EP2075429B1 - Moteur et ensemble de tubulure d'échappement - Google Patents

Moteur et ensemble de tubulure d'échappement Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2075429B1
EP2075429B1 EP20080169335 EP08169335A EP2075429B1 EP 2075429 B1 EP2075429 B1 EP 2075429B1 EP 20080169335 EP20080169335 EP 20080169335 EP 08169335 A EP08169335 A EP 08169335A EP 2075429 B1 EP2075429 B1 EP 2075429B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
flange
manifold
spacer
engine
exhaust
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
EP20080169335
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP2075429A1 (fr
Inventor
Stuart Morrison
Rob Mitchell
Vince Mike
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Jaguar Land Rover Ltd
Ford Global Technologies LLC
Original Assignee
Jaguar Cars Ltd
Ford Global Technologies LLC
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Jaguar Cars Ltd, Ford Global Technologies LLC filed Critical Jaguar Cars Ltd
Publication of EP2075429A1 publication Critical patent/EP2075429A1/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP2075429B1 publication Critical patent/EP2075429B1/fr
Ceased legal-status Critical Current
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N13/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus characterised by constructional features ; Exhaust or silencing apparatus, or parts thereof, having pertinent characteristics not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F01N1/00 - F01N5/00, F01N9/00, F01N11/00
    • F01N13/18—Construction facilitating manufacture, assembly, or disassembly
    • F01N13/1805—Fixing exhaust manifolds, exhaust pipes or pipe sections to each other, to engine or to vehicle body
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N13/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus characterised by constructional features ; Exhaust or silencing apparatus, or parts thereof, having pertinent characteristics not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F01N1/00 - F01N5/00, F01N9/00, F01N11/00
    • F01N13/08—Other arrangements or adaptations of exhaust conduits
    • F01N13/10—Other arrangements or adaptations of exhaust conduits of exhaust manifolds
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N13/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus characterised by constructional features ; Exhaust or silencing apparatus, or parts thereof, having pertinent characteristics not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F01N1/00 - F01N5/00, F01N9/00, F01N11/00
    • F01N13/18—Construction facilitating manufacture, assembly, or disassembly
    • F01N13/1805—Fixing exhaust manifolds, exhaust pipes or pipe sections to each other, to engine or to vehicle body
    • F01N13/1811—Fixing exhaust manifolds, exhaust pipes or pipe sections to each other, to engine or to vehicle body with means permitting relative movement, e.g. compensation of thermal expansion or vibration
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N13/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus characterised by constructional features ; Exhaust or silencing apparatus, or parts thereof, having pertinent characteristics not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F01N1/00 - F01N5/00, F01N9/00, F01N11/00
    • F01N13/18—Construction facilitating manufacture, assembly, or disassembly
    • F01N13/1838—Construction facilitating manufacture, assembly, or disassembly characterised by the type of connection between parts of exhaust or silencing apparatus, e.g. between housing and tubes, between tubes and baffles
    • F01N13/1844—Mechanical joints
    • F01N13/1855—Mechanical joints the connection being realised by using bolts, screws, rivets or the like
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N2450/00—Methods or apparatus for fitting, inserting or repairing different elements
    • F01N2450/24—Methods or apparatus for fitting, inserting or repairing different elements by bolts, screws, rivets or the like

Definitions

  • the invention relates to internal combustion engines and in particular to an exhaust manifold for such an engine.
  • the engine includes a cylinder head or other engine component having a number of exhaust ports for the passage of hot gases from the engine and the exhaust manifold comprises a metal housing defining a number of exhaust passageways.
  • the exhaust manifold is joined to the cylinder head so that each of the exhaust passageways corresponds to a respective one of a number of exhaust ports from the engine.
  • the manifold is joined to the cylinder head by a flange on the manifold secured to the engine by threaded fasteners such as bolts or studs and nuts.
  • a gasket is provided to seal between the cylinder head and the flange.
  • a disadvantage of this arrangement is that in use the exhaust manifold becomes very much hotter than the cylinder head and, if the threaded fasteners securing the manifold to the cylinder head are relatively tight, the thermal expansion of the exhaust manifold is restricted. While there is usually some slippage at the manifold to cylinder head face joint under the resulting compressive loading, the friction at this joint can remain quite considerable and at high temperatures, i.e. at very high engine loads, the material of the exhaust manifold can plastically deform or creep under compression.
  • FR 2 575 788 discloses an exhaust manifold assembly according to the preamble of claim 1.
  • an internal combustion engine and exhaust manifold assembly comprising an engine having a cylinder head, a cylinder block having at least two cylinders arranged in line and an exhaust port for each cylinder, an exhaust manifold having a mounting flange including a flange face for interfacing with a corresponding head face on the cylinder head and threaded fasteners attaching the manifold to the engine at the flange face, wherein the mounting flange is formed as a number of discrete flange sections, each flange section corresponding to a respective exhaust port of the engine and being separated from an adjacent flange section by a gap, characterised in that a respective spacer block is held in each gap by a respective one of the threaded fasteners (25), the arrangement being such that, in use, the exhaust manifold is restrained by the fasteners from thermal expansion at the mounting flange but thermal contraction causes one flange section to thrust on the adjacent flange section through the spacer block
  • Each spacer block may be formed as part of a tubular spacer, each tubular spacer having a bore through which a corresponding one of the threaded fasteners extends.
  • Each spacer block may be formed integrally with a tubular spacer.
  • Each spacer block may be formed by sintering.
  • Each of the gaps between the flange sections may be a parallel sided gap.
  • a method of manufacturing an internal combustion engine and exhaust manifold assembly comprising supplying an engine having a cylinder head, a cylinder block having at least two cylinders arranged in line and an exhaust port for each cylinder, supplying an exhaust manifold having a single mounting flange characterised in that the method comprises creating a number of gaps in the mounting flange each gap being at a position between adjacent exhaust ports so that the mounting flange has discrete flange sections and each flange section corresponds to a respective exhaust port, producing a spacer block for each gap, inserting the spacer blocks into the gaps so as to substantially fill the gaps and attaching the manifold and the spacer blocks to the engine by means of a number of threaded fasteners.
  • the method may further comprise attaching each mounting flange to the engine by the use of two or more threaded fasteners.
  • the method may further comprise forming each spacer block as part of a tubular spacer having a bore through which in use a corresponding threaded fastener extends to secure the manifold to the cylinder head.
  • Each spacer block may be formed integrally with the tubular spacer.
  • the method may further comprise forming each spacer block by sintering.
  • Creating a number of gaps may comprise one of cutting and machining the manifold flange to form the gaps.
  • Each gap may be a parallel sided gap.
  • An internal combustion engine has a cylinder head 11 secured to a cylinder block 12 having four cylinders 21 arranged in line of which only one is shown.
  • a piston is slideably restrained for reciprocating motion within each of the cylinders 21 as is well known in the art.
  • the cylinder head 11 incorporates an inlet port 13 and an exhaust port 14 for each cylinder 21, together with the usual inlet valves 15 and exhaust valves 16. While there are typically two inlet valves and two exhaust valves for each cylinder 21, the exhaust ports 14 are siamesed so that exhaust gas flow past the two exhaust valves flows out of the one exhaust port.
  • An exhaust manifold 17 is attached to the cylinder head 11 by a mounting flange 19 using threaded fasteners in the form of set bolts 25 and a gasket 22 is provided to seal between a head face 18 on the cylinder head 11 and a flange face 20 on the mounting flange 19.
  • the exhaust manifold 17 is machined from a casting, typically a high SiMo cast iron, this being a ductile cast iron with a relatively high silicon and molybdenum content.
  • the exhaust manifold 17 ducts the exhaust gas displaced by a piston 23 slideable in each cylinder 21 past the exhaust valve 16 and out of the exhaust port 14.
  • the cylinder head 11 is cooled by a water based coolant circulated through coolant passages 24.
  • the gas from each exhaust port 14 is ducted by the exhaust manifold 17 through arcuate pipe sections 30 and an end pipe section 32 to an exhaust outlet port 27 where an exhaust pipe connector flange 28 is provided to allow the connection of an exhaust pipe or a close coupled catalyst assembly (not shown).
  • a tapping 29 is provided for mounting a sensor, e.g. a lambda sensor.
  • the threaded holes 35 may be initially formed as blind drillings and the threads may be formed during the first insertion of the set bolts 25, these being a thread forming type having a threaded portion 36 with a tri-lobular cross-section and a plain shank 38 adjacent the cap head 26.
  • Such bolts are commercially available, e.g. as sold under the Taptite trade mark.
  • the mounting flange 19 is interrupted by three parallel sided gaps 31, one each between the exhaust ports 14 of adjacent cylinders 21, so that for each exhaust port 14 there is separate discrete flange section 19A, 19B, 19C or 19D.
  • the mounting flange 19 is formed as one and the gaps 31 are formed by machining (e.g. milling).
  • the first type is a plain tubular spacer 37 ( Fig.5 ) having a cylindrical outer surface and a stepped bore and the second type is a dual function spacer 39 which has a stepped bore 41 ( Fig.6 ) similar to the stepped bore of the plain spacer 37, a part cylindrical outer surface 45 and an offset lug 43 which extends beyond an end face 46 which abuts the manifold mounting flange 19, the lug having parallel faces which are perpendicular to the end face 46.
  • Each stepped bore comprises a short small diameter portion 47 adjacent to an end face 42 opposite the eng face 46 where the cap head 26 of the set bolt 25 abuts and a longer large diameter portion 48 which provides a large clearance around the shank 38 of the set bolt 25.
  • the manifold mounting flange 19 has a corresponding hole 33, most of which are of a similar diameter to give a corresponding large clearance.
  • one of the holes 33A between the middle two of the cylinders 21 is of a smaller diameter to provide a location for the manifold 17 on the cylinder head 11 while another of the holes 33B is oval to give an angular location but still allow for expansion and contraction of the manifold.
  • each dual function spacer 39 is arranged so that its lug 43 extends into the corresponding gap 31 to abut the adjacent sides of the flange sections 19A, 19B, 19C, 19D.
  • the dual function spacers 39 are manufactured so that each lug 43 is an easy push fit into the respective gap 31.
  • the dual function spacers 39 are preferably made by sintering, e.g. using steel, while the mounting flange 19 can be machined by a milling cutter of the required width to produce the gaps 31.
  • the exhaust manifold 17 becomes very much hotter than the cylinder head 11, the head being cooled by the coolant in the coolant passages 24.
  • the set bolts 25 are tightened to an extent where the gasket 22 is effective to seal exhaust gases but where some slippage along the head face 18 and flange face 20 is allowed due to the thermal expansion of the manifold 17. This is helped by careful selection of the gasket material, e.g. molybdenum coated.
  • Each of the lugs 43 then acts as a spacer block so that the expansion of one flange section 19A, 19B, 19C, 19D thrusts on the adjacent flange section through the lugs and prevents or limits contraction at the flange face 20.
  • the arcuate pipe sections 30 can deform elastically to balance the compressive loading at the flange sections 19A, 19B, 19C, 19D, the material of the manifold having regained its mechanical properties at the lower temperatures.
  • the thermal expansion at the arcuate pipe sections 30 initially acts to reduce the elastic forces locked in when the manifold cooled so that the loading under thermal expansion is considerably reduced and further plastic deformation may not occur.
  • the dual function spacer 39 is the preferred means of providing a spacer block to fill the gaps 31 between the flange sections 19A, 19B, 19D or 19D
  • the gaps 31 could be made quite narrow, e.g. as formed by a slitting saw or a laser and the gap filled by a down-turned tab of a tab washer inserted between one of the tubular spacers and the manifold or, particularly if the tubular spacers are omitted, under the head of the threaded fastener.
  • such a washer could have lugs which hold a separate solid spacer block in place in the gap.
  • the invention has been described in detail with respect to a engine having four cylinders, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that it is equally applicable to engines having two, three, five or more cylinders in line and to 'V' or horizontally opposed engines with banks of cylinders in line.
  • the exhaust manifold may be manufactured so that in its "as cast" or otherwise initially manufactured condition there are two or more mounting flanges and the gaps in the mounting flanges are machined between adjacent pipe sections as previously described.
  • the invention is also applicable to manifolds made by fabrication where pipe sections are attached to a flange plate, e.g. by welding.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Exhaust Silencers (AREA)

Claims (12)

  1. Ensemble de moteur à combustion interne et de collecteur d'échappement, l'ensemble comprenant un moteur ayant une culasse (11), un bloc-cylindres (12) ayant au moins deux cylindres (21) agencés en ligne et un orifice d'échappement (14) pour chaque cylindre (21), un collecteur d'échappement (17) ayant une bride de montage (19) incluant une face de bride (20) pour réaliser l'interface avec une face de culasse correspondante (18) sur la culasse (11), et des attaches filetées (25) fixant le collecteur (17) au moteur au niveau de la face de bride (20), la bride de montage (19) étant formée sous forme d'une pluralité de sections de bride discrètes (19A, 19B, 19C, 19D), chaque section de bride (19A, 19B, 19C, 19D) correspondant à un orifice d'échappement respectif (14) du moteur et étant séparée d'une section de bride adjacente (19A, 19B, 19C, 19D) par un espace (31), caractérisé en ce qu'un bloc d'espacement respectif (43) est retenu dans chaque espace (31) par l'une respective des attaches filetées (25), l'agencement étant tel que pendant l'utilisation, le collecteur d'échappement (17) soit retenu par les attaches (25) de manière à empêcher sa dilatation thermique au niveau de la bride de montage (19) mais que la contraction thermique presse une section de bride (19A, 19B, 19C, 19D) contre la section de bride adjacente (19A, 19B, 19C, 19D) par le biais du bloc d'espacement (43).
  2. Ensemble selon la revendication 1, dans lequel chaque bloc d'espacement (43) est formé en tant que partie d'un élément d'espacement tubulaire (39), chaque élément d'espacement tubulaire (39) ayant un alésage (47, 48) à travers lequel s'étend une attache correspondante des attaches filetées (25).
  3. Ensemble selon la revendication 2, dans lequel chaque bloc d'espacement (43) est formé intégralement avec un élément d'espacement tubulaire (39).
  4. Ensemble selon la revendication 3, dans lequel chaque bloc d'espacement (43) est formé par frittage.
  5. Ensemble selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 4, dans lequel chacun des espaces (31) entre les sections de bride (19A, 19B, 19C, 19D) est un espace à côtés parallèles.
  6. Procédé de fabrication d'un ensemble de moteur à combustion interne et de collecteur d'échappement, comprenant la fourniture d'un moteur ayant une culasse (11), un bloc-cylindres (12) ayant au moins deux cylindres (21) agencés en ligne et un orifice d'échappement (14) pour chaque cylindre (21), la fourniture d'un collecteur d'échappement (17) ayant une seule bride de montage (19), caractérisé en ce que le procédé comprend la création d'une pluralité d'espaces (31) dans la bride de montage (19), chaque espace (31) étant à une position entre des orifices d'échappement adjacents (14) de telle sorte que la bride de montage (19) ait des sections de bride discrètes (19A, 19B, 19C, 19D) et que chaque section de bride (19A, 19B, 19C, 19D) corresponde à un orifice d'échappement respectif (14), la production d'un bloc d'espacement (43) pour chaque espace (31), l'insertion des blocs d'espacement (43) dans les espaces (31) de manière à remplir substantiellement les espaces (31) et la fixation du collecteur (17) et des blocs d'espacement (43) au moteur au moyen d'une pluralité d'attaches filetées.
  7. Procédé selon la revendication 6, dans lequel le procédé comprend en outre la fixation de chaque bride de montage (19A, 19B, 19C, 19D) sur le moteur en utilisant au moins deux attaches filetées (25).
  8. Procédé selon la revendication 6 ou 7, dans lequel le procédé comprend en outre la formation de chaque bloc d'espacement (43) en tant que partie d'un élément d'espacement tubulaire (39) ayant un alésage (47, 48), à travers lequel, pendant l'utilisation, une attache filetée correspondante (25) s'étend de manière à fixer le collecteur (17) à la culasse (11).
  9. Procédé selon la revendication 8, dans lequel chaque bloc d'espacement (43) est formé intégralement avec l'élément d'espacement tubulaire (39).
  10. Procédé selon la revendication 8 ou 9, dans lequel le procédé peut en outre comprendre la formation de chaque bloc d'espacement (43) par frittage.
  11. Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications 6 à 10, dans lequel la création d'une pluralité d'espaces (31) comprend une opération parmi le découpage et l'usinage de la bride de collecteur (19) pour former les espaces (31).
  12. Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications 6 à 11, dans lequel chaque espace (31) est un espace à côtés parallèles.
EP20080169335 2007-11-26 2008-11-18 Moteur et ensemble de tubulure d'échappement Ceased EP2075429B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
GB0723055A GB2454927A (en) 2007-11-26 2007-11-26 Engine and exhaust manifold assembly

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP2075429A1 EP2075429A1 (fr) 2009-07-01
EP2075429B1 true EP2075429B1 (fr) 2012-05-23

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Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP20080169335 Ceased EP2075429B1 (fr) 2007-11-26 2008-11-18 Moteur et ensemble de tubulure d'échappement

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EP (1) EP2075429B1 (fr)
GB (1) GB2454927A (fr)

Families Citing this family (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102011009686A1 (de) * 2011-01-28 2012-08-02 Volkswagen Ag Befestigungsverbund
CN113803147A (zh) * 2021-10-27 2021-12-17 江西樟树市福铃内燃机配件有限公司 一种稳定型管路式排气岐管

Family Cites Families (11)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CH598482A5 (fr) * 1976-10-14 1978-04-28 Saurer Ag Adolph
JPS5427620A (en) 1977-08-01 1979-03-01 Toyota Motor Corp Installing configuration of exhaust manifold of internal combustion engine
DE3500568A1 (de) * 1985-01-10 1986-07-10 Witzenmann GmbH, Metallschlauch-Fabrik Pforzheim, 7530 Pforzheim Auspuffkruemmer
DE3742036A1 (de) * 1987-12-11 1989-06-22 Bayerische Motoren Werke Ag Befestigungsanordnung eines abgassammelrohres
JPH0630424U (ja) 1992-09-24 1994-04-22 日立金属株式会社 排気マニホルド
JPH07247836A (ja) * 1994-03-11 1995-09-26 Hitachi Metals Ltd 排気マニホルド
JPH07310540A (ja) 1994-05-13 1995-11-28 Mitsubishi Motors Corp 内燃機関の排気装置
US5566548A (en) 1994-11-09 1996-10-22 Caterpillar Inc. Exhaust manifold joint
DE19920822B4 (de) 1999-05-06 2008-03-27 Daimler Ag Anordnung zur Befestigung eines Abgaskrümmers am Zylinderkopf einer Brennkraftmaschine
DE10306790A1 (de) * 2003-02-18 2004-09-02 J. Eberspächer GmbH & Co. KG Befestigungssystem und Verfahren zum Festlegen eines Auspuffkrümmers an einer Verbrennungskraftmaschine, und Verbrennungskraftmaschinenanordnung
DE10331614A1 (de) * 2003-07-12 2005-02-10 Daimlerchrysler Ag Flanschanordnung eines Motorzylinderkopfes und ein Verfahren zur Herstellung der Flanschanordnung

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
GB0723055D0 (en) 2008-01-02
EP2075429A1 (fr) 2009-07-01
GB2454927A (en) 2009-05-27

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