EP2077680A1 - Loudspeaker system with double chamber enclosure - Google Patents
Loudspeaker system with double chamber enclosure Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP2077680A1 EP2077680A1 EP07024287A EP07024287A EP2077680A1 EP 2077680 A1 EP2077680 A1 EP 2077680A1 EP 07024287 A EP07024287 A EP 07024287A EP 07024287 A EP07024287 A EP 07024287A EP 2077680 A1 EP2077680 A1 EP 2077680A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- diaphragm
- port
- enclosure
- loudspeaker system
- air
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
- 238000006073 displacement reaction Methods 0.000 description 9
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000005192 partition Methods 0.000 description 6
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000013016 damping Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000004044 response Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 description 3
- 241000239290 Araneae Species 0.000 description 2
- 230000002745 absorbent Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000002250 absorbent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004907 flux Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000017525 heat dissipation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000003190 augmentative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000428 dust Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001747 exhibiting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011065 in-situ storage Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000037361 pathway Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000011514 reflex Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004088 simulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001228 spectrum Methods 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04R—LOUDSPEAKERS, MICROPHONES, GRAMOPHONE PICK-UPS OR LIKE ACOUSTIC ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSDUCERS; DEAF-AID SETS; PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEMS
- H04R1/00—Details of transducers, loudspeakers or microphones
- H04R1/20—Arrangements for obtaining desired frequency or directional characteristics
- H04R1/22—Arrangements for obtaining desired frequency or directional characteristics for obtaining desired frequency characteristic only
- H04R1/28—Transducer mountings or enclosures modified by provision of mechanical or acoustic impedances, e.g. resonator, damping means
- H04R1/2807—Enclosures comprising vibrating or resonating arrangements
- H04R1/2811—Enclosures comprising vibrating or resonating arrangements for loudspeaker transducers
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04R—LOUDSPEAKERS, MICROPHONES, GRAMOPHONE PICK-UPS OR LIKE ACOUSTIC ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSDUCERS; DEAF-AID SETS; PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEMS
- H04R2499/00—Aspects covered by H04R or H04S not otherwise provided for in their subgroups
- H04R2499/10—General applications
- H04R2499/13—Acoustic transducers and sound field adaptation in vehicles
Definitions
- This invention relates to loudspeaker systems and, more specifically, to a novel low frequency loudspeaker system for vehicles.
- the diaphragm When a loudspeaker driver unit is mounted into a small sealed enclosure, the diaphragm is primarily influenced by the stiffness of the air as it is compressed into the finite volume of the sealed enclosure. One effect of this is to raise the coupled resonance of the driver-cabinet system which may undesirably curtail the low frequency (LF) extension. Additionally, in vehicles, mounting the loudspeaker into the body in white often means presenting a complicated impedance condition to the drive unit and may generate turbulent noise, pressure imbalance and acoustic short circuit. Furthermore it is often an unknown quantity, and forces the driver performance outside its carefully predicted bounds. Mounting the driver unit into a small enclosure (e.g., cabinet, box) requires that it should be mechanically very stiff and heavy to minimise the influence of the enclosed air stiffness - this in turn will make the driver unit expensive.
- a small enclosure e.g., cabinet, box
- the cavity into which the drive unit is placed typically includes a number of interconnected pathways often resulting in a non-uniform pressure distribution presented to the rear of the diaphragm.
- This loading has been observed to drive asymmetrical mode-shapes in the driver's more compliant suspension components, in particular, resulting in so-called "rocking" modes. These modes are not controlled by the dominant motor damping element in the driver unit and are therefore frequently of a magnitude sufficient to cause fouling of the software parts against the motor system metalwork.
- a loudspeaker system which comprises an enclosure with two separate air volumes which are acoustically linked by a port enclosing a plug of air; and an electro-acoustical transducer that converts electrical power into acoustical power and that includes a diaphragm having a front side and a rear side; the front side of the diaphragm radiates sound into a listening environment and the rear side is directly acoustically coupled to one of the volumes of the enclosure.
- the air volume which is directly coupled to the diaphragm and the plug of air in the port are tuned to form a resonant system driven by the transducer; and the volume that is not directly coupled to the diaphragm, is coupled to the plug of air in the port.
- FIGS. 1 and 2 illustrate a novel loudspeaker system comprising a loudspeaker drive unit 1 that includes a sound-producing conical diaphragm 2 having front and rear faces, and a two parts enclosure located on the rear of said loudspeaker drive unit 1 creating an acoustical path from the rear face of said diaphragm 2 into the rear enclosure.
- the enclosure forms a rear diaphragm control system and includes two air volumes, an air volume 3 enclosed in an enclosure piece 4 and an air volume 5 enclosed in an enclosure piece 6, which are acoustically coupled to each other through a port 7 in a partition wall of enclosure piece 6.
- Enclosure piece 6 including port 7 will be also referred to as Adapter for Passive Diaphragm Control (APDC) in the following description.
- Volume 5 is directly coupled to the diaphragm 2.
- Volume 3 is coupled to a plug of air in the intervening port 7 and, accordingly, not directly coupled to the diaphragm 2.
- the drive unit 1 is mounted in the enclosure piece 6 that serves as a ported coupling device and interfaces the drive unit 1 with the environment into which it is placed, e.g., in the present case enclosure piece 4 having a tube-like shape with an end wall.
- FIGS. 1 and 2 illustrate a system in which the volume 5 is predetermined and volume 3 does not need to be predetermined. Volume 3 may be replaced with any alternative sealed or even leaky volume representing a less deterministic part of the enclosure and may therefore be a more hostile acoustic environment, e.g., a cavity within a vehicle bodywork.
- the enclosure piece 6 is a tube-like ring with a cone-shaped end piece (partition wall) carrying port 7 and extending into enclosure 4.
- enclosure piece 6 may have any other shape that encloses the same volume.
- the distance from the diaphragm 2 to the rear of the enclosure piece 6 is relatively short and the intended operating frequency sufficiently low, such that standing waves in that direction within enclosure piece 6 are not a problem.
- sound absorbent material (not shown) can be provided within enclosure piece 6, enclosure piece 4 or both to provide an additional damping element should this prove to be necessary as an optimisation step.
- the port 7 may be, e.g., a simple aperture or a connector tube that may run at virtually any angle to the loudspeaker drive unit's axis.
- the aperture (or apertures) may be in the form of a circular hole in the partition wall as shown in FIGS. 1 and 2 .
- the aperture may be a connector tube 14 arranged in the centre of the partition wall extending outwardly from the front and (or) the rear of the partition wall of the enclosure piece 6.
- the tube 14 has a specific diameter and a specific length defining an acoustic mass in the tube 14 referred to as plug of air.
- apertures and tubes are applicable such as multiple coupling ports, apertures/tubes placed out of the central regions of the partition wall, or apertures/tubes having a cross-section other than circular. Tubes with dimensions which change with distance from the loudspeaker drive unit are applicable as well.
- a second diaphragm 15 suspended in the aperture/tube interconnecting the two volumes of the enclosure, e.g., in or at the port, may be used to increase the port mass (plug of air) and reduce turbulence and losses at high power.
- the drive unit 1 Beside the diaphragm 2, the drive unit 1 includes an apertured chassis 8, a magnet assembly 9, a voice coil 10, a surround 11, a spider 12, and a dust cap 13 in the centre of the diaphragm 4.
- the loudspeaker drive unit 1 When the loudspeaker drive unit 1 is in operation, sound waves are able to pass rearwardly from the rear of the diaphragm 2 into the sound path established by the two enclosure pieces 4, 6 and the port 7. From the front of the diaphragm 2 sound waves travel through the apertured chassis 3 to the listening environment.
- the loudspeaker drive unit 1 is of the modern reduced physical depth type, also known as inverse motor loudspeaker, where the magnet assembly 9 is arranged at the front side of the diaphragm 2, i.e., in the sound path leading to the listening environment. Therefore, beside the minimum depth of the loudspeaker system, this loudspeaker design provides also very good heat dissipation for the motor system, i.e., the magnet assembly 9 and the voice coil 10.
- FIG. 4 shows a mechanical abstraction of the loudspeaker system of FIGS. 1-3 using standard dynamic theory for modelling purposes.
- an air mass Mv enclosed in the port 7 is tied to ground G by a spring (spring constant K1) provided by the first volume 3 and to the diaphragm 2 (mass Mmd) by another spring (spring constant K2) provided by volume 5.
- a force F is applied to the diaphragm 2 moving its mass Mmd which is tied to ground G by a spring (spring constant K3) and a damper (damping constant C) provided by the suspension 11 and the spider 12.
- the system is similar in many ways to the traditional bass reflex design, however the air mass Mv in the port 7, being enclosed, does not form part of the acoustic radiation and is thus tied to ground G via the spring having spring constant K1 in the mechanical model.
- This second degree of freedom serves only to provide the necessary rear loading to control the diaphragm in the tuned system.
- the force F applied to the driver and that experienced by the air mass Mv in the port 7 are expressed mathematically and the resulting equations solved to provide the diaphragm displacement.
- the sound pressure level (SPL) at 1m assuming the system radiates from an infinite baffle can be calculated from the diaphragm displacement. Solving the equations below for x 1 will provide a prediction of the piston displacement x 1 from which diaphragm displacement and, accordingly, SPL predictions can be made.
- FIG. 5 depicts the results of a comparison of a loudspeaker drive unit operated in free air (solid line) and a loudspeaker drive unit placed in an enclosure enclosing a 5.5 litre (L) air volume (dotted line).
- SPL sound pressure level
- FIG. 6 depicts the results of a comparison of a loudspeaker drive unit operated in free air (solid line) and loudspeaker drive unit placed in an enclosure enclosing a 5.5 litre (L) air volume and having an APDC (dotted line) as shown in FIGS. 1-3 (the sum of the two air volumes are equal to the volume of a conventional enclosure).
- the port diameter is 20mm
- the port length is 20mm
- the coupler volume (of enclosure piece 6) is 0.2L
- the rear volume (of enclosure 4) is 5.3L.
- the sound pressure level (SPL) in dB over frequency f in Hz of the free air drive unit exhibits a higher sound pressure level at low frequencies (e.g., below 100 Hz) than the drive unit that has ripples at frequencies below and above 100Hz.
- FIG. 7 depicts the results of the comparison of the loudspeaker drive unit in the sealed enclosure with APDC (dotted line), and the same drive unit in the sealed enclosure without APDC (solid line), where the loudspeaker drive unit in the sealed enclosure with APDC is supplied with double input power (+3dB).
- the driver used in the modelling was the JM85 Land Rover rear door woofer.
- the system is scalable and can be used also with loudspeakers with lower bass extension. It can be seen from FIG. 7 that while adding a sealed box reduces the low frequency efficiency, the APDC restores this efficiency to equal the free air case at lower frequencies facilitating bass reproduction in small boxes.
- FIGS. 8 and 9 show results of the experimentally measured diaphragm displacements over a range of low frequencies at both 1v and 6v using a Klippel analyser. These measurement results are compared to the simulation from the derived equations. From these displacement curves, it is possible to predict the SPL in an infinite baffle. It can be seen that there is some loss effect at high power levels due to turbulent effects. Changing (in particular increasing) the port dimensions can optimize this even at the expense of a little of the desired coupler effect. The results demonstrate that the diaphragm is indeed influenced in the same manner as predicted.
- the plug of air in the port is separating the tuned air volume coupled directly to the diaphragm from the untuned volume established by, e.g., a car body cavity. So the hardly controllable behaviour of the untuned air volume is no longer determining the acoustic properties of the complete loudspeaker system.
- an appealing aspect of this is that the second volume 5 directly coupled to the diaphragm and the port can be formed from a simple funnel-shaped moulding (e.g., even part of the basket or frame) and therefore would be cheap to add.
- the benefits would be reducing or eliminating coil rubs due to rocking modes and knowing precisely what the in-situ diaphragm velocity is and being able to simulate or tune the full system more accurately.
- the APDC may also function as a simple protective rainwater cowl.
- a conceptual enclosure 15 was created representing a vented subwoofer box having an opening 16.
- the opening 16 is to interface with the vehicle bodywork and a convenient boundary condition was applied to simulate entry into a long pipe so it is neither sealed nor vented by design.
- a driver having a diaphragm 17 was loaded into the enclosure both with and without an APDC coupler 18.
- a coupled acoustic analysis (half model) of the driver plus enclosure and driver in APDC plus enclosure was computed. The results are shown in FIGS. 10 and 11 illustrating the pressure distribution within the enclosure 15 up to the rear surface of the diaphragm 17 for the case where a driver alone is placed into the enclosure 15 ( FIG.
- the novel loudspeaker system provides a deterministic rear load and alleviates rocking modes. It is tuneable where an increased port diameter restores the original response and retains uniform loading to the rear of the loudspeaker drive unit, e.g., a woofer or subwoofer.
- the use of an Adaptor for Passive Diaphragm Control (APDC) provides a sharper roll in/roll off. Furthermore, the acoustic radiation is performed by the diaphragm only and the tuning parameters will be optimised such that no audible port noise is evident.
- APDC Adaptor for Passive Diaphragm Control
- the performance of the novel loudspeaker system is - compared to conventional systems - predictable and a small enclosure can be added with little or no change in designed system resonance. Natural sharp roll off after the Helmholtz resonance of the enclosure reduces interference with other drivers complementing electronic filtering. Having an engineered multi degree of freedom acoustical system controlling the diaphragm, a low frequency extension is possible without adding acoustically absorbent wadding within an enclosure which is often impractical for car audio applications.
- novel loudspeaker systems may be used in connection with D-Class amplifiers in order to have more power available.
- the potentially hot motor is on the outside of the enclosure providing very good heat dissipation to the atmosphere considering the higher power supplied.
- subwoofers are often designed to have very stiff suspension and high moving mass to minimise the effect of the added stiffness of the sealed box. Such a driver must be driven at high power to achieve reasonable acoustical power output and efficiency is generally quite low.
- lower cost drive units having a lower mass and/or lower stiffness and/or magnetic flux density may be used.
Landscapes
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Otolaryngology (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Acoustics & Sound (AREA)
- Signal Processing (AREA)
- Fittings On The Vehicle Exterior For Carrying Loads, And Devices For Holding Or Mounting Articles (AREA)
- Audible-Bandwidth Dynamoelectric Transducers Other Than Pickups (AREA)
Abstract
Description
- This invention relates to loudspeaker systems and, more specifically, to a novel low frequency loudspeaker system for vehicles.
- When a loudspeaker driver unit is mounted into a small sealed enclosure, the diaphragm is primarily influenced by the stiffness of the air as it is compressed into the finite volume of the sealed enclosure. One effect of this is to raise the coupled resonance of the driver-cabinet system which may undesirably curtail the low frequency (LF) extension. Additionally, in vehicles, mounting the loudspeaker into the body in white often means presenting a complicated impedance condition to the drive unit and may generate turbulent noise, pressure imbalance and acoustic short circuit. Furthermore it is often an unknown quantity, and forces the driver performance outside its carefully predicted bounds. Mounting the driver unit into a small enclosure (e.g., cabinet, box) requires that it should be mechanically very stiff and heavy to minimise the influence of the enclosed air stiffness - this in turn will make the driver unit expensive.
- The cavity into which the drive unit is placed, usually some available space in the vehicle bodywork and doors, typically includes a number of interconnected pathways often resulting in a non-uniform pressure distribution presented to the rear of the diaphragm. This loading has been observed to drive asymmetrical mode-shapes in the driver's more compliant suspension components, in particular, resulting in so-called "rocking" modes. These modes are not controlled by the dominant motor damping element in the driver unit and are therefore frequently of a magnitude sufficient to cause fouling of the software parts against the motor system metalwork. In view of the above, there is a need for improvements in designing loudspeakers into small and complex cavities.
- A loudspeaker system is presented which comprises an enclosure with two separate air volumes which are acoustically linked by a port enclosing a plug of air; and an electro-acoustical transducer that converts electrical power into acoustical power and that includes a diaphragm having a front side and a rear side; the front side of the diaphragm radiates sound into a listening environment and the rear side is directly acoustically coupled to one of the volumes of the enclosure. The air volume which is directly coupled to the diaphragm and the plug of air in the port are tuned to form a resonant system driven by the transducer; and the volume that is not directly coupled to the diaphragm, is coupled to the plug of air in the port.
- These and other objects, features, and advantages of the present invention will become apparent in light of the drawings and detailed description of the present invention provided below. The components in the figures are not necessarily to scale, emphasis instead being placed upon illustrating the principles of the invention. Moreover, in the figures, like reference numerals designate corresponding parts throughout the different views.
-
FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view of a novel loudspeaker system having two air volumes coupled by a short port; -
FIG. 2 is an exploded perspective view of the system shown inFIG. 1 ; -
FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view of another example of a loudspeaker system having two air volumes coupled by a long port; -
FIG. 4 is block diagram illustrating a mechanical model of a novel loudspeaker system having two air volumes coupled by a port; -
FIG. 5 is a diagram depicting the sound pressure levels of a free air loudspeaker and a loudspeaker placed in a conventional enclosure; -
FIG. 6 is a diagram depicting the sound pressure levels of a free air loudspeaker and a novel loudspeaker system having two air volumes coupled through a port; -
FIG. 7 is a diagram depicting the sound pressure level of a loudspeaker placed in a sealed enclosure in comparison to the sound pressure level of a loudspeaker of a novel loudspeaker system having two air volumes coupled by a port; -
FIG. 8 is a diagram depicting the diaphragm displacement spectra of an Adapter for Passive Diaphragm Control (APDC); -
FIG. 9 is a diagram depicting the calculated Sound Pressure Level (SPL) based on the diaphragm displacement of an Adapter for Passive Diaphragm Control (APDC); -
FIG. 10 illustrates the pressure distribution within an exemplary enclosure for the case where a driver alone is placed into the enclosure; and -
FIG. 11 illustrates the pressure distribution within an exemplary enclosure for the case where an APDC is used. -
FIGS. 1 and 2 illustrate a novel loudspeaker system comprising aloudspeaker drive unit 1 that includes a sound-producingconical diaphragm 2 having front and rear faces, and a two parts enclosure located on the rear of saidloudspeaker drive unit 1 creating an acoustical path from the rear face of saiddiaphragm 2 into the rear enclosure. The enclosure forms a rear diaphragm control system and includes two air volumes, anair volume 3 enclosed in anenclosure piece 4 and anair volume 5 enclosed in anenclosure piece 6, which are acoustically coupled to each other through a port 7 in a partition wall ofenclosure piece 6.Enclosure piece 6 including port 7 will be also referred to as Adapter for Passive Diaphragm Control (APDC) in the following description.Volume 5 is directly coupled to thediaphragm 2.Volume 3 is coupled to a plug of air in the intervening port 7 and, accordingly, not directly coupled to thediaphragm 2. - The
drive unit 1 is mounted in theenclosure piece 6 that serves as a ported coupling device and interfaces thedrive unit 1 with the environment into which it is placed, e.g., in the presentcase enclosure piece 4 having a tube-like shape with an end wall.FIGS. 1 and 2 illustrate a system in which thevolume 5 is predetermined andvolume 3 does not need to be predetermined.Volume 3 may be replaced with any alternative sealed or even leaky volume representing a less deterministic part of the enclosure and may therefore be a more hostile acoustic environment, e.g., a cavity within a vehicle bodywork. - In the system of
FIGS. 1 and 2 , theenclosure piece 6 is a tube-like ring with a cone-shaped end piece (partition wall) carrying port 7 and extending intoenclosure 4. However,enclosure piece 6 may have any other shape that encloses the same volume. As thefirst volume 3 is larger than thesecond volume 5, the distance from thediaphragm 2 to the rear of theenclosure piece 6 is relatively short and the intended operating frequency sufficiently low, such that standing waves in that direction withinenclosure piece 6 are not a problem. If desired, sound absorbent material (not shown) can be provided withinenclosure piece 6,enclosure piece 4 or both to provide an additional damping element should this prove to be necessary as an optimisation step. - The port 7 may be, e.g., a simple aperture or a connector tube that may run at virtually any angle to the loudspeaker drive unit's axis. The aperture (or apertures) may be in the form of a circular hole in the partition wall as shown in
FIGS. 1 and 2 . As shown inFIG. 3 , the aperture may be aconnector tube 14 arranged in the centre of the partition wall extending outwardly from the front and (or) the rear of the partition wall of theenclosure piece 6. Thetube 14 has a specific diameter and a specific length defining an acoustic mass in thetube 14 referred to as plug of air. Many other arrangements of apertures and tubes are applicable such as multiple coupling ports, apertures/tubes placed out of the central regions of the partition wall, or apertures/tubes having a cross-section other than circular. Tubes with dimensions which change with distance from the loudspeaker drive unit are applicable as well. For specific applications, asecond diaphragm 15 suspended in the aperture/tube interconnecting the two volumes of the enclosure, e.g., in or at the port, may be used to increase the port mass (plug of air) and reduce turbulence and losses at high power. - Beside the
diaphragm 2, thedrive unit 1 includes anapertured chassis 8, amagnet assembly 9, avoice coil 10, asurround 11, aspider 12, and adust cap 13 in the centre of thediaphragm 4. When theloudspeaker drive unit 1 is in operation, sound waves are able to pass rearwardly from the rear of thediaphragm 2 into the sound path established by the twoenclosure pieces diaphragm 2 sound waves travel through the aperturedchassis 3 to the listening environment. Theloudspeaker drive unit 1 is of the modern reduced physical depth type, also known as inverse motor loudspeaker, where themagnet assembly 9 is arranged at the front side of thediaphragm 2, i.e., in the sound path leading to the listening environment. Therefore, beside the minimum depth of the loudspeaker system, this loudspeaker design provides also very good heat dissipation for the motor system, i.e., themagnet assembly 9 and thevoice coil 10. -
FIG. 4 shows a mechanical abstraction of the loudspeaker system ofFIGS. 1-3 using standard dynamic theory for modelling purposes. In the model, an air mass Mv enclosed in the port 7 is tied to ground G by a spring (spring constant K1) provided by thefirst volume 3 and to the diaphragm 2 (mass Mmd) by another spring (spring constant K2) provided byvolume 5. A force F is applied to thediaphragm 2 moving its mass Mmd which is tied to ground G by a spring (spring constant K3) and a damper (damping constant C) provided by thesuspension 11 and thespider 12. - The system is similar in many ways to the traditional bass reflex design, however the air mass Mv in the port 7, being enclosed, does not form part of the acoustic radiation and is thus tied to ground G via the spring having spring constant K1 in the mechanical model. This second degree of freedom serves only to provide the necessary rear loading to control the diaphragm in the tuned system. The force F applied to the driver and that experienced by the air mass Mv in the port 7 are expressed mathematically and the resulting equations solved to provide the diaphragm displacement. The sound pressure level (SPL) at 1m, assuming the system radiates from an infinite baffle can be calculated from the diaphragm displacement. Solving the equations below for x1 will provide a prediction of the piston displacement x1 from which diaphragm displacement and, accordingly, SPL predictions can be made.
-
-
-
FIG. 5 depicts the results of a comparison of a loudspeaker drive unit operated in free air (solid line) and a loudspeaker drive unit placed in an enclosure enclosing a 5.5 litre (L) air volume (dotted line). As can be seen, the sound pressure level (SPL) in dB over frequency f in Hz of the free air drive unit exhibits a higher sound pressure level at low frequencies (e.g., below 100 Hz) than the boxed drive unit exhibiting a peak at frequencies above 100Hz. -
FIG. 6 depicts the results of a comparison of a loudspeaker drive unit operated in free air (solid line) and loudspeaker drive unit placed in an enclosure enclosing a 5.5 litre (L) air volume and having an APDC (dotted line) as shown inFIGS. 1-3 (the sum of the two air volumes are equal to the volume of a conventional enclosure). In the present example, the port diameter is 20mm, the port length is 20mm, the coupler volume (of enclosure piece 6) is 0.2L and the rear volume (of enclosure 4) is 5.3L. The sound pressure level (SPL) in dB over frequency f in Hz of the free air drive unit exhibits a higher sound pressure level at low frequencies (e.g., below 100 Hz) than the drive unit that has ripples at frequencies below and above 100Hz. - However, comparing the loudspeaker drive unit in a sealed enclosure with APDC with the same drive unit in a sealed enclosure without APDC, the low frequency peak in the response provides an improvement in the bass extension for woofer and subwoofer applications and the following dip in the response forms the roll off which may be augmented with an active or passive filter, e.g., an active filter implemented in a digital signal processor (DSP).
FIG. 7 depicts the results of the comparison of the loudspeaker drive unit in the sealed enclosure with APDC (dotted line), and the same drive unit in the sealed enclosure without APDC (solid line), where the loudspeaker drive unit in the sealed enclosure with APDC is supplied with double input power (+3dB). The driver used in the modelling was the JM85 Land Rover rear door woofer. The system is scalable and can be used also with loudspeakers with lower bass extension. It can be seen fromFIG. 7 that while adding a sealed box reduces the low frequency efficiency, the APDC restores this efficiency to equal the free air case at lower frequencies facilitating bass reproduction in small boxes. -
FIGS. 8 and9 show results of the experimentally measured diaphragm displacements over a range of low frequencies at both 1v and 6v using a Klippel analyser. These measurement results are compared to the simulation from the derived equations. From these displacement curves, it is possible to predict the SPL in an infinite baffle. It can be seen that there is some loss effect at high power levels due to turbulent effects. Changing (in particular increasing) the port dimensions can optimize this even at the expense of a little of the desired coupler effect. The results demonstrate that the diaphragm is indeed influenced in the same manner as predicted. - The plug of air in the port is separating the tuned air volume coupled directly to the diaphragm from the untuned volume established by, e.g., a car body cavity. So the hardly controllable behaviour of the untuned air volume is no longer determining the acoustic properties of the complete loudspeaker system. As shown in the examples of
FIGS. 1 and3 , an appealing aspect of this is that thesecond volume 5 directly coupled to the diaphragm and the port can be formed from a simple funnel-shaped moulding (e.g., even part of the basket or frame) and therefore would be cheap to add. The benefits would be reducing or eliminating coil rubs due to rocking modes and knowing precisely what the in-situ diaphragm velocity is and being able to simulate or tune the full system more accurately. The APDC may also function as a simple protective rainwater cowl. - Referring to
FIGS. 10 and 11 , aconceptual enclosure 15 was created representing a vented subwoofer box having anopening 16. Theopening 16 is to interface with the vehicle bodywork and a convenient boundary condition was applied to simulate entry into a long pipe so it is neither sealed nor vented by design. A driver having adiaphragm 17 was loaded into the enclosure both with and without anAPDC coupler 18. A coupled acoustic analysis (half model) of the driver plus enclosure and driver in APDC plus enclosure was computed. The results are shown inFIGS. 10 and 11 illustrating the pressure distribution within theenclosure 15 up to the rear surface of thediaphragm 17 for the case where a driver alone is placed into the enclosure 15 (FIG. 10 ) and where anAPDC coupler 16 is added to the system (FIG. 11 ). Only the air is shown as a volume which extends to the rear surface of thediaphragm 17 and the pressure variation is described by a change on a grey scale (dark - higher pressure, pale - lower pressure). - At higher frequencies - in the present case 310Hz, where pressure within the enclosure varies spatially, there is an uneven acoustic loading at the rear of the loudspeaker diaphragm. This means that loudspeakers that have structural rocking modes located in this frequency range are vulnerable to having these activated by the pressure imbalance at the rear of the diaphragm. The dominant motor damping mechanism is ineffective for this type of mode as the motion of the coil does not orthogonally cut the flux lines in the motor system. In the case where an APDC is used, the fluid load acting directly upon the rear of the diaphragm is more uniform, decoupled from the strong pressure variation by the structure of the APDC housing. This means that little energy is transferred into rocking modes and therefore are only weakly excited.
- The novel loudspeaker system provides a deterministic rear load and alleviates rocking modes. It is tuneable where an increased port diameter restores the original response and retains uniform loading to the rear of the loudspeaker drive unit, e.g., a woofer or subwoofer. The use of an Adaptor for Passive Diaphragm Control (APDC) provides a sharper roll in/roll off. Furthermore, the acoustic radiation is performed by the diaphragm only and the tuning parameters will be optimised such that no audible port noise is evident.
- The performance of the novel loudspeaker system is - compared to conventional systems - predictable and a small enclosure can be added with little or no change in designed system resonance. Natural sharp roll off after the Helmholtz resonance of the enclosure reduces interference with other drivers complementing electronic filtering. Having an engineered multi degree of freedom acoustical system controlling the diaphragm, a low frequency extension is possible without adding acoustically absorbent wadding within an enclosure which is often impractical for car audio applications.
- Due to a lower efficiency, novel loudspeaker systems may be used in connection with D-Class amplifiers in order to have more power available. In this case, when using an inverse motor loudspeaker drive unit as outlined above, the potentially hot motor is on the outside of the enclosure providing very good heat dissipation to the atmosphere considering the higher power supplied. When subwoofers are used in conjunction with small enclosures, they are often designed to have very stiff suspension and high moving mass to minimise the effect of the added stiffness of the sealed box. Such a driver must be driven at high power to achieve reasonable acoustical power output and efficiency is generally quite low. In the novel loudspeaker system, lower cost drive units having a lower mass and/or lower stiffness and/or magnetic flux density may be used.
- Although examples of the present invention have been described herein above in detail, it is desired, to emphasis that this has been for the purpose of illustrating the present invention and should not be considered as necessarily limitative of the invention, it being understood that many modifications and variations can be made by those skilled in the art while still practising the invention claimed herein.
Claims (13)
- A loudspeaker system comprising:an enclosure that comprises two separate air volumes which are acoustically linked by a port; the port enclosing a plug of air; andan electro-acoustical transducer that converts electrical power into acoustical power and that comprises a diaphragm having a front side and a rear side; the front side of the diaphragm radiates sound into a listening environment and the rear side is directly acoustically coupled to one of the volumes of the enclosure; wherethe air volume which is directly coupled to the diaphragm and the plug of air in the port are tuned to form a resonant system driven by the transducer; and
the volume that is not directly coupled to the diaphragm, is coupled to the plug of air in the port. - The loudspeaker system of claim 1 where the port has a tube-like shape.
- The loudspeaker system of claim 1 or 2 where the port and the volume directly coupled to the diaphragm, are tuned using standard dynamic theory.
- The loudspeaker system of one of claims 1-3 where the volume not directly coupled to the diaphragm is larger than the volume directly coupled to the diaphragm.
- The loudspeaker system of one of claims 1-4 where the plug of air comprises a volume that is smaller than the two volumes.
- The loudspeaker system of one of claims 1-5 where the diaphragm of the electro-acoustical transducer has a cone-like shape.
- The loudspeaker system of one of claims 1-6 where the volume coupled directly to the diaphragm has a cone-like shape.
- The loudspeaker system of one of claims 1-7 where the enclosure comprises rigid walls.
- The loudspeaker system of one of claims 1-8 where the electro-acoustical transducer comprises a motor system that is arranged on the side of the diaphragm being opposite to the enclosure.
- The loudspeaker system of one of claims 1-9 where the volume that is not directly coupled to the diaphragm, is formed by body parts of a vehicle.
- The loudspeaker system of one of claims 1-10 further comprising another diaphragm located at or in the port.
- The loudspeaker system of one of claims 1-11 where the electro-acoustical transducer is a woofer or subwoofer.
- The loudspeaker system of one of claims 1-12 where the transducer comprises a frame and the enclosure comprises two parts; one part of which being also part of the transducer's frame.
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
EP20070024287 EP2077680B1 (en) | 2007-12-14 | 2007-12-14 | Loudspeaker system with double chamber enclosure |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
EP20070024287 EP2077680B1 (en) | 2007-12-14 | 2007-12-14 | Loudspeaker system with double chamber enclosure |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP2077680A1 true EP2077680A1 (en) | 2009-07-08 |
EP2077680B1 EP2077680B1 (en) | 2013-09-11 |
Family
ID=39133779
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP20070024287 Active EP2077680B1 (en) | 2007-12-14 | 2007-12-14 | Loudspeaker system with double chamber enclosure |
Country Status (1)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP2077680B1 (en) |
Cited By (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP2491726A1 (en) | 2009-10-23 | 2012-08-29 | Blueprint Acoustics Pty Ltd | Loudspeaker assembly and system |
WO2018069063A1 (en) * | 2016-10-12 | 2018-04-19 | Norman Gerkinsmeyer | Noise absorber, cavity and vehicle, and use of a noise absorber |
US10531194B2 (en) | 2015-01-28 | 2020-01-07 | Harman International Industries, Incorporated | Vehicle speaker arrangement |
US10631081B2 (en) | 2015-05-04 | 2020-04-21 | Harman International Industries, Incorporated | Venting system for vehicle speaker assembly |
US10904656B2 (en) | 2016-05-10 | 2021-01-26 | Harman International Industries, Incorporated | Vehicle speaker arragement |
DE102017214404B4 (en) | 2017-08-18 | 2023-12-28 | Audi Ag | Speaker arrangement and vehicle |
Families Citing this family (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US10567867B2 (en) | 2017-09-05 | 2020-02-18 | Bose Corporation | Externally ducted vehicle loudspeaker |
RU2737225C2 (en) * | 2018-05-21 | 2020-11-26 | Растошинский Иван Сергеевич | Dynamic loudspeaker with internal double-cavity resonator |
Citations (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE2637487A1 (en) | 1976-08-20 | 1978-02-23 | Blaupunkt Werke Gmbh | SPEAKER ENCLOSURE FOR VEHICLES |
JPH0937371A (en) | 1995-07-14 | 1997-02-07 | Mitsubishi Electric Corp | Speaker device for vehicle |
US6144751A (en) | 1998-02-24 | 2000-11-07 | Velandia; Erich M. | Concentrically aligned speaker enclosure |
WO2001062043A1 (en) | 2000-02-17 | 2001-08-23 | American Technology Corporation | Acoustically asymmetric bandpass loudspeaker with multiple acoustic filters |
EP1679936A2 (en) | 2004-11-30 | 2006-07-12 | Bose Corporation | Baffle vibration reduction in a loudspeaker housing |
-
2007
- 2007-12-14 EP EP20070024287 patent/EP2077680B1/en active Active
Patent Citations (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE2637487A1 (en) | 1976-08-20 | 1978-02-23 | Blaupunkt Werke Gmbh | SPEAKER ENCLOSURE FOR VEHICLES |
JPH0937371A (en) | 1995-07-14 | 1997-02-07 | Mitsubishi Electric Corp | Speaker device for vehicle |
US6144751A (en) | 1998-02-24 | 2000-11-07 | Velandia; Erich M. | Concentrically aligned speaker enclosure |
WO2001062043A1 (en) | 2000-02-17 | 2001-08-23 | American Technology Corporation | Acoustically asymmetric bandpass loudspeaker with multiple acoustic filters |
EP1679936A2 (en) | 2004-11-30 | 2006-07-12 | Bose Corporation | Baffle vibration reduction in a loudspeaker housing |
Cited By (8)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP2491726A1 (en) | 2009-10-23 | 2012-08-29 | Blueprint Acoustics Pty Ltd | Loudspeaker assembly and system |
EP2491726B1 (en) * | 2009-10-23 | 2017-12-06 | Blueprint Acoustics Pty Ltd | Loudspeaker assembly and system |
EP3282714B1 (en) | 2009-10-23 | 2023-02-22 | Blueprint Acoustics Pty Ltd | Loudspeaker assembly and system |
US10531194B2 (en) | 2015-01-28 | 2020-01-07 | Harman International Industries, Incorporated | Vehicle speaker arrangement |
US10631081B2 (en) | 2015-05-04 | 2020-04-21 | Harman International Industries, Incorporated | Venting system for vehicle speaker assembly |
US10904656B2 (en) | 2016-05-10 | 2021-01-26 | Harman International Industries, Incorporated | Vehicle speaker arragement |
WO2018069063A1 (en) * | 2016-10-12 | 2018-04-19 | Norman Gerkinsmeyer | Noise absorber, cavity and vehicle, and use of a noise absorber |
DE102017214404B4 (en) | 2017-08-18 | 2023-12-28 | Audi Ag | Speaker arrangement and vehicle |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
EP2077680B1 (en) | 2013-09-11 |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
EP2077680B1 (en) | Loudspeaker system with double chamber enclosure | |
US11026016B2 (en) | Tubular passive acoustic radiator module | |
US8428284B2 (en) | Loudspeaker with passive low frequency directional control | |
EP3257264B1 (en) | Loudspeaker enclosure with a sealed acoustic suspension chamber | |
JP2007001422A (en) | On-vehicle speaker device and vehicle therewith | |
US7158648B2 (en) | Loudspeaker system with extended bass response | |
JP2003517805A (en) | Speaker with dual chamber acoustic enclosure provided with two external vents and one internal vent | |
JP7564331B2 (en) | Vehicle-mounted woofer device and its design method | |
US10667039B2 (en) | Acoustic device having an electro-acoustic transducer mounted to a passive radiator diaphragm | |
EP3486898B1 (en) | Compression driver with side-firing compression chamber | |
US5975236A (en) | Speaker assembly | |
EP2043382B1 (en) | Sound system | |
CN106528907A (en) | Ventilated type vehicle-mounted woofer speaker system and design method thereof | |
CN209949408U (en) | Passive diaphragm system and sound box adopting same | |
JP7474518B2 (en) | Audio Loudspeaker System | |
US20180338202A1 (en) | Complementary driver alignment | |
CN112104956A (en) | Passive radiator and electroacoustic device comprising same | |
JPH10341492A (en) | Low-frequency sound enhancing device for speaker system | |
Chang et al. | Bass Extension of Microspeaker System on Mobile Device | |
EP2187655A1 (en) | A loudspeaker system comprising an acoustic filter | |
WO2010015976A2 (en) | A loudspeaker arrangement | |
CN116506755A (en) | Vehicle-mounted sound box and vehicle | |
JP2010509827A (en) | Loudspeaker system | |
JPH01254097A (en) | Acoustic equipment | |
JP2010114612A (en) | Indicator equipped with small speaker, and small speaker structure |
Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
PUAI | Public reference made under article 153(3) epc to a published international application that has entered the european phase |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009012 |
|
17P | Request for examination filed |
Effective date: 20090214 |
|
AK | Designated contracting states |
Kind code of ref document: A1 Designated state(s): AT BE BG CH CY CZ DE DK EE ES FI FR GB GR HU IE IS IT LI LT LU LV MC MT NL PL PT RO SE SI SK TR |
|
AX | Request for extension of the european patent |
Extension state: AL BA HR MK RS |
|
AKX | Designation fees paid |
Designated state(s): AT BE BG CH CY CZ DE DK EE ES FI FR GB GR HU IE IS IT LI LT LU LV MC MT NL PL PT RO SE SI SK TR |
|
RAP1 | Party data changed (applicant data changed or rights of an application transferred) |
Owner name: HARMAN INTERNATIONAL INDUSTRIES LTD. |
|
GRAP | Despatch of communication of intention to grant a patent |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: EPIDOSNIGR1 |
|
GRAS | Grant fee paid |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: EPIDOSNIGR3 |
|
GRAA | (expected) grant |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009210 |
|
AK | Designated contracting states |
Kind code of ref document: B1 Designated state(s): AT BE BG CH CY CZ DE DK EE ES FI FR GB GR HU IE IS IT LI LT LU LV MC MT NL PL PT RO SE SI SK TR |
|
REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: GB Ref legal event code: FG4D |
|
REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: CH Ref legal event code: EP |
|
REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: AT Ref legal event code: REF Ref document number: 632184 Country of ref document: AT Kind code of ref document: T Effective date: 20130915 |
|
REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: IE Ref legal event code: FG4D |
|
REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: DE Ref legal event code: R096 Ref document number: 602007032770 Country of ref document: DE Effective date: 20131107 |
|
PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: LT Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT Effective date: 20130911 Ref country code: CY Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT Effective date: 20130731 Ref country code: SE Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT Effective date: 20130911 |
|
REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: NL Ref legal event code: VDEP Effective date: 20130911 |
|
REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: AT Ref legal event code: MK05 Ref document number: 632184 Country of ref document: AT Kind code of ref document: T Effective date: 20130911 |
|
REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: LT Ref legal event code: MG4D |
|
PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: LV Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT Effective date: 20130911 Ref country code: GR Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT Effective date: 20131212 Ref country code: SI Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT Effective date: 20130911 Ref country code: FI Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT Effective date: 20130911 |
|
PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: BE Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT Effective date: 20130911 Ref country code: CY Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT Effective date: 20130911 |
|
PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: EE Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT Effective date: 20130911 Ref country code: CZ Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT Effective date: 20130911 Ref country code: SK Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT Effective date: 20130911 Ref country code: RO Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT Effective date: 20130911 Ref country code: NL Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT Effective date: 20130911 Ref country code: IS Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT Effective date: 20140111 |
|
PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: PL Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT Effective date: 20130911 Ref country code: AT Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT Effective date: 20130911 Ref country code: ES Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT Effective date: 20130911 |
|
REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: DE Ref legal event code: R097 Ref document number: 602007032770 Country of ref document: DE |
|
PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: PT Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT Effective date: 20140113 |
|
PLBE | No opposition filed within time limit |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009261 |
|
STAA | Information on the status of an ep patent application or granted ep patent |
Free format text: STATUS: NO OPPOSITION FILED WITHIN TIME LIMIT |
|
REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: CH Ref legal event code: PL |
|
26N | No opposition filed |
Effective date: 20140612 |
|
PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: IT Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT Effective date: 20130911 Ref country code: LU Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT Effective date: 20131214 Ref country code: MC Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT Effective date: 20130911 |
|
REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: IE Ref legal event code: MM4A |
|
REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: DE Ref legal event code: R097 Ref document number: 602007032770 Country of ref document: DE Effective date: 20140612 |
|
PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: DK Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT Effective date: 20130911 |
|
PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: CH Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES Effective date: 20131231 Ref country code: LI Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES Effective date: 20131231 Ref country code: IE Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES Effective date: 20131214 |
|
PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: TR Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT Effective date: 20130911 |
|
PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: HU Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT; INVALID AB INITIO Effective date: 20071214 Ref country code: BG Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT Effective date: 20130911 |
|
PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: MT Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT Effective date: 20130911 |
|
REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: FR Ref legal event code: PLFP Year of fee payment: 9 |
|
REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: FR Ref legal event code: PLFP Year of fee payment: 10 |
|
REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: FR Ref legal event code: PLFP Year of fee payment: 11 |
|
P01 | Opt-out of the competence of the unified patent court (upc) registered |
Effective date: 20230527 |
|
PGFP | Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: GB Payment date: 20231121 Year of fee payment: 17 |
|
PGFP | Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: FR Payment date: 20231122 Year of fee payment: 17 Ref country code: DE Payment date: 20231121 Year of fee payment: 17 |