EP2075429A1 - An engine and exhaust manifold assembly - Google Patents
An engine and exhaust manifold assembly Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP2075429A1 EP2075429A1 EP08169335A EP08169335A EP2075429A1 EP 2075429 A1 EP2075429 A1 EP 2075429A1 EP 08169335 A EP08169335 A EP 08169335A EP 08169335 A EP08169335 A EP 08169335A EP 2075429 A1 EP2075429 A1 EP 2075429A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- flange
- manifold
- spacer
- engine
- exhaust
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
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Classifications
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N13/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus characterised by constructional features ; Exhaust or silencing apparatus, or parts thereof, having pertinent characteristics not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F01N1/00 - F01N5/00, F01N9/00, F01N11/00
- F01N13/18—Construction facilitating manufacture, assembly, or disassembly
- F01N13/1805—Fixing exhaust manifolds, exhaust pipes or pipe sections to each other, to engine or to vehicle body
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N13/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus characterised by constructional features ; Exhaust or silencing apparatus, or parts thereof, having pertinent characteristics not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F01N1/00 - F01N5/00, F01N9/00, F01N11/00
- F01N13/08—Other arrangements or adaptations of exhaust conduits
- F01N13/10—Other arrangements or adaptations of exhaust conduits of exhaust manifolds
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N13/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus characterised by constructional features ; Exhaust or silencing apparatus, or parts thereof, having pertinent characteristics not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F01N1/00 - F01N5/00, F01N9/00, F01N11/00
- F01N13/18—Construction facilitating manufacture, assembly, or disassembly
- F01N13/1805—Fixing exhaust manifolds, exhaust pipes or pipe sections to each other, to engine or to vehicle body
- F01N13/1811—Fixing exhaust manifolds, exhaust pipes or pipe sections to each other, to engine or to vehicle body with means permitting relative movement, e.g. compensation of thermal expansion or vibration
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N13/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus characterised by constructional features ; Exhaust or silencing apparatus, or parts thereof, having pertinent characteristics not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F01N1/00 - F01N5/00, F01N9/00, F01N11/00
- F01N13/18—Construction facilitating manufacture, assembly, or disassembly
- F01N13/1838—Construction facilitating manufacture, assembly, or disassembly characterised by the type of connection between parts of exhaust or silencing apparatus, e.g. between housing and tubes, between tubes and baffles
- F01N13/1844—Mechanical joints
- F01N13/1855—Mechanical joints the connection being realised by using bolts, screws, rivets or the like
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N2450/00—Methods or apparatus for fitting, inserting or repairing different elements
- F01N2450/24—Methods or apparatus for fitting, inserting or repairing different elements by bolts, screws, rivets or the like
Definitions
- the invention relates to internal combustion engines and in particular to an exhaust manifold for such an engine.
- the engine includes a cylinder head or other engine component having a number of exhaust ports for the passage of hot gases from the engine and the exhaust manifold comprises a metal housing defining a number of exhaust passageways.
- the exhaust manifold is joined to the cylinder head so that each of the exhaust passageways corresponds to a respective one of a number of exhaust ports from the engine.
- the manifold is joined to the cylinder head by a flange on the manifold secured to the engine by threaded fasteners such as bolts or studs and nuts.
- a gasket is provided to seal between the cylinder head and the flange.
- a disadvantage of this arrangement is that in use the exhaust manifold becomes very much hotter than the cylinder head and, if the threaded fasteners securing the manifold to the cylinder head are relatively tight, the thermal expansion of the exhaust manifold is restricted. While there is usually some slippage at the manifold to cylinder head face joint under the resulting compressive loading, the friction at this joint can remain quite considerable and at high temperatures, i.e. at very high engine loads, the material of the exhaust manifold can plastically deform or creep under compression.
- an internal combustion engine and exhaust manifold assembly comprising an engine having a cylinder head, a cylinder block having at least two cylinders arranged in line and an exhaust port for each cylinder, an exhaust manifold having a mounting flange including a flange face for interfacing with a corresponding head face on the cylinder head and threaded fasteners attaching the manifold to the engine at the flange face, characterised in that the mounting flange is formed as a number of discrete flange sections, each flange section corresponding to a respective exhaust port of the engine and being separated from an adjacent flange section by a gap in which is located a respective spacer block, the arrangement being such that, in use, the exhaust manifold is restrained by the fasteners from thermal expansion at the mounting flange but thermal contraction causes one flange section to thrust on the adjacent flange section through the spacer block.
- Each spacer block may be formed as part of a tubular spacer, each tubular spacer having a bore through which a corresponding one of the threaded fasteners extends.
- Each spacer block may be formed integrally with a tubular spacer.
- Each spacer block may be formed by sintering.
- Each of the gaps between the flange sections may be a parallel sided gap.
- a method of manufacturing an internal combustion engine and exhaust manifold assembly comprising supplying an engine having a cylinder head, a cylinder block having at least two cylinders arranged in line and an exhaust port for each cylinder, supplying an exhaust manifold having a single mounting flange characterised in that the method comprises creating a number of gaps in the mounting flange each gap being at a position between adjacent exhaust ports so that the mounting flange has discrete flange sections and each flange section corresponds to a respective exhaust port, producing a spacer block for each gap, inserting the spacer blocks into the gaps so as to substantially fill the gaps and attaching the manifold and the spacer blocks to the engine.
- the method may further comprise attaching each mounting flange to the engine by the use of two or more threaded fasteners.
- the method may further comprise forming each spacer block as part of a tubular spacer having a bore through which in use a corresponding threaded fastener extends to secure the manifold to the cylinder head.
- Each spacer block may be formed integrally with the tubular spacer.
- the method may further comprise forming each spacer block by sintering.
- Creating a number of gaps may comprise one of cutting and machining the manifold flange to form the gaps.
- Each gap may be a parallel sided gap.
- An internal combustion engine has a cylinder head 11 secured to a cylinder block 12 having four cylinders 21 arranged in line of which only one is shown.
- a piston is slideably restrained for reciprocating motion within each of the cylinders 21 as is well known in the art.
- the cylinder head 11 incorporates an inlet port 13 and an exhaust port 14 for each cylinder 21, together with the usual inlet valves 15 and exhaust valves 16. While there are typically two inlet valves and two exhaust valves for each cylinder 21, the exhaust ports 14 are siamesed so that exhaust gas flow past the two exhaust valves flows out of the one exhaust port.
- An exhaust manifold 17 is attached to the cylinder head 11 by a mounting flange 19 using threaded fasteners in the form of set bolts 25 and a gasket 22 is provided to seal between a head face 18 on the cylinder head 11 and a flange face 20 on the mounting flange 19.
- the exhaust manifold 17 is machined from a casting, typically a high SiMo cast iron, this being a ductile cast iron with a relatively high silicon and molybdenum content.
- the exhaust manifold 17 ducts the exhaust gas displaced by a piston 23 slideable in each cylinder 21 past the exhaust valve 16 and out of the exhaust port 14.
- the cylinder head 11 is cooled by a water based coolant circulated through coolant passages 24.
- the gas from each exhaust port 14 is ducted by the exhaust manifold 17 through arcuate pipe sections 30 and an end pipe section 32 to an exhaust outlet port 27 where an exhaust pipe connector flange 28 is provided to allow the connection of an exhaust pipe or a close coupled catalyst assembly (not shown).
- a tapping 29 is provided for mounting a sensor, e.g. a lambda sensor.
- the threaded holes 35 may be initially formed as blind drillings and the threads may be formed during the first insertion of the set bolts 25, these being a thread forming type having a threaded portion 36 with a tri-lobular cross-section and a plain shank 38 adjacent the cap head 26.
- Such bolts are commercially available, e.g. as sold under the Taptite trade mark.
- the mounting flange 19 is interrupted by three parallel sided gaps 31, one each between the exhaust ports 14 of adjacent cylinders 21, so that for each exhaust port 14 there is separate discrete flange section 19A, 19B, 19C or 19D.
- the mounting flange 19 is formed as one and the gaps 31 are formed by machining (e.g. milling).
- the first type is a plain tubular spacer 37 ( Fig.5 ) having a cylindrical outer surface and a stepped bore and the second type is a dual function spacer 39 which has a stepped bore 41 ( Fig.6 ) similar to the stepped bore of the plain spacer 37, a part cylindrical outer surface 45 and an offset lug 43 which extends beyond an end face 46 which abuts the manifold mounting flange 19, the lug having parallel faces which are perpendicular to the end face 46.
- Each stepped bore comprises a short small diameter portion 47 adjacent to an end face 42 opposite the eng face 46 where the cap head 26 of the set bolt 25 abuts and a longer large diameter portion 48 which provides a large clearance around the shank 38 of the set bolt 25.
- the manifold mounting flange 19 has a corresponding hole 33, most of which are of a similar diameter to give a corresponding large clearance.
- one of the holes 33A between the middle two of the cylinders 21 is of a smaller diameter to provide a location for the manifold 17 on the cylinder head 11 while another of the holes 33B is oval to give an angular location but still allow for expansion and contraction of the manifold.
- each dual function spacer 39 is arranged so that its lug 43 extends into the corresponding gap 31 to abut the adjacent sides of the flange sections 19A, 19B, 19C, 19D.
- the dual function spacers 39 are manufactured so that each lug 43 is an easy push fit into the respective gap 31.
- the dual function spacers 39 are preferably made by sintering, e.g. using steel, while the mounting flange 19 can be machined by a milling cutter of the required width to produce the gaps 31.
- the exhaust manifold 17 becomes very much hotter than the cylinder head 11, the head being cooled by the coolant in the coolant passages 24.
- the set bolts 25 are tightened to an extent where the gasket 22 is effective to seal exhaust gases but where some slippage along the head face 18 and flange face 20 is allowed due to the thermal expansion of the manifold 17. This is helped by careful selection of the gasket material, e.g. molybdenum coated.
- Each of the lugs 43 then acts as a spacer block so that the expansion of one flange section 19A, 19B, 19C, 19D thrusts on the adjacent flange section through the lugs and prevents or limits contraction at the flange face 20.
- the arcuate pipe sections 30 can deform elastically to balance the compressive loading at the flange sections 19A, 19B, 19C, 19D, the material of the manifold having regained its mechanical properties at the lower temperatures.
- the thermal expansion at the arcuate pipe sections 30 initially acts to reduce the elastic forces locked in when the manifold cooled so that the loading under thermal expansion is considerably reduced and further plastic deformation may not occur.
- the dual function spacer 39 is the preferred means of providing a spacer block to fill the gaps 31 between the flange sections 19A, 19B, 19D or 19D
- the gaps 31 could be made quite narrow, e.g. as formed by a slitting saw or a laser and the gap filled by a down-turned tab of a tab washer inserted between one of the tubular spacers and the manifold or, particularly if the tubular spacers are omitted, under the head of the threaded fastener.
- such a washer could have lugs which hold a separate solid spacer block in place in the gap.
- the invention has been described in detail with respect to a engine having four cylinders, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that it is equally applicable to engines having two, three, five or more cylinders in line and to 'V' or horizontally opposed engines with banks of cylinders in line.
- the exhaust manifold may be manufactured so that in its "as cast" or otherwise initially manufactured condition there are two or more mounting flanges and the gaps in the mounting flanges are machined between adjacent pipe sections as previously described.
- the invention is also applicable to manifolds made by fabrication where pipe sections are attached to a flange plate, e.g. by welding.
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Exhaust Silencers (AREA)
Abstract
Description
- The invention relates to internal combustion engines and in particular to an exhaust manifold for such an engine.
- It is known to provide an assembly of an internal combustion engine and an exhaust manifold in which the engine includes a cylinder head or other engine component having a number of exhaust ports for the passage of hot gases from the engine and the exhaust manifold comprises a metal housing defining a number of exhaust passageways. The exhaust manifold is joined to the cylinder head so that each of the exhaust passageways corresponds to a respective one of a number of exhaust ports from the engine. The manifold is joined to the cylinder head by a flange on the manifold secured to the engine by threaded fasteners such as bolts or studs and nuts. A gasket is provided to seal between the cylinder head and the flange.
- A disadvantage of this arrangement is that in use the exhaust manifold becomes very much hotter than the cylinder head and, if the threaded fasteners securing the manifold to the cylinder head are relatively tight, the thermal expansion of the exhaust manifold is restricted. While there is usually some slippage at the manifold to cylinder head face joint under the resulting compressive loading, the friction at this joint can remain quite considerable and at high temperatures, i.e. at very high engine loads, the material of the exhaust manifold can plastically deform or creep under compression. Then, when the engine and the exhaust manifold cool, there is then a tensile loading in the exhaust manifold and, over repeated engine cycles, the manifold can shrink considerably and the repeated stress cycles can cause cracking of the manifold or shearing of the threaded fasteners.
- Although it is known to overcome by the use of special materials for the exhaust manifold, these are relatively expensive and so the problem remains.
- Reducing the clamp load between the cylinder head and the exhaust manifold goes some way towards solving the problem, e.g. as shown in
US6327854 , as does reducing the friction and allowing radial clearance around the fastener as shown inUS4214444 . The problem of failure of the fasteners is addressed inUS5566548 andJP7-310540A 6-30424 - It is an object of the invention to provide an assembly of an internal combustion engine and an exhaust manifold in which the problems outlined above are alleviated and which can be manufactured economically.
- According to a first aspect of the invention there is provided an internal combustion engine and exhaust manifold assembly, the assembly comprising an engine having a cylinder head, a cylinder block having at least two cylinders arranged in line and an exhaust port for each cylinder, an exhaust manifold having a mounting flange including a flange face for interfacing with a corresponding head face on the cylinder head and threaded fasteners attaching the manifold to the engine at the flange face, characterised in that the mounting flange is formed as a number of discrete flange sections, each flange section corresponding to a respective exhaust port of the engine and being separated from an adjacent flange section by a gap in which is located a respective spacer block, the arrangement being such that, in use, the exhaust manifold is restrained by the fasteners from thermal expansion at the mounting flange but thermal contraction causes one flange section to thrust on the adjacent flange section through the spacer block.
- Each spacer block may be formed as part of a tubular spacer, each tubular spacer having a bore through which a corresponding one of the threaded fasteners extends.
- Each spacer block may be formed integrally with a tubular spacer.
- Each spacer block may be formed by sintering.
- Each of the gaps between the flange sections may be a parallel sided gap.
- According to a second aspect of the invention there is provided a method of manufacturing an internal combustion engine and exhaust manifold assembly comprising supplying an engine having a cylinder head, a cylinder block having at least two cylinders arranged in line and an exhaust port for each cylinder, supplying an exhaust manifold having a single mounting flange characterised in that the method comprises creating a number of gaps in the mounting flange each gap being at a position between adjacent exhaust ports so that the mounting flange has discrete flange sections and each flange section corresponds to a respective exhaust port, producing a spacer block for each gap, inserting the spacer blocks into the gaps so as to substantially fill the gaps and attaching the manifold and the spacer blocks to the engine.
- The method may further comprise attaching each mounting flange to the engine by the use of two or more threaded fasteners.
- The method may further comprise forming each spacer block as part of a tubular spacer having a bore through which in use a corresponding threaded fastener extends to secure the manifold to the cylinder head.
- Each spacer block may be formed integrally with the tubular spacer.
- The method may further comprise forming each spacer block by sintering.
- Creating a number of gaps may comprise one of cutting and machining the manifold flange to form the gaps.
- Each gap may be a parallel sided gap.
- The invention will now be described by way of example with reference to the accompanying drawing of which:-
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Fig.1 is a cross-section showing part of an internal combustion engine and exhaust manifold assembly according to the invention; -
Fig.2 is a plan view of the exhaust manifold shown inFig.1 ; -
Fig.3 is a view in the direction of arrow A onFig.2 showing a rear elevation of the exhaust manifold shown inFigs.1 and2 ; -
Fig.4 is a view in the direction of arrow B onFig.2 showing a front elevation of the exhaust manifold shown inFigs.1 and2 ; -
Fig.5 is a cross-section through part of the engine and exhaust manifold assembly shown inFig.1 ; -
Fig.6 is a cross-section through a dual-function spacer shown inFig.5 ; and -
Fig.7 is perspective view of the dual-function spacer shown inFig.6 . - An internal combustion engine has a
cylinder head 11 secured to acylinder block 12 having fourcylinders 21 arranged in line of which only one is shown. A piston is slideably restrained for reciprocating motion within each of thecylinders 21 as is well known in the art. - The
cylinder head 11 incorporates aninlet port 13 and anexhaust port 14 for eachcylinder 21, together with theusual inlet valves 15 andexhaust valves 16. While there are typically two inlet valves and two exhaust valves for eachcylinder 21, theexhaust ports 14 are siamesed so that exhaust gas flow past the two exhaust valves flows out of the one exhaust port. - An
exhaust manifold 17 is attached to thecylinder head 11 by amounting flange 19 using threaded fasteners in the form ofset bolts 25 and agasket 22 is provided to seal between ahead face 18 on thecylinder head 11 and aflange face 20 on themounting flange 19. - As best seen in
Figs. 2 to 4 , theexhaust manifold 17 is machined from a casting, typically a high SiMo cast iron, this being a ductile cast iron with a relatively high silicon and molybdenum content. Theexhaust manifold 17 ducts the exhaust gas displaced by apiston 23 slideable in eachcylinder 21 past theexhaust valve 16 and out of theexhaust port 14. Thecylinder head 11 is cooled by a water based coolant circulated throughcoolant passages 24. The gas from eachexhaust port 14 is ducted by theexhaust manifold 17 througharcuate pipe sections 30 and anend pipe section 32 to anexhaust outlet port 27 where an exhaustpipe connector flange 28 is provided to allow the connection of an exhaust pipe or a close coupled catalyst assembly (not shown). Atapping 29 is provided for mounting a sensor, e.g. a lambda sensor. - There are eight of the
set bolts 25 securing theexhaust manifold 17 to thecylinder head 11, two for eachexhaust port 14, theset bolts 25 each having a cap head 26 and extend throughholes 33 in themounting flange 19 and into threaded holes 35 in thecylinder head 11. The threaded holes 35 may be initially formed as blind drillings and the threads may be formed during the first insertion of theset bolts 25, these being a thread forming type having a threadedportion 36 with a tri-lobular cross-section and aplain shank 38 adjacent the cap head 26. Such bolts are commercially available, e.g. as sold under the Taptite trade mark. - The
mounting flange 19 is interrupted by three parallelsided gaps 31, one each between theexhaust ports 14 ofadjacent cylinders 21, so that for eachexhaust port 14 there is separatediscrete flange section exhaust manifold 17 themounting flange 19 is formed as one and thegaps 31 are formed by machining (e.g. milling). - Between each
set bolt 25 and therespective flange section Fig.5 ) having a cylindrical outer surface and a stepped bore and the second type is adual function spacer 39 which has a stepped bore 41 (Fig.6 ) similar to the stepped bore of theplain spacer 37, a part cylindricalouter surface 45 and anoffset lug 43 which extends beyond anend face 46 which abuts themanifold mounting flange 19, the lug having parallel faces which are perpendicular to theend face 46. - Each stepped bore comprises a short
small diameter portion 47 adjacent to anend face 42 opposite theeng face 46 where the cap head 26 of theset bolt 25 abuts and a longerlarge diameter portion 48 which provides a large clearance around theshank 38 of theset bolt 25. Themanifold mounting flange 19 has acorresponding hole 33, most of which are of a similar diameter to give a corresponding large clearance. However, one of theholes 33A between the middle two of thecylinders 21 is of a smaller diameter to provide a location for themanifold 17 on thecylinder head 11 while another of theholes 33B is oval to give an angular location but still allow for expansion and contraction of the manifold. - There is one
dual function spacer 39 for each of thegaps 31 between theadjacent flange sections dual function spacer 39 being arranged so that itslug 43 extends into thecorresponding gap 31 to abut the adjacent sides of theflange sections dual function spacers 39 are manufactured so that eachlug 43 is an easy push fit into therespective gap 31. - The
dual function spacers 39 are preferably made by sintering, e.g. using steel, while themounting flange 19 can be machined by a milling cutter of the required width to produce thegaps 31. - In use of the engine the
exhaust manifold 17 becomes very much hotter than thecylinder head 11, the head being cooled by the coolant in thecoolant passages 24. This results in thermal expansion of themanifold 17 which is much greater than that of the cylinder head, even when the cylinder head is made of aluminium which has a higher coefficient of thermal expansion than cast iron. The setbolts 25 are tightened to an extent where thegasket 22 is effective to seal exhaust gases but where some slippage along thehead face 18 and flange face 20 is allowed due to the thermal expansion of the manifold 17. This is helped by careful selection of the gasket material, e.g. molybdenum coated. - When the engine is first built, there is no stress on the
exhaust manifold 17, apart from that arising from the tension of the setbolts 25. When the engine is run at high load there is sufficient restraint by the setbolts 25 to prevent the manifold 17 from expanding freely at theflange face 20. However, at thearcuate pipe sections 30 where the manifold 17 is hottest, the material of the manifold undergoes plastic deformation by compression so that a relatively small compressive stress is built up. When the engine cools, e.g. resumes moderate loading or is shut down or idled, thearcuate pipe sections 30 cool and contract. Each of thelugs 43 then acts as a spacer block so that the expansion of oneflange section flange face 20. Thearcuate pipe sections 30 can deform elastically to balance the compressive loading at theflange sections arcuate pipe sections 30 initially acts to reduce the elastic forces locked in when the manifold cooled so that the loading under thermal expansion is considerably reduced and further plastic deformation may not occur. - While the
dual function spacer 39 is the preferred means of providing a spacer block to fill thegaps 31 between theflange sections gaps 31 could be made quite narrow, e.g. as formed by a slitting saw or a laser and the gap filled by a down-turned tab of a tab washer inserted between one of the tubular spacers and the manifold or, particularly if the tubular spacers are omitted, under the head of the threaded fastener. - Alternatively, such a washer could have lugs which hold a separate solid spacer block in place in the gap.
- Although the invention has been described in detail with respect to a engine having four cylinders, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that it is equally applicable to engines having two, three, five or more cylinders in line and to 'V' or horizontally opposed engines with banks of cylinders in line. Where there are several cylinders in a block or bank, the exhaust manifold may be manufactured so that in its "as cast" or otherwise initially manufactured condition there are two or more mounting flanges and the gaps in the mounting flanges are machined between adjacent pipe sections as previously described. Although described in relation to exhaust manifolds made by casting, the invention is also applicable to manifolds made by fabrication where pipe sections are attached to a flange plate, e.g. by welding.
Claims (12)
- An internal combustion engine and exhaust manifold assembly, the assembly comprising an engine having a cylinder head(11), a cylinder block (12) having at least two cylinders (21) arranged in line and an exhaust port (14) for each cylinder (21), an exhaust manifold (17) having a mounting flange (19) including a flange face (20) for interfacing with a corresponding head face (18) on the cylinder head (11) and threaded fasteners (25) attaching the manifold (17) to the engine at the flange face (20) characterised in that the mounting flange (19) is formed as a number of discrete flange sections (19A, 19B, 19C, 19D), each flange section (19A, 19B, 19C, 19D) corresponding to a respective exhaust port (14) of the engine and being separated from an adjacent flange section (19A, 19B, 19C, 19D) by a gap (31) in which is located a respective spacer block (43), the arrangement being such that, in use, the exhaust manifold (17) is restrained by the fasteners (25) from thermal expansion at the mounting flange (19) but thermal contraction causes one flange section (19A, 19B, 19C, 19D) to thrust on the adjacent flange section (19A, 19B, 19C, 19D) through the spacer block (43).
- An assembly as claimed in claim 1 wherein each spacer block (43) is formed as part of a tubular spacer (39), each tubular spacer (39) having a bore (47, 48) through which a corresponding one of the threaded fasteners (25) extends.
- An assembly as claimed in claim 2 wherein each spacer block (43) is formed integrally with a tubular spacer (39).
- An assembly as claimed in claim 3 wherein each spacer block (43) is formed by sintering.
- An assembly as claimed in any of claims 1 to 4 wherein each of the gaps (31) between the flange sections (19A, 19B, 19C, 19D) is a parallel sided gap.
- A method of manufacturing an internal combustion engine and exhaust manifold assembly comprising supplying an engine having a cylinder head (11), a cylinder block (12) having at least two cylinders (21) arranged in line and an exhaust port (14) for each cylinder (21), supplying an exhaust manifold (17) having a single mounting flange (19) characterised in that the method comprises creating a number of gaps (31) in the mounting flange (19) each gap (31) being at a position between adjacent exhaust ports (14) so that the mounting flange (19) has discrete flange sections (19A, 19B, 19C, 19D) and each flange section (19A, 19B, 19C, 19D) corresponds to a respective exhaust port (14), producing a spacer block (43) for each gap (31), inserting the spacer blocks (43) into the gaps (31) so as to substantially fill the gaps (31) and attaching the manifold (17) and the spacer blocks (43) to the engine.
- A method as claimed in claim 6 wherein the method further comprises attaching each mounting flange (19A, 19B, 19C, 19D) to the engine by the use of two or more threaded fasteners (25).
- A method as claimed in claim 6 or in claim 7 wherein the method further comprises forming each spacer block (43) as part of a tubular spacer (39) having a bore (47, 48) through which in use a corresponding threaded fastener (25) extends to secure the manifold (17) to the cylinder head (11).
- A method according to claim 8 wherein each spacer block (43) is formed integrally with the tubular spacer (39).
- A method according to claim 8 or in claim 9 wherein the method may further comprise forming each spacer block (43) by sintering.
- A method as claimed in any of claims 6 to 10 wherein creating a number of gaps (31) comprises one of cutting and machining the manifold flange (19) to form the gaps (31).
- A method as claimed in any of claims 6 to 11 wherein each gap (31) is a parallel sided gap.
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
GB0723055A GB2454927A (en) | 2007-11-26 | 2007-11-26 | Engine and exhaust manifold assembly |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
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EP2075429A1 true EP2075429A1 (en) | 2009-07-01 |
EP2075429B1 EP2075429B1 (en) | 2012-05-23 |
Family
ID=38925990
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP20080169335 Ceased EP2075429B1 (en) | 2007-11-26 | 2008-11-18 | An engine and exhaust manifold assembly |
Country Status (2)
Country | Link |
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EP (1) | EP2075429B1 (en) |
GB (1) | GB2454927A (en) |
Cited By (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE102011009686A1 (en) * | 2011-01-28 | 2012-08-02 | Volkswagen Ag | Fastening composite for fixing exhaust manifold of internal combustion engine, has one end, which is attached to internal combustion engine and another end, which is attached with abutment |
CN113803147A (en) * | 2021-10-27 | 2021-12-17 | 江西樟树市福铃内燃机配件有限公司 | Stable pipeline type exhaust manifold |
Citations (9)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US4184329A (en) * | 1976-10-14 | 1980-01-22 | Aktiengesellschaft Adolph Saurer | Device for connecting an exhaust manifold through the cylinder head of a multi-cylinder internal combustion engine |
US4214444A (en) | 1977-08-01 | 1980-07-29 | Toyota Jidosha Kogyo Kabushiki Kaisha | Exhaust manifold for an internal combustion engine |
FR2575788A1 (en) * | 1985-01-10 | 1986-07-11 | Witzenmann Metallschlauchfab | Exhaust manifold for IC engine |
DE3742036A1 (en) * | 1987-12-11 | 1989-06-22 | Bayerische Motoren Werke Ag | Fastening arrangement for an exhaust-gas manifold |
JPH0630424U (en) | 1992-09-24 | 1994-04-22 | 日立金属株式会社 | Exhaust manifold |
JPH07310540A (en) | 1994-05-13 | 1995-11-28 | Mitsubishi Motors Corp | Exhaust device of internal combustion engine |
US5566548A (en) | 1994-11-09 | 1996-10-22 | Caterpillar Inc. | Exhaust manifold joint |
US6327854B1 (en) | 1999-05-06 | 2001-12-11 | Daimlerchrysler Ag | Fastening an exhaust manifold to an engine cylinder head |
EP1450018A1 (en) * | 2003-02-18 | 2004-08-25 | J. Eberspächer GmbH & Co. KG | Fixing system and method for fixing a manifold to an internal combustion engine, and arrangement of an internal-combustion engine |
Family Cites Families (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JPH07247836A (en) * | 1994-03-11 | 1995-09-26 | Hitachi Metals Ltd | Exhaust manifold |
DE10331614A1 (en) * | 2003-07-12 | 2005-02-10 | Daimlerchrysler Ag | Flange assembly of an engine cylinder head and a method of manufacturing the flange assembly |
-
2007
- 2007-11-26 GB GB0723055A patent/GB2454927A/en not_active Withdrawn
-
2008
- 2008-11-18 EP EP20080169335 patent/EP2075429B1/en not_active Ceased
Patent Citations (9)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US4184329A (en) * | 1976-10-14 | 1980-01-22 | Aktiengesellschaft Adolph Saurer | Device for connecting an exhaust manifold through the cylinder head of a multi-cylinder internal combustion engine |
US4214444A (en) | 1977-08-01 | 1980-07-29 | Toyota Jidosha Kogyo Kabushiki Kaisha | Exhaust manifold for an internal combustion engine |
FR2575788A1 (en) * | 1985-01-10 | 1986-07-11 | Witzenmann Metallschlauchfab | Exhaust manifold for IC engine |
DE3742036A1 (en) * | 1987-12-11 | 1989-06-22 | Bayerische Motoren Werke Ag | Fastening arrangement for an exhaust-gas manifold |
JPH0630424U (en) | 1992-09-24 | 1994-04-22 | 日立金属株式会社 | Exhaust manifold |
JPH07310540A (en) | 1994-05-13 | 1995-11-28 | Mitsubishi Motors Corp | Exhaust device of internal combustion engine |
US5566548A (en) | 1994-11-09 | 1996-10-22 | Caterpillar Inc. | Exhaust manifold joint |
US6327854B1 (en) | 1999-05-06 | 2001-12-11 | Daimlerchrysler Ag | Fastening an exhaust manifold to an engine cylinder head |
EP1450018A1 (en) * | 2003-02-18 | 2004-08-25 | J. Eberspächer GmbH & Co. KG | Fixing system and method for fixing a manifold to an internal combustion engine, and arrangement of an internal-combustion engine |
Cited By (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE102011009686A1 (en) * | 2011-01-28 | 2012-08-02 | Volkswagen Ag | Fastening composite for fixing exhaust manifold of internal combustion engine, has one end, which is attached to internal combustion engine and another end, which is attached with abutment |
CN113803147A (en) * | 2021-10-27 | 2021-12-17 | 江西樟树市福铃内燃机配件有限公司 | Stable pipeline type exhaust manifold |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
GB2454927A (en) | 2009-05-27 |
EP2075429B1 (en) | 2012-05-23 |
GB0723055D0 (en) | 2008-01-02 |
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