EP2066985A2 - Système optique comprenant une boule transparente, et utilisation de cette dernière - Google Patents

Système optique comprenant une boule transparente, et utilisation de cette dernière

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Publication number
EP2066985A2
EP2066985A2 EP07817541A EP07817541A EP2066985A2 EP 2066985 A2 EP2066985 A2 EP 2066985A2 EP 07817541 A EP07817541 A EP 07817541A EP 07817541 A EP07817541 A EP 07817541A EP 2066985 A2 EP2066985 A2 EP 2066985A2
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
optical system
transparent
dynamic
optics
ball
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP07817541A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Jürgen KLEINWÄCHTER
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Sunvention International GmbH
Original Assignee
Sunvention International GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Sunvention International GmbH filed Critical Sunvention International GmbH
Publication of EP2066985A2 publication Critical patent/EP2066985A2/fr
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B3/00—Simple or compound lenses
    • G02B3/12—Fluid-filled or evacuated lenses
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G9/00—Cultivation in receptacles, forcing-frames or greenhouses; Edging for beds, lawn or the like
    • A01G9/24—Devices or systems for heating, ventilating, regulating temperature, illuminating, or watering, in greenhouses, forcing-frames, or the like
    • A01G9/243—Collecting solar energy
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24S—SOLAR HEAT COLLECTORS; SOLAR HEAT SYSTEMS
    • F24S10/00—Solar heat collectors using working fluids
    • F24S10/40—Solar heat collectors using working fluids in absorbing elements surrounded by transparent enclosures, e.g. evacuated solar collectors
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24S—SOLAR HEAT COLLECTORS; SOLAR HEAT SYSTEMS
    • F24S23/00—Arrangements for concentrating solar-rays for solar heat collectors
    • F24S23/30—Arrangements for concentrating solar-rays for solar heat collectors with lenses
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24S—SOLAR HEAT COLLECTORS; SOLAR HEAT SYSTEMS
    • F24S23/00—Arrangements for concentrating solar-rays for solar heat collectors
    • F24S23/70—Arrangements for concentrating solar-rays for solar heat collectors with reflectors
    • F24S23/72—Arrangements for concentrating solar-rays for solar heat collectors with reflectors with hemispherical reflective surfaces
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24S—SOLAR HEAT COLLECTORS; SOLAR HEAT SYSTEMS
    • F24S30/00—Arrangements for moving or orienting solar heat collector modules
    • F24S30/40—Arrangements for moving or orienting solar heat collector modules for rotary movement
    • F24S30/45—Arrangements for moving or orienting solar heat collector modules for rotary movement with two rotation axes
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24S—SOLAR HEAT COLLECTORS; SOLAR HEAT SYSTEMS
    • F24S50/00—Arrangements for controlling solar heat collectors
    • F24S50/20—Arrangements for controlling solar heat collectors for tracking
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
    • H01L31/00—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof
    • H01L31/04—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof adapted as photovoltaic [PV] conversion devices
    • H01L31/052—Cooling means directly associated or integrated with the PV cell, e.g. integrated Peltier elements for active cooling or heat sinks directly associated with the PV cells
    • H01L31/0521—Cooling means directly associated or integrated with the PV cell, e.g. integrated Peltier elements for active cooling or heat sinks directly associated with the PV cells using a gaseous or a liquid coolant, e.g. air flow ventilation, water circulation
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
    • H01L31/00—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof
    • H01L31/04—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof adapted as photovoltaic [PV] conversion devices
    • H01L31/054—Optical elements directly associated or integrated with the PV cell, e.g. light-reflecting means or light-concentrating means
    • H01L31/0543—Optical elements directly associated or integrated with the PV cell, e.g. light-reflecting means or light-concentrating means comprising light concentrating means of the refractive type, e.g. lenses
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
    • H01L31/00—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof
    • H01L31/04—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof adapted as photovoltaic [PV] conversion devices
    • H01L31/054—Optical elements directly associated or integrated with the PV cell, e.g. light-reflecting means or light-concentrating means
    • H01L31/0547—Optical elements directly associated or integrated with the PV cell, e.g. light-reflecting means or light-concentrating means comprising light concentrating means of the reflecting type, e.g. parabolic mirrors, concentrators using total internal reflection
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24S—SOLAR HEAT COLLECTORS; SOLAR HEAT SYSTEMS
    • F24S30/00—Arrangements for moving or orienting solar heat collector modules
    • F24S2030/10—Special components
    • F24S2030/11—Driving means
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24S—SOLAR HEAT COLLECTORS; SOLAR HEAT SYSTEMS
    • F24S30/00—Arrangements for moving or orienting solar heat collector modules
    • F24S2030/10—Special components
    • F24S2030/13—Transmissions
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24S—SOLAR HEAT COLLECTORS; SOLAR HEAT SYSTEMS
    • F24S30/00—Arrangements for moving or orienting solar heat collector modules
    • F24S2030/10—Special components
    • F24S2030/13—Transmissions
    • F24S2030/131—Transmissions in the form of articulated bars
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24S—SOLAR HEAT COLLECTORS; SOLAR HEAT SYSTEMS
    • F24S30/00—Arrangements for moving or orienting solar heat collector modules
    • F24S2030/10—Special components
    • F24S2030/13—Transmissions
    • F24S2030/136—Transmissions for moving several solar collectors by common transmission elements
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24S—SOLAR HEAT COLLECTORS; SOLAR HEAT SYSTEMS
    • F24S30/00—Arrangements for moving or orienting solar heat collector modules
    • F24S2030/10—Special components
    • F24S2030/14—Movement guiding means
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
    • Y02A40/10—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in agriculture
    • Y02A40/25—Greenhouse technology, e.g. cooling systems therefor
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/40—Solar thermal energy, e.g. solar towers
    • Y02E10/44—Heat exchange systems
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/40—Solar thermal energy, e.g. solar towers
    • Y02E10/47—Mountings or tracking
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/50—Photovoltaic [PV] energy
    • Y02E10/52—PV systems with concentrators
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P60/00—Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
    • Y02P60/12—Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries using renewable energies, e.g. solar water pumping

Definitions

  • the invention relates to an optical system with a transparent ball and the use of an optical system with a transparent ball.
  • Transparent spheres concentrate sunlight by definition with spherical aberration.
  • spherically symmetric spherical optics have, in contrast to all other reflective or refractive collection mirror or lens forms, a property which is outstanding with respect to a traveling radiation source:
  • the invention is based on the object of improving the existing technology.
  • this object is achieved by an optical system with a transparent sphere, the optical system having a dynamic optical system for bundling migrating sunlight to a spatially static focal point.
  • a "dynamic optics” is understood to mean such an optic which is variable with respect to its position, its orientation and / or its shape and thereby locally fixes the focal point in traveling sunlight. Focus does not have to be exactly stationary in the mathematical-physical sense. Rather, it is sufficient if the focus is essentially stationary. The person skilled in the art, an engineer, judges this by reference to a relation between any shift of the focal point and the overall outer dimensions of the optical system. In any case, it is certainly necessary to speak of a spatially static focal point when the focal point shifts by at most one fifth, in particular one tenth, of a diameter of the transparent sphere during the course of the sun.
  • the solar converter has a torsional means.
  • the solar converter is permanently struck by a rotation of the sun's rays.
  • Such a twisting means preferably has a connecting strut to the dynamic optics.
  • a connecting strut between the dynamic optics and the solar converter can easily ensure that these two components are at a constant angle to each other. It is then only a question of the correct orientation of the dynamic optics to provide the solar converter ideal with light rays.
  • a tracking device for the dynamic optics is provided.
  • the invention can be implemented in a particularly simple manner by carrying out the transparent sphere in a stationary and static manner. Since the dynamic optics is to be moved, a tracking device is proposed to ensure the tracking of the dynamic optics with a view to the current position of the sun.
  • the tracking device can be designed mechanically or mechatronically with the simplest means.
  • the tracking device may comprise mechanical power transmission, a motor and a microprocessor.
  • the microprocessor is preferably in a computerized system. This can also be networked, so that the tracking geometry for the dynamic optics can be changed both locally and optionally via remote maintenance. As a result, a fine adjustment for different installation locations is possible.
  • the tracking device is preferably set to align a normal vector of the dynamic optics with the sun.
  • a normal vector is to be understood as an imaginary spatial vector which is aligned centrally on the dynamic optics in such a way that it is perpendicular with respect to a main stress plane of the dynamic optics.
  • a rather flat, cup-shaped, square or round, flat or curved shape is intended for the dynamic look.
  • These geometries have a main clamping plane. In the case of curved geometries, consider a flat surface resting on the edge of the curvature.
  • the tracking device is set so that it performs the dynamic optics with respect to the incident sunlight beyond a center of the transparent sphere. It has already been explained that a transparent sphere makes a very predictable image of the sunlight even in a wandering direction of incidence of the sun's rays. The shape of the focal spot is constant with respect to the central direction of light incidence. Therefore, when the dynamic optics are passed beyond the center of the transparent sphere, it experiences an always constant shape of the focal spot. This makes it easier to determine the shape of the dynamic optics.
  • the static focus is within the transparent sphere.
  • installations such as in particular a solar converter, protected against environmental influences by the transparent ball protected with a long lifetime can be installed.
  • an optical system with a transparent ball and a dynamic optics is also independent of all other features of the invention presented here is advantageous if a tracking device is provided for the dynamic optics, the dynamic optics so leads, that in the course of the migrating solar radiation, the focal point is held within the transparent sphere.
  • the static focal point lies in a center of the transparent sphere.
  • a solar converter mounted there is located relatively far from the outer shell of the transparent sphere, so that in the movement of dynamic optics is not in the way, if the dynamic optics is guided essentially along the outer shell.
  • the leadership of the dynamic optics along the outer shell is considered advantageous by the inventor.
  • the dynamic optic preferably has a deflecting mirror.
  • a mirror is inexpensive to produce and with a suitable design very light. Also, a mirror on the side facing away from sunlight can be installed well, because the dynamic optics in this case is not in the path of the light.
  • the dynamic optic preferably has a circular circumference.
  • it is intended to a dynamic optics with a mirrored portion of a spherical or otherwise curved avenge. This adapts well to the spherical outer shell of the transparent sphere.
  • the tracking device preferably has a contactless drive, in particular an outer magnet and an inner magnet.
  • a contactless drive one part of the tracking device can be arranged outside the transparent sphere, while another part can be arranged inside the transparent sphere. This increases the life of the drive, since in any case the part which is arranged within the transparent ball, well protected from environmental influences.
  • an optical system with a transparent sphere and a dynamic optical system with a tracking device wherein the tracking device has a non-contact drive, in particular an outer magnet and an inner magnet, also independent of all other features of the presented here Invention is advantageous.
  • the tracking device has a shell.
  • a shell adapts easily from the outside to the outer shell of the transparent ball.
  • the tracking device has a plurality of controllable outer magnets.
  • the outer magnets can be either mechanically controllable, so that they are moved closer to the outer shell or further away from it, in order to increase the magnetic influence on the inner region of the transparent ball; or the external magnets are electronically controllable, so that specific points can be magnetized without displacement of the external magnets.
  • the inner magnet does not necessarily have to be an active magnet. Rather, it is sufficient if it reacts magnetically to a magnetic field applied from outside.
  • any iron core can be used on one side of the ball shell.
  • - and according to a third aspect of the present invention also advantageous advantage - has the transparent ball in its interior a dynamic optics, which together with dynamic attachments has a center of gravity, which lies in a center of the transparent ball.
  • This aspect of the invention is based on the idea that the dynamic optics various other installations which, for example, are necessary for a guidance of the dynamic optics within the transparent sphere or which, for example, bring about a coupling with a solar transducer.
  • the entire dynamically moving system within the transparent ball reaches a relatively large mass. If the center of gravity of this dynamically moving system is in the center of the sphere, it can be rotated around the center with relatively little effort.
  • the transparent sphere is filled with a liquid.
  • This liquid has a different refractive index than air or vacuum, so that the choice of liquid can influence the optical path of the sunlight within the transparent sphere.
  • the inner liquid should have the highest possible optical refractive index, be highly transparent in the desired spectral range, have a low viscosity and be radiation stable.
  • a silicon solar cell is to be used as a solar converter, whose utilization light spectrum ends above 1.1 ⁇ m, for example, water which is highly transparent up to 1.1 ⁇ m is strongly suitable for longer wavelengths.
  • an optical waveguide which should direct concentrated visible light into rooms, but which should keep heat away. Since the human eye perceives light up to 0.74 ⁇ m, in this case substances should be added to the water that shift its absorption edge from 1.1 ⁇ m to approximately 0.8 ⁇ m.
  • the transparency window must extend beyond 2 ⁇ m. Silicone oils or poly-ethylene glycol (PEG) are particularly suitable for this purpose.
  • the spherical optics like any highly concentrated optics, only project direct sunlight into the focus, the diffused portion of the radiation from the sun-soaked hemisphere passes into the space behind it, where it can be used for lighting purposes by plants and humans.
  • incorporation in the transparent sphere has an optical refractive index which corresponds to that of the liquid.
  • the incident and guided inside the transparent ball rays then pass through all the fixtures, without causing any optical impairment.
  • the transparent ball is filled with a liquid, while the optical system has optics for bundling migratory sunlight to a solar transducer and wherein the solar transducer is surrounded by the liquid , This leads to an effective liquid cooling for the solar converter.
  • an optical system of the construction described above can be used well for the benefit of direct sunlight, in particular for power generation and hot water production, and for the passage of diffused sunlight.
  • a preferred embodiment of the invention is intended to use a variety of such optical systems as the outer shell of a building.
  • the use as a wrapping of a greenhouse or as a roof or facade of an office and residential building is intended.
  • FIG. 1 shows schematically a first embodiment of a transparent ball with a circulating mirror
  • FIG. 2 shows schematically a second embodiment with a hollow strut and a magnetic drive
  • FIG. 3 schematically shows a further exemplary embodiment with a mechanism for
  • FIG. 4 schematically shows an alternative exemplary embodiment for tracking with small electromagnetic coils
  • Figure 5 schematically shows an overview of the beam path
  • FIG. 6 schematically shows a combination of several spherical optics to form a roof surface.
  • the transparent hollow sphere 1 in FIG. 1 is filled in its interior with a transparent inner liquid filling 2.
  • the transparent hollow sphere 1 is exposed to solar radiation, starting from the traveling sun 3 with its azimuth path 3a and its elevation path 3b, the solar radiation practically passes as parallel radiation to the transparent hollow sphere 1.
  • the parallel radiation impinges on the transparent hollow sphere 1 with a central ray 3c, which runs in the optical axis and thus without change of direction through a sphere center M, and with two outer marginal rays 3d, 3d ', which are refracted and in the surface of the circulating mirror 4 a circular from the preconcentrated light penetrated cutting plane form.
  • the shape of the circulating mirror 4 is chosen according to the Kaustik of the incident light in its projection so that its focal point 5 is imaged in the sphere center M with the desired intensity distribution.
  • the desired shape can be designed in a particular case by modern ray tracing systems without much effort.
  • the circulating mirror 4 escapes along the outer shell of the transparent hollow sphere 1 while the sun 3 moves.
  • the focal point 5 is therefore permanently folded back into the center of the sphere M and is stationary there. Therefore, solar converters can be installed here, which only rotate about their midpoint according to the solar azimuth or sun elevation position.
  • the basic idea of the optical system in FIG. 1 is to track and configure the circulating mirror 4 moving in the interior of the liquid-filled, stationary and transparent hollow sphere 1 such that the light preconcentrated by the transparent hollow sphere 1 enters a focal point 5 is folded back, which lies in the center M of the transparent hollow sphere 1.
  • Both the struts 8 and a moving sun pointer 8a, on whose tip an azimuth sensor and elevation sensor are located, are made of a transparent material which has the same optical refractive index as the spherical liquid.
  • the solar energy converter here referred to briefly as a solar transducer 6, is attached.
  • electrical supply and discharge lines 7a pass through the liquid-filled section in the hollow strut 7.
  • the solar cell surrounded in this way on both sides by the optical medium is thus not only optically coupled by the immersion loss without loss, but is also effectively liquid-cooled. Pumping the medium in the ball and leads it to an external heat exchanger (not shown), so in addition to electrical power and useful heat can be obtained.
  • the liquid storage of the dynamic optics in the interior of the transparent hollow sphere (1) thus makes it possible to move it without contact through the spherical wall by means of a magnetic field.
  • the outer permanent magnet 9a and the inner, fixed in the center of the back of the orbital mirror 4 permanent magnet 9 of the opposite polarity or in the form of a soft iron core provided.
  • the outer permanent magnet 9a is guided via a mechanism in a trajectory which corresponds to the azimuth and elevation movement of the sun 3, and thereby leads by means of magnetic coupling the system of dynamic optics with the revolving mirror 4 in the desired manner.
  • a mechanism for controlling the circulating mirror 4 is used.
  • the outer permanent magnet 9a is carried along by an outer ring system 10 which, like a half shell, rolls over the balls 1 via rollers 10a.
  • the required kinetic energy is transmitted by a push rod 11, which is moved in the x and y direction by two motors 14 (identified by way of example), namely in accordance with the azimuth or elevation movement of the sun.
  • the control of the motors 14 is realized by signals of a sunlight sensor 12 and a microelectronics 13 to the motors 14.
  • the outer permanent magnet 9a is rotatably supported, so that it is oriented in the direction of the respective tangent. In order to minimize its frictional forces on the surface of the transparent ball 1, it may in turn be provided with a low-friction coating or a roller.
  • the tracking of the dynamic optics is effected via a matrix of small electromagnetic coils 17 which are fixedly mounted on the outer spherical calotte facing away from the sun (compare FIG. [61]
  • the electromagnetic coils 17 are actuated time sequentially as a function of the control signals determined by the sun sensor and the downstream microelectronics, so that the inner optics follows the sun track.
  • the small electromagnetic coils 17 cover the region 16 in rows and columns very fine-grained.
  • the acted by the sun sensor microprocessor 13 controls via electrical lines distributor 18 and columns distributor 19 to each correct electromagnet, whose magnetic field then entrains the inner optics.
  • the transparent hollow sphere 1 may consist for example of glass or transparent plastics.
  • fluoropolymers in particular their modification FEP, which in the present case (inside liquid) light transmissions over the entire solar spectrum of at least 98%, light-fast, self-cleaning and chemically quasi inert.
  • Ball optics focus only the rays near the optical axis into a focus.
  • the off-axis rays however, unite on a focal line in front of this focus. This is called spherical aberration.
  • FIG. 5 is shown schematically how the spherical aberration is corrected by the contour of the circulating mirror 4.
  • a central ray a runs along the optical axis through the center of the sphere and enters the free space without being distracted by the backside of the sphere.
  • the circulating mirror 4 is therefore preferably designed such that it corrects the spherical aberration and / or generates a desired energy density distribution in the imaging plane of the solar converter, for example a homogeneous distribution of the light flux via photovoltaic transducers. It should be noted that preferably a constant in moving sun energy density distribution should also fall under the invention, even if it is spoken in the context of this application of a "fixed focus".
  • the described spherical optics uses stationary spheres and an internal dynamic optic to use direct sunlight for conversion into electricity, heat or for transporting light via optical fibers or for photovoltaic conversion.
  • Push rods 11 form a tracking mechanism for the dynamic optics in the interior of the transparent hollow sphere 1.
  • a transparent disc or membrane 21 is arranged below the transparent hollow spheres 1. At this, the arrangement of the balls mechanically coupled to the fluid connection line 20 via a strut system 22, 23.
  • an upper, transparent disc or foil 24 may be provided.
  • the stationary Kugeloptikan extract serves as a semitransparentes roof, which produces electricity and hot water in the case shown and at the same time supplies the plants inside the hothouse with reaching there diffuse light 25.
  • the sphere optics arrangement can also be resting on opaque documents. If required, the underlying room can be illuminated via the light flow through the light guides.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Sustainable Development (AREA)
  • Sustainable Energy (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Microelectronics & Electronic Packaging (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Condensed Matter Physics & Semiconductors (AREA)
  • Computer Hardware Design (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Environmental Sciences (AREA)
  • Optics & Photonics (AREA)
  • Photovoltaic Devices (AREA)
  • Optical Elements Other Than Lenses (AREA)
  • Light Guides In General And Applications Therefor (AREA)
  • Lenses (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un système optique comprenant une boule transparente, en particulier une boule remplie d'un liquide transparent. La lumière du soleil directe, incidente sur la zone de la boule exposée au soleil est réfléchie sur le côté opposé, interne de la boule creuse au moyen d'un miroir rotatif, de manière à ce que le foyer du champ de rayonnement est reproduit au centre de la boule creuse. Des convertisseurs solaires peuvent être ainsi disposés de manière statique au centre de la boule creuse et sont de préférence dotés d'un moyen de torsion, ce qui permet de conserver en permanence les convertisseurs solaires dans un alignement idéal par rapport à la lumière du soleil focalisée.
EP07817541A 2006-09-19 2007-09-19 Système optique comprenant une boule transparente, et utilisation de cette dernière Withdrawn EP2066985A2 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102006044601A DE102006044601A1 (de) 2006-09-19 2006-09-19 Kugeloptik
PCT/DE2007/001680 WO2008034423A2 (fr) 2006-09-19 2007-09-19 Système optique comprenant une boule transparente, et utilisation de cette dernière

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EP2066985A2 true EP2066985A2 (fr) 2009-06-10

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US (1) US20090308377A1 (fr)
EP (1) EP2066985A2 (fr)
DE (2) DE102006044601A1 (fr)
WO (1) WO2008034423A2 (fr)

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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
WO2008034423A2 (fr) 2008-03-27
US20090308377A1 (en) 2009-12-17
DE102006044601A1 (de) 2008-03-27
WO2008034423A3 (fr) 2008-10-16
DE112007002236A5 (de) 2009-06-25

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