EP2085149B2 - Vibrator for a vibratory pile driver - Google Patents

Vibrator for a vibratory pile driver Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2085149B2
EP2085149B2 EP08001601.7A EP08001601A EP2085149B2 EP 2085149 B2 EP2085149 B2 EP 2085149B2 EP 08001601 A EP08001601 A EP 08001601A EP 2085149 B2 EP2085149 B2 EP 2085149B2
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
vibrator
accordance
sensor
measuring
pile driver
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EP08001601.7A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP2085149B1 (en
EP2085149A1 (en
Inventor
Christian Heichel
Albrecht Dr.-Ing. Kleibl
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ABI Anlagentechnik Baumaschinen Industriebedarf Maschinenfabrik und Vertriebsgesellschaft mbH
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ABI Anlagentechnik Baumaschinen Industriebedarf Maschinenfabrik und Vertriebsgesellschaft mbH
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Application filed by ABI Anlagentechnik Baumaschinen Industriebedarf Maschinenfabrik und Vertriebsgesellschaft mbH filed Critical ABI Anlagentechnik Baumaschinen Industriebedarf Maschinenfabrik und Vertriebsgesellschaft mbH
Priority to DE200820017313 priority Critical patent/DE202008017313U1/en
Priority to EP08001601.7A priority patent/EP2085149B2/en
Priority to US12/290,104 priority patent/US8522891B2/en
Publication of EP2085149A1 publication Critical patent/EP2085149A1/en
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B06—GENERATING OR TRANSMITTING MECHANICAL VIBRATIONS IN GENERAL
    • B06B—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR GENERATING OR TRANSMITTING MECHANICAL VIBRATIONS OF INFRASONIC, SONIC, OR ULTRASONIC FREQUENCY, e.g. FOR PERFORMING MECHANICAL WORK IN GENERAL
    • B06B1/00—Methods or apparatus for generating mechanical vibrations of infrasonic, sonic, or ultrasonic frequency
    • B06B1/10—Methods or apparatus for generating mechanical vibrations of infrasonic, sonic, or ultrasonic frequency making use of mechanical energy
    • B06B1/16—Methods or apparatus for generating mechanical vibrations of infrasonic, sonic, or ultrasonic frequency making use of mechanical energy operating with systems involving rotary unbalanced masses
    • B06B1/161—Adjustable systems, i.e. where amplitude or direction of frequency of vibration can be varied
    • B06B1/166—Where the phase-angle of masses mounted on counter-rotating shafts can be varied, e.g. variation of the vibration phase
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
    • E02D7/00—Methods or apparatus for placing sheet pile bulkheads, piles, mouldpipes, or other moulds
    • E02D7/18—Placing by vibrating

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a vibration generator for a vibration pile driver according to the preamble of claim 1.
  • the invention also relates to a vibration pile driver according to claim 7.
  • vibration generators are used to introduce objects, such as profiles, into the ground or to pull them out of the ground, or to compact soil material.
  • the soil is stimulated by vibration and thus reaches a "pseudo-liquid" state.
  • the pile can then be pushed into the subsoil by static load.
  • the vibration is characterized by a linear movement and is generated by unbalances rotating in opposite directions in pairs within a vibrator gear.
  • Vibration generators are characterized by the rotating imbalance and the maximum speed.
  • Such vibration generators are, for example, in EP 0 951 949 A1 or DE 195 43 910 A1 disclosed.
  • the vibration generators are linear vibration exciters whose centrifugal force is generated by rotating imbalances. These vibration exciters move at a variable speed.
  • the size of the imbalance is also referred to as the "static moment".
  • the course of the speed of the linear vibration exciter corresponds to a periodically recurring function, for example a sine function, but it can also take other forms.
  • Vibration generators are operated with hydraulic drives, which set the shafts on which the unbalances are arranged in rotation.
  • Such hydraulic drives have a performance curve which is dependent on the operating speed or the operating pressure.
  • a higher static torque can be achieved through a lower speed, which at the same time causes a higher floor vibration.
  • Floor vibrations are to be avoided in the inner city area.
  • These can be reduced by operating at a higher speed, which at the same time reduces the static torque.
  • These measures prove to be problematic, since the required drive power and the torque are speed-dependent. If the optimum operating speed range of the hydraulic drive or motor is left, this results in a drop in performance.
  • the required torque on the engine is also reduced as the pile mass increases. Accordingly, the pressure gradient across the engine is reduced and the available drive power can only be partially used.
  • the invention aims to provide a remedy here.
  • the invention is based on the object of creating a vibration generator which enables operation in different speed ranges without a drop in performance. According to the invention, this object is achieved by the features of the characterizing part of claim 1.
  • a vibration exciter is created which enables operation in different speed ranges without a drop in performance.
  • the use of a hydraulic drive with variable displacement enables the performance curve to be adapted to the speed range required in each case. This counteracts a drop in performance of the drive.
  • the absorption volume is understood to be the amount of hydraulic fluid that the hydraulic drive consumes per revolution.
  • the power delivered by a hydraulic drive is directly proportional to the displacement, the speed and the pressure gradient.
  • the product of displacement and speed gives the volume flow.
  • the pressure gradient is the difference between the pressure of the incoming hydraulic fluid (this is usually the pump pressure) and the pressure of the outflowing hydraulic fluid (this is usually the tank pressure).
  • a control and regulating circuit which includes a storage unit for storing soil quality or task-specific default data sets with defined operating parameters, from which a required data set can be selected, sensors for the continuous acquisition of the defined operating parameters, an evaluation unit to compare the operating parameters determined with the operating parameters of the selected default data set, a control device coupled to the evaluation unit to control the vibration generator, and a control device coupled to the control device to control the means for adjusting the relative rotational position of the unbalanced masses to one another.
  • the vibration generator can be set simply by selecting an operating data set to be selected depending on the task.
  • sensors arranged to detect the frequency, the static load and the relative position of the unbalanced masses to each other.
  • the sensors preferably include at least one inductive sensor and / or a rotary encoder.
  • Such sensors have proven to be durable and robust.
  • a sensor for detecting the acceleration of the rotating shafts is advantageously arranged.
  • a sensor for detecting the amplitude of the oscillations of the oscillation generator can be arranged.
  • a device for the automatic selection of a default data record on the basis of the acceleration values determined.
  • an automatic program can be implemented through which the most efficient default values are automatically selected as a function of the task-specific operating situation, without the operator having to intervene.
  • a semi-automatic system can also be implemented in which an operating parameter data set is proposed to the operator, which can be confirmed or changed by the operator.
  • the evaluation unit advantageously has a programmable logic controller (PLC). This enables flexible control of the vibration generator.
  • PLC programmable logic controller
  • an acoustic and / or optical warning device for alarming incorrect inputs is provided, which is connected to the evaluation unit. In this way, the operator can be informed of a necessary adjustment or change in the current operating parameters.
  • the invention is also based on the object of creating a vibration pile driver which enables operation in different speed ranges without a drop in performance. According to the invention, this object is achieved by the features of claim 7.
  • a vibration pile driver is created which enables operation in different speed ranges without a drop in performance.
  • a sensor is arranged to detect the forces acting on the pile. By determining this quantity, a characterization of the soil structure is made possible. This characterization can be improved by the preferred arrangement of at least one sensor which can be applied to the penetrating medium and which is connected to the evaluation unit to detect the vibrations of the penetrating medium.
  • a sensor for detecting the penetration speed of the pile is preferably provided.
  • a device for the automatic selection of a default data set based on the determined forces acting on the pile and / or the determined pile speed and acceleration and / or the recorded vibrations of the penetrating medium.
  • an automatic program can be implemented through which the most efficient default values are automatically selected as a function of the task-specific operating situation, without the operator having to intervene.
  • a semi-automatic system can also be implemented, in which an operating characteristic data record is proposed to the operator, which can be confirmed or changed by the operator.
  • the vibration pile driving device selected as an exemplary embodiment consists essentially of a carrier device 1 on which a vibration generator (vibrator) 3 is arranged so as to be vertically displaceable via a leader 2.
  • the vibration generator 3 comprises a housing 31 which is surrounded by a hood 30. Clamping tongs 37 for receiving piling material 4 are arranged on the hood 30.
  • the hood 30 is used to guide the vibration generator 3 and transmits the static force of the leader 2 to the vibration generator 3.
  • the vibration generator 3 generates a vibration via rotating imbalances 3311, 3321, 3331, 3511, 3521, 3531, which via the clamping pliers 33 on the Ramming 4 is transferred.
  • the vibration generator 3 is designed as a vibrator gear ( Figure 2 ). It essentially consists of a housing 31 in which shafts 33, 35 provided with gear wheels 331, 332, 333, 351, 352, 353 are rotatably mounted.
  • the gears 331, 332, 333, 351, 352, 353 are each provided with unbalanced masses 3311, 3321, 3331, 3511, 3521, 3531, the gears of both shafts 33, 35 being connected to one another via gears 3613, 3614 of the rotor shaft 361 of a swivel motor 36 are engaged.
  • the gears 331, 332, 333, 351, 352, 353 provided with unbalanced masses 3311, 3321, 3331, 3511, 3521, 3531 can be adjusted in their rotational position relative to one another via the swivel motor 36, whereby the resulting unbalance or the resulting static moment is adjustable.
  • Such vibrator gears with rotatably mounted unbalanced masses which can be adjusted in the relative phase position, are known to the person skilled in the art, for example, from DE 20 2007 005 283 U1 known.
  • the vibration generator 3 is provided opposite the gears 331, 332, 333, 351, 352, 353 on the inside of the housing 31 with two inductive sensors 310 arranged parallel to the circumference of the gears and spaced apart from one another.
  • the inductive Sensors 310 enable the angular acceleration of the rotating unbalanced masses 3311, 3321, 3331, 3511, 3521, 3531 to be recorded.
  • the relative position of the unbalanced masses 3311, 3321, 3331, 3511, 3521, 3531 can also be used to determine their relative position to one another.
  • an acceleration sensor 311 is arranged on the housing 31 of the vibration generator 3.
  • a programmable logic controller (PLC) 7 is arranged as an evaluation unit for processing the signals from sensors 310, 311 and determining the aforementioned variables, which further calculates the static torque present on the basis of the frequency and time offset of the unbalanced masses to one another.
  • PLC programmable logic controller
  • a sensor system with two inductive sensors that is, one inductive sensor per unbalance pass
  • an acceleration sensor attached to the housing of the vibration generator can also be provided.
  • the shafts 33, 35 of the vibration generator 3 are connected to hydraulic drives 38 which have a variable absorption volume.
  • hydraulic drives 38 which have a variable absorption volume.
  • the hydraulic drives 38 are connected to a control module, via which the absorption volume can be adjusted as a function of the respective operating speed range.
  • the control module is integrated in the drive 38.
  • a memory unit 10 which is connected to the PLC 7 via lines 6, is connected upstream of the PLC 7.
  • soil condition-specific default data sets with defined operating parameters are stored. These default values are empirically determined values.
  • the PLC 7, together with the storage unit 10, forms an automatic program which selects a corresponding, efficient data set depending on the existing soil properties.
  • the data sets are coupled to force and acceleration values to be determined, which are transmitted to the PLC 7 as input variables.
  • the vibration emission of the surrounding penetration medium is stored as an influencing variable.
  • the force and acceleration values are determined via a force sensor 52 and an acceleration sensor 311.
  • the force sensor 52 is set up in such a way that it detects the forces acting on the pile 4, the forces exerted by the leader 2 and the opposing force generated by the penetrating medium results, determined and transmitted to the PLC 7 via lines 6.
  • the acceleration sensor 311 is set up in such a way that it determines the penetration speed and acceleration of the pile 4 into the penetration medium 9 and also transmits it to the PLC 7 via lines 6.
  • the penetration speed can optionally be determined with an additional sensor (53), preferably a laser for measuring the distance between the vibrator and the floor.
  • the force applied can also be determined using an acceleration sensor 311 and the dynamic mass.
  • a vibration sensor 54 is applied to the floor 9 at a distance from the penetration point of the pile 4. This vibration sensor 54 determines the vibrations emitted by the ground during the pile-driving process and transmits the recorded vibration values to the PLC 7 via a line 6.
  • the default data set assigned to these values (or a value range in which the determined values fall) is selected from a memory unit 10, its default values for comparison with the values provided by the sensors 310 , 311 determined operating parameters can be used.
  • the operator of the vibration pile driver it is also possible for the operator of the vibration pile driver to select a data record using a corresponding control panel.
  • a controller 8 is arranged in the carrier device 1 and is connected to the memory unit 10 and to the PLC 7 via lines 6.
  • the controller 8 is set up in such a way that it calculates the optimal operating parameters of the vibration generator from the static moment determined by the PLC 7 and the acceleration data determined by the sensors 311 against the background of the default parameters of the default data set selected from the storage unit 10.
  • the controller 8 is connected to the swivel motor 36 arranged in the vibration generator 3 for changing the relative rotational position of the unbalanced masses to one another.
  • the current operating characteristic data recorded by the sensors 310, 311 is matched to the corresponding default values of the selected default data set. If the permissible acceleration values are exceeded, the resulting imbalance or the resulting static moment is readjusted by the swivel motor 36 via the gearwheel 3621.
  • an optical and / or acoustic signal can be installed in the operator's stand of the carrier device in order to inform the operator that the permissible acceleration values have been significantly exceeded. As a rule, this indicates the selection of an unsuitable set of operating parameters from the memory unit 10. Activating the signal instructs the operator to check the selection of the default data record and to correct it if necessary.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
  • Paleontology (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Placing Or Removing Of Piles Or Sheet Piles, Or Accessories Thereof (AREA)

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft einen Schwingungserzeuger für ein Vibrationsrammgerät nach dem Oberbegriff des Patentanspruchs 1. Die Erfindung betrifft weiterhin ein Vibrationsrammgerät nach dem Patentanspruch 7.The invention relates to a vibration generator for a vibration pile driver according to the preamble of claim 1. The invention also relates to a vibration pile driver according to claim 7.

Im Bauwesen werden Schwingungserzeuger verwendet, um Objekte, wie beispielsweise Profile, in den Boden einzubringen oder aus dem Boden zu ziehen oder auch um Bodenmaterial zu verdichten. Der Boden wird durch Vibration angeregt und erreicht so einen "pseudoflüssigen" Zustand. Durch statische Auflast kann das Rammgut dann in den Baugrund gedrückt werden. Die Vibration ist gekennzeichnet durch eine lineare Bewegung und wird durch paarweise gegenläufig rotierende Unwuchten innerhalb eines Vibratorgetriebes generiert. Schwingungserzeuger werden charakterisiert durch die rotierende Unwucht und die maximale Drehzahl. Solche Schwingungserzeuger sind z.B. in EP 0 951 949 A1 oder DE 195 43 910 A1 offenbart.In construction, vibration generators are used to introduce objects, such as profiles, into the ground or to pull them out of the ground, or to compact soil material. The soil is stimulated by vibration and thus reaches a "pseudo-liquid" state. The pile can then be pushed into the subsoil by static load. The vibration is characterized by a linear movement and is generated by unbalances rotating in opposite directions in pairs within a vibrator gear. Vibration generators are characterized by the rotating imbalance and the maximum speed. Such vibration generators are, for example, in EP 0 951 949 A1 or DE 195 43 910 A1 disclosed.

Die Schwingungserzeuger sind linear wirkende Schwingungserreger, deren Fliehkraft durch rotierende Unwuchten generiert wird. Diese Schwingungserreger bewegen sich mit veränderlicher Geschwindigkeit. Die Größe der Unwucht wird auch als "statisches Moment" bezeichnet. Der Verlauf der Geschwindigkeit des linearen Schwingungserregers entspricht einer periodisch wiederkehrenden Funktion, beispielsweise einer Sinusfunktion, sie kann aber auch andere Formen einnehmen.The vibration generators are linear vibration exciters whose centrifugal force is generated by rotating imbalances. These vibration exciters move at a variable speed. The size of the imbalance is also referred to as the "static moment". The course of the speed of the linear vibration exciter corresponds to a periodically recurring function, for example a sine function, but it can also take other forms.

Schwingungserzeuger werden mit hydraulischen Antrieben betrieben, welche die Wellen, auf denen die Unwuchten angeordnet sind, in Rotation versetzen. Derartige hydraulische Antriebe weisen eine Leistungskurve auf, welche abhängig ist von der Betriebsdrehzahl bzw. vom Betriebsdruck. Bei gleicher Antriebsleistung ist durch eine niedrigere Drehzahl ein höheres statisches Moment erzielbar, wodurch gleichzeitig eine höhere Bodenschwingung bewirkt ist. Im Innenstadtbereich sind Bodenschwingungen zu vermeiden. Diese können durch einen Betrieb mit höherer Drehzahl reduziert werden, wodurch jedoch gleichzeitig das statische Moment verringert wird. Diese Maßnahmen erweisen sich als problematisch, da die erforderliche Antriebsleistung und das Drehmoment drehzahlabhängig sind. Wird der optimale Betriebsdrehzahlbereich des hydraulischen Antriebs bzw. Motors verlassen, so resultiert hieraus ein Leistungsabfall. Ebenso verringert sich das erforderliche Drehmoment am Motor bei wachsender Rammgutmasse. Dementsprechend verringert sich das Druckgefälle am Motor und die angebotene Antriebsleistung kann nur noch teilweise genutzt werden.Vibration generators are operated with hydraulic drives, which set the shafts on which the unbalances are arranged in rotation. Such hydraulic drives have a performance curve which is dependent on the operating speed or the operating pressure. With the same drive power, a higher static torque can be achieved through a lower speed, which at the same time causes a higher floor vibration. Floor vibrations are to be avoided in the inner city area. These can be reduced by operating at a higher speed, which at the same time reduces the static torque. These measures prove to be problematic, since the required drive power and the torque are speed-dependent. If the optimum operating speed range of the hydraulic drive or motor is left, this results in a drop in performance. The required torque on the engine is also reduced as the pile mass increases. Accordingly, the pressure gradient across the engine is reduced and the available drive power can only be partially used.

Hier will die Erfindung Abhilfe schaffen. Der Erfindung liegt die Aufgabe zu Grunde, einen Schwingungserzeuger zu schaffen, der einen Betrieb in unterschiedlichen Drehzahlbereichen ohne Leistungsabfall ermöglicht. Gemäß der Erfindung wird diese Aufgabe durch die Merkmale des kennzeichnenden Teils des Patentanspruchs 1 gelöst.The invention aims to provide a remedy here. The invention is based on the object of creating a vibration generator which enables operation in different speed ranges without a drop in performance. According to the invention, this object is achieved by the features of the characterizing part of claim 1.

Mit der Erfindung ist ein Schwingungserreger geschaffen, der einen Betrieb in unterschiedlichen Drehzahlbereichen ohne Leistungsabfall ermöglicht. Durch den Einsatz eines hydraulischen Antriebs mit veränderbaren Schluckvolumen ist eine Anpassung der Leistungskurve auf den jeweils erforderlichen Drehzahlbereich ermöglicht. Einem Leistungsabfall des Antriebs ist hierdurch entgegengewirkt.With the invention, a vibration exciter is created which enables operation in different speed ranges without a drop in performance. The use of a hydraulic drive with variable displacement enables the performance curve to be adapted to the speed range required in each case. This counteracts a drop in performance of the drive.

Unter Schluckvolumen wird bei Hydraulikmotoren bzw. -antrieben jene Menge an Hydraulikflüssigkeit verstanden, die der Hydraulikantrieb pro Umdrehung verbraucht. Die von einem Hydraulikantrieb abgegebene Leistung ist direkt proportional dem Schluckvolumen, der Drehzahl und dem Druckgefälle. Das Produkt aus Schluckvolumen und Drehzahl ergibt den Volumenstrom. Das Druckgefälle ist der Unterschied zwischen Druck der zulaufenden Hydraulikflüssigkeit (das ist in der Regel der Pumpendruck) und dem Druck der ablaufenden Hydraulikflüssigkeit (das ist in der Regel der Tankdruck).In the case of hydraulic motors or drives, the absorption volume is understood to be the amount of hydraulic fluid that the hydraulic drive consumes per revolution. The power delivered by a hydraulic drive is directly proportional to the displacement, the speed and the pressure gradient. The product of displacement and speed gives the volume flow. The pressure gradient is the difference between the pressure of the incoming hydraulic fluid (this is usually the pump pressure) and the pressure of the outflowing hydraulic fluid (this is usually the tank pressure).

In Ausgestaltung der Erfindung ist ein Steuer- und Regelkreis vorgesehen, der eine Speichereinheit zur Hinterlegung von Bodenbeschaffenheits- oder Aufgabenspezifischen Vorgabe- Datensätzen mit definierten Betriebskenngrößen, umfasst, aus der ein jeweils erforderlicher Datensatz auswählbar ist, Sensoren zur kontinuierlichen Erfassung der definierten Betriebskenngrößen, eine Auswerteeinheit zum Vergleich der ermittelten Betriebskenngrüßen mit den Betriebskenngrößen des ausgewählten Vorgabe-Datensatzes, eine mit der Auswerteeinheit gekoppelte Regelvorrichtung zur Regelung des Schwingungserzeugers, sowie eine mit der Regelvorrichtung gekoppelte Steuervorrichtung zur Ansteuerung der Mittel zur Verstellung der relativen Drehposition der Unwuchtmassen zueinander. Hierdurch ist die Bereitstellung und Auswahl von in der Praxis erworbenen Erfahrungswerten in Art eines Expertensystems ermöglicht. In Abhängigkeit von der Aufgabenstellung kann so eine einfache Einstellung des Schwingungserzeugers durch Auswahl eines je nach Aufgabe zu wählenden Betriebsdatensatzes erfolgen.In an embodiment of the invention, a control and regulating circuit is provided which includes a storage unit for storing soil quality or task-specific default data sets with defined operating parameters, from which a required data set can be selected, sensors for the continuous acquisition of the defined operating parameters, an evaluation unit to compare the operating parameters determined with the operating parameters of the selected default data set, a control device coupled to the evaluation unit to control the vibration generator, and a control device coupled to the control device to control the means for adjusting the relative rotational position of the unbalanced masses to one another. This enables the provision and selection of empirical values acquired in practice in the manner of an expert system. Depending on the task at hand, the vibration generator can be set simply by selecting an operating data set to be selected depending on the task.

In Weiterbildung der Erfindung sind Sensoren zur Erfassung der Frequenz, der statischen Auflast sowie der relativen Position der Unwuchtmassen zueinander angeordnet. Bevorzugt umfassen die Sensoren wenigstens einen induktiven Sensor und/ oder einen Drehgeber. Derartige Sensoren haben sich als langlebig und robust erwiesen. Vorteilhaft ist ein Sensor zur Erfassung der Beschleunigung der rotierenden Wellen angeordnet. Ergänzend kann ein Sensor zur Erfassung der Amplitude der Schwingungen des Schwingungserzeugers angeordnet sein.In a development of the invention are sensors arranged to detect the frequency, the static load and the relative position of the unbalanced masses to each other. The sensors preferably include at least one inductive sensor and / or a rotary encoder. Such sensors have proven to be durable and robust. A sensor for detecting the acceleration of the rotating shafts is advantageously arranged. In addition, a sensor for detecting the amplitude of the oscillations of the oscillation generator can be arranged.

In Ausgestaltung der Erfindung ist eine Vorrichtung zur automatischen Auswahl eines Vorgabe-Datensatzes auf Grundlage der ermittelten Beschleunigungswerte vorgesehen. Hierdurch ist eine Programmautomatik realisierbar, durch die in Abhängigkeit von der aufgabenspezifischen Betriebssituation die automatische Auswahl der effizientesten Vorgabegrößen erfolgt, ohne dass ein Eingriff des Bedieners erforderlich ist. Alternativ kann auch eine Halbautomatik realisiert werden, bei der dem Bediener ein Betriebskenngrößendatensatz vorgeschlagen wird, welcher durch den Bediener bestätigt oder verändert werden kann.In an embodiment of the invention, a device is provided for the automatic selection of a default data record on the basis of the acceleration values determined. In this way, an automatic program can be implemented through which the most efficient default values are automatically selected as a function of the task-specific operating situation, without the operator having to intervene. Alternatively, a semi-automatic system can also be implemented in which an operating parameter data set is proposed to the operator, which can be confirmed or changed by the operator.

Vorteilhaft weist die Auswerteeinheit eine speicherprogrammierbare Steuerung (SPS) auf. Hierdurch ist eine flexible Steuerung des Schwingungserzeugers ermöglicht.The evaluation unit advantageously has a programmable logic controller (PLC). This enables flexible control of the vibration generator.

In Weiterbildung der Erfindung ist eine akustische und/oder optische Warneinrichtung zur Alarmierung von Fehleingaben vorgesehen, die mit der Auswerteeinheit verbunden ist. Hierdurch kann der Bediener auf eine erforderliche Anpassung bzw. Änderung der aktuellen Betriebskenngrößen hingewiesen werden.In a further development of the invention, an acoustic and / or optical warning device for alarming incorrect inputs is provided, which is connected to the evaluation unit. In this way, the operator can be informed of a necessary adjustment or change in the current operating parameters.

Der Erfindung liegt weiterhin die Aufgabe zu Grunde, ein Vibrationsrammgerät zu schaffen, das einen Betrieb in unterschiedlichen Drehzahlbereichen ohne Leistungsabfall ermöglicht. Gemäß der Erfindung wird diese Aufgabe durch die Merkmale des Patentanspruchs 7 gelöst.The invention is also based on the object of creating a vibration pile driver which enables operation in different speed ranges without a drop in performance. According to the invention, this object is achieved by the features of claim 7.

Mit der Erfindung ist ein Vibrationsrammgerät geschaffen, das einen Betrieb in unterschiedlichen Drehzahlbereichen ohne Leistungsabfall ermöglicht.With the invention, a vibration pile driver is created which enables operation in different speed ranges without a drop in performance.

In Ausgestaltung der Erfindung ist ein Sensor zur Erfassung der auf das Rammgut einwirkenden Kräfte angeordnet. Durch die Ermittlung dieser Größe ist eine Charakterisierung der Bodenbeschaffenheit ermöglicht. Diese Charakterisierung kann durch die bevorzugte Anordnung wenigstens eines auf das Eindringmedium aufbringbaren Sensors zur Erfassung der Schwingungen des Eindringmediums, der mit der Auswerteeinheit verbunden ist, verbessert werden. Bevorzugt ist ein Sensor zur Erfassung der Eindringgeschwindigkeit des Rammguts vorgesehen.In an embodiment of the invention, a sensor is arranged to detect the forces acting on the pile. By determining this quantity, a characterization of the soil structure is made possible. This characterization can be improved by the preferred arrangement of at least one sensor which can be applied to the penetrating medium and which is connected to the evaluation unit to detect the vibrations of the penetrating medium. A sensor for detecting the penetration speed of the pile is preferably provided.

In bevorzugter Weiterbildung der Erfindung ist eine Vorrichtung zur automatischen Auswahl eines Vorgabe-Datensatzes auf Grundlage der ermittelten auf das Rammgut einwirkenden Kräfte und/oder der ermittelten Rammgutgeschwindigkeit und -beschleunigung und/ oder der erfassten Schwingungen des Eindringmediums vorgesehen. Hierdurch ist eine Programmautomatik realisierbar, durch die in Abhängigkeit von der aufgabenspezifischen Betriebssituation die automatische Auswahl der effizientesten Vorgabegrößen erfolgt, ohne dass ein Eingriff des Bedieners erforderlich ist. Alternativ ist auch eine Halbautomatik realisierbar, bei der dem Bediener ein Betriebskenndatensatz vorgeschlagen wird, welcher durch den Bediener bestätigt oder verändert werden kann.In a preferred development of the invention, a device is provided for the automatic selection of a default data set based on the determined forces acting on the pile and / or the determined pile speed and acceleration and / or the recorded vibrations of the penetrating medium. In this way, an automatic program can be implemented through which the most efficient default values are automatically selected as a function of the task-specific operating situation, without the operator having to intervene. Alternatively, a semi-automatic system can also be implemented, in which an operating characteristic data record is proposed to the operator, which can be confirmed or changed by the operator.

Andere Weiterbildungen und Ausgestaltungen der Erfindung sind in den übrigen Unteransprüchen angegeben. Ein Ausführungsbeispiel der Erfindung ist in den Zeichnungen dargestellt und wird nachfolgend im Einzelnen beschrieben. Es zeigen:

Fig. 1:
Die schematische Darstellung eines Vibrationsrammgerätes mit Trägergerät und
Fig. 2:
die schematische Darstellung eines Vibratorgetriebes im Längsschnitt.
Other developments and refinements of the invention are specified in the remaining subclaims. An embodiment of the invention is shown in the drawings and is described in detail below. Show it:
Fig. 1:
The schematic representation of a vibratory pile driver with carrier and
Fig. 2:
the schematic representation of a vibrator transmission in longitudinal section.

Das als Ausführungsbeispiel gewählte Vibrationsrammgerät besteht im Wesentlichen aus einem Trägergerät 1, an dem über einen Mäkler 2 ein Schwingungserzeuger (Vibrator) 3 vertikal verschiebbar angeordnet ist. Der Schwingungserzeuger 3 umfasst ein Gehäuse 31, welches von einer Haube 30 umgeben ist. An der Haube 30 ist eine Klemmzange 37 zur Aufnahme von Rammgut 4 angeordnet. Die Haube 30 dient der Führung des Schwingungserzeugers 3 und überträgt die statische Kraft des Mäklers 2 auf den Schwingungserzeuger 3. Der Schwingungserzeuger 3 generiert über rotierende Unwuchten 3311, 3321, 3331, 3511, 3521, 3531 eine Vibration, welche über die Klemmzange 33 auf das Rammgut 4 übertragen wird.The vibration pile driving device selected as an exemplary embodiment consists essentially of a carrier device 1 on which a vibration generator (vibrator) 3 is arranged so as to be vertically displaceable via a leader 2. The vibration generator 3 comprises a housing 31 which is surrounded by a hood 30. Clamping tongs 37 for receiving piling material 4 are arranged on the hood 30. The hood 30 is used to guide the vibration generator 3 and transmits the static force of the leader 2 to the vibration generator 3. The vibration generator 3 generates a vibration via rotating imbalances 3311, 3321, 3331, 3511, 3521, 3531, which via the clamping pliers 33 on the Ramming 4 is transferred.

Der Schwingungserzeuger 3 ist als Vibratorgetriebe ausgeführt (Figur 2). Es besteht im Wesentlichen aus einem Gehäuse 31, in dem mit Zahnrädern 331, 332, 333, 351, 352, 353 versehene Wellen 33, 35 drehbar gelagert sind. Die Zahnräder 331, 332, 333, 351, 352, 353 sind jeweils mit Unwuchtmassen 3311, 3321, 3331, 3511, 3521, 3531 versehen, wobei die Zahnräder beider Wellen 33, 35 über Zahnräder 3613, 3614 der Rotorwelle 361 eines Schwenkmotors 36 miteinander im Eingriff sind. Die mit Unwuchtmassen 3311, 3321, 3331, 3511, 3521, 3531 versehenen Zahnräder 331, 332, 333, 351, 352, 353 sind über den Schwenkmotor 36 in ihrer rotatorischen Position relativ zueinander verstellbar, wodurch die resultierende Unwucht bzw. das resultierende statische Moment einstellbar ist. Derartige Vibratorgetriebe mit drehbar gelagerten Unwuchtmassen, die in der relativen Phasenlage verstellbar sind, sind dem Fachmann beispielsweise aus der DE 20 2007 005 283 U1 bekannt.The vibration generator 3 is designed as a vibrator gear ( Figure 2 ). It essentially consists of a housing 31 in which shafts 33, 35 provided with gear wheels 331, 332, 333, 351, 352, 353 are rotatably mounted. The gears 331, 332, 333, 351, 352, 353 are each provided with unbalanced masses 3311, 3321, 3331, 3511, 3521, 3531, the gears of both shafts 33, 35 being connected to one another via gears 3613, 3614 of the rotor shaft 361 of a swivel motor 36 are engaged. The gears 331, 332, 333, 351, 352, 353 provided with unbalanced masses 3311, 3321, 3331, 3511, 3521, 3531 can be adjusted in their rotational position relative to one another via the swivel motor 36, whereby the resulting unbalance or the resulting static moment is adjustable. Such vibrator gears with rotatably mounted unbalanced masses, which can be adjusted in the relative phase position, are known to the person skilled in the art, for example, from DE 20 2007 005 283 U1 known.

Der Schwingungserzeuger 3 ist gegenüberliegend den Zahnrädern 331, 332, 333, 351, 352, 353 auf der Innenseite des Gehäuses 31 jeweils mit zwei parallel zum Umfang der Zahnräder beabstandet zueinander angeordneten induktiven Sensoren 310 versehen. Die induktiven Sensoren 310 ermöglichen die Erfassung der Winkelbeschleunigung der rotierenden Unwuchtmassen 3311, 3321, 3331, 3511, 3521, 3531. Über den Zeitversatz der Unwuchtmassen 3311, 3321, 3331, 3511, 3521, 3531 lässt sich weiterhin deren relative Position zueinander ermitteln. Des Weiteren ist an dem Gehäuse 31 des Schwingungserzeugers 3 ein Beschleunigungssensor 311 angeordnet. Zur Verarbeitung der Signale der Sensoren 310, 311 und Ermittlung der vorgenannten Größen ist als Auswerteeinheit eine speicherprogrammierbare Steuerung (SPS) 7 angeordnet, welche weiterhin auf Basis von Frequenz und Zeitversatz der Unwuchtmassen zueinander das jeweils anliegende statische Moment berechnet. Alternativ kann auch eine Sensorik mit zwei induktiven Sensoren (also einem induktiven Sensor pro Unwuchtgang) sowie einem auf dem Gehäuse des Schwingungserzeugers angebrachter Beschleunigungssensor vorgesehen sein.The vibration generator 3 is provided opposite the gears 331, 332, 333, 351, 352, 353 on the inside of the housing 31 with two inductive sensors 310 arranged parallel to the circumference of the gears and spaced apart from one another. The inductive Sensors 310 enable the angular acceleration of the rotating unbalanced masses 3311, 3321, 3331, 3511, 3521, 3531 to be recorded. The relative position of the unbalanced masses 3311, 3321, 3331, 3511, 3521, 3531 can also be used to determine their relative position to one another. Furthermore, an acceleration sensor 311 is arranged on the housing 31 of the vibration generator 3. A programmable logic controller (PLC) 7 is arranged as an evaluation unit for processing the signals from sensors 310, 311 and determining the aforementioned variables, which further calculates the static torque present on the basis of the frequency and time offset of the unbalanced masses to one another. Alternatively, a sensor system with two inductive sensors (that is, one inductive sensor per unbalance pass) and an acceleration sensor attached to the housing of the vibration generator can also be provided.

Die Wellen 33, 35 des Schwingungserzeugers 3 sind mit hydraulischen Antrieben 38 verbunden, die ein veränderbares Schluckvolumen aufweisen. Derartige regelbare Hydraulikantriebe sind in unterschiedlichen Ausführungen bekannt. Die hydraulischen Antriebe 38 sind mit einem Regelmodul verbunden, über welches das Schluckvolumen in Abhängigkeit vom jeweiligen Betriebsdrehzahlbereich einstellbar ist. Im Ausführungsbeispiel ist das Regelmodul in dem Antrieb 38 integriert.The shafts 33, 35 of the vibration generator 3 are connected to hydraulic drives 38 which have a variable absorption volume. Such controllable hydraulic drives are known in different designs. The hydraulic drives 38 are connected to a control module, via which the absorption volume can be adjusted as a function of the respective operating speed range. In the exemplary embodiment, the control module is integrated in the drive 38.

Der SPS 7 vorgeschaltet ist eine Speichereinheit 10, welche über Leitungen 6 mit der SPS 7 verbunden ist. In der Speichereinheit 10 sind bodenbeschaffenheitsspezifische Vorgabedatensätze mit definierten Betriebskenngrößen hinterlegt. Bei diesen Vorgabegrößen handelt es sich um empirisch ermittelte Größen. Im Ausführungsbeispiel bildet die SPS 7 zusammen mit der Speichereinheit 10 eine Programmautomatik, welche je nach vorliegender Bodenbeschaffenheit einen entsprechenden effizienten Datensatz auswählt. Im Ausführungsbeispiel sind die Datensätze an zu ermittelnde Kraft- und Beschleunigungswerte gekoppelt, welche als Eingangsgrößen der SPS 7 übermittelt werden. Zusätzlich ist als Einflussgröße die Schwingungsemission des umgebenden Eindringmediums hinterlegt.A memory unit 10, which is connected to the PLC 7 via lines 6, is connected upstream of the PLC 7. In the memory unit 10, soil condition-specific default data sets with defined operating parameters are stored. These default values are empirically determined values. In the exemplary embodiment, the PLC 7, together with the storage unit 10, forms an automatic program which selects a corresponding, efficient data set depending on the existing soil properties. In the exemplary embodiment, the data sets are coupled to force and acceleration values to be determined, which are transmitted to the PLC 7 as input variables. In addition, the vibration emission of the surrounding penetration medium is stored as an influencing variable.

Die Ermittlung der Kraft- und Beschleunigungswerte erfolgt über einen Kraftsensor 52 sowie einen Beschleunigungssensor 311. Der Kraftsensor 52 ist derart eingerichtet, dass er die auf das Rammgut 4 einwirkenden Kräfte, die aus der durch den Mäkler 2 aufgebrachten Kräfte sowie der durch das Eindringmedium erzeugten Gegenkraft resultiert, ermittelt und über Leitungen 6 an die SPS 7 übermittelt. Der Beschleunigungssensor 311 ist derart eingerichtet, dass er die Eindringgeschwindigkeit und -beschleunigung des Rammgutes 4 in das Eindringmedium 9 ermittelt und ebenfalls über Leitungen 6 an die SPS 7 übermittelt. Wahlweise kann die Eindringgeschwindigkeit mit einem zusätzlichen Sensor (53) ermittelt werden, vorzugsweise einem Laser zur Abstandsmessung zwischen Vibrator und Boden. Alternativ kann die Ermittlung der anliegenden Kraft auch über einen Beschleunigungssensor 311 und die dynamische Masse erfolgen.The force and acceleration values are determined via a force sensor 52 and an acceleration sensor 311. The force sensor 52 is set up in such a way that it detects the forces acting on the pile 4, the forces exerted by the leader 2 and the opposing force generated by the penetrating medium results, determined and transmitted to the PLC 7 via lines 6. The acceleration sensor 311 is set up in such a way that it determines the penetration speed and acceleration of the pile 4 into the penetration medium 9 and also transmits it to the PLC 7 via lines 6. The penetration speed can optionally be determined with an additional sensor (53), preferably a laser for measuring the distance between the vibrator and the floor. Alternatively, the force applied can also be determined using an acceleration sensor 311 and the dynamic mass.

Zur Ermittlung der Schwingungsemission des das Rammgut 4 umgebenden Bodens 9 ist beabstandet zum Eindringort des Rammgutes 4 ein Schwingungssensor 54 auf den Boden 9 aufgebracht. Dieser Schwingungssensor 54 ermittelt die vom Boden während des Rammvorgangs vom Boden 9 emittierten Schwingungen und übermittelt die erfassten Schwingungswerte über eine Leitung 6 an die SPS 7.In order to determine the vibration emission of the soil 9 surrounding the pile 4, a vibration sensor 54 is applied to the floor 9 at a distance from the penetration point of the pile 4. This vibration sensor 54 determines the vibrations emitted by the ground during the pile-driving process and transmits the recorded vibration values to the PLC 7 via a line 6.

Auf Basis der so ermittelten Kraft- und Beschleunigungswerte sowie der gemessenen Schwingungswerte wird aus einer Speichereinheit 10 der diesen Werten (bzw. einem Wertebereich, in den die ermittelten Werte fallen) zugeordnete Vorgabe-Datensatz ausgewählt, dessen Vorgabewerte zum Abgleich mit den durch die Sensoren 310, 311 ermittelten Betriebskenngrößen herangezogen werden. In einer alternativen Ausgestaltung ist auch die Auswahl eines Datensatzes durch den Bediener des Vibrationsrammgerätes über ein entsprechendes Bedienfeld möglich.On the basis of the force and acceleration values determined in this way as well as the measured vibration values, the default data set assigned to these values (or a value range in which the determined values fall) is selected from a memory unit 10, its default values for comparison with the values provided by the sensors 310 , 311 determined operating parameters can be used. In an alternative embodiment, it is also possible for the operator of the vibration pile driver to select a data record using a corresponding control panel.

In dem Trägergerät 1 ist eine Steuerung 8 angeordnet, welche über Leitungen 6 mit der Speichereinheit 10 sowie mit der SPS 7 verbunden ist. Die Steuerung 8 ist derart eingerichtet, dass sie aus dem von der SPS 7 ermittelten statischen Moment sowie den von den Sensoren 311 ermittelten Beschleunigungsdaten vor dem Hintergrund der Vorgabekennwerte des aus der Speichereinheit 10 ausgewählten Vorgabe-Datensatzes die optimalen Betriebskenngrößen des Schwingungserzeugers errechnet.A controller 8 is arranged in the carrier device 1 and is connected to the memory unit 10 and to the PLC 7 via lines 6. The controller 8 is set up in such a way that it calculates the optimal operating parameters of the vibration generator from the static moment determined by the PLC 7 and the acceleration data determined by the sensors 311 against the background of the default parameters of the default data set selected from the storage unit 10.

Die Steuerung 8 ist mit dem in dem Schwingungserzeuger 3 angeordneten Schwenkmotor 36 zur Veränderung der relativen Drehposition der Unwuchtmassen zueinander verbunden. Über die Ansteuerung des Schwenkmotors 36 erfolgt eine Angleichung der aktuellen durch die Sensoren 310, 311 erfassten Betriebskenndaten an die entsprechenden Vorgabewerte des ausgewählten Vorgabedatensatzes. Im Falle der Überschreitung der zulässigen Beschleunigungswerte erfolgt über den Schwenkmotor 36 über das Zahnrad 3621 eine Nachstellung der resultierenden Unwucht bzw. des resultierenden statischen Moments.The controller 8 is connected to the swivel motor 36 arranged in the vibration generator 3 for changing the relative rotational position of the unbalanced masses to one another. By activating the swivel motor 36, the current operating characteristic data recorded by the sensors 310, 311 is matched to the corresponding default values of the selected default data set. If the permissible acceleration values are exceeded, the resulting imbalance or the resulting static moment is readjusted by the swivel motor 36 via the gearwheel 3621.

Zusätzlich ist die Installation eines optischen und / oder akustischen Signals im Bedienerstand des Trägergerätes möglich, um den Bediener von der wesentlichen Überschreitung zulässiger Beschleunigungswerte zu informieren. Im Regelfall weist dies auf die Auswahl eines ungeeigneten Betriebskenngrößensatzes aus der Speichereinheit 10 hin. Durch die Aktivierung des Signals wird der Bediener angewiesen, die Auswahl des Vorgabedatensatzes zu überprüfen und gegebenenfalls zu korrigieren.In addition, an optical and / or acoustic signal can be installed in the operator's stand of the carrier device in order to inform the operator that the permissible acceleration values have been significantly exceeded. As a rule, this indicates the selection of an unsuitable set of operating parameters from the memory unit 10. Activating the signal instructs the operator to check the selection of the default data record and to correct it if necessary.

Claims (10)

  1. Vibrator for a vibratory pile driver comprising rotating unbalanced masses (3321, 3331, 3521, 3531), arranged on shafts (33, 35), characterised in that at least one hydraulic drive unit (38) is arranged to drive the shafts, which drive unit has a displacement which can be varied by means of a control module depending on the range of operating speed, wherein means (36) are arranged for adjusting the rotating position of the unbalanced masses in relation to one another, which means are formed by a swing motor.
  2. Vibrator in accordance with claim 1, characterised in that a control and regulating circuit is provided, which comprises the following components:
    - a memory unit for storing data sets with defined operating parameters regarding ground composition and task-specific settings, from which the data set required in each case can be selected,
    - sensors (5) for continuous recording of the defined operating parameters,
    - an evaluation unit (7) for comparing the operating parameters recorded with those of the selected task-specific data set,
    - a regulating device coupled to the evaluation unit (7) for regulating the static moment of the vibrator on the basis of the comparative values determined by the evaluation unit (7),
    - a control device coupled to the regulating device for controlling the means of varying the rotation position of the unbalanced masses in relation to one another.
  3. Vibrator in accordance with claim 1 or 2, characterised in that sensors (5) are arranged for measuring the frequency and the position of the unbalanced masses in relation to one another.
  4. Vibrator in accordance with any of the aforementioned claims, characterised in that at least one sensor (5) is arranged for measuring the acceleration of the rotating shafts within the vibrator (3).
  5. Vibrator in accordance with any of the aforementioned claims, characterised in that at least one sensor (51) is arranged for measuring the acceleration of the vibrator.
  6. Vibrator in accordance with claim 5, characterised in that at least one sensor (51) is arranged for measuring the acceleration of the vibrator and that a device is provided for automatically selecting a task-specific data set on the basis of the acceleration figures measured.
  7. Vibratory pile driver, comprising a vibrator (3) in accordance with any of the claims 1 to 6, a leader (2) along which the vibrator (3) is arranged to move, and/or a retainer for the pile material (4).
  8. Vibratory pile driver in accordance with claim 7, characterised in that a sensor (52) is arranged for measuring the force acting on the pile material (4).
  9. Vibratory pile driver in accordance with claim 7 or claim 8, characterised in that a sensor (53) is arranged for measuring the speed of penetration.
  10. Vibratory pile driver in accordance with any of the claims 7 to 9, characterised in that at least one external sensor (54) is provided, which can be mounted on the penetrating medium for measuring the vibrations of the penetrating medium, and which is connected to the evaluation unit (7).
EP08001601.7A 2008-01-29 2008-01-29 Vibrator for a vibratory pile driver Active EP2085149B2 (en)

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DE200820017313 DE202008017313U1 (en) 2008-01-29 2008-01-29 Vibration generator for vibratory pile driver
EP08001601.7A EP2085149B2 (en) 2008-01-29 2008-01-29 Vibrator for a vibratory pile driver
US12/290,104 US8522891B2 (en) 2008-01-29 2008-10-27 Vibration generator for a vibration pile driver

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