) 4 + -HSO 4 " , but also N (methyl) 4 + -CI " is particularly preferably used according to the invention.
• Amines of the general formula (XVIa) can be obtained by the following process: from the corresponding acids of the general formula (XVIb) by reaction with primary amines or ammonia by methods known to those skilled in the art of amide formation, and subsequent reduction, in a conventional manner with diborane or lithium aluminum hydride.
• Nucleophiles of the general formula (XVIc) can be obtained by the following procedure: from the corresponding acids of the general formula (XVIb) by reduction, in a manner known per se, with DIBAL or lithium aluminum hydride to the corresponding secondary alcohols. These can be followed by a Mitsunobu reaction [O. Mitsunobu, Synthesisis, 1981, 1-28] into the corresponding nucleophiles.
• the compounds according to the invention are particularly suitable for imaging the blood space, for example as a bloodpool agent.
• the organic phase is separated and washed twice with 500 ml of water, then dried over magnesium sulfate and evaporated to dryness in vacuo.
• the residue is suspended in a mixture consisting of 1200 ml of methanol and 0.5 M sodium hydroxide solution in a ratio of 2: 1 and then heated to 60 ° C. for 12 hours.
• the reaction mixture is neutralized for work-up by addition of Amberlite IR 120 (H + form) cation exchange resin, filtered off from the exchanger, evaporated to dryness and chromatographed on silica gel (eluent: ethyl acetate / hexane 1: 3).
• Residue is chromatographed on silica gel (mobile phase:
• Ethanol is added to 2.0 g of palladium catalyst (10% Pd / C) and hydrogenated for 24 h at
• Ethanol is added to 1.0 g of palladium catalyst (10% Pd / C) and hydrogenated for 24 h at room temperature. The mixture is filtered off from the catalyst and the filtrate is evaporated in vacuo
• IO-tetraazacyclododecane, Gd complex (WO 98/24775, Schering AG, (Example 1)) are added with gentle heating in 100 ml of dimethyl sulfoxide solved. At 10 0 C is added 2.33 g (11.31 mmol) of dicyclohexylcarbodiimide and stirred for 16 h at room temperature. The solution is poured into 2000 ml of acetone and stirred for 10 minutes. The precipitated solid is filtered off and then purified by chromatography (RP-18, mobile phase: gradient of water / acetonitrile).
• EEDQ (2-ethoxy-1,2-dihydroquinoline-1-carboxylic acid ethyl ester) and stirred for 16 h at room temperature. It is evaporated to dryness in vacuo and chromatographed the
• Ethanol is added to 2.0 g of palladium catalyst (10% Pd / C) and hydrogenated for 24 h at
• reaction solution is evaporated to dryness in vacuo, the residue is mixed with 300 ml of water and adjusted to pH 3 with 3 N hydrochloric acid.
• the mixture is then extracted three times with 200 ml of n-butanol, the combined butanol phases are evaporated to dryness in vacuo and the residue is purified by chromatography (RP-18, mobile phase: gradient of water / acetonitrile).
• Example 23b Title compound from Example 23b are dissolved in 50 ml of methanol and stirred at a temperature of 50 0 C for 48 h. It is evaporated to dryness and then purified by chromatography (RP-18, mobile phase: gradient of water / acetonitrile).
• T1 and T2 relaxation times of water and plasma (bovine) containing therein increasing concentrations of the substance from Example 2c) were at 40 ° C using an NMR Pulse Spectrometer (Minispec PC 20) at 0.47 T (Table 1).
• CMC critical micelle concentration
• Histamine blanks were normal in the awake rat in the literature.
• the compounds of the invention did not induce any relevant
• Table 2 Plasma histamine levels after administration of the substances from Example 2 c) and Example 22 c).
• Table 4 Plasma kinetics after application of the substances from Examples 2 c), 21 c) and 22 c).
• Example 37 MRI presentation of lymph nodes after intravenous administration in rats
• the figures show examples of M R recordings of popliteal lymph nodes at different time points after intravenous administration of 50 ⁇ mol Gd / kg body weight of the substance from Example 2 c) in Figure 1, the substance from Example 21 c) in Figure 2, as well as the substance from Example 22 c) in Figure 3 in rats.
• the T-j-weighted turbo spin-echo images (1.5 T, sequence: T1-TSE, TR 451 ms, TE 8.7 ms) illustrate the strong signal increase in the functional lymph node tissue at early times (up to 60 min p.i.).

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