EP2087283B1 - Unité de brûleur et dispositif de combustion utilisant ladite unité - Google Patents

Unité de brûleur et dispositif de combustion utilisant ladite unité Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2087283B1
EP2087283B1 EP07858928.0A EP07858928A EP2087283B1 EP 2087283 B1 EP2087283 B1 EP 2087283B1 EP 07858928 A EP07858928 A EP 07858928A EP 2087283 B1 EP2087283 B1 EP 2087283B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
burner
burner unit
combustion
unit
solid fuel
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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Application number
EP07858928.0A
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German (de)
English (en)
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EP2087283A2 (fr
Inventor
Luigi Borelli
Mario Panizzon
Renzo Volpato
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Ecoflam Bruciatori SpA
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Ecoflam Bruciatori SpA
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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23C—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING FLUID FUEL OR SOLID FUEL SUSPENDED IN  A CARRIER GAS OR AIR 
    • F23C1/00—Combustion apparatus specially adapted for combustion of two or more kinds of fuel simultaneously or alternately, at least one kind of fuel being either a fluid fuel or a solid fuel suspended in a carrier gas or air
    • F23C1/02—Combustion apparatus specially adapted for combustion of two or more kinds of fuel simultaneously or alternately, at least one kind of fuel being either a fluid fuel or a solid fuel suspended in a carrier gas or air lump and liquid fuel
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23C—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING FLUID FUEL OR SOLID FUEL SUSPENDED IN  A CARRIER GAS OR AIR 
    • F23C1/00—Combustion apparatus specially adapted for combustion of two or more kinds of fuel simultaneously or alternately, at least one kind of fuel being either a fluid fuel or a solid fuel suspended in a carrier gas or air
    • F23C1/04—Combustion apparatus specially adapted for combustion of two or more kinds of fuel simultaneously or alternately, at least one kind of fuel being either a fluid fuel or a solid fuel suspended in a carrier gas or air lump and gaseous fuel

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a burner unit of the type comprising a first solid fuel burner and a second fluid fuel burner, acting in a combined manner, particularly suited for installation in a combustion device for internal heating in buildings.
  • the invention also relates to a combustion device for internal heating in buildings using the aforesaid burner unit.
  • combustion devices are well-known concept for internal heating in both domestic and public buildings using solid fuel in very small pieces, preferably composed of cylindrical items obtained through pressing wood chips, commonly referred to as "pellets".
  • Said combustion devices comprise a burner unit composed of a support grid for the pellets, set at the base of a combustion chamber, commonly called a "hearth", wherein the flame is generated.
  • the hot fumes generated in the combustion chamber are conveyed into a heat exchange unit wherein they yield their heat to a thermal carrier fluid that, according to the situation, can be either air or water, and that is then conveyed into the room to be heated.
  • a thermal carrier fluid that, according to the situation, can be either air or water, and that is then conveyed into the room to be heated.
  • combustion begins a few minutes after switch-on, the period necessary to heat the pellets to their ignition temperature.
  • This aspect causes the first drawback, in that the pellets begin to supply heat with a considerable delay in relation to the switch-on of the combustion device, creating problems for the user.
  • the burner unit of the combustion device 22 (see figs. 2 and/or 11) comprises a first solid fuel burner 9 and a second fluid fuel burner 2 operating in a combination manner, both connected to the exterior for the feeding of combustion air; said first 9 and second 2 burner share a single common combustion chamber 7 wherein the flames of both burners are generated.
  • the flames of the fluid fuel burner 2 are directed against the solid fuel burner 9 so as to provoke the ignition of the solid fuel, contained in it, in a short time. Consequently, said fluid fuel burner 2 is stopped and the combustion in said combustion chamber 7 is maintained only through the burning of solid fuel.
  • flames of the fluid fuel burner serves exclusively to alight the solid fuel in the corresponding burner 9.
  • the present invention proposes to overcome all the aforesaid drawbacks.
  • a first aim of the invention is to provide an improved burner unit of the type comprising a solid fuel burner and a combustion device using said burner unit wherein the ignition time for the solid fuel is considerably less than that of prior art.
  • Another aim of the invention is to prevent prolonged flame interruption, even in cases of possible temporary lack of solid fuel.
  • the aforesaid aims are also achieved by a combustion device including the burner unit of the invention.
  • the burner unit of the invention comprises a first solid fuel burner and a second fluid fuel burner, that share a single common combustion chamber wherein the flames of both fuels are generated.
  • the flames of the second fluid fuel burner provoke the ignition of the solid fuel within a very short time and less than the time according to prior art systems, as will be described further on.
  • the shorter ignition time also provokes a corresponding reduction in the quantity of harmful gas produced during the stage preceding ignition.
  • the energy in the form of fluid fuel required to ignite the solid fuel is less and thus less costly than the electrical energy used in systems according to prior art.
  • the flames generated by the fluid fuel are more stable than those of solid fuel, above all when said fuel is of low quality, and therefore can contribute towards maintaining the total thermal power supplied by both flames, substantially constant.
  • the fluid fuel burner can contribute towards compensating possible thermal peak needs.
  • the burner unit of the invention is shown in fig. 1 , wherein it is identified throughout by the numeral 1, and it comprises a first solid fuel burner 2 and a second gas oil burner 4 operating in a combined manner.
  • the following description refers to a solid fuel composed of pellets 3 although, in other embodiments of the invention, any other type of small sized solid fuel could be used, such as coal, pieces of wood, or solid fuel of plant origin.
  • gas oil burner 4 can be replaced by a different type of burner using any type of fluid fuel, whether liquid or gaseous.
  • the second burner 4 shares the same combustion chamber 7 with the first burner 2, and which therefore coincides with the "hearth" of the first burner 2, wherein the flames of both burners are generated.
  • the burners 2, 4 are connected to a comburent air feeder circuit 6, composed of a feeder chamber 5 connected to a supply means 20 of comburent air to the said feeder chamber 5.
  • the aforesaid supply means 20 comprise a centrifugal fan 21 provided with a suction inlet 21 a communicating with the exterior and shown in fig. 1 .
  • the feeder chamber 5 is provided with a first opening 11 in communication with a header chamber 13 connected to the first burner 2 and with a second opening 12 in communication with a feeder pipe 14 connected to the second burner 4.
  • the first burner 2 comprises a combustion grate 8 on which the pellets 3 are placed for burning, positioned between the combustion chamber 7 and the aforesaid header chamber 13, and provided with a plurality of slots 8a to permit the through-flow of the comburent air.
  • the second burner 4 is composed of a diaphragm element 9, positioned between the combustion chamber 7 and the feeder pipe 14 and provided with a plurality of slots 9a for the through-flow of the comburent air, and a gas oil supply unit 10.
  • the latter includes a nozzle 18 for gas oil distribution, positioned in the feeder pipe 14 in proximity to a central slot 19 of the diaphragm element 9.
  • the configuration of the slots 9a of the diaphragm element 9 determines the form of the comburent air flow into the second burner 4 and therefore, the form and direction of the flame generated by the burner, as well as the efficacy of the mixing of the gas oil with the comburent air in order to maintain the flame burning.
  • diaphragm element 9 is provided with peripheral and radial slots, configured in a manner to create the flame in a substantially horizontal direction, and generated in order to form a volume which also includes the area of the pellets 3.
  • the flame generated by the second burner 4 is used to ignite the pellets 3 when this is required.
  • the diaphragm element 9 can be configured in such a manner so that the flame follows a direction other than the horizontal direction, on condition that it is incident with the direction of the flame generated by the first burner 2, in a manner to also include the area of the pellets 3.
  • valve means 15 that distribute the comburent air flow from the feeder chamber 5 at the aforesaid openings 11, 12, to permit modulation of the thermal power produced in the burners 2, 4.
  • the valve means 15 comprise a mobile shutter element 16 associated with an actuator means 17 that defines the position of said shutter element 16.
  • the aforesaid actuator means 17 enable the shutter element 16 to be placed in a first closure position of the first opening 11 or in a second closure position of the second opening 12.
  • actuator means 17 conceived to also place the shutter element 16 in any intermediate position whatsoever between the two end positions described herein.
  • the two openings 11, 12 and the shutter element 16 are configured so that the shutter element never closes the two openings 11, 12 completely, thus guaranteeing a constant, although minimum air through-flow.
  • the constant through-flow of fresh air obtained in this manner through the combustion grate 8 and the diaphragm element 9 cools both elements preventing overheating.
  • the burner unit 1 also comprises a control unit for the actuator means 17, not shown, which controls the position of the shutter element 16.
  • control unit includes an ignition timer, not described herein, which makes it possible to perform automatic start-up operations on the burner unit 1.
  • inventions of the invention can also include automatic control means for the burner unit 1, possibly connected to various sensors, such as temperature sensors in the combustion chamber 7 to optimise burner unit 1 operation and/or sensors to signal depletion of pellets 3, for automatic start-up of the second burner 4 in the case of pellet lack.
  • sensors such as temperature sensors in the combustion chamber 7 to optimise burner unit 1 operation and/or sensors to signal depletion of pellets 3, for automatic start-up of the second burner 4 in the case of pellet lack.
  • control means and the relative sensors are available in technical fields dealing with control systems for burners and combustion devices in general.
  • the burner unit 24 of the invention is housed in the specifically shaped casing 23 of a combustion device 22.
  • the combustion device 22 is provided with pellet supply means 28 to the first burner 25 of the burner unit 24, and composed of a conveyor means 29 for the pellets 3 from a pellet storage container 30 to the first burner 25.
  • the pellet 3 conveyor means 28 are composed of a screw feeder device having one end associated with the storage container 30, and the opposite end operationally connected to the first burner 25.
  • the second burner 26 of the burner unit 24 can be of a type different from that described herein, able to use any kind of fluid fuel, whether liquid or gaseous.
  • the combustion device 22 of the invention also foresees a means of heat exchange 31 between the hot fumes generated in the combustion chamber of the burner unit 24 and a fluid to heat the rooms which, as stated previously, is composed of any type of thermal carrier fluid such as air or water.
  • the burner unit 1, 24 of the invention can also include one or more auxiliary electrical resistances, able to intervene to ignite the pellets 3 in emergency conditions, such as lack of fluid fuel, for example.
  • the burner unit 1, 24 operates in the same manner as conventionally known burner units.
  • the burner unit 1, 24 is started up manually by the user, or by conventional automatic control means, to command the ignition of the second gas oil burner 4, 26.
  • control unit operates the actuator means 17 of the shutter element 16 to place the latter in the closure position of the first opening 11 in communication with the header chamber 13 of the first burner 2, 25.
  • the only flame present in the combustion chamber 7, 27 is that produced by the combustion of the gas oil.
  • Said flame is configured in a manner to hit the pellets 3 and therefore to provoke rapid ignition.
  • Ignition times of approximately 10-20 seconds were measured during tests performed on the burner unit of the invention, as opposed to the 5-10 minutes obtained using conventional means.
  • the control unit places the shutter element 16 in the closure position of the second opening 12.
  • the presence of the ignition timer permits the automatic extinguishing of the second burner 4, 26 as well as the ignition of the first burner 2, 25, in this way eliminating any need for intervention by the user.
  • This method achieves the aim of avoiding extended periods without a flame in the burner unit 1, 24.
  • the shutter element 16 can assume any intermediate position between the two end positions, the two flames in the two burners can be both maintained alight in order to combine their effects.
  • any other solid fuel in small pieces is used, such as coal, pieces of wood or fuel of plant origin.
  • the flame of the second fluid fuel burner makes it possible to obtain the ignition of the solid fuel in a time lapse that is considerably shorter than that of conventional ignition systems of prior art.
  • the flame produced by the second burner is able to, compensate any possible depletion of solid fuel, maintaining continued heat distribution by the burner.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Solid-Fuel Combustion (AREA)
  • Fluidized-Bed Combustion And Resonant Combustion (AREA)
  • Combustion Of Fluid Fuel (AREA)

Claims (12)

  1. Unité de brûleur (1) du type comprenant un premier combustible solide (3) brûleur (2) et un deuxième brûleur de fluide de carburant (4) fonctionnant d'une manière combinée, et tous deux connectés à l'extérieur par l'intermédiaire d'un dispositif d'alimentation en air comburant (6), ledit premier brûleur (2) et ledit deuxième brûleur (4) partagent une chambre de combustion unique et commun (7), dans laquelle :
    - au moins la flamme produite par la combustion dudit combustible solide (3) est présente, et / ou
    - au moins la flamme produite par la combustion dudit combustible fluide est présente, et / ou
    - les deux flammes produites par la combustion dudit combustible solide (3) et la combustion dudit combustible fluide sont simultanément présentes, lesdites flammes étant générées dans des directions incidente à l'autre,
    caractérisée en ce que
    ledit circuit d'alimentation (6) comprend une chambre d'alimentation (5) reliée à des moyens d'alimentation en air comburant (20) et pourvu d'une première ouverture (11) communiquant avec une chambre de tête (13) reliée audit premier brûleur (2) et avec un la deuxième ouverture (12) communiquant avec un tuyau d'alimentation (14) connecté audit deuxième brûleur (4), qu'il y ait également des moyens actuels de vanne (15) pour distribuer l'écoulement dudit air comburant entre ladite première ouverture (11) et ladite seconde ouverture (12).
  2. Unité de brûleur (1) selon la revendication précédente,
    caractérisée en ce que
    lesdits moyens de vanne (15) comprennent un élément d'obturation mobile (16) associé à des moyens d'actionnement (17) conçus pour définir pour l'élément d'obturation (16) au moins une première position de fermeture de ladite première ouverture (11) et une seconde position de fermeture de ladite seconde ouverture (12).
  3. Unité de brûleur (1) selon la revendication précédente,
    caractérisée en ce que
    lesdits moyens d'actionnement (17) sont conçus pour définir pour l'élément d'obturation (16) une première position de fermeture de ladite première ouverture (11), une seconde position de fermeture pour ladite deuxième ouverture (12) et une position intermédiaire quelconque entre les deux ouvertures.
  4. Unité de brûleur (1) selon l'une quelconque des revendications 2 ou 3,
    caractérisée en ce qu'elle comprend une unité de commande pour lesdits moyens d'actionnement (17).
  5. Unité de brûleur (1) selon la revendication précédente,
    caractérisée en ce que
    ladite unité de commande comprend un temporisateur d'allumage.
  6. Unité de brûleur (1) selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes,
    caractérisée en ce que
    ledit premier brûleur (2) comprend une grille de combustion (8) pour ledit combustible solide (3) pourvue d'une pluralité de fentes (8a) positionnée entre ladite chambre de combustion (7) et ladite tête de chambre (13).
  7. Unité de brûleur (1) selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes,
    caractérisée en ce que
    ledit deuxième brûleur (4) comprend un élément de diaphragme (9) pourvu d'une pluralité de fentes (9a) placé entre ledit tuyau d'alimentation (14) et ladite chambre de combustion (7) et une unité d'alimentation (10) dudit combustible fluide.
  8. Unité de brûleur (1) selon la revendication précédente,
    caractérisée en ce que ladite unité d'alimentation (10) comprend une buse (18) positionnée à l'intérieur dudit tuyau d'alimentation (14) à proximité d'une fente centrale (19) dudit élément de diaphragme (9).
  9. Unité de brûleur selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes,
    caractérisée en ce que
    lesdits moyens d'alimentation (20) dudit circuit d'alimentation (6) comprennent au moins un ventilateur centrifuge (21) muni d'une entrée d'aspiration d'admission (21a) pour ledit air comburant, communiquant avec l'extérieur.
  10. Unité de brûleur (1) selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisée en ce que ledit combustible solide (3) est constitué de pastilles.
  11. Dispositif de combustion (22) pour le chauffage de la chambre interne, composé d'un boîtier de forme spécifique (23) renfermant :
    - une unité de brûleur (24) selon l'une des revendications 1 à 10,
    - des moyens d'alimentation (28) dudit combustible solide (3) dans ladite unité de brûleur (24),
    - des moyen d'échange de chaleur (31) entre les fumées chaudes produites par la combustion dans ledit brûleur (24) et le fluide pour le chauffage desdites chambres.
  12. Dispositif de combustion (22) selon la revendication précédente,
    caractérisée en ce que ledit combustible solide (3) est constitué de pastilles.
EP07858928.0A 2006-12-07 2007-11-21 Unité de brûleur et dispositif de combustion utilisant ladite unité Active EP2087283B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
ITVI20060349 ITVI20060349A1 (it) 2006-12-07 2006-12-07 Gruppo bruciatore ed apparato di combustione utilizzante tale gruppo bruciatore
PCT/IB2007/003743 WO2008068587A2 (fr) 2006-12-07 2007-11-21 Unité de brûleur et dispositif de combustion utilisant ladite unité

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP2087283A2 EP2087283A2 (fr) 2009-08-12
EP2087283B1 true EP2087283B1 (fr) 2013-09-18

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EP07858928.0A Active EP2087283B1 (fr) 2006-12-07 2007-11-21 Unité de brûleur et dispositif de combustion utilisant ladite unité

Country Status (3)

Country Link
EP (1) EP2087283B1 (fr)
IT (1) ITVI20060349A1 (fr)
WO (1) WO2008068587A2 (fr)

Families Citing this family (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2010072830A1 (fr) * 2008-12-23 2010-07-01 Alley Enterprises Limited Chaudière bicombustible
GB2483047B (en) 2010-06-22 2016-05-11 Alley Enterprises Ltd An enclosed granular fuel burning boiler
US10711995B2 (en) * 2013-05-02 2020-07-14 Original Pellet Grill Company Llc Dual-fuel gas-pellet burner assembly

Family Cites Families (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CH494932A (de) * 1968-03-26 1970-08-15 Truebbach Apparatebau Ag Doppelbrandkessel
DE2534092A1 (de) * 1975-07-30 1977-02-17 Konus Kessel Waermetech Liegender kessel fuer feste brennstoffe
US4545309A (en) * 1984-04-02 1985-10-08 Raoul Comtois Furnace for burning flammable particles
DE19712317A1 (de) * 1997-03-24 1998-10-01 Karl Ackermann Verbrennungsofen mit Wärmetauscherflächen

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
WO2008068587A3 (fr) 2008-12-04
WO2008068587A2 (fr) 2008-06-12
ITVI20060349A1 (it) 2008-06-08
EP2087283A2 (fr) 2009-08-12

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