EP2086733A2

EP2086733A2 - Apparatus for the machine production of moulded concrete blocks and shaking device suitable for this purpose

Info

Publication number: EP2086733A2
Application number: EP07803239A
Authority: EP
Inventors: Rudolf Braungardt; Holger Stichel; Dietrich Swen
Original assignee: Kobra Formen GmbH
Current assignee: Kobra Formen GmbH
Priority date: 2006-10-07
Filing date: 2007-09-05
Publication date: 2009-08-12
Also published as: WO2008040610A2; WO2008040610A3; DE102006047543A1

Abstract

For an apparatus for the machine production of moulded concrete blocks in a moulding machine by compaction of a concrete mix introduced into a mould in nests of moulds under the action of shaking movements of a support which closes the nests of moulds at the bottom during a shaking process, it is proposed that force generators which have a tubular membrane which surrounds a hollow space and widens laterally when compressed air is fed into the hollow space and thus generates a tensile force between two end connections be used in the shaking device. A control device controls the time-dependent introduction and release of compressed air into or from the hollow spaces of the force generators by means of a valve arrangement. A shaking device suitable for such an apparatus as stand-alone handlable module contains one or preferably more such force generators.

Description

Device for the mechanical production of concrete blocks and suitable vibrating device.

The invention relates to a device for producing concrete blocks with a suitable vibrating device.

Concrete blocks are industrially preferably prepared by compacting a filled concrete in the form of a mold cavity amount under vibration in a molding machine. The mold nests of the mold are open at the top and bottom. The lower opening is closed by a relative to the mold vertically movable and clamped against the bottom of the mold pad. In the bottom of the mold closed by the pad bottom is filled through the upper opening concrete amount and in the upper openings pressure plates are sunk. Subsequent excitation of the substrate with pressure plates pressing on the concrete amount to predominantly vertical vibration vibrations, which are transferred from the substrate into the concrete quantity, the concrete amount is solidified in about 5 to 20 seconds in one or more steps to dimensionally stable, still moist concrete blocks, which After loosening the pad from the mold downwards from the mold cavities are molded and removed from the molding machine. The pad is usually a vibrating table, optionally with a replaceable board pad.

Typically, vibrators of the molding machine act directly on the vibrating table. Common vibrating devices are unbalance vibrators, which rotate at typically 50 Hz and are usually operated in pairs in opposite directions. Particularly effective, but also associated with high noise levels are shock vibration vibrators in which beat by Unwuchtrüttler vertically swinging blow bars from below against a surface. From DE 19921145 A1 an apparatus for producing concrete shaped bricks is known in which a vibrating table is supported by actuators with piezo elements against the machine frame of a molding machine.

From DE 19940119 A1 Rüttelaktuatoren be known in an actuator by piezoelectric elements excitable vibrations to excite masses. Several such Rüttelaktuatoren are attached to the form or the vibrating table.

The vibration of loose bulk material or concrete in large open molds for degassing wall plates are not comparable to the loads, requirements and operating parameters with the shaking of a concrete quantity in the mechanical production of concrete blocks.

The invention has for its object to provide an improved in particular with regard to the shaking process apparatus for the production of concrete blocks and a suitable for this purpose vibrator.

Solutions according to the invention are described in the independent claims. The dependent claims contain advantageous refinements and developments of the invention.

Essential in the present invention is the use of force generators, which have a flexible membrane between a first and a second end connection. The direction in which the two end terminals are spaced apart is referred to as the longitudinal direction. The membrane, which is typically approximately tubular, bounded laterally laterally across the longitudinal direction of a cavity, which with a fluid under can be applied to increased pressure. The membrane has the special property that an expansion of the membrane connected to both end connections transverse to the longitudinal direction is possible and connected with a contraction of the membrane in the longitudinal direction. Upon delivery of fluid under increased pressure relative to the ambient pressure fluid pressure into the cavity occurs to the membrane transversely to the longitudinal direction expanding pressure force of the fluid, which leads via the coupling of the transverse expansion with a longitudinal contraction to a longitudinal force between the two end connections.

Such force generators are known per se and are offered, for example, under the name "Fluidic Muscle" by the company FESTO The force generators allow a fine dosing of a tensile force between the end connections and a large relative displacement of the two end connections control loops.

It turns out, surprisingly, that these force generators can also be advantageously used to generate vibrating forces in a device for the mechanical production of concrete blocks, where at high weight of the concrete filled block form high accelerations and short movement paths of the base and the mold with the concrete amount for a fast Manufacture of the wet concrete amount are required. It can be seen that the force generators can apply relatively high longitudinal forces with a repetition frequency of contraction movements interrupted by longitudinal expansion compared to the maximum longitudinal contraction of small amplitude of movement of the end connections in a frequency range which is particularly advantageous for shaking the concrete quantity. The vertical amplitude of movement of the vibration of the pad is advantageously between see 0.5 mm and 4 mm. Movement amplitude of the pad and length of the membrane of the force generator are advantageously coordinated so that the length of the relaxed membrane is at least 20 times, in particular at least 30 times, preferably at least 40 times the amplitude of the vertical Rüttel motion of the pad , Although this does not take advantage of the great displacement of the force generators, special advantages arise specifically for the generic device. The force generators are used in the device and vibrating device according to the invention in particular also for a fine dosage of the movement path.

The vibration frequency is advantageously at least 30 Hz, in particular at least 50 Hz and at most 200 Hz, in particular at most 150 Hz.

The device according to the invention further comprises a control device which controls the supply of fluid into the cavities of the force generator under increased pressure in a time-variable manner. The control device can in particular contain a controllable, in particular electrically controllable valve arrangement and an electrical or electronic, preferably digitally programmable control unit.

The force generators are preferably operated with compressed air as a fluid. There are particular advantages in devices in which the relative movement of the end connections of force generators takes place against a mechanical stop. Such a mechanical stop can be arranged directly on the force generators or act on the movement of the base.

In a preferred embodiment, the force generator exert vertical shaking forces between a foundation which is to be regarded as immovably stationary and / or Machine frame of the device on the one hand and in the context of the shaking relative to movable pad on the other. Instead of the pad itself, the shaking forces can also act on a coupled to the shaking movement of the pad further element of the device, which can also be the form itself with vertical tension against the pad, and thus stimulate the pad only indirectly.

The pad is typically a plate of a vibrating table or a similar vibrator, with an interchangeable board usually being inserted between the vibrating table and the lower limiting plane of the mold for frequent so-called insert manufacturing. In the usual way, the pad is pressed only during a part of a production cycle against the lower boundary plane of the mold and moved for the removal of the solidified concrete blocks from the at least one mold cavity relative to the mold down. The course of the manufacturing cycles is well known and therefore not described further here.

In a first advantageous embodiment, the force generators in the device are arranged so that the longitudinal contraction of the membrane or the associated longitudinal forces in the force generators between the end connections act as at least predominantly vertically upward acceleration forces on the base.

Counteracting and the pad vertically to under moving counter forces can be in particular the weight of pad, mold and concrete amount, acting by a ballast with pressure plates on the top of the concrete load Auflastkraft or additional restoring forces of other force-generating elements. Such additional force-generating elements may be, for example, spring arrangements. In an advantageous manner Guidance form as such further force-generating elements further fluid-filled hollow body, in particular provided on the type of air spring bellows.

In another advantageous embodiment, the force generators are arranged in the device so that the longitudinal contraction of the membrane or the associated longitudinal force between the end connections as at least predominantly vertically directed downward acceleration forces on the substrate. Counteracting forces and the support, including mold and concrete quantity, can be applied by further force-generating elements, which in turn can be designed as spring arrangements or preferably as fluid-filled hollow bodies and, in this case, effect the vertically upward acceleration forces on the base and the concrete amount.

In still another embodiment, the force generators may form two groups, of which a first group for generating upward acceleration forces and a second group for generating downward movement forces on the base and are arranged correspondingly in the device. Force generators of the first and the second group are preferably operated in push-pull. Further force-generating elements can be additionally provided as described.

The shaking movement of the pad can be carried out in an advantageous embodiment against a lower mechanical stop, which at the same time determines a lower reversing position of the vertical vibrating motion. During the downward movement of the pad against the mechanical stop, the pad is braked almost abruptly. The occurring high deceleration forces are equally high accelerations upwards. The upward movement of the pad in an embodiment with a lower stop for the vibrating motion can emanate by the action of acceleration forces from the force generators and / or the other force-generating elements from the position on the lower stop pad.

In an advantageous embodiment, it can be provided that the vibrating table includes a fixed support structure and a relatively vertically movable impact structure, wherein the support structure forms the lower stop for the downward movement of a voltage applied to the lower boundary plane of the mold pad and the impact structure with its upper boundary plane below the stop plane of the support structure can be lowered. The impact structure can be quickly accelerated from this lowered position in an upward movement and strikes from below to the pad, which then stands in an upward movement of the shaking with high initial acceleration of the pad and moves in the subsequent downward movement again against the under attack.

In a first advantageous embodiment, the force generators are arranged in the device so that the longitudinal force between the end terminals of the force generator causes a vertical acceleration force on the impact structure upwards. The return movement of the mold, underlay and impact structure takes place under the influence of the weight forces and / or further force-generating elements and / or a second group of force generators as already explained.

In another advantageous embodiment, the acceleration force on the impact structure up by other force-generating elements such as spring arrangements or fluid-filled hollow body, in particular air spring bellows provided and the force generator serve to shift the shape, the base and / or the impact structure down against the upward force of the other force-generating elements.

The other force-generating elements are preferably constructed and arranged simply and inexpensively without time-varying control. Fluid-filled hollow bodies as such further force-generating elements are preferably subjected to substantially constant pressure of the fluid during the shaking operation. The pressure may be variable slowly or stepwise over the course of a work cycle, e.g. to take account of the increasing compaction and / or different process steps with facing concrete and core concrete etc. or a change in the vibration frequency. By changing the pressure in the other force-generating elements, the acceleration and / or the amplitude of the vibration movement can advantageously be influenced.

The control device supplies the force-generating, time-variable fluid, in particular compressed air, under increased pressure relative to the ambient pressure. The discharge of fluid from the cavities of the force generator can be carried out continuously via a throttle opening, but preferably also controlled by the control device time-varying, preferably in push-pull for supplying fluid. For this purpose, the control device can in particular contain a valve arrangement with preferably electrically controllable valves. The valves are advantageously designed as fast and cost-effective switching valves. The valves can be designed in a preferred embodiment as switching valves, which initiate fluid under increased pressure from a fluid source in the force generator in a first switching position and allow fluid to escape from the force generators in a second switching position. An electronic control unit generates the control signals for the valve arrangement. In a first embodiment, the generation of the control signals can take place after a predefined, eg digitally stored, time interval. In an advantageous development, sensors, in particular sensors for movement variables of the base or with their shaking motion coupled elements such as acceleration sensors or displacement sensors, can be provided, whose signals are processed in the control unit in the generation of the control signals for the valve assembly. For example, a specific desired course of motion can be monitored and readjusted via displacement sensors. In an advantageous embodiment, the control device at not significantly eccentric position of the center of gravity of the filled shape and the force generator on several spatially, especially distributed around the circumference of the form arranged force generator unevenly, for example with unequal pressure and / or unequal opening times of switching valves, etc., and control in spite of not centered center of gravity produce a uniform vibrating motion. The unequal actuation of different force generators at different positions by the control device can be pre-set unregulated or adjusted by means of motion sensors, in particular displacement sensors or acceleration sensors at different positions to a desired, in particular uniform movement. The unequal control of several force generators at different positions of a mold can also be made with controllable force generators of a different kind.

The effect of vibration forces on the base can be done by direct connection of the actuator assembly on the one hand with the pad and on the other hand with machine frame or foundation. However, it can also be provided in an advantageous embodiment that the pad during the Rüttelvor- gangs is clamped over acting between form and pad clamping devices vertically against the bottom of the mold and the actuator assembly acts on the mold and stimulates vertical jarring movements and the pad is coupled via the jigs to the mold and their vertical shaking participates.

The force generators are advantageously arranged within the actuator arrangement to form a plurality of actuator modules as independently manageable units, wherein an actuator module may contain a plurality of force generators. In particular, an actuator module may also contain movement stops, sensors, further force-generating elements, valves. The actuator modules have connection devices for force-transmitting connection with the base and the molding machine.

The invention is explained below with reference to preferred embodiments with reference to the figures still in detail. It shows

1 shows an oblique view of a device according to the invention,

2 shows an embodiment of an actuator module,

3 a vibrator with a vibrating table,

4 is a side view of FIG. 3,

5 shows a vibrating device with a vibrating table,

6 shows a vibrating device with blow bars, 7 is a first side view of FIG. 5,

8 is a second side view of FIG. 5,

9 shows a variant of FIG. 7

10 shows a further embodiment of a vibrating device.

Fig. 1 shows a diagrammatic view from above of an extract from a molding machine for the production of concrete blocks. The molding machine has a foundation FU, projecting from which in the example sketched UP foundation pillars UP. Connected to the foundation and supported on this is a stable fixed machine frame MR. Within the machine frame, a mold frame FR is mounted, which is assumed to be stationary in the example outlined as up to vertical shaking in the vertical direction. The mold frame FR takes on a form FO, which is preferably interchangeable and interchangeable with other forms. In the example shown, the mold frame FR is vertically supported with lateral projections on several force generators RF as Rüttelaktuatoren against the foundation columns UP. The mold frame FR is at the small vertical Rüttelbeweg u ng, which is on the order of only a few mm, centered in the mold frame by guides in any way in the horizontal xy plane. An xyz coordinate system is drawn in for comparative orientation in FIG.

The shape FO held in the mold frame FR has in a conventional manner a plurality of mold cavities FN, which are open at the top and bottom and show a substantially constant cross-section in vertical extent. A vibrating table RT is movable as a support for closing the lower openings of the mold cavities FN to the underside of the mold FO and can be pressed against them. The support plane of the vibrating table RT, which can also be formed by a resting on the vibrating table, interchangeable stone board SB, is applied to the lower boundary plane of the form FO.

In the example sketched, the vibrating table RT is designed as a three-dimensional, lightweight construction. In the embodiment sketched, the vibrating table RT can be moved vertically relative to the mold frame FR and to the mold FO held therein. The vertical Verfahrung is carried out in an advantageous embodiment by hydraulic cylinder SZ, which are vertically supported on the mold frame FR and are connected to piston rods SS with the vibrating table RT. The hydraulic cylinders SZ serve both for the vertical movement of the vibrating table RT and for its clamping against the underside of the mold FO. The hydraulic cylinders SZ can in this case be designed as a locking cylinder, in which the piston rods SS locked in largely any extended position and can be locked in a certain position regardless of the pressure of the hydraulic fluid in the cylinders.

In Fig. 1, the vibrating table RT is drawn in a maximum lowered position, in which from the mold FO after solidification of the concrete amount downwardly demoulded concrete blocks BS can be removed from the machine in the x direction. The removal of the concrete blocks BS is typically carried out together with the stone board SB via separate, not shown in Figure 1, known per se and common removal devices. After removal of the concrete blocks BS on the stone board SB is a new stone board SB placed on the vibrating table and this moved by means of the hydraulic cylinder SZ up against the bottom of the mold FO.

After lifting the vibrating table RT and its tension against the underside of the mold FO, moist concrete quantity not shown with the filling devices can be introduced into the mold cavities via the upper openings of the mold cavities FN. In the upper openings of the filled mold cavities FN are then lowered by lowering a load body AK with punches ST attached to these punches pressure plates DP with little horizontal game in the upper openings of the mold cavities and press on the top of the concrete amount.

Subsequently, as an essential part of a production cycle, the vibrating table RT is stimulated to vertical vibratory movements, which continue in the amount of concrete resting on the vibrating table RT in the mold cavities FN and solidify it in a short time, typically between 5 and 20 seconds, to give dimensionally stable concrete mold blocks. The shaking process is an essential component of an economical production method for short cycle times and dimensional stability of the concrete blocks in the subsequent further treatment, in particular post-drying and curing.

In the sketched embodiment, the excitation of the vibrating table RT to vertical shaking moves indirectly via the excitation of the mold frame FR to such vertical Rüttelbewegungen means of the actuator modules RF and transmission of Rüttelbewegungen the mold frame FR via the rigid coupling means of the hydraulic cylinder SZ on the vibrating table RT.

Of particular importance for the present invention is the use of force generators RF special design in the Rüttelaktuatormodulen AM. These particular, explained in detail in the previous description part type is apparent from the enlarged view of an actuator module in Fig. 2. The Rüttelaktuatormodul is connected to a base plate GP with the foundation pillars UP and coupled to a by means of the force generator RF relative to this vibratory movements stimulable part of the mold frame FR.

By means of the special force generators RF as actuators, which are known per se as Fluidic Muscle from the company FESTO and are available on the market, the mold frame FR is accelerated vertically upwards. Compressed air is preferably used as the fluid for the actuators RF. The corresponding supply lines and the electronic control unit for controlling valve arrangements in the actuators RF are not shown for the sake of clarity.

In Fig. 2, the mold frame FR and the foundation column UP are indicated to the actuator module AM shown enlarged yet with a broken line.

The actuator module of FIG. 2 includes a base plate GP, which is connected via pressure-resistant spacers DS fixed to a cover plate DP. Base plate GP, spacer columns DS and cover plate DP form a stable base frame of the vibration actuator module. In the sketched example, valve arrangements VA for 3 force generators RF are shown on the cover plate DP. Compressed air is supplied from a compressed air source, not shown, via a compressed air connection LI, which can be supplied to the cavities of the force generator via the electrically controllable valve arrangements VA by an electronic control unit in a predeterminable temporal course. The valve arrangements VA can, as outlined, be added to each power generator. re single valves included, which may be connected in parallel to achieve a larger passage cross-section. Other structures of the valve assemblies VA are known in the art. Advantageously, take over the valve assemblies in versions as two-way switching valves and a timed release of compressed air from the cavities of the force generator, the discharged air can be discharged into the environment and are provided to reduce the noise level for this silencer SD. Details of the routing are for the basic function of the Rüttelaktuatormoduls not of primary importance and therefore not further elaborated at this point.

One of the force generators RF is to be seen in the foreground in the middle of the figure and consists in particular of a first end connection EA1, a second end connection EA2 spaced apart in the longitudinal direction z from the first end connection EA1 and an elastic running between the two end connections and firmly connected to both end connections EA1 Membrane ME. The elastic membrane is substantially tubular and has the special property that it can spread laterally transversely to the longitudinal direction z, ie in the x- and y-direction when supplying compressed air in the space enclosed by the membrane cavity of the force generator and with such temporal Widening a shortening of the membrane is coupled in the z direction. For this purpose, the force generators of this type offered as fluidic muscle of the company FESTO contain in a plastic jacket of the membrane, which ensures a sealing of the enclosed cavity, a tissue of tensile fibers extending across and helically extending with respect to the central longitudinal axis of the force generator in the plastic. The supply of compressed air takes place through a channel in the end connection EA1. The second end terminal EA2 is closed gas-tight in the selected installation situation of the power generator, but can be in a different design also have a compressed air-carrying channel and allow flushing of the cavity of the force generator. For details of the structure of such power generators, reference is made to the products available from FESTO on the market.

The sketched Rüttelaktuatormodul contains 3 equal angles around a central axis ZA of Rüttelaktuatormoduls grouped similar force generator. The force generators are connected with their first end connections EA1 in a tension-resistant manner to the cover plate DP and thus to the base frame of the vibration actuator module. The first end connections EA1 are thus to be regarded as stationary relative to the base frame of the Rüttelaktuatormoduls. The second end connections EA2 of the force generators are connected to a vibrating plate RP, which is movably mounted in the z-direction relative to the base frame of the vibrator actuator module. The vibrating plate RP can, for example, be guided horizontally in the x and y directions in the vertical jogging movement in the guides FP surrounding the spacer columns DS of the base frame. The vertical movement of the vibrating plate RP may be limited by upper stops AO and / or lower stops AU fixed relative to the base frame of the vibrating actuator module in the z-direction, which constitute mechanical stops in cooperation with stop plates AP connected to the vibrating plate RP. In Fig. 2, a system of stop plates AP is shown at the lower stops AU. The vertical mobility in the z-direction until the stop of stop plates AP to the upper stops AO is designated by the distance ZR.

In principle, an excitation for shaking movements of an object can take place in that the baseplate GP with a first part, for example a part of an object to be considered stationary, and the vibrating plate RP with a second part, for example one opposite the stationary part shaking second part of an object is connected. The connection can be made in different cases in different cases.

2 shows a particularly advantageous embodiment, according to which pressure-resistant rods RS emanating from the vibrating plate RP lead in the direction of the cover plate DP and through it and protrude with their upper ends over the cover plate DP and the valve assemblies mounted thereon. The upper ends of the pressure-resistant rods RS can in turn be interconnected via another plate or can be connected directly to a movable part of an object to be shaken, for example the molding frame FR according to FIG.

Of particular advantage is a tuning of the dimensions of the Rüttelak- tuatormoduls in such a way that the amplitude of the excited Rüttelbewegung, limited in the example limited by the stops AU and AO on the distance ZR, is substantially smaller than the length of the depressurized relaxed membrane ME , which is designated by the length dimension ZM. Advantageously, ZM is at least 20 times, in particular at least 30 times, preferably at least 40 times, that of ZR. The vibration amplitude can also be given by other elements or measures instead of the stops AU and AO, in particular by elements of the molding machine.

The pressure-resistant bars RS can in turn be guided centered horizontally in guides FS by the cover plate DP in guides FS.

In the advantageous embodiment outlined above, the vibration actuator module also already contains further force-generating elements for generating a restoring force of the force generator in the z-direction in the form of a further fluid-filled hollow body LB, which in particular can be designed in the manner of an air bellows and trying to expand in the z-direction with the supply of fluid. The pneumatic bellows LB is arranged between the pressure plate DP and the vibrating plate DP and supported vertically against these two plates. The air bladder LB is advantageously subjected to constant compressed air with time. The supply of compressed air to the air bladder can be done from the same compressed air source as the compressed air for the force generator RF or from a separate compressed air source. The supply of compressed air to the pneumatic bellows LB can take place via the same connection LI as with the force generators RF or their valve arrangements or via a separate connection. When the power generator and the pneumatic bellows are supplied together with compressed air, the volume of the pneumatic bellows can also serve as an intermediate storage volume in front of the entrances of the valve arrangements.

In a rest position of the Rüttelaktuatormoduls the Rüttelplatte RP takes, inter alia, due to the constant overpressure in the air bladder LB the sketched in Fig. 2 lower position. When supplying compressed air via the valve assemblies VA in the cavities of the force generator, the membranes ME are widened laterally and occur in the force generators high forces between the end EA1, EA2 in the z direction, which the vibrating plate RP with great force from the base GP accelerate in the direction of the cover plate DP. These acceleration forces are transmitted via the pressure-resistant rods RS, for example, to the mold frame FR, which is thereby moved upwards with high acceleration. The acceleration of the vibrating plate in the direction of the cover plate takes place counter to the restoring force of the pneumatic bellows LB and in the arrangement of Figure 1 against the weight of the mold frame, vibrating table, filled form, etc. and the pressing force of Auflastvorrichtung. The return movement of the mold frame down takes place when discharging compressed air from the cavities of the force generator by just these restoring forces. The movements of the Formrahnnens down is advantageously against a mechanical stop, for example, the stop plates AP against the lower stops AU in Rüttelaktuatormodul. The movement of the mold frame upwards can also be effected by an upper stop, for example the upper stops AO in the Rüttelaktuatormodulen for the movement of the vibrating plate RP. The movement of the mold frame or the Rüttelplatte upwards may also be limited by controlling the valve assembly VA via the electronic control unit and run against any mechanical stop. This can also be provided for the downward movement of the vibrating plate. For a limitation of the movements of the Rüttelplatte RP or the mold frame FR in the context of shaking or generally for a certain desired time course of motion may be provided in a different embodiment, a Wegsensoranordnung advantageously, for example within the structure of the Rüttelaktuatormoduls, by means of which the current vertical position z , B. the Rüttelplatte RP relative to the base GP or cover plate DP detected and can be tracked via a control loop in the electronic control unit a desired course. Such a controlled or regulated guidance of a desired temporal sequence of movements can take place via the valve arrangement, wherein the valves can also be repeatedly clocked in a vertical direction during a movement section.

Due to the structure of the force generator is advantageously a high acceleration with a short reaction time possible, advantageously the frequency of Rüttelbeweg u ng at least 30 Hz, in particular at least 50 Hz and at most 200 Hz, in particular at most 150 Hz. Of particular advantage for a fast response time is Again, the design of the vibrator amplitude ZR as very small compared to the relaxed membrane length ZM. The embodiment of an arrangement of vibration actuator modules AM in a molding machine according to FIG. 3 differs from the embodiment according to FIG. 1 in particular in that the molding frame does not act solely via the actuator modules AM but additionally via weight balancing bodies against the foundation or the machine frame is supported. The counterbalance bodies take up at least a predominant part of the weight of the assembly of mold frame, vibrating table, mold insert with concrete amount and the compressive force of the Auflastvorrichtung, so that the Aktuatormodule must apply significantly lower forces or cause higher accelerations upwards with equal forces. The weight balancing body can, for. B. as a rubber bearing or preferably as outlined as can be acted upon with compressed air bellows. In an advantageous embodiment, it can be provided to set the pressure in the compressed air source at higher weight of said assembly higher than at lower weight of the group, whereby when using the same compressed air source for the Aktuatormodule advantageously automatically higher acceleration forces of the force generator RF to be accelerated with higher Mass of said assembly are correlated.

In Fig. 4 a usable in a molding machine jogging device is sketched, in which a vibrating table top TP mounted on a foundation FU and in the context of shaking vertically relative to the foundation FU is movable. The foundation FU was considered stationary. As indicated in the side view according to FIG. 5, a board SB can be placed on the table top TP, on which a mold FO with mold cavities FN is placed and pressed during the shaking process. The table top TP of the vibrator is arranged apart from vertical shaking movements of small amplitude in a substantially constant vertical position and a relative vertical movement of the mold FO relative to the board SB and the table top TP for the demoulding of the compacted concrete blocks from the mold cavities FN downward takes place here in a conventional manner by lifting the mold FO within the machine frame.

Between Foundation FU and table top TP actuator arrangements are provided in the example shown at the four corners of the rectangular shape of table top and foundation, which controllable actuable force generator of the type already described with längskontrahierender membrane and a contrast in cross-section large-scale Luftbalganordnung BZ. The force generators RF and the air bellows arrangements BZ are arranged between the foundation and the table top in such a way that the compressed air bellows BZ pressurized with essentially constant pressure push the table top TP upwards and the force generators RF press the table top TP counter to that of the Air bellows BZ pull down forces in the direction of the foundation FU. The force action directions of the air bladder BZ on the one hand and the force generator RF on the other hand are indicated by arrows in the respective components.

The movement of the table top downwards is advantageously limited by stops on the foundation, for which, for example, stop plates BP can be arranged on surfaces of the foundation which assign TP to the underside of the table top. A limitation of the mobility of the table top up can be given by a further mechanical stop or by the holder of the form FO in the molding machine. Another stop can also be provided in the actuator arrangements themselves. The stops in the actuator arrangements and / or a further stop for the table top TP, a mold or a form frame can also be adjusted in an advantageous embodiment, whereby an adaptation to different Rüttelamplituden, eg at different Rüttelfrequenzen is possible. The movement of the table top TP, a mold, a mold frame or vibrating table may be guided by vertical guides outside of the actuator assemblies. The actuator arrangements can also be designed without their own linear guides.

The air bellows BZ and the force generators RF as well as the pressures of the supplied fluid are matched in type to one another and to the respective application and optionally adapted so that the upward force of the air bellows BZ is sufficient for force generators RF not subjected to compressed air Table top TP together with the arranged on this and filled with concrete amount form against the weight of table top and load and pressing force of the mold from the molding machine and Auflastkraft a Auflastvorrichtung of the stop plates BP of the foundation FU to accelerate upwards. When the force generator RF is acted upon by compressed air, the table top TP, together with the arrangement resting on it, pulls against the force exerted upward by the bellows until the stop TP touches the stop plates BP, in particular the stop of the table top TP against the stop plates BP Higher harmonic oscillatory components in the vertical movement of the table top TP together with the mold with mixture and causes a high delay and rapid compression of the concrete amount in the mold cavities of the mold. With venting of the force generator RF, the table top is accelerated with shape and concrete amount by the force of the air bellows back up and lifted off the stop plates BP.

Fig. 6 shows an oblique view of a vibrating device for use in a molding machine, which operates according to the known per se principle of the blow bars. FIGS. 7 and 8 show associated side views with viewing direction. in the direction of the blow bars or across it. Fixed supports TL are arranged on a foundation FU and vertically movable blow bars SL are provided on the gap to the support rails. Such a structure is known in principle and in the so-called shock vibration in molding machines for the compaction of concrete blocks generally in use. About the support strips and blow bars a stone board, optionally placed with the interposition of an intermediate plate and during a shaking the beaters are periodically moved between an upper position and a lower position, the upper bearing surfaces SF of the slats in the upper position ES1 above and in the lower position ES2 lie below the upper bearing surfaces TF of the support strips. During the upward movement of the blow bars they hit the stone board or the intermediate plate from below, thus causing a high acceleration force on the stone board and the concrete quantity at short notice. In the subsequent movement of the blow bars down the rectified movement of the mold with concrete amount and stone board is abruptly braked when attacking the support bars, which in turn equal to a high acceleration force on the concrete amount up. This principle of the blow bars is known per se. The blow bars can be connected to one another in a necessarily uniformly moving arrangement. Typically, rubber bearings GL define a starting position in which the blow bars slightly protrude above the support bars upwards. The rubber bearings GL at the same time ensure a substantially constant alignment of the blow bars in the horizontal direction.

In the sketched embodiment of the vibrator, the vertical movement of the blow bars SL by means of actuator arrangements between the foundation FU and a blow bar arrangement is carried out with a plurality of interconnected blow bars. For this purpose again air bellows BZ and Krafter RF generator of the type described provided, as in the example of FIG. 4 and FIG. 5, the air bellows BZ exert forces on the beater bar assembly under preferably substantially constant pressure and cause the first force generators to be controllably controlled by compressed air during supply of Compressed air forces between foundation and blow bars down so that the blow bars are pulled with their upper bearing surfaces SF under the bearing surfaces of the support strips and the stone board or an intermediate plate rests on the support strips. With venting of the force generator RF, the blow bar assembly is accelerated upward by the forces of the air bladder BZ, strikes against the board or the intermediate plate and lifts it from the support bars by a small amount. Subsequently, the force generators RF are again subjected to compressed air and pull the support strips down so that the stone board or intermediate plate strike the support strips TL during the downward movement that takes place.

The rubber bearings GL are not mandatory in a stimulation of the blow bars to vertical shaking movements, but can stabilize a rest position and a horizontal position of the blow bars and support the acceleration of the blow bar assembly by the force generator RF up and intercept the movement of the blow bar assembly down damping. Air bellows BZ and force generator RF are connected in the sketched example via lower connecting plates V1 with the foundation and upper connecting plates V2 with the blow bar assembly.

Fig. 9 shows a comparable vibrating device according to the blow bar principle, but in which Rüttelaktuatormodule AM are used according to Fig. 2, in which the continuous forces of the air bellows are directed downward and the forces for the upward movement of the blow bars by the force generator RF be effected. In Fig. 9, no rubber bearings are provided for vertical position stabilization. The rest position of the blow bars is in this case the lower position of the shaking movement, which is taken without compressed air to the first force generator RF under the pressure of the air bladder BZ. The forces of the force generator RF and the air bladder LB do not act directly between the foundation and blow bar arrangement or connecting plates V3 to the foundation and connecting plates V4 to the blow bar assembly, but indirectly through cover plates DP and vibrating plates RP as in the example of FIG. 2. The vertical amplitude can This arrangement of Aktuatormodule be greater than the motion ZR described for Fig. 2.

FIG. 10 shows an embodiment of a vibrating device in which a plurality of vibrating actuator modules UM are fastened to the underside of a vibrating table plate TP supported on a foundation FU, in which imbalance masses in an actuator housing are produced by means of force generators of the type described and optionally further force-generating elements predominantly vertical Rüttelschwingungen are displaceable, which are transmitted to the table top. Advantageously, stops may be provided for the vibration vibrations of the imbalance masses within the actuator modules UM, which leads to higher vibration frequency components of the vibrations transmitted to the table top.

The invention is not limited to the exemplary embodiments described, but can be modified in many ways within the scope of expert knowledge. In particular, force generators of the described type of fluidic muscle can also be used for generating force in opposite directions by division into two groups. In another embodiment, the pressure force of an air bellows LB as acceleration force after Serve above and made a provision down over the force generator in the manner of the Fluidic Muscle.

Claims

Claims:

1. An apparatus for the production of mechanically compacted by shaking on a concrete amount concrete blocks with a shape and a relative to this vertically movable pad, the mold having at least one upwardly and downwardly open mold cavity, the lower opening is closed by the pad, and with a vibrating device, by means of which the pad is excitable to vertical shaking movements and which contains an actuator assembly with a plurality of force generators, characterized in that the force generator each between a first and a second longitudinally spaced end terminal (EA1, EA2) has a cavity transverse to the longitudinal direction delimiting membrane (ME) and a fluid supplied to the cavity under positive pressure causes a longitudinally contracting force between the end ports, and in that a control means controls the supply of fluid into the cavity time-varying.

2. Device according to claim 1, characterized in that the actuator arrangement generate vibration forces between the base and a machine frame and / or a foundation of the molding machine.

3. Device according to claim 2, characterized in that the first force generator generate vibrating forces only in a vertical direction upwards or downwards.

4. The device according to claim 3, characterized in that the vibrating device contains further force-generating elements which generate the vibrating forces of the first force generator opposing restoring forces.

5. Apparatus according to claim 4, characterized in that the further force-generating elements contain fluid-filled further hollow body.

6. Apparatus according to claim 4 or 5, characterized in that the further force-generating elements comprise spring arrangements.

7. The device according to claim 2, characterized in that a first group of first force generators generates upward and a second group of first force generators downward vertical Rüttel- forces.

8. Device according to one of claims 2 to 7, characterized in that the length (ZM) of the membrane at least 20 times, in particular at least 30 times, preferably at least 40 times the amplitude (ZR) of the vertical Shaking movement of the pad is.

9. Device according to one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that the force generator are connected to impact devices which exert blows from below onto the substrate.

10.Vorrichtung according to claim 1 to 9, characterized in that the actuator tuatoranordnung includes a plurality of actuator modules, each having a base body (GP, DP, DS) and relative to these longitudinally movable Rüttelkörper (RP, RS), that the first Force generator between see basic bodies and Rüttelkörpern are arranged and that the

Body is releasably connected to a machine frame or foundation of the molding machine.

11. Device according to one of claims 1 to 10, characterized in that the shaking movement of the pad is limited by a stop (AU, AO) in at least one direction of movement.

12. The device according to claim 11, characterized in that at least one stop position is provided in the actuator assembly.

13. Device according to one of claims 1 to 12, characterized in that the fluid is compressed air.

14. Device according to one of claims 1 to 13, characterized in that the supply of fluid into the hollow body takes place via a controllable valve arrangement.

15. The apparatus according to claim 14, characterized in that the valve arrangement includes at least one switching valve.

16. The device according to claim 15, characterized in that the switching valve can be controlled by the control device with a higher frequency than the Hauptfre- quency of the shaking movement.

1 /.Vorrichtung according to one of claims 1 to 16, characterized in that the frequency of the Rüttelbewegungen between 30 Hz and 200 Hz, in particular between 50 Hz and 150 Hz.

18, vibrating device, in particular for a device according to one of claims 1 to 17, with at least one force generator with two longitudinally spaced and relatively movable end terminals (EA1, EA2), characterized in that the first Krafterzeu- The invention relates to a flexible membrane (ME) which delimits a cavity transverse to the longitudinal direction, in which means are provided for the time-dependent supply of a pressurized fluid into the cavity such that fluid flowing into the cavity effects a longitudinally contracting force between the two end connections.

19, vibrating device according to claim 18, characterized in that it comprises a base body and a relative to this vibratory movements stimulable vibrating body and the force generator is connected to one end connection with the main body and vibrator body.

20. shaking device according to claim 19, characterized in that at least the main body has means for attachment to an object.

21. vibrator device according to one of claims 18 to 20, characterized in that it contains a plurality of similar force generator.

22, shaking device according to claim 21, characterized in that a first group of mutually rectified acting force generators and a second group of equal to each other and the force generators of the first group oppositely acting force generators is provided.

23, vibrating device according to claim 21, characterized in that all force generators are arranged to act in the same direction with each other.

24. vibrating device according to one of claims 18 to 23, characterized in that at least one further force-generating element (LB) before is present, which counteracts caused by the force generator movement.

25, vibrating device according to claim 24, characterized in that the further force-generating element contains a fluid-filled further hollow body.

26, vibrating device according to claim 25, characterized in that the fluid pressure in the other hollow body is variably predetermined.

27. vibrating device according to one of claims 18 to 26, characterized in that in a supply line for supplying fluid in the hollow body of the force generator, a valve assembly is inserted.

28. vibrating device according to claim 27, characterized in that the valve arrangement includes at least one switching valve.

29. Vibrating device according to claim 27 or 28, characterized in that the fluid outlet from the hollow body can be controlled via the valve arrangement.