EP1285135A1 - Oscillation detecting device for compacting soil - Google Patents

Oscillation detecting device for compacting soil

Info

Publication number
EP1285135A1
EP1285135A1 EP01945001A EP01945001A EP1285135A1 EP 1285135 A1 EP1285135 A1 EP 1285135A1 EP 01945001 A EP01945001 A EP 01945001A EP 01945001 A EP01945001 A EP 01945001A EP 1285135 A1 EP1285135 A1 EP 1285135A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
soil
mass
contact element
vibration
ground contact
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP01945001A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Inventor
Wolfgang Fervers
Thomas Maurer
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Wacker Construction Equipment AG
Original Assignee
Wacker Werke GmbH and Co KG
Wacker Construction Equipment AG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Wacker Werke GmbH and Co KG, Wacker Construction Equipment AG filed Critical Wacker Werke GmbH and Co KG
Publication of EP1285135A1 publication Critical patent/EP1285135A1/en
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E01—CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
    • E01C—CONSTRUCTION OF, OR SURFACES FOR, ROADS, SPORTS GROUNDS, OR THE LIKE; MACHINES OR AUXILIARY TOOLS FOR CONSTRUCTION OR REPAIR
    • E01C19/00—Machines, tools or auxiliary devices for preparing or distributing paving materials, for working the placed materials, or for forming, consolidating, or finishing the paving
    • E01C19/22—Machines, tools or auxiliary devices for preparing or distributing paving materials, for working the placed materials, or for forming, consolidating, or finishing the paving for consolidating or finishing laid-down unset materials
    • E01C19/30—Tamping or vibrating apparatus other than rollers ; Devices for ramming individual paving elements
    • E01C19/34—Power-driven rammers or tampers, e.g. air-hammer impacted shoes for ramming stone-sett paving; Hand-actuated ramming or tamping machines, e.g. tampers with manually hoisted dropping weight
    • E01C19/38—Power-driven rammers or tampers, e.g. air-hammer impacted shoes for ramming stone-sett paving; Hand-actuated ramming or tamping machines, e.g. tampers with manually hoisted dropping weight with means specifically for generating vibrations, e.g. vibrating plate compactors, immersion vibrators
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E01—CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
    • E01C—CONSTRUCTION OF, OR SURFACES FOR, ROADS, SPORTS GROUNDS, OR THE LIKE; MACHINES OR AUXILIARY TOOLS FOR CONSTRUCTION OR REPAIR
    • E01C19/00—Machines, tools or auxiliary devices for preparing or distributing paving materials, for working the placed materials, or for forming, consolidating, or finishing the paving
    • E01C19/22—Machines, tools or auxiliary devices for preparing or distributing paving materials, for working the placed materials, or for forming, consolidating, or finishing the paving for consolidating or finishing laid-down unset materials
    • E01C19/23—Rollers therefor; Such rollers usable also for compacting soil
    • E01C19/28—Vibrated rollers or rollers subjected to impacts, e.g. hammering blows
    • E01C19/288—Vibrated rollers or rollers subjected to impacts, e.g. hammering blows adapted for monitoring characteristics of the material being compacted, e.g. indicating resonant frequency, measuring degree of compaction, by measuring values, detectable on the roller; using detected values to control operation of the roller, e.g. automatic adjustment of vibration responsive to such measurements

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a soil compaction device with a soil contact element acted upon by a vibration exciter for soil compaction.
  • Such a soil compaction device e.g. B. a vibration plate or roller
  • a vibration plate or roller usually consists of two relatively elastically coupled masses, namely a lower and an upper mass.
  • the lower mass essentially comprises a ground contact element which is acted upon by a vibration exciter.
  • the upper mass usually carries a drive for the vibration exciter and is connected to the lower mass via spring elements.
  • unbalance exciters have proven to be vibration exciters, in which one or two shafts carrying unbalanced masses are rotated.
  • the resulting vibration which can also be adjusted in different directions if necessary, is introduced into the soil contact element and used to compact soil.
  • the structure described is generally known in particular in connection with vibration plates or rollers, so that a further description is not necessary.
  • the vibration exciters usually generate a vibration with constant frequency and amplitude.
  • vibratory plates are known, in which a stepped or stepless adjustment of frequency and / or amplitude is possible, but the adjustment is the sole responsibility of the operator. Since the optimal parameters for soil compaction can change constantly during the compaction process due to different soil conditions, and since the operator is unable to continuously record these parameters and convert them into a corresponding setting of the vibration exciter, the vibration parameters are generally not addressed to the special ones Adjusted properties of the subsurface. In particular, the problem may arise that the soil compaction device begins to jump when the soil to be compacted does not have sufficient deformability.
  • a cracking of the soil compaction device leads to a rapid increase in machine wear, the environmental pollution caused by noise and the operator's strain.
  • the soil can be loosened again by jumping the soil compaction device.
  • a method for measuring mechanical data of a soil for a soil compaction device is known from W098 / 17865.
  • a vibratory roller is described there, the roller drum of which, together with the soil to be compacted, is regarded as a compacting vibration system, the vibration behavior of which is recorded by a computing unit.
  • the computing unit adjusts the vibration exciter in the vibration roller in such a way that a predetermined soil stiffness, that is to say the desired compaction result, can be achieved.
  • the vibration behavior is recorded using a number of measuring elements which are attached to the roller drum serving as a ground contact element.
  • the invention is based on the object of specifying a soil compaction device with a controllable vibration exciter, in which the vibration behavior of the soil contact element can be detected in a simpler manner.
  • a detection mass is provided, which is connected to the soil contact element by an elastic coupling.
  • the detection mass is movable against the elastic coupling with the ground contact element with at least one degree of freedom, the movement of the detection mass being measured by a measuring device.
  • a measurement signal emitted by the measuring device is evaluated in a control device and compared with a target value. If a deviation is found, the control device controls the vibration exciter which acts on the ground contact element accordingly.
  • the detection mass and the ground contact element essentially form a mechanical filter with which the prevailing on the ground contact element stochastic movements, ie vibrations, are filtered in such a way that z. B. filter out higher-frequency vibrations, ie vibrations with a frequency higher than the frequency specified by the vibration exciter, so that the detection mass is subject to a simplified movement and vibration pattern compared to the ground contact element.
  • the filtering can be carried out in such a way that the vibrations generated by the reaction of an excessive impact energy at the detection mass, that is, for. B. occur due to jumps of the ground contact element, but not the stochastic vibrations of the lower mass with the ground contact element.
  • this vibration of the detection mass can be detected considerably more easily than in the prior art, so that a clear measuring signal is available for the control device.
  • the measuring device is suitable for refining the measuring method in order to detect movements of the detection mass in several spatial directions and / or directions of rotation.
  • the detection mass is formed by the upper mass.
  • the upper mass is elastically coupled to the lower mass, so that no additional detection mass element has to be provided.
  • the measuring device detects the movement of the upper mass and delivers a corresponding measurement signal. Due to the relatively high inertia of the upper mass, the filter effect is used particularly advantageously. The structure can be easily implemented since only one measuring device has to be attached to the upper mass.
  • the movement measured by the measuring device is preferably an acceleration of the detection mass, since acceleration values can be measured particularly easily.
  • the single figure shows a vibration plate according to the invention, which serves as a soil compaction device.
  • the vibration plate has an upper mass 1, which essentially comprises a drive (not shown) for a vibration exciter 2, a fuel tank, a cover and various control units and a drawbar 3 for guiding the vibration plate.
  • a bottom contact plate 5 is elastically coupled to the upper mass 1.
  • the ground contact plate 5 is an essential component of a sub-mass, which, however, also includes the vibration exciter 2.
  • An acceleration sensor 6 is attached to the upper mass 1, which detects the acceleration of the upper mass 1 in the direction of at least one degree of freedom, but depending on the embodiment also in the direction of several degrees of freedom, and outputs a corresponding measurement signal 7 to a control device 8. At least one movement of the upper mass 1 in the vertical direction should be detected. Instead of measuring the acceleration by the acceleration sensor 6, it may also be expedient in other embodiments to use a different form of movement, e.g. B. to detect the speed of the upper mass 1. A corresponding sensor and associated algorithms would then have to be provided in the control device 8 if necessary.
  • the measurement signal 7 is evaluated in the control device 8.
  • the upper mass 1 Due to the vibration decoupling between the upper mass 1 and the ground contact plate 5 by the elastic elements 4, the upper mass 1 remains relatively quiet in normal operation of the vibrating plate, even if the ground contact plate 5 constantly performs random, sometimes wobbling movements.
  • the inertia of the upper mass 1 due to its relatively large mass supports this behavior.
  • the measurement signal 7 is processed with the aid of a computing method. rens electronically evaluated as actual value.
  • the determination of an effective value which is determined in the form of a root mean square value (RMS value), has proven to be particularly suitable for the actual value.
  • RMS value root mean square value
  • other known signal evaluation methods are also conceivable, which preferably deliver a characteristic actual or effective value as a result.
  • the effective value is compared by the control device 8 with a target value.
  • the setpoint can be influenced by the operator. However, it is also possible to set the setpoint in the factory and to program it permanently into the control device 8.
  • the control device 8 controls the vibration exciter 2 via a control signal 9.
  • the aim of the control is to change the vibration energy, which can be achieved by various measures known per se.
  • the vibration energy is changed by adapting the frequency or amplitude of the vibration exciter 2.
  • the change in frequency can take place under the premise of a constant centrifugal force, in which the speed of the exciter is regulated depending on the set amplitude so that the product of the amplitude (mr value) and the square of the frequency, i.e. the resulting centrifugal force, is always corresponds to a predetermined, constant value.
  • the speed change of the exciter in a mechanical drive is e.g. B. possible via a V-belt drive with adjustable pulley diameters.
  • a corresponding adjustable axial piston pump must be provided on the drive motor.
  • Nes electric drive has a corresponding speed adjustment z. B. to be done via a frequency converter.
  • the setpoint value stored in the control direction is a threshold value, when the effective value is exceeded, the control device 8 directly controls a reduction in the vibration energy by the vibration exciter 2. This allows z. B. prevent jumping of the ground contact plate 5 already in the approach.
  • control device 8 controls the vibration exciter 2 as a function of the effective value exceeding or falling below the setpoint value in order to always keep the soil compaction process in an optimal range.
  • the detection mass provided according to the invention was formed by the upper mass 1.
  • an additional detection mass element to the lower mass, i. H. to couple elastically with the ground contact plate 5.
  • the detection mass element should be made relatively small and should be able to be accommodated in a small housing on the ground contact plate 5.
  • the invention can be applied equally to vibration plates according to the embodiment shown, as well as to a vibration roller in which the ground contact element is a roller drum.
  • the arrangement of the detection mass and the ground contact element 5 allows mechanical filtering, which replaces a complex electronic filtering that can only be achieved by additional components. If the detection mass is formed by the upper mass, practically no additional component is required at all. Rather, a simpler sensor can be selected as the acceleration sensor compared to the prior art, since the vibrations to be detected likewise take a simpler time course.
  • the evaluation and control algorithms in the control device 8 are also simpler and less time-critical.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Architecture (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Road Paving Machines (AREA)
  • Investigation Of Foundation Soil And Reinforcement Of Foundation Soil By Compacting Or Drainage (AREA)
  • Apparatuses For Generation Of Mechanical Vibrations (AREA)

Abstract

A device for compacting the soil, comprising a soil contact element (5) which is impinged upon by an oscillation exciter enabling the soil to be compacted. The soil contact element (5) is elastically (4) coupled to an upper mass (1) . The upper mass (1) is used as a detection mass, whereby the acceleration thereof is detected by an acceleration sensor (6). A measuring signal (7) emitted by the acceleration sensor (6) is evaluated in a control device (8) which controls the oscillation exciter (2) according to a deviation from a set value.

Description

Bodenverdichtungsvorrichtung mit Schwingungsdetektion Soil compacting device with vibration detection
Beschreibungdescription
Die Erfindung betrifft eine Bodenverdichtungsvorrichtung mit einem durch einen Schwingungserreger beaufschlagten Bodenkontaktelement zur Bodenverdichtung.The invention relates to a soil compaction device with a soil contact element acted upon by a vibration exciter for soil compaction.
Eine derartige Bodenverdichtungsvorrichtung, z. B. eine Vibrationsplatte oder -walze, besteht üblicherweise aus zwei relativ zueinander elastisch gekoppelten Massen, nämlich einer Unter- und einer Obermasse. Die Untermasse umfaßt im wesentlichen ein Bodenkontaktelement, das durch einen Schwingungserreger beaufschlagt wird. Die Obermasse trägt üblicherweise einen Antrieb für den Schwingungserreger und ist über Federelemente mit der Untermasse verbunden. Als Schwingungserreger haben sich in der Vergangenheit Unwuchterreger bewährt, bei denen eine oder zwei, Unwuchtmassen tragende Wellen in Drehung versetzt werden. Die dadurch entstehende, bei Bedarf auch in verschiedene Richtungen einstellbare Schwingung wird in das Bodenkontaktelement eingeleitet und zur Verdichtung von Böden verwendet. Der geschilderte Aufbau ist insbesondere in Verbindung mit Vibrationsplatten oder -walzen allgemein bekannt, so daß eine weitere Be- Schreibung nicht erforderlich ist.Such a soil compaction device, e.g. B. a vibration plate or roller, usually consists of two relatively elastically coupled masses, namely a lower and an upper mass. The lower mass essentially comprises a ground contact element which is acted upon by a vibration exciter. The upper mass usually carries a drive for the vibration exciter and is connected to the lower mass via spring elements. In the past, unbalance exciters have proven to be vibration exciters, in which one or two shafts carrying unbalanced masses are rotated. The resulting vibration, which can also be adjusted in different directions if necessary, is introduced into the soil contact element and used to compact soil. The structure described is generally known in particular in connection with vibration plates or rollers, so that a further description is not necessary.
Üblicherweise erzeugen die Schwingungserreger bei derartigen Bodenverdichtungsvorrichtungen eine Schwingung mit konstanter Frequenz und Amplitude. Darüber hinaus sind z. B. Vibrationsplatten bekannt, bei denen zwar eine gestufte oder stu- fenlose Einstellung von Frequenz und/oder Amplitude möglich ist, die Einstellung aber allein dem Bediener obliegt. Da sich die optimalen Parameter zur Bodenverdichtung während des Verdichtungsvorgangs aufgrund unterschiedlicher Bodenbeschaffenheiten ständig ändern können, und da der Bediener nicht in der Lage ist, diese Parameter ständig zu erfassen und in eine entsprechende Einstellung des Schwingungserregers umzusetzen, werden die Schwingungsparameter im allgemeinen nicht an die besonderen Eigenschaften des Untergrundes angepaßt. Dabei kann insbesondere das Problem auftreten, daß die Bodenverdichtungsvorrichtung anfängt zu springen, wenn der zu verdichtende Boden keine ausreichende Verformbarkeit aufweist. Ein Springen der Bodenverdichtungsvorrichtung führt zu einer ra- piden Erhöhung des Maschinenverschleißes, der Umweltbelastung durch Lärm sowie der Belastung des Bedieners. Außerdem kann durch ein Springen der Bodenverdichtungsvorrichtung der Boden wieder aufgelockert werden. Aus der W098/ 17865 ist ein Verfahren zur Messung mechanischer Daten eines Bodens für eine Bodenverdichtungsvorrichtung bekannt. Es wird dort eine Vibrationswalze beschrieben, deren Walzenbandage zusammen mit dem zu verdichtenden Boden als ein Verdichtungsschwingungssystem betrachtet wird, dessen Schwin- gungsverhalten von einer Recheneinheit erfaßt wird. Die Recheneinheit stellt den Schwingungserreger in der Vibrationswalze derart ein, daß eine vorgegebene Bo- densteifigkeit, also das angestrebte Verdichtungsergebnis erreicht werden kann. Die Erfassung des Schwingungsverhaltens erfolgt über mehrere Messelemente, die an der als Bodenkontaktelement dienenden Walzenbandage angebracht sind.In such soil compaction devices, the vibration exciters usually generate a vibration with constant frequency and amplitude. In addition, for. B. vibratory plates are known, in which a stepped or stepless adjustment of frequency and / or amplitude is possible, but the adjustment is the sole responsibility of the operator. Since the optimal parameters for soil compaction can change constantly during the compaction process due to different soil conditions, and since the operator is unable to continuously record these parameters and convert them into a corresponding setting of the vibration exciter, the vibration parameters are generally not addressed to the special ones Adjusted properties of the subsurface. In particular, the problem may arise that the soil compaction device begins to jump when the soil to be compacted does not have sufficient deformability. A cracking of the soil compaction device leads to a rapid increase in machine wear, the environmental pollution caused by noise and the operator's strain. In addition, the soil can be loosened again by jumping the soil compaction device. A method for measuring mechanical data of a soil for a soil compaction device is known from W098 / 17865. A vibratory roller is described there, the roller drum of which, together with the soil to be compacted, is regarded as a compacting vibration system, the vibration behavior of which is recorded by a computing unit. The computing unit adjusts the vibration exciter in the vibration roller in such a way that a predetermined soil stiffness, that is to say the desired compaction result, can be achieved. The vibration behavior is recorded using a number of measuring elements which are attached to the roller drum serving as a ground contact element.
Es hat sich bei verschiedenen Bodenverdichtungsvorrichtungen herausgestellt, daß sich aufgrund zahlreicher äußerer Einflüsse, wie der Beaufschlagung durch den Schwingungserreger, aber auch durch sich ständig ändernde Bodengegebenheiten, Steine, Unebenheiten etc. eine zufallsabhängige, mitunter taumelnde Bewegung des Bodenkontaktelements einstellt, die nur mit hohem Messaufwand erfaßt werden kann.It has been found in various soil compaction devices that due to numerous external influences, such as exposure to the vibration exciter, but also due to constantly changing soil conditions, stones, bumps, etc., a random, sometimes wobbling movement of the soil contact element occurs, which only takes a lot of effort can be detected.
Der Erfindung liegt die Aufgabe zugrunde, eine Bodenverdichtungsvorrichtung mit regelbarem Schwingungserreger anzugeben, bei der das Schwingungsverhalten des Bodenkontaktelements in einfacherer Weise detektiert werden kann.The invention is based on the object of specifying a soil compaction device with a controllable vibration exciter, in which the vibration behavior of the soil contact element can be detected in a simpler manner.
Die Lösung der Aufgabe wird erfindungsgemäß durch eine Bodenverdichtungsvorrichtung mit den Merkmalen von Patentanspruch 1 angegeben. Vorteilhafte Weiterentwicklungen der Erfindung sind den abhängigen Ansprüchen zu entnehmen.The object is achieved according to the invention by a soil compaction device with the features of claim 1. Advantageous further developments of the invention can be found in the dependent claims.
Bei der erfindungsgemäßen Bodenverdichtungsvorrichtung ist eine Detektionsmasse vorgesehen, die mit dem Bodenkontaktelement durch eine elastische Kopplung verbunden ist. Die Detektionsmasse ist gegen die elastische Kopplung mit dem Bodenkontaktelement mit wenigstens einem Freiheitsgrad beweglich, wobei die Bewe- gung der Detektionsmasse durch eine Messeinrichtung gemessen wird. Ein von der Messeinrichtung abgegebenes Messsignal wird in einer Regelungseinrichtung ausgewertet und mit einem Sollwert verglichen. Bei Feststellen einer Abweichung steuert die Regelungseinrichtung den das Bodenkontaktelement beaufschlagenden Schwingungserreger entsprechend an.In the soil compaction device according to the invention, a detection mass is provided, which is connected to the soil contact element by an elastic coupling. The detection mass is movable against the elastic coupling with the ground contact element with at least one degree of freedom, the movement of the detection mass being measured by a measuring device. A measurement signal emitted by the measuring device is evaluated in a control device and compared with a target value. If a deviation is found, the control device controls the vibration exciter which acts on the ground contact element accordingly.
Die Detektionsmasse und das Bodenkontaktelement bilden ein mechanisches Filter, mit dem an dem Bodenkontaktelement vorherrschende, im wesentlichen stochastische Bewegungen, d. h. Schwingungen, derart gefiltert werden, das sich z. B. höherfrequente Schwingungen, also Schwingungen mit einer Frequenz höher als der vom Schwingungserreger vorgegebenen Frequenz, herausfiltern lassen, so daß die Detektionsmasse einem gegenüber dem Bodenkontaktelement vereinfachten Be- wegungs- und Schwingungsschema unterliegt. Im Speziellen kann die Filterung derart durchgeführt werden, daß an der Detektionsmasse zwar die durch die Rückwirkung einer überhöhten Schlagenergie erzeugten Schwingungen, also z. B. durch Sprünge des Bodenkontaktelements entstehende Schwingungen auftreten, nicht aber die stochastischen Schwingungen der Untermasse mit dem Bodenkontaktele- ment.The detection mass and the ground contact element essentially form a mechanical filter with which the prevailing on the ground contact element stochastic movements, ie vibrations, are filtered in such a way that z. B. filter out higher-frequency vibrations, ie vibrations with a frequency higher than the frequency specified by the vibration exciter, so that the detection mass is subject to a simplified movement and vibration pattern compared to the ground contact element. In particular, the filtering can be carried out in such a way that the vibrations generated by the reaction of an excessive impact energy at the detection mass, that is, for. B. occur due to jumps of the ground contact element, but not the stochastic vibrations of the lower mass with the ground contact element.
Mit Hilfe der Messeinrichtung kann diese Schwingung der Detektionsmasse im Vergleich zum Stand der Technik erheblich einfacher detektiert werden, so daß ein eindeutiges Messsignal für die Regelungseinrichtung zur Verfügung steht.With the aid of the measuring device, this vibration of the detection mass can be detected considerably more easily than in the prior art, so that a clear measuring signal is available for the control device.
Zur Verfeinerung des Messverfahrens ist die Messeinrichtung bei einer vorteilhaften Weiterentwicklung der Erfindung geeignet, Bewegungen der Detektionsmasse in mehreren Raumrichtungen und/oder Drehrichtungen zu erfassen.In an advantageous further development of the invention, the measuring device is suitable for refining the measuring method in order to detect movements of the detection mass in several spatial directions and / or directions of rotation.
Bei einer besonders vorteilhaften Ausführungsform der Erfindung wird die Detektionsmasse durch die Obermasse gebildet. Die Obermasse ist mit der Untermasse elastisch gekoppelt, so daß kein zusätzliches Detektionsmassenelement vorgesehen werden muß. Die Messeinrichtung erfaßt dazu die Bewegung der Obermasse und liefert ein entsprechendes Messsignal. Aufgrund der relativ hohen Trägheit der Obermasse kommt die Filterwirkung besonders vorteilhaft zur Anwendung. Der Aufbau läßt sich einfach realisieren, da lediglich eine Messeinrichtung an der Obermasse angebracht werden muß.In a particularly advantageous embodiment of the invention, the detection mass is formed by the upper mass. The upper mass is elastically coupled to the lower mass, so that no additional detection mass element has to be provided. For this purpose, the measuring device detects the movement of the upper mass and delivers a corresponding measurement signal. Due to the relatively high inertia of the upper mass, the filter effect is used particularly advantageously. The structure can be easily implemented since only one measuring device has to be attached to the upper mass.
Vorzugsweise handelt es sich bei der von der Messeinrichtung gemessenen Bewe- gung um eine Beschleunigung der Detektionsmasse, da sich Beschleunigungswerte besonders einfach messen lassen.The movement measured by the measuring device is preferably an acceleration of the detection mass, since acceleration values can be measured particularly easily.
Diese und weitere Vorteile und Merkmale der Erfindung werden nachfolgend unter Zuhilfenahme der begleitenden Figur anhand eines bevorzugten Ausführungsbei- spiels näher erläutert.These and further advantages and features of the invention are explained in more detail below with the aid of the accompanying figure using a preferred exemplary embodiment.
Die einzige Figur zeigt eine erfindungsgemäße, als Bodenverdichtungsvorrichtung dienende Vibrationsplatte. Die Vibrationsplatte weist eine Obermasse 1 auf, die im wesentlichen einen nicht dargestellten Antrieb für einen Schwingungserreger 2, einen Kraftstofftank, eine Abdeckung und verschiedene Steueraggregate sowie eine Deichsel 3 zur Führung der Vibrationsplatte umfaßt.The single figure shows a vibration plate according to the invention, which serves as a soil compaction device. The vibration plate has an upper mass 1, which essentially comprises a drive (not shown) for a vibration exciter 2, a fuel tank, a cover and various control units and a drawbar 3 for guiding the vibration plate.
Über elastische Elemente 4, z. B. Gummifedern, ist eine Bodenkontaktplatte 5 mit der Obermasse 1 elastisch gekoppelt. Die Bodenkontaktplatte 5 ist wesentlicher Bestandteil einer Untermasse, der jedoch auch der Schwingungserreger 2 zuzurech- nen ist.About elastic elements 4, z. B. rubber springs, a bottom contact plate 5 is elastically coupled to the upper mass 1. The ground contact plate 5 is an essential component of a sub-mass, which, however, also includes the vibration exciter 2.
An der Obermasse 1 ist ein Beschleunigungssensor 6 angebracht, der die Beschleunigung der Obermasse 1 in Richtung von wenigstens einem Freiheitsgrad, je nach Ausführungsform aber auch in Richtung mehrerer Freiheitsgrade erfaßt und ein entsprechendes Messsignal 7 an eine Regelungseinrichtung 8 abgibt. Dabei sollte wenigstens eine Bewegung der Obermasse 1 in Vertikalrichtung erfaßt werden. Statt der Messung der Beschleunigung durch den Beschleunigungssensor 6 kann es bei anderen Ausführungsformen auch zweckmäßig sein, eine andere Form der Bewegung, z. B. die Geschwindigkeit der Obermasse 1 zu erfassen. Dafür müssten dann gegebenenfalls ein entsprechender Sensor und zugehörige Algorithmen in der Regelungseinrichtung 8 bereitgestellt werden.An acceleration sensor 6 is attached to the upper mass 1, which detects the acceleration of the upper mass 1 in the direction of at least one degree of freedom, but depending on the embodiment also in the direction of several degrees of freedom, and outputs a corresponding measurement signal 7 to a control device 8. At least one movement of the upper mass 1 in the vertical direction should be detected. Instead of measuring the acceleration by the acceleration sensor 6, it may also be expedient in other embodiments to use a different form of movement, e.g. B. to detect the speed of the upper mass 1. A corresponding sensor and associated algorithms would then have to be provided in the control device 8 if necessary.
Das Messsignal 7 wird in der Regelungseinrichtung 8 ausgewertet.The measurement signal 7 is evaluated in the control device 8.
Aufgrund der schwingungsmäßigen Entkopplung zwischen Obermasse 1 und Bodenkontaktplatte 5 durch die elastischen Elemente 4 bleibt die Obermasse 1 im Normalbetrieb der Vibrationsplatte relativ ruhig, auch wenn die Bodenkontaktplatte 5 ständig zufallsabhängige, mitunter taumelnde Bewegungen vollführt. Die Trägheit der Obermasse 1 aufgrund ihrer relativ großen Masse unterstützt dieses Verhalten.Due to the vibration decoupling between the upper mass 1 and the ground contact plate 5 by the elastic elements 4, the upper mass 1 remains relatively quiet in normal operation of the vibrating plate, even if the ground contact plate 5 constantly performs random, sometimes wobbling movements. The inertia of the upper mass 1 due to its relatively large mass supports this behavior.
Lediglich in Sonderbetriebszuständen, wie z. B. einem Springen der Bodenkontaktplatte 5 auf einem zu harten Boden oder bei zu großer Schwingungsenergie durch den Schwingungserreger 2 wird die Bewegung der Obermasse 1 verstärkt, so daß an ihr erhöhte Beschleunigungswerte feststellbar sind. Diese Werte wirken sich auf die Messwerte des Beschleunigungssensors 6 entsprechend aus.Only in special operating conditions, such as. B. a jumping of the ground contact plate 5 on too hard a floor or with excessive vibration energy by the vibration exciter 2, the movement of the upper mass 1 is increased, so that increased acceleration values can be determined on it. These values have a corresponding effect on the measured values of the acceleration sensor 6.
In der Regelungseinrichtung 8 wird das Messsignal 7 mit Hilfe eines Rechenverfah- rens elektronisch als Istwert ausgewertet. Als besonders geeignet hat sich dabei für den Istwert die Bestimmung eines Effektivwerts erwiesen, der in Form eines Root- Mean-Square- Werts (RMS-Wert) bestimmt wird. Selbstverständlich sind auch andere bekannte Signalauswertungsverfahren denkbar, die vorzugsweise einen charak- teristischen Ist- oder Effektivwert als Ergebnis liefern.In the control device 8, the measurement signal 7 is processed with the aid of a computing method. rens electronically evaluated as actual value. The determination of an effective value, which is determined in the form of a root mean square value (RMS value), has proven to be particularly suitable for the actual value. Of course, other known signal evaluation methods are also conceivable, which preferably deliver a characteristic actual or effective value as a result.
Der Effektivwert wird von der Regelungseinrichtung 8 mit einem Sollwert verglichen. Der Sollwert kann einerseits vom Bediener beeinflußt werden. Es ist aber auch möglich, den Sollwert werksseitig festzulegen und in die Regelungseinrichtung 8 fest einzuprogrammieren.The effective value is compared by the control device 8 with a target value. The setpoint can be influenced by the operator. However, it is also possible to set the setpoint in the factory and to program it permanently into the control device 8.
Entsprechend einem Vergleich des Effektivwerts mit dem Sollwert und einer dabei festgestellten Abweichung steuert die Regelungseinrichtung 8 über ein Steuersignal 9 den Schwingungserreger 2 an. Ziel der Ansteuerung ist eine Veränderung der Schwingungsenergie, was durch verschiedene, an sich bekannte Maßnahmen erreicht werden kann.In accordance with a comparison of the effective value with the target value and a deviation determined in the process, the control device 8 controls the vibration exciter 2 via a control signal 9. The aim of the control is to change the vibration energy, which can be achieved by various measures known per se.
Im wesentlichen erfolgt die Veränderung der Schwingungsenergie durch Anpassung von Frequenz oder Amplitude des Schwingungserregers 2.Essentially, the vibration energy is changed by adapting the frequency or amplitude of the vibration exciter 2.
Eine Erhöhung oder Verminderung der Amplitude, d. h. des sogenannten mr -Wertes (Masse x Radius der Unwucht), läßt sich z. B. durch eine Verstellung der Unwuchtmasse auf der sie tragenden Welle erreichen, wobei dafür zahlreiche Vorrichtungen bekannt sind. Beispielhaft sei der Fall genannt, daß auf einer Welle zwei ge- geneinander verdrehbare Unwuchten angeordnet sind, deren Unwuchtmoment sich je nach Relativstellung verändert. Ein anderer Fall ist ein sogenannter einseitiger Fliehkraftregler, bei dem die Unwucht durch Verlagerung der Unwuchtmasse bei Änderung der Wellendrehzahl verstellbar ist.An increase or decrease in amplitude, i.e. H. the so-called mr value (mass x radius of the unbalance), z. B. by adjusting the unbalanced mass on the shaft carrying it, numerous devices are known for this. An example is the case that two unbalances that can be rotated relative to one another are arranged on a shaft, the unbalance moment of which changes depending on the relative position. Another case is a so-called one-sided centrifugal governor, in which the unbalance can be adjusted by shifting the unbalance mass when the shaft speed changes.
Die Veränderung der Frequenz kann unter der Prämisse einer konstanten Fliehkraft erfolgen, bei der die Drehzahl des Erregers abhängig von der eingestellten Amplitude so geregelt wird, daß das Produkt aus der Amplitude (mr-Wert) und dem Quadrat der Frequenz, also die resultierende Fliehkraft stets einem vorgegebenen, konstanten Wert entspricht. Die Drehzahländerung des Erregers ist bei einem me- chanischem Antrieb z. B. über einen Keilriemenantrieb mit verstellbaren Riemenscheibendurchmessern möglich. Bei einem hydraulischen Antrieb ist eine entsprechende verstellbare Axialkolbenpumpe am Antriebsmotor vorzusehen. Im Falle ei- nes elektrischen Antriebs hat eine entsprechende Drehzahlanpassung z. B. über einen Frequenzumformer zu erfolgen.The change in frequency can take place under the premise of a constant centrifugal force, in which the speed of the exciter is regulated depending on the set amplitude so that the product of the amplitude (mr value) and the square of the frequency, i.e. the resulting centrifugal force, is always corresponds to a predetermined, constant value. The speed change of the exciter in a mechanical drive is e.g. B. possible via a V-belt drive with adjustable pulley diameters. In the case of a hydraulic drive, a corresponding adjustable axial piston pump must be provided on the drive motor. In the case of Nes electric drive has a corresponding speed adjustment z. B. to be done via a frequency converter.
Bei einer besonders einfachen Ausführungsform der Erfindung ist der in der Rege- lungselnrichtung abgespeicherte Sollwert ein Schwellwert, bei dessen Überschreitung durch den Effektivwert die Regelungseinrichtung 8 direkt eine Verminderung der Schwingungsenergie durch den Schwingungserreger 2 steuert. Dadurch läßt sich z. B. ein Springen der Bodenkontaktplatte 5 bereits im Ansatz verhindern.In a particularly simple embodiment of the invention, the setpoint value stored in the control direction is a threshold value, when the effective value is exceeded, the control device 8 directly controls a reduction in the vibration energy by the vibration exciter 2. This allows z. B. prevent jumping of the ground contact plate 5 already in the approach.
Bei einer anderen Ausführungsform der Erfindung steuert die Regelungseinrichtung 8 den Schwingungserreger 2 in Abhängigkeit von einem Über- oder Unterschreiten des Sollwerts durch den Effektivwert an, um den Bodenverdichtungsvorgang stets in einem optimalen Bereich zu halten.In another embodiment of the invention, the control device 8 controls the vibration exciter 2 as a function of the effective value exceeding or falling below the setpoint value in order to always keep the soil compaction process in an optimal range.
Bei den bisher beschriebenen Ausführungsformen wurde die erfindungsgemäß vorgesehene Detektionsmasse durch die Obermasse 1 gebildet. Alternativ dazu ist es aber auch möglich, ein zusätzliches Detektionsmassenelement mit der Untermasse, d. h. mit der Bodenkontaktplatte 5 elastisch zu koppeln. Das Detektionsmassenelement sollte dazu relativ klein ausgeführt werden und in einem kleinen Gehäuse auf der Bodenkontaktplatte 5 untergebracht werden können.In the embodiments described so far, the detection mass provided according to the invention was formed by the upper mass 1. Alternatively, however, it is also possible to add an additional detection mass element to the lower mass, i. H. to couple elastically with the ground contact plate 5. For this purpose, the detection mass element should be made relatively small and should be able to be accommodated in a small housing on the ground contact plate 5.
Die Erfindung kann gleichermaßen bei Vibrationsplatten entsprechend der gezeigten Ausführungsform, wie auch bei einer Vibrationswalze angewendet werden, bei der das Bodenkontaktelement eine Walzenbandage ist.The invention can be applied equally to vibration plates according to the embodiment shown, as well as to a vibration roller in which the ground contact element is a roller drum.
Die Anordnung von Detektionsmasse und Bodenkontaktelement 5 erlaubt eine mechanische Filterung, die eine aufwendige, nur durch zusätzliche Bauelemente realisierbare elektronische Filterung ersetzt. Wenn die Detektionsmasse durch die Obermasse gebildet wird, wird praktisch überhaupt kein zusätzliches Bauteil benötigt. Vielmehr kann als Beschleunigungssensor ein - im Vergleich zum Stand der Technik - einfacherer Sensor gewählt werden, da die zu erfassenden Schwingungen ebenfalls einen einfacheren Zeitverlauf nehmen. Auch die Auswerte- und Regelalgorithmen in der Regelungseinrichtung 8 sind einfacher und weniger zeitkritisch zu gestalten.The arrangement of the detection mass and the ground contact element 5 allows mechanical filtering, which replaces a complex electronic filtering that can only be achieved by additional components. If the detection mass is formed by the upper mass, practically no additional component is required at all. Rather, a simpler sensor can be selected as the acceleration sensor compared to the prior art, since the vibrations to be detected likewise take a simpler time course. The evaluation and control algorithms in the control device 8 are also simpler and less time-critical.
Die wirksame Vermeidung von unzulässigen Schwingungen, d. h. Beschleunigungen der Obermasse verhindert nicht nur eine Schädigung des Geräts und insbeson- dere des Antriebs aufgrund zu hoher Belastung. Gleichzeitig werden auch den Bediener belastende Hand- bzw. Armschwingungen reduziert und im Rahmen vorgegebener Grenzen gehalten. Ein entspannteres und effektiveres Arbeiten ist die Folge. The effective avoidance of impermissible vibrations, ie acceleration of the upper mass not only prevents damage to the device and in particular of the drive due to excessive load. At the same time, hand and arm vibrations that are stressful for the operator are reduced and kept within the specified limits. The result is a more relaxed and effective work.

Claims

P a t e n t a n s p r ü c h e Patent claims
1. Bodenverdichtungsvorrichtung, mit einer ein Bodenkontaktelement (5) zur Bodenverdichtung aufweisenden Un- termasse; einem das Bodenkontaktelement (5) beaufschlagenden Schwingungserreger (2); und mit einer mit der Untermasse elastisch verbundenen, einen Antrieb für den Schwingungserreger (2) aufweisenden Obermasse (1); wobei eine Detektionsmasse (1) mit dem Bodenkontaktelement (5) durch eine elastische Kopplung (4) verbunden ist; die Detektionsmasse (1) gegen die elastische Kopplung (4) mit dem Bodenkontaktelement (5) mit wenigstens einem Freiheitsgrad beweglich ist; - eine Messeinrichtung (6) zum Messen der Bewegung der Detektionsmasse (1) in Richtung von wenigstens dem einen Freiheitsgrad vorgesehen ist und ein Messsignal (7) abgibt; eine Regelungseinrichtung (8) vorgesehen ist, zum Auswerten des Messsignals (7) zu einem Istwert, Vergleichen des Istwerts mit einem Sollwert und An- steuern des Schwingungserregers (2) entsprechend einer Abweichung des Istwerts vom Sollwert.1. Soil compaction device, with an undersize having a soil contact element (5) for soil compaction; a vibration exciter (2) acting on the ground contact element (5); and with an upper mass (1) which is elastically connected to the lower mass and has a drive for the vibration exciter (2); wherein a detection mass (1) is connected to the ground contact element (5) by an elastic coupling (4); the detection mass (1) is movable against the elastic coupling (4) with the ground contact element (5) with at least one degree of freedom; - A measuring device (6) for measuring the movement of the detection mass (1) in the direction of at least one degree of freedom is provided and emits a measurement signal (7); A control device (8) is provided for evaluating the measurement signal (7) to an actual value, comparing the actual value with a target value and controlling the vibration exciter (2) in accordance with a deviation of the actual value from the target value.
2. Bodenverdichtungsvorrichtung nach Anspruch 1 , dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Sollwert ein Schwellwert ist, bei dessen Überschreiten durch den Istwert die Regelungseinrichtung (8) eine Verminderung der Schwingungs-energie durch den Schwingungserreger (2) steuert.2. Soil compacting device according to claim 1, characterized in that the target value is a threshold value, when exceeded by the actual value, the control device (8) controls a reduction in the vibration energy by the vibration exciter (2).
3. Bodenverdichtungsvorrichtung nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass bei Über- oder Untersschreiten eines um den Sollwert definierten Bereichs durch den Istwert die Regelungseinrichtung (8) eine Änderung der Schwingungsenergie durch den Schwingungserreger (2) steuert.3. Soil compacting device according to claim 1, characterized in that when the actual value exceeds or falls below a range defined by the desired value, the control device (8) controls a change in the vibration energy by the vibration exciter (2).
4. Bodenverdichtungsvorrichtung nach Anspruch 2 oder 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die vom Schwingungserreger (2) erzeugte Schwingung durch die Re- gelungseinrichtung (8) hinsichtlich ihrer Frequenz und/oder ihrer Amplitude veränderbar ist. 4. Soil compaction device according to claim 2 or 3, characterized in that the vibration generated by the vibration exciter (2) can be changed by the control device (8) with regard to its frequency and / or its amplitude.
5. Bodenverdichtungsvorrichtung nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Messeinrichtung (6) geeignet ist, Bewegungen in mehreren Raumrichtungen und /oder Drehrichtungen zu erfassen.5. Soil compacting device according to one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the measuring device (6) is suitable for detecting movements in several spatial directions and / or directions of rotation.
6. Bodenverdichtungsvorrichtung nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Detektionsmasse durch die Obermasse (1) gebildet ist.6. Soil compacting device according to one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the detection mass is formed by the upper mass (1).
7. Bodenverdichtungsvorrichtung nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 6, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die von der Messeinrichtung (6) gemessene Bewegung der Detektionsmasse (1) eine Beschleunigung ist.7. Soil compaction device according to one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the movement of the detection mass (1) measured by the measuring device (6) is an acceleration.
8. Bodenverdichtungsvorrichtung nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 7, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Bodenverdichtungsvorrichtung eine Vibrationsplatte und das Bodenkontaktelement eine Bodenkontaktplatte (5) ist.8. Soil compaction device according to one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that the soil compaction device is a vibrating plate and the ground contact element is a ground contact plate (5).
9. Bodenverdichtungsvorrichtung nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 7, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Bodenverdichtungsvorrichtung eine Vibrationswalze und das Bodenkontaktelement eine Walzenbandage ist. 9. Soil compacting device according to one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that the soil compacting device is a vibratory roller and the soil contact element is a roller drum.
EP01945001A 2000-04-20 2001-04-12 Oscillation detecting device for compacting soil Withdrawn EP1285135A1 (en)

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DE10019806 2000-04-20
DE10019806A DE10019806B4 (en) 2000-04-20 2000-04-20 Soil compacting device with vibration detection
PCT/EP2001/004243 WO2001081680A1 (en) 2000-04-20 2001-04-12 Oscillation detecting device for compacting soil

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US6808336B2 (en) 2004-10-26
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DE10019806B4 (en) 2005-10-20
WO2001081680A1 (en) 2001-11-01

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