EP2077680A1 - Système de haut-parleur avec enceinte à double chambre - Google Patents

Système de haut-parleur avec enceinte à double chambre Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2077680A1
EP2077680A1 EP07024287A EP07024287A EP2077680A1 EP 2077680 A1 EP2077680 A1 EP 2077680A1 EP 07024287 A EP07024287 A EP 07024287A EP 07024287 A EP07024287 A EP 07024287A EP 2077680 A1 EP2077680 A1 EP 2077680A1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
diaphragm
port
enclosure
loudspeaker system
air
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP07024287A
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German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP2077680B1 (fr
Inventor
Kelvin Francis Griffiths
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Harman International Industries Ltd
Original Assignee
Harman Becker Automotive Systems GmbH
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Publication date
Application filed by Harman Becker Automotive Systems GmbH filed Critical Harman Becker Automotive Systems GmbH
Priority to EP20070024287 priority Critical patent/EP2077680B1/fr
Publication of EP2077680A1 publication Critical patent/EP2077680A1/fr
Application granted granted Critical
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04R—LOUDSPEAKERS, MICROPHONES, GRAMOPHONE PICK-UPS OR LIKE ACOUSTIC ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSDUCERS; DEAF-AID SETS; PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEMS
    • H04R1/00—Details of transducers, loudspeakers or microphones
    • H04R1/20—Arrangements for obtaining desired frequency or directional characteristics
    • H04R1/22—Arrangements for obtaining desired frequency or directional characteristics for obtaining desired frequency characteristic only 
    • H04R1/28—Transducer mountings or enclosures modified by provision of mechanical or acoustic impedances, e.g. resonator, damping means
    • H04R1/2807—Enclosures comprising vibrating or resonating arrangements
    • H04R1/2811—Enclosures comprising vibrating or resonating arrangements for loudspeaker transducers
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04R—LOUDSPEAKERS, MICROPHONES, GRAMOPHONE PICK-UPS OR LIKE ACOUSTIC ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSDUCERS; DEAF-AID SETS; PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEMS
    • H04R2499/00—Aspects covered by H04R or H04S not otherwise provided for in their subgroups
    • H04R2499/10—General applications
    • H04R2499/13—Acoustic transducers and sound field adaptation in vehicles

Definitions

  • This invention relates to loudspeaker systems and, more specifically, to a novel low frequency loudspeaker system for vehicles.
  • the diaphragm When a loudspeaker driver unit is mounted into a small sealed enclosure, the diaphragm is primarily influenced by the stiffness of the air as it is compressed into the finite volume of the sealed enclosure. One effect of this is to raise the coupled resonance of the driver-cabinet system which may undesirably curtail the low frequency (LF) extension. Additionally, in vehicles, mounting the loudspeaker into the body in white often means presenting a complicated impedance condition to the drive unit and may generate turbulent noise, pressure imbalance and acoustic short circuit. Furthermore it is often an unknown quantity, and forces the driver performance outside its carefully predicted bounds. Mounting the driver unit into a small enclosure (e.g., cabinet, box) requires that it should be mechanically very stiff and heavy to minimise the influence of the enclosed air stiffness - this in turn will make the driver unit expensive.
  • a small enclosure e.g., cabinet, box
  • the cavity into which the drive unit is placed typically includes a number of interconnected pathways often resulting in a non-uniform pressure distribution presented to the rear of the diaphragm.
  • This loading has been observed to drive asymmetrical mode-shapes in the driver's more compliant suspension components, in particular, resulting in so-called "rocking" modes. These modes are not controlled by the dominant motor damping element in the driver unit and are therefore frequently of a magnitude sufficient to cause fouling of the software parts against the motor system metalwork.
  • a loudspeaker system which comprises an enclosure with two separate air volumes which are acoustically linked by a port enclosing a plug of air; and an electro-acoustical transducer that converts electrical power into acoustical power and that includes a diaphragm having a front side and a rear side; the front side of the diaphragm radiates sound into a listening environment and the rear side is directly acoustically coupled to one of the volumes of the enclosure.
  • the air volume which is directly coupled to the diaphragm and the plug of air in the port are tuned to form a resonant system driven by the transducer; and the volume that is not directly coupled to the diaphragm, is coupled to the plug of air in the port.
  • FIGS. 1 and 2 illustrate a novel loudspeaker system comprising a loudspeaker drive unit 1 that includes a sound-producing conical diaphragm 2 having front and rear faces, and a two parts enclosure located on the rear of said loudspeaker drive unit 1 creating an acoustical path from the rear face of said diaphragm 2 into the rear enclosure.
  • the enclosure forms a rear diaphragm control system and includes two air volumes, an air volume 3 enclosed in an enclosure piece 4 and an air volume 5 enclosed in an enclosure piece 6, which are acoustically coupled to each other through a port 7 in a partition wall of enclosure piece 6.
  • Enclosure piece 6 including port 7 will be also referred to as Adapter for Passive Diaphragm Control (APDC) in the following description.
  • Volume 5 is directly coupled to the diaphragm 2.
  • Volume 3 is coupled to a plug of air in the intervening port 7 and, accordingly, not directly coupled to the diaphragm 2.
  • the drive unit 1 is mounted in the enclosure piece 6 that serves as a ported coupling device and interfaces the drive unit 1 with the environment into which it is placed, e.g., in the present case enclosure piece 4 having a tube-like shape with an end wall.
  • FIGS. 1 and 2 illustrate a system in which the volume 5 is predetermined and volume 3 does not need to be predetermined. Volume 3 may be replaced with any alternative sealed or even leaky volume representing a less deterministic part of the enclosure and may therefore be a more hostile acoustic environment, e.g., a cavity within a vehicle bodywork.
  • the enclosure piece 6 is a tube-like ring with a cone-shaped end piece (partition wall) carrying port 7 and extending into enclosure 4.
  • enclosure piece 6 may have any other shape that encloses the same volume.
  • the distance from the diaphragm 2 to the rear of the enclosure piece 6 is relatively short and the intended operating frequency sufficiently low, such that standing waves in that direction within enclosure piece 6 are not a problem.
  • sound absorbent material (not shown) can be provided within enclosure piece 6, enclosure piece 4 or both to provide an additional damping element should this prove to be necessary as an optimisation step.
  • the port 7 may be, e.g., a simple aperture or a connector tube that may run at virtually any angle to the loudspeaker drive unit's axis.
  • the aperture (or apertures) may be in the form of a circular hole in the partition wall as shown in FIGS. 1 and 2 .
  • the aperture may be a connector tube 14 arranged in the centre of the partition wall extending outwardly from the front and (or) the rear of the partition wall of the enclosure piece 6.
  • the tube 14 has a specific diameter and a specific length defining an acoustic mass in the tube 14 referred to as plug of air.
  • apertures and tubes are applicable such as multiple coupling ports, apertures/tubes placed out of the central regions of the partition wall, or apertures/tubes having a cross-section other than circular. Tubes with dimensions which change with distance from the loudspeaker drive unit are applicable as well.
  • a second diaphragm 15 suspended in the aperture/tube interconnecting the two volumes of the enclosure, e.g., in or at the port, may be used to increase the port mass (plug of air) and reduce turbulence and losses at high power.
  • the drive unit 1 Beside the diaphragm 2, the drive unit 1 includes an apertured chassis 8, a magnet assembly 9, a voice coil 10, a surround 11, a spider 12, and a dust cap 13 in the centre of the diaphragm 4.
  • the loudspeaker drive unit 1 When the loudspeaker drive unit 1 is in operation, sound waves are able to pass rearwardly from the rear of the diaphragm 2 into the sound path established by the two enclosure pieces 4, 6 and the port 7. From the front of the diaphragm 2 sound waves travel through the apertured chassis 3 to the listening environment.
  • the loudspeaker drive unit 1 is of the modern reduced physical depth type, also known as inverse motor loudspeaker, where the magnet assembly 9 is arranged at the front side of the diaphragm 2, i.e., in the sound path leading to the listening environment. Therefore, beside the minimum depth of the loudspeaker system, this loudspeaker design provides also very good heat dissipation for the motor system, i.e., the magnet assembly 9 and the voice coil 10.
  • FIG. 4 shows a mechanical abstraction of the loudspeaker system of FIGS. 1-3 using standard dynamic theory for modelling purposes.
  • an air mass Mv enclosed in the port 7 is tied to ground G by a spring (spring constant K1) provided by the first volume 3 and to the diaphragm 2 (mass Mmd) by another spring (spring constant K2) provided by volume 5.
  • a force F is applied to the diaphragm 2 moving its mass Mmd which is tied to ground G by a spring (spring constant K3) and a damper (damping constant C) provided by the suspension 11 and the spider 12.
  • the system is similar in many ways to the traditional bass reflex design, however the air mass Mv in the port 7, being enclosed, does not form part of the acoustic radiation and is thus tied to ground G via the spring having spring constant K1 in the mechanical model.
  • This second degree of freedom serves only to provide the necessary rear loading to control the diaphragm in the tuned system.
  • the force F applied to the driver and that experienced by the air mass Mv in the port 7 are expressed mathematically and the resulting equations solved to provide the diaphragm displacement.
  • the sound pressure level (SPL) at 1m assuming the system radiates from an infinite baffle can be calculated from the diaphragm displacement. Solving the equations below for x 1 will provide a prediction of the piston displacement x 1 from which diaphragm displacement and, accordingly, SPL predictions can be made.
  • FIG. 5 depicts the results of a comparison of a loudspeaker drive unit operated in free air (solid line) and a loudspeaker drive unit placed in an enclosure enclosing a 5.5 litre (L) air volume (dotted line).
  • SPL sound pressure level
  • FIG. 6 depicts the results of a comparison of a loudspeaker drive unit operated in free air (solid line) and loudspeaker drive unit placed in an enclosure enclosing a 5.5 litre (L) air volume and having an APDC (dotted line) as shown in FIGS. 1-3 (the sum of the two air volumes are equal to the volume of a conventional enclosure).
  • the port diameter is 20mm
  • the port length is 20mm
  • the coupler volume (of enclosure piece 6) is 0.2L
  • the rear volume (of enclosure 4) is 5.3L.
  • the sound pressure level (SPL) in dB over frequency f in Hz of the free air drive unit exhibits a higher sound pressure level at low frequencies (e.g., below 100 Hz) than the drive unit that has ripples at frequencies below and above 100Hz.
  • FIG. 7 depicts the results of the comparison of the loudspeaker drive unit in the sealed enclosure with APDC (dotted line), and the same drive unit in the sealed enclosure without APDC (solid line), where the loudspeaker drive unit in the sealed enclosure with APDC is supplied with double input power (+3dB).
  • the driver used in the modelling was the JM85 Land Rover rear door woofer.
  • the system is scalable and can be used also with loudspeakers with lower bass extension. It can be seen from FIG. 7 that while adding a sealed box reduces the low frequency efficiency, the APDC restores this efficiency to equal the free air case at lower frequencies facilitating bass reproduction in small boxes.
  • FIGS. 8 and 9 show results of the experimentally measured diaphragm displacements over a range of low frequencies at both 1v and 6v using a Klippel analyser. These measurement results are compared to the simulation from the derived equations. From these displacement curves, it is possible to predict the SPL in an infinite baffle. It can be seen that there is some loss effect at high power levels due to turbulent effects. Changing (in particular increasing) the port dimensions can optimize this even at the expense of a little of the desired coupler effect. The results demonstrate that the diaphragm is indeed influenced in the same manner as predicted.
  • the plug of air in the port is separating the tuned air volume coupled directly to the diaphragm from the untuned volume established by, e.g., a car body cavity. So the hardly controllable behaviour of the untuned air volume is no longer determining the acoustic properties of the complete loudspeaker system.
  • an appealing aspect of this is that the second volume 5 directly coupled to the diaphragm and the port can be formed from a simple funnel-shaped moulding (e.g., even part of the basket or frame) and therefore would be cheap to add.
  • the benefits would be reducing or eliminating coil rubs due to rocking modes and knowing precisely what the in-situ diaphragm velocity is and being able to simulate or tune the full system more accurately.
  • the APDC may also function as a simple protective rainwater cowl.
  • a conceptual enclosure 15 was created representing a vented subwoofer box having an opening 16.
  • the opening 16 is to interface with the vehicle bodywork and a convenient boundary condition was applied to simulate entry into a long pipe so it is neither sealed nor vented by design.
  • a driver having a diaphragm 17 was loaded into the enclosure both with and without an APDC coupler 18.
  • a coupled acoustic analysis (half model) of the driver plus enclosure and driver in APDC plus enclosure was computed. The results are shown in FIGS. 10 and 11 illustrating the pressure distribution within the enclosure 15 up to the rear surface of the diaphragm 17 for the case where a driver alone is placed into the enclosure 15 ( FIG.
  • the novel loudspeaker system provides a deterministic rear load and alleviates rocking modes. It is tuneable where an increased port diameter restores the original response and retains uniform loading to the rear of the loudspeaker drive unit, e.g., a woofer or subwoofer.
  • the use of an Adaptor for Passive Diaphragm Control (APDC) provides a sharper roll in/roll off. Furthermore, the acoustic radiation is performed by the diaphragm only and the tuning parameters will be optimised such that no audible port noise is evident.
  • APDC Adaptor for Passive Diaphragm Control
  • the performance of the novel loudspeaker system is - compared to conventional systems - predictable and a small enclosure can be added with little or no change in designed system resonance. Natural sharp roll off after the Helmholtz resonance of the enclosure reduces interference with other drivers complementing electronic filtering. Having an engineered multi degree of freedom acoustical system controlling the diaphragm, a low frequency extension is possible without adding acoustically absorbent wadding within an enclosure which is often impractical for car audio applications.
  • novel loudspeaker systems may be used in connection with D-Class amplifiers in order to have more power available.
  • the potentially hot motor is on the outside of the enclosure providing very good heat dissipation to the atmosphere considering the higher power supplied.
  • subwoofers are often designed to have very stiff suspension and high moving mass to minimise the effect of the added stiffness of the sealed box. Such a driver must be driven at high power to achieve reasonable acoustical power output and efficiency is generally quite low.
  • lower cost drive units having a lower mass and/or lower stiffness and/or magnetic flux density may be used.

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  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Otolaryngology (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Acoustics & Sound (AREA)
  • Signal Processing (AREA)
  • Audible-Bandwidth Dynamoelectric Transducers Other Than Pickups (AREA)
  • Fittings On The Vehicle Exterior For Carrying Loads, And Devices For Holding Or Mounting Articles (AREA)
EP20070024287 2007-12-14 2007-12-14 Système de haut-parleur avec enceinte à double chambre Active EP2077680B1 (fr)

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EP20070024287 EP2077680B1 (fr) 2007-12-14 2007-12-14 Système de haut-parleur avec enceinte à double chambre

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EP20070024287 EP2077680B1 (fr) 2007-12-14 2007-12-14 Système de haut-parleur avec enceinte à double chambre

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EP2077680A1 true EP2077680A1 (fr) 2009-07-08
EP2077680B1 EP2077680B1 (fr) 2013-09-11

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Cited By (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP2491726A1 (fr) 2009-10-23 2012-08-29 Blueprint Acoustics Pty Ltd Ensemble pour haut-parleur et système de haut-parleur
WO2018069063A1 (fr) * 2016-10-12 2018-04-19 Norman Gerkinsmeyer Absorbeur acoustique, cavité et véhicule, ainsi qu'utilisation d'un absorbeur acoustique
US10531194B2 (en) 2015-01-28 2020-01-07 Harman International Industries, Incorporated Vehicle speaker arrangement
US10631081B2 (en) 2015-05-04 2020-04-21 Harman International Industries, Incorporated Venting system for vehicle speaker assembly
US10904656B2 (en) 2016-05-10 2021-01-26 Harman International Industries, Incorporated Vehicle speaker arragement
DE102017214404B4 (de) 2017-08-18 2023-12-28 Audi Ag Lautsprecheranordnung und Fahrzeug

Families Citing this family (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US10567867B2 (en) 2017-09-05 2020-02-18 Bose Corporation Externally ducted vehicle loudspeaker
RU2737225C2 (ru) * 2018-05-21 2020-11-26 Растошинский Иван Сергеевич Динамический громкоговоритель с внутренним двухполостным резонатором

Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE2637487A1 (de) 1976-08-20 1978-02-23 Blaupunkt Werke Gmbh Lautsprechergehaeuse fuer fahrzeuge
JPH0937371A (ja) 1995-07-14 1997-02-07 Mitsubishi Electric Corp 車両用スピーカ装置
US6144751A (en) 1998-02-24 2000-11-07 Velandia; Erich M. Concentrically aligned speaker enclosure
WO2001062043A1 (fr) 2000-02-17 2001-08-23 American Technology Corporation Enceinte acoustique a bande passante a acoustique asymetrique munie de plusieurs filtres acoustiques
EP1679936A2 (fr) 2004-11-30 2006-07-12 Bose Corporation Diminution de vibrations dans une enceinte acoustique

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE2637487A1 (de) 1976-08-20 1978-02-23 Blaupunkt Werke Gmbh Lautsprechergehaeuse fuer fahrzeuge
JPH0937371A (ja) 1995-07-14 1997-02-07 Mitsubishi Electric Corp 車両用スピーカ装置
US6144751A (en) 1998-02-24 2000-11-07 Velandia; Erich M. Concentrically aligned speaker enclosure
WO2001062043A1 (fr) 2000-02-17 2001-08-23 American Technology Corporation Enceinte acoustique a bande passante a acoustique asymetrique munie de plusieurs filtres acoustiques
EP1679936A2 (fr) 2004-11-30 2006-07-12 Bose Corporation Diminution de vibrations dans une enceinte acoustique

Cited By (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP2491726A1 (fr) 2009-10-23 2012-08-29 Blueprint Acoustics Pty Ltd Ensemble pour haut-parleur et système de haut-parleur
EP2491726B1 (fr) * 2009-10-23 2017-12-06 Blueprint Acoustics Pty Ltd Ensemble pour haut-parleur et système de haut-parleur
EP3282714B1 (fr) 2009-10-23 2023-02-22 Blueprint Acoustics Pty Ltd Ensemble et système de haut-parleur
US10531194B2 (en) 2015-01-28 2020-01-07 Harman International Industries, Incorporated Vehicle speaker arrangement
US10631081B2 (en) 2015-05-04 2020-04-21 Harman International Industries, Incorporated Venting system for vehicle speaker assembly
US10904656B2 (en) 2016-05-10 2021-01-26 Harman International Industries, Incorporated Vehicle speaker arragement
WO2018069063A1 (fr) * 2016-10-12 2018-04-19 Norman Gerkinsmeyer Absorbeur acoustique, cavité et véhicule, ainsi qu'utilisation d'un absorbeur acoustique
DE102017214404B4 (de) 2017-08-18 2023-12-28 Audi Ag Lautsprecheranordnung und Fahrzeug

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