EP2076636A1

EP2076636A1 - Method and mounting of a building framing for individual or collective housing

Info

Publication number: EP2076636A1
Application number: EP07821119A
Authority: EP
Inventors: Claude Dore
Original assignee: Innov Process Industrie
Current assignee: Innov Process Industrie
Priority date: 2006-10-11
Filing date: 2007-10-10
Publication date: 2009-07-08
Also published as: FR2907147A1; WO2008043778A1; FR2907147B1

Abstract

The invention relates to a method for implementing a building framing particularly intended for individual or collective housing. According to the invention, the method comprises the following steps: - a step for assembling (11) on the ground a portion of said framing defining a carrier structure for a roofing of said building; a first attachment step (12) for attaching, on the ground, a first end of at least one pole (331, 332, 333, 334; 53, 54) with said carrier structure while allowing for an articulation of said pole (331, 332, 333, 334; 53, 54) with said carrier structure in order to form at least one displaceable portion in said framing; a lifting step (13) of said portion of said framing; a second attachment step (14) for attaching to a foundation member (39) of said building a second end of said pole or poles (331, 332, 333, 334; 53, 54).

Description

Method of mounting a building framework for individual or collective housing.

1. Field of the invention

The field of the invention is that of the construction of buildings, including residential buildings, such as, for example, a single-family house or a small apartment building of up to one floor. The invention can also be implemented for other types of building, for example industrial.

More specifically, the invention relates to the implementation of the framework of such a building.

In the context of the present invention, the expression "implementation of a framework" is understood to mean a set of operations relating in particular to its assembly and to its installation, and in particular to the specific assembly operations necessary for the implementation in place of the frame. 2. Prior Art

2.1. Context

Safety and the corresponding current developments in the regulatory and legislative context in the construction sector tend to generalize and / or encourage the use of building elements whose characteristics are well known and / or certified, for example prefabricated elements brought or developed on site.

In addition, there has recently been an increase in the cost of building materials and equipment.

In this context, we understand that the actors in the field are led to consider alternative implementation techniques to traditional construction techniques to reduce the cost of building a building.

2.2. Presentation of the techniques of the prior art and their disadvantages In the context of a traditional construction, it is conventional to install the supporting structural elements, such as for example posts and / or walls, and the slabs of the floors of the building before laying the roof structure and the cover covering. A first disadvantage of this known traditional construction technique is that it is necessary to use scaffolding and / or lifting devices, such as for example a crane or a forklift, for laying the roof elements.

Another disadvantage of these known techniques is that interventions performed at height are difficult, and that the risks of an accident occur are greater than the ground.

As a result, construction techniques have been proposed for a building for which the roofing elements are assembled and laid on the ground, before raising it with lifting means to put it down. at the top of the building.

A first disadvantage of this technique is the difficulty of placing the roof accurately on the location provided for this purpose.

Another disadvantage of this method is the risk of damaging the structure and / or the roof by moving it, especially if it covers a large area and can therefore be easily destabilized during lifting, for example under the effect the wind.

In a variant of this technique, described in document FR 2 515 160, the roof assembled on the ground is lifted by means of jacks placed at the corners of the building being built in order to set up and / or pour or mount poles. porters and external walls of the building.

A first disadvantage of this technique is the cost of immobilizing and / or renting such cylinders.

Another disadvantage of this technique is the time spent setting up these jacks and its complexity. 3. Objectives of the invention The invention particularly aims to overcome these disadvantages of the prior art.

More specifically, the invention aims to provide a technique that reduces the implementation time of the frame of a building. Another object of the invention is to provide such a technique which allows an assembly of the roof on the ground.

Yet another object of the invention is to provide such a technique which is simple and inexpensive.

4. Objective of the invention These objectives, as well as others that will appear later, are achieved by using a method of implementing a building structure intended in particular for individual or collective housing. .

According to the invention, such a method comprises the following steps: a step of assembly on the ground of a portion of said frame forming a structure carrying a cover of said building;

- A first step of securing to the ground of a first end of at least one pole with said support structure allowing articulation of said post with said supporting structure, so as to form at least a movable portion of said frame;

a step of lifting said part of said framework; a second step of securing to a foundation element of said building at a second end of said post or poles. Thus, the assembly and fastening operations of the components of the building frame are advantageously carried out at ground level, which reduces the duration of the construction, including by eliminating the time of installation of scaffolding, and reduces the risk of accidents. On the other hand, the construction equipment needed on the construction site during the implementation phase of the framework is mainly limited to lifting equipment. In a particularly advantageous embodiment of the invention, said assembly step comprises a step of mounting a frame from at least three beams.

Thus, it is possible to build buildings whose roof is triangular, rectangular, "L" or more complex.

Advantageously, at least one of said three beams comprises at least one of the elements belonging to the group comprising at least: metallic element; wooden element; - concrete element.

Thus, the method makes it possible to use any type of construction beam, and, where appropriate, to use a combination of several materials in the implementation of the frame.

Preferably, said assembly step further comprises a step of fixing at least two trusses to said frame so as to form said carrier structure.

Thus, the supporting structure of the cover can be assembled at ground level which simplifies the construction procedure.

In a preferred embodiment of the invention, said trusses are spaced apart by a distance of less than or equal to 60 centimeters in order to participate in reinforcing the rigidity of said frame, in particular during said lifting step.

Thus, by increasing the density of the farm compared with a traditional construction technique, self-stable trusses can be employed which contribute to the rigidity of the frame.

Preferably, said mounting step comprises a step of bracing said frame.

Thus, it limits the deformation and the accumulation of stresses within the frame, which can be detrimental especially during the lifting step of the movable part of the frame. According to an advantageous aspect, said adjacent beams of said frame forming at least three interior angles thereof, said step of bracing comprises a step of joining in at least two of said three angles of at least one bar between two of said adjacent beams forming one of said three angles in a direction inclined relative to the directions of the latter.

Thus, it limits the number of bars needed for bracing.

In at least one particular embodiment of the invention, said lifting step comprises a step of hooking at least four ropes on said frame. Thus, by hanging on the rigid frame, it limits the risk of buckling when lifting the frame portion.

In at least one other particular embodiment of the invention, said lifting step comprises a step of vertical pushing upwards of at least one jack on said frame. Thus, in this alternative embodiment, the rigidity of the frame allows the use of a jack for lifting the movable part of the frame.

Advantageously, said second step of joining comprises a step of adjusting the plumb with said posts.

Thus, we position the posts accurately. According to an advantageous aspect of the invention, said assembly step comprises a step of laying said cover on said supporting structure.

Thus, the cover can be placed on the ground, which simplifies this operation and reduces the risk of accident for a roofer.

The invention also relates to a method of constructing a building intended in particular for housing comprising at least one stage of implementation of a frame comprising the following steps:

- A step of assembly on the ground of a portion of said frame forming a structure carrying a cover of said building;

a first step of securing to the ground a first end of at least one post with said supporting structure allowing articulation of said post with said supporting structure, so as to form at least a movable portion of said frame; a step of lifting said portion of said frame; a second step of securing to a foundation element of said building at a second end of said post or posts; and a step of laying at least one cladding element of an outer wall of said building without securing said cladding element to said framework.

The invention also relates to a building structure implemented by performing the steps of one of the methods described above, and a residential building comprising such a frame. 5. List of figures

Other features and advantages of the invention will emerge more clearly on reading the following description of preferred embodiments, given as simple illustrative and non-limiting examples, and the appended drawings, among which: FIG. embodiment of a method for implementing a building frame according to the invention in the form of a block diagram; - Figure 2A illustrates a top view of the detail of the frame and elements participating in its bracing; FIG. 2B is a perspective view of the frame shown in FIG. 2 on which a covering supporting structure is based; Figures 3A to 3C illustrate successive phases of lifting the movable portion of the frame shown in Figure 2A and 2B, and a view of a pinion; FIGS. 4A to 4C are detailed views illustrating the joining (see FIGS. 4A and 4B) and the fixing (FIG. 4C) of the first end of a corner post to the frame shown in FIG. 2A; Figure 5 illustrates a frame of a building having been implemented in another particular embodiment of the invention. 6. Detailed description of an embodiment of the invention

6.1. Principle of the invention The invention is therefore based on a new and original approach to the construction of the frame of a building including assembling the supporting structure and at least one corner post on the ground before lifting this assembly, which is accompanied by straightening or poles, by pivoting, and fix it or these to a foundation element. 6.2. First example of an embodiment of the invention

Referring to Figure 1, there is presented in block diagram form an embodiment of a method according to the invention implementation of the frame of a single-storey house with slate cover occupying the ground a rectangular area of 5.5 meters x 8.4 meters. This surface is of course given as a simple example, as well as the other dimensions specified later.

In a first step 11, the supporting structure of the cover intended to form part of the frame of the house is assembled on the ground. Step 11 comprises the four steps 111 to 114 described hereinafter. In a step 111, the mounting of a rectangular frame consists in this embodiment of four metal profiles in "I", also called beams, welded (e) s two by two at their ends. Two of these profiles have a length of 8.4 meters and two others a length of 5.1 meters. Note that to facilitate the mounting of this frame, the frame is resting on rafters that will be removed later.

Then, in a step 112, the frame against the frame in its own plane and in particular is secured in a first step 1121 in three interior corners of the frame, by bolting on gussets or brackets welded to the frame of the bars of length substantially equal to 3.8 meters with a direction inclined 45 ° relative to the direction of beams forming each of these three interior angles. In a second step 1122 of bracing, is fixed substantially in the plane of the frame:

- two cross members in the longitudinal direction, substantially one third of the width of the frame; - a central crossbar in the width direction at mid-distance of the beams delimiting the width of the frame; and five additional bracing bars.

An assembly plan of these bracing elements is specified in more detail in the following description of this embodiment, in connection with Figure 2A.

In a next step 113, fifteen triangulated trusses are attached to this frame in the width direction to participate in the reinforcement of the latter, in a substantially regular spacing of a pitch of sixty centimeters. A ridge tip is then attached to connect the tops of the farms. An intermediate failure is also assembled on each side of the load bearing structure with rafters on the trusses. In a step 114, slates are placed on horizontal battens previously secured between two consecutive housings.

In a step 12 following the assembly step 11, eight posts are each secured by a hinge in rotation, for example of the dowel type, with a tab welded to one of the beams of greater extension of the frame. It should be noted that the axis of these joints can advantageously be oriented in a direction substantially perpendicular to the axis of the beam to which it is secured so as to prevent them from interfering during the lifting step 13 .

Then, during a step 131 of this lifting step 13, two pairs of strands are hooked in a substantially symmetrical distribution on the beams of the frame of the displaceable part of the frame obtained at the end of step 12, to lift this part of the frame with a crane. In a variant of this embodiment, a rudder can be used with the crane during the step of lifting a part of the frame whose frame is of more complex shape, and for example if it has a shape in "L".

During the vertical displacement of the portion of the frame, each first end of a post secured to the frame initially placed at ground level will pivot gradually, the second end of the pole remained in contact with the building foundations sliding on them. to allow this pole to take a substantially vertical position.

In a second securing step 14, the second end of each post is secured to a rotational articulation member cast with the floor slab of the house.

In a variant of this embodiment, it may be envisaged to fix each second end of the pole on a metal base provided for this purpose in the floor slab. After adjusting the plumb of a post with a jack, the joints with the first and second ends of each post are blocked by inserting a pin fitted through each joint and the corresponding end of this post so as to immobilize it in a vertical position.

In order to complete the framework of the house, then in a complementary step 15, bracing bars are installed, making it possible to connect the ends of two consecutive distinct posts and / or a beam of the frame and one end of a post and / or an end of a pole and a tab attached to the floor slab and / or a beam and a tab attached to the floor slab.

This framework can then be dressed, for example by wooden cladding walls, or non-load bearing walls made of brick, light concrete, cinder block, or stone.

FIG. 2A shows in a view from above the bracing placed in the plane of the frame 23 during the step 112.

The beams 21 and 22 of the frame 23 are obtained in this embodiment by cutting a section length hollow section section type rectangular steel and are assembled by welding. The main bars 24 and additional bracing 25 are formed of "L" angles and assembled to the beams 21 and 22, or between them, by bolting on gussets 26 provided for this purpose. On the other hand, two transverse crosspieces 27 and a longitudinal cross member 28 have been provided with regard to the value of the building spans, the latter also contributing to the reinforcement of the frame 23, in particular with respect to the buckling risks that may be present. occur while traveling.

Furthermore, there is shown such a frame 23 on which was fixed, in step 113, a bearing carrier structure 29 comprising in particular fifteen housings 210, with reference to Figure 2B.

FIGS. 3A to 3C illustrate the displacement of the articulated columns to the supporting structure during the lifting step 13 and the second step of securing to a foundation element 14, according to a view of a pinion of the part of frame of the house. After assembly of the displaceable part of the framework 31 on the ground and securing of the posts by their first end to the covering supporting structure (see FIG. 3A), four hoisting ropes 32 are hung on the beams 21 to lift with a Crochet hook 36 of this part of the frame. With reference to FIG. 3B, an evolution of the position of such a part of the frame being lifted is presented, the successive intermediate positions of the corner posts 331, 332, and the intermediate posts 333, 334 being shown. using dashed lines. When lifting, the posts 331, 332, 333, 334 secured to a beam 22 are thus straightened by pivoting about the axes 341, 342, 343, 344, their second end 351, 352, 353, 354 sliding on the slab of the house, until a final position of the frame part (see Figure 3C). The first and second ends of the posts 331, 332, 333, 334 are then secured respectively to the beam 22 and to the foundation slab 39 in this final position and the bars of vertical bracing 38, 37 are affixed to complete the framework, as shown in Figure 3C.

In the embodiment of the invention described above, the fastening on the frame of the first end of a pole, and for example of a corner post 331 as illustrated by FIGS. 4A and 4B, is set implemented by coinciding (see Figure 4A) the axis of the drilling hole 41 through the pole 331 with the pivot axis 341 provided on the tab 42 for securing and fixing the pole 331 to the frame 23, and (see 4B) by assembling the post 331 to the tab 42 by means of a stud 43. After lifting the frame part and placing the post 331 in a final vertical position, for example with the aid of FIG. a jack, a fixing bolt is introduced into a passage through the plates 421, 422 of the tab 42 and the post 331 whose axis 44 is offset relative to the axis 341, and its nut is tightened to embed the Post 331 with frame 23. 6.3. Another exemplary embodiment of the invention applied to the construction of a building with mixed frame of metal and reinforced concrete and wooden roof structure.

Another example of a particular embodiment of the invention is described below for the construction of a single-family house, or a small collective on one level (R) or on one floor (R + 1), mixed framework of metal and reinforced concrete.

It is recalled that more generally the invention can be applied:

- in the context of the construction of single-family houses and small prefabricated collectives, on one level or one-storey (R + 1), particularly in zones with seismic risk; and or

- in the context of the production of works chosen on catalog or made to measure (that is to say from specific plans of consulting firms and / or architects);

- whatever the nature of the materials used for roofing and wall cladding. In this embodiment, a metal portion of the frame is assembled on the ground after laying on the ground thereon a timber frame and the cover. According to the invention, the structural assembly thus formed by the frame portion, the frame and the cover is then raised, the prefabricated reinforced concrete columns, each rotating on a bolt to assemble by stud on the lower fixation paste of a framework of the frame, also called chaining by abuse of language. Each pole is thus found vertically after lifting, by the simple phenomenon of weightlessness. The second end of these poles is finally formed on the ground by resumption of concreting at a reservation of the slab at which it was intended to overlap steels beyond the second end of the beam and the slab .

It is recalled that it is conventional to use a framework device comprising reinforced concrete poles or metal poles for a house or a small collective, but that traditionally it is assembled at the height of work, the implementation implementation of such a conventional framework device has the disadvantages in particular: to oblige to implement material means preparatory to the site: scaffolding, nacelles, hoists ...; - significant implementation time: related to the installation of installation equipment, and the loss of efficiency due to work at height; risks of accidents at work caused by work done at height.

In order to overcome these disadvantages, it is proposed in this particular embodiment of the invention a metal frame, illustrated with reference to Figure 5, comprising:

a peripheral chaining of the construction, or frame 51, consisting of an assembly of steel hollow profile beams constituting the supporting structure of the roof structure (not shown) and supported by corner posts 53 and prefabricated intermediate columns 54 of reinforced concrete whose section differs;

- Fastening lugs 55 of the frame and tabs for securing and securing the posts 56 welded respectively to the upper face and the lower face of the frame 51. against the vertical winding bars 57 and horizontal 58 whose ends are bolted on gussets 59 welded to the posts 53, 54 and / or the frame 51, so as to avoid the deformation of the frame and / or the frame during the lifting of the movable part of the frame;

- frame reinforcements 510 HEA type dimensioned according to the ranges, and used for single-storey and single-storey structures (R + 1) or greater than 7 meters wide.

It should be noted that the metal elements of the frame are manufactured in the workshop, the brackets of the frame 55 and the securing tabs and fixing the posts 56 on the frame being pierced and welded on the peripheral chaining in accordance with rules in force, to be then transported to the site.

On the site, the operators assemble the chaining 51, or frame, on the ground with the elements against winding 58, 510. They then wedge the peripheral chaining 51 on the concrete slab of the building and present the posts 53, 54 in their housing provided in the legs 56 to secure them to the frame with a suitable stud (which will serve as axis of rotation at the time of lifting). They then pose the frame (not shown) on the chaining 51, and cover it on the ground, for example with tiles.

Once these operations have been completed, the progressive lifting operation is carried out in one go of the assembly consisting of metal or reinforced concrete elements of the framework, the framework, a skylight, a roof, a chimney, gutters and edge strips, using a crane allowing the lifting of this set, whose mass can for example reach more than 4 tons. Poles 53, 54 reinforced concrete are then joined by a resumption of concreting operation with the concrete floor slab of the building.

The walls are then dressed, this operation being advantageously carried out at the height of the man. If necessary, this dressing operation can be carried out so as to separate the walls of the frame of the building, also called primary frame, so as to meet seismic standards.

From the example of a particular embodiment of the invention described here, it will therefore be apparent to those skilled in the art that the implementation of the invention has many advantages, and in particular: The work is reduced because, on the one hand, there is no preparatory phase for the worksite, and, on the other hand, all the framing and roofing operations are carried out on the ground; the material means are reduced in particular to a crane and tightening wrenches; the risks of accidents at work are reduced by the work on the ground. 6.4. Other features and advantages of the invention The present invention is of course not limited to the embodiments which have just been described. On the contrary, many variants can be envisaged, and in particular the lifting of the movable part of the frame can be achieved by means of jacks or racks lifting the frame of the supporting structure cover.

On the other hand, the invention also relates to a building frame or a building of which a movable part of the frame is in particular assembled on the ground and hingedly attached to a first end of one or more posts intended to support the structure. bearing structure of this building, then lifted, and a second end of or poles is then secured to a foundation element, such as for example a floor slab of the building.

Claims

1. A method of implementing a building frame intended in particular for individual or collective housing, characterized in that it comprises the following steps: - a step of assembly (11) on the ground of a portion of said framework forming a structure carrying a cover of said building; a first step of securing (12) to the ground of a first end of at least one post (331, 332, 333, 334; 53, 54) with said supporting structure allowing articulation of said post (331, 332, 333, 334; 53, 54) with said supporting structure, so as to form at least a displaceable part of said framework; a step of lifting (13) said portion of said frame;

a second step of securing (14) to a foundation element (39) of said building of a second end of said one or more posts (331, 332, 333, 334; 53, 54).

2. Method according to claim 1, characterized in that said assembly step (11) comprises a step (111) of mounting a frame (23; 51) from at least three beams (21, 22). .

3. Method according to claim 2, characterized in that at least one of said three beams (21, 22) comprises at least one of the elements belonging to the group comprising at least: metal element;

- wooden element; concrete element.

4. Method according to one of claims 2 and 3, characterized in that said assembly step (11) further comprises a step of fixing (113) at least two trusses (210) to said frame (23; ) so as to form said carrier structure.

5. Method according to claim 4, characterized in that said trusses (210) are spaced a distance of less than or equal to 60 centimeters in order to participate in reinforcing the rigidity of said frame (23; 51), especially during said lifting step (13).

6. Method according to any one of claims 2 to 5, characterized in that said mounting step (111) comprises a step against winding (112) of said frame (23; 51).

7. Method according to claim 6, characterized in that, said adjacent beams of said frame (23; 51) forming at least three interior angles thereof, said step of bracing (112) comprises a step of joining (1121) in the at least two of said three angles of at least one bar (24, 25) between two of said adjacent beams forming one of said three angles in a direction inclined with respect to the directions thereof.

8. Method according to any one of claims 2 to 7, characterized in that said lifting step (13) comprises a step of attachment (131) of at least four ropes (32) on said frame (23).

9. Method according to any one of claims 2 to 7, characterized in that said lifting step (13) comprises a step of vertical pushing upwards of at least one jack on said frame (23; 51).

10. Method according to any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that said second securing step (14) comprises a step of adjusting the plumb of said posts (331, 332, 333, 334; 53, 54 ).

11. Method according to one of claims 1 to 10, characterized in that said assembly step (11) comprises a step of laying (114) said cover on said supporting structure.

12. A method of constructing a building intended especially for housing, characterized in that it comprises at least one stage of implementation of a frame comprising the following steps:

- A step of assembly (11) on the ground of a portion of said frame forming a structure carrying a cover of said building;

a first step of securing (12) to the ground of a first end of at least one pole (331, 332, 333, 334, 53, 54) with said carrier structure allowing articulation of said post (331, 332, 333, 334, 53, 54) with said supporting structure, so as to form at least a movable portion of said frame; a step of lifting (13) said portion of said frame; a second step of securing (14) to a foundation element (39) of said building of a second end of said one or more posts (331, 332, 333, 334; 53, 54); and a step of laying at least one cladding element of an outer wall of said building without securing said cladding element to said framework.

13. Residential building comprising a frame, characterized in that said frame is implemented by performing the steps of the method according to at least one of claims 1 to 12.

14. Building frame, characterized in that it is implemented by performing the steps of the method according to at least one of claims 1 to 12.