Classifications

• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
  • H04R—LOUDSPEAKERS, MICROPHONES, GRAMOPHONE PICK-UPS OR LIKE ACOUSTIC ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSDUCERS; DEAF-AID SETS; PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEMS
  • H04R1/00—Details of transducers, loudspeakers or microphones
  • H04R1/20—Arrangements for obtaining desired frequency or directional characteristics
  • H04R1/32—Arrangements for obtaining desired frequency or directional characteristics for obtaining desired directional characteristic only
  • H04R1/40—Arrangements for obtaining desired frequency or directional characteristics for obtaining desired directional characteristic only by combining a number of identical transducers
  • H04R1/403—Arrangements for obtaining desired frequency or directional characteristics for obtaining desired directional characteristic only by combining a number of identical transducers loud-speakers
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
  • H04R—LOUDSPEAKERS, MICROPHONES, GRAMOPHONE PICK-UPS OR LIKE ACOUSTIC ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSDUCERS; DEAF-AID SETS; PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEMS
  • H04R1/00—Details of transducers, loudspeakers or microphones
  • H04R1/20—Arrangements for obtaining desired frequency or directional characteristics
  • H04R1/22—Arrangements for obtaining desired frequency or directional characteristics for obtaining desired frequency characteristic only 
  • H04R1/26—Spatial arrangements of separate transducers responsive to two or more frequency ranges
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
  • H04R—LOUDSPEAKERS, MICROPHONES, GRAMOPHONE PICK-UPS OR LIKE ACOUSTIC ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSDUCERS; DEAF-AID SETS; PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEMS
  • H04R5/00—Stereophonic arrangements
  • H04R5/02—Spatial or constructional arrangements of loudspeakers

Definitions

• a loudspeaker system having at least two loudspeaker devices and a unit for processing an audio content signal
• the invention relates to a loudspeaker system including at least two standalone loudspeaker devices each comprising a frame with at least one array of first loudspeakers for reproducing sound in a higher frequency range, and at least one second loudspeaker for reproducing sound in a lower frequency range.
• the loudspeakers in such arrangements • are positioned close to each other to come close to the ideal full-range point source.
• multiple loudspeaker devices are far from ideal and suffer from acoustic phase, level and power irregularities around the crossover frequency, resulting in blur and coloration of the reproduced sound.
• crossover frequency means in this paper the frequency at which the electrically and/or mechanically and/or acoustically reduced sound level of the first loudspeaker and the electrically and/or mechanically and/or acoustically reduced sound level of the second loudspeaker are the same, wherein the sound pressure level of the combination of first and second loudspeaker is substantially balanced, measured at a distance of at least three meters from said combination.
• An electrical filter may be used to direct appropriate frequencies to a first speaker or a second speaker of a loudspeaker system and thus to reduce the sound level at other frequencies.
• multi-channel audio systems which comprise sound channels in addition to left and right sound channels. These systems are becoming more and more common in consumer's homes.
• a disadvantage of such a multi-channel audio system is the large number of transducers distributedly arranged in the listener's room. Moreover the necessary wiring is not always desirable.
• An alternative for the above described multi-channel audio systems is the application of devices each including an array of electro-acoustic transducers capable of generating beams of audible sound.
• Such array devices are capable of receiving multi-channel audio input signals and to produce steered beams of audible sound from different channels to create virtual sound sources with the aid of reflectioiis on wall and/or ceiling boundaries.
• phase shifting, delaying and/or leveling applied on an input signal may be used to realize the beaming.
• a system with such a device is known from WO 2004/075601 Al .
• This known system includes low-frequency transducers arranged at the perimeter of an array of electro- acoustic high frequency transducers.
• This array device is capable of receiving multiple audio or multi-channel audio input signals and to produce independently steerable and focusable beams of audible sound.
• Compact, i.e. small size, speaker array systems for domestic applications need small wide bandwidth transducers for covering the audible frequency range above about 100 to 200 Hz, in combination with a subwoofer for covering the frequency range below about 100 to 200 Hz.
• An efficient beaming of the low frequency content of an audio signal by means of a number of transducers requires a minimum distance of about half the wavelength of the reproduced sound between the outer transducers of an array of transducers. Therefore it is not easy to obtain beamed sound content of low to medium frequencies with a compact array system.
• the highest frequency content of an audio signal that can be beamed efficiently depends on the distance between neighboring transducers in the array; more precisely, this beaming requires small distances between the transducers.
• the distance between the transducers is limited by the transverse dimensions, usually the diameter, of the transducers.
• transverse dimensions usually the diameter
• transverse dimensions are required.
• the distance between the transducers in a speaker array device cannot be as small as desired for generating beamed high frequency sound output.
• the conventional compact array technology is a compromise on performance wherein use is made of transducers which each have to cover a wide bandwidth.
• An object of the invention is to provide a loudspeaker system of the kind as described in the preamble, which is able to reproduce sound of an improved quality with respect to the known similar systems.
• ⁇ vhich system includes at least two stand-alone multiple loudspeaker devices, each comprising a frame with at least one array of first loudspeakers (further also called tweeters) for reproducing sound in a higher frequency range, and at least one second loudspeaker (further also called woofer) for reproducing sound in a lower frequency range, the frequency ranges having a crossover frequency f c , which first loudspeakers each have a first radiation surface of maximal 1000 mm 2 and which second loudspeaker has a second radiation surface, in each device a central area of each first radiation surface being situated at a distance d, being a vertical distance, considered during use of the system, from a central area of the second radiation surface, wherein 750 Hz ⁇ f c ⁇ 3000 Hz.
• ⁇ f wherein /L is the wavelength of the reproduced sound at the crossover frequency, and wherein d is minimal 750 mm and maximal 3000 mm. and which system includes a means for processing sound content to generate individual signals for the first loudspeakers resulting, during use of the system, in a directional acoustic signal of the array of first loudspeakers of each device.
• the measures applied into the loudspeaker system according to the invention are based on a new design philosophy.
• This philosophy implies that there should be little or preferably no interference between the sound of the second loudspeaker- or loudspeakers - and the direct sound of the first loudspeakers.
• direct sound means in this paper the sound that arrives at a certain place directly from the sound source, thus without reflection. Due to the location of the second loudspeaker at a certain minimum distance d from the first loudspeakers - as worded above - a reduced interference is obtainable. For the sake of clarity it is noted that on normal use conditions the first loudspeakers are positioned above the second loudspeaker.
• diffuse sound By positioning the second loudspeaker near a partition, such as a floor, diffuse sound can be created in those places where the sound frequencies of first and second loudspeakers cross each other.
• diffuse sound means in this paper the sound that arrives at a certain place not directly from the sound source, but after reflection.
• the applied design philosophy further implies that the loudspeaker system is capable of effectively generating sound content without compromising the quality of the audio reproduction
• the combination of arrays of tweeters, as defined above, and the desc ⁇ bed means for processing enables the loudspeaker system according to the invention to process the frequency content of audio signals to generate individual signals and to direct these signals to the tweeters, whereby the arrays of tweeters generate well-defined sound beams in desired directions for different audio signals
• an essential aspect of the invention is that the frequency range of the beamed sound and the frequency range of the tweeters in the arrays of tweeters match, whereby a high quality of sound is guaranteed
• the sound quality of the loudspeaker system according to the invention is improved in terms of definition, clarity and holographic imaging w ith respect to similar state of the art loudspeaker systems For this reason the loudspeaker system according to the imention is suitable as a high fidelity device for audio reproduction as w ell as for TV, video and multi media sound reinforcement It offers a solution for current design and performance limitations related to multi-way loudspeaker arrangements
• the means for processing an audio content signal includes a unit for phase shifting, a unit for delaying and/or a unit for le ⁇ ehng dif ferent signals
• a unit for phase shifting e.g desc ⁇ bed in W 02005/091678A 1 , WO02/078388A2
• WO2005/091678A1 describes a method for processing sound signals for a surround left channel and a surround ⁇ ght channel Thereby, a continually varying delay betw een the resulting signals of these channels is generated
• WO02/078388A2 describes a method and apparatus for taking an input signal, replicating it a number of times and modifying each of the replicas before routing them to respective output transducers such that a desired sound field is created
• This sound field may comp ⁇ se a directed beam, focused beam or a simulated o ⁇ gin US 4,399,328 descnbes an electro-acoustic arrangement comprising a plurality of transducer units including an unev en number of spaced transducers situated in line and at an equal distances from each other
• These transducers are accommodated in a cabinet Connection terminals of the transducers are connected to an electrical transmission channel via individual amplitude control devices
• the amplitude control devices amplify or attenuate a signal and may have a phase-shifting or merely an invertion action.
• control devices are constituted by amplifiers or attenuators or by components such as resistors.
• the control devices are adjusted so that the ratios between conversion factors of the arrangement form a special relationship.
• a preferred embodiment of the loudspeaker device according to the invention has the parameters 1000 Hz ⁇ f c ⁇ 2000 Hz and ⁇ ⁇ 3. ⁇ f , particularly
• the lower- frequency range i.e. the frequency range of the second loudspeaker, extends from a resonance frequency up to the crossover-frequency.
• the second loudspeaker may have a frequency range from 20Hz to 1 OkHz (typical 50Hz-5kHz).
• the higher frequency range i.e. the frequency range of the first loudspeakers, extends upwardly from the crossover frequency.
• the first loudspeakers may have a frequency from 500Hz to 10OkHz (typical 800Hz-40kHz).
• a practical embodiment of the loudspeaker device according to the invention has the feature that the first radiation surface of the first loudspeaker has a circular outline and a diameter of 35 mm at the most.
• the direct radiation surface is preferable a part of a dome-shaped membrane.
• the second loudspeaker is situated underneath the arrays of first loudspeakers.
• the arrays of first loudspeakers are oriented substantially horizontally, at least during use of the system according to the invention.
• the first loudspeakers of an array are situated in line, and may be positioned at equal distances from each other.
• Each device may be provided with more than one array of first loudspeakers. This feature offers the possibility to beam in a vertical direction.
• the array or arrays of first loudspeakers may be curved. This feature improves the beaming of very high frequency signals.
• the number of first loudspeakers in an array is preferably at least three. Three or more speakers enable beaming of signals in a wide frequency bandwidth. Optimizing of distances between tweeters is possible.
• the invention further relates to a loudspeaker housing.
• This housing is in principle based on the same recognition as described in the foregoing paragraphs, particularly the issue that the second loudspeaker or loudspeakers must be positioned with respect to the array or arrays of first loudspeaker at such a distance that there is no or only minimal interference between the sound emanating from both kinds of speakers, and the issue of applying means for processing audio content for generating individual signal for input to the first loudspeakers resulting in stereo sound beams emanating from the array or arrays of first loudspeakers.
• the loudspeaker housing accommodates at least one array of first loudspeakers for reproducing sound in a higher frequency range, at least one second loudspeaker for reproducing sound in a lower frequency range, the frequency ranges defining a crossover frequency f c , which array of first loudspeakers is situated in a first face, preferably a front face, of the housing, wherein each first loudspeaker has a first radiation surface of maximal 1000 mm 2 , and which second loudspeaker is situated in a second face, not being the first face, of the housing and has a second radiation surface, a central area of each first radiation surface being situated, at least during use, at a vertical distance d with regard to a central area of the second radiation surface, wherein 750 Hz ⁇ f c ⁇ 3000 Hz, preferably 1000 Hz ⁇ f c ⁇ 2000 Hz, particularly 1500 Hz f c ⁇ 2000 Hz, and 150 mm ⁇ d ⁇
• the loudspeaker housing of the invention has the same benefits of the invention as aforesaid with reference to the loudspeaker system.
• a particular, specific and surprising characterizing feature of the loudspeaker housing of the invention is that the first loudspeakers are used for providing a direct sound field and the second loudspeaker(s) is/are used for providing a diffuse sound field, i.e. a field obtained after reflections.
• the invention also relates to an audio and/or video apparatus provided with a loudspeaker arrangement formed by the system according to the invention or having the housing according to the invention.
• the loudspeaker housing may be the housing of the apparatus itself or may be a kind of subhousing.
• the sound quality of the apparatus according to the invention is of a high-end level.
• the video apparatus may be a monitor.
• the invention relates to a stand-alone device meant and thus designed and constructed for use in the system according to the invention.
• This stand-alone device is defined in Claim 24.
• the German Gebrauchsmuster No. 83 04 832 discloses a loudspeaker arrangement in a TV apparatus.
• This known arrangement comprises more than one loudspeaker in case of mono sound reproduction and more than two loudspeakers in case of stereo sound reproduction.
• the known arrangement comprises a high- frequency loudspeaker and a low-frequency loudspeaker called subwoofer, and optionally comprises a middle-frequency loudspeaker.
• the high-frequency loudspeaker - and if present the middle- frequency loudspeaker - radiates from a front wall portion of the TV apparatus, while the subwoofer, which has a frequency range of 40 to 200 or 300 Hz, makes use of air openings to radiate from the rear side or bottom side of the TV apparatus.
• the known loudspeaker arrangement applied in the known TV apparatus has hardly any resemblance as to sound aspects with the loudspeaker arrangement applied in the apparatus according to the invention.
• the German Gebrauchsmuster 16 87 888 discloses a loudspeaker box which is provided with a high-frequency sound system and low-frequency speaker or a broadband system.
• the high-frequency sound system is such designed and arranged that it radiates sound with frequencies of about 1.000 Hz or higher not only from a front side but also in other directions, such as backwards.
• the applied high- frequency sound system has the specific feature of having a plurality of radiation surfaces.
• the known loudspeaker box is essentially different from the loudspeaker structures according to the invention.
• FIGs. 1 to 5, 6A to 6C , and 7 are schematic representations of embodiments of loudspeaker devices of the loudspeaker system according to the invention.
• Fig. 8 is a schematic front view of an embodiment of the loudspeaker housing according to the invention, applied in a TV-set;
• Fig. 9 is a schematic front view of an embodiment of the apparatus according to the invention.
• Fig. 10 is a block diagram showing an arrangement of speakers and a processing unit in accordance with an embodiment of the loudspeaker system according to the invention.
• each loudspeaker device FL, FR has a frame 3, which comprises a box 3a and a stem 3b, of e.g. a rod-like shape. A low end of the stem 3b is secured to the box 3a.
• the boxes 3a are meant for resting upon a face, such as the floor 4a or the like.
• An upper end of each stem 3b is provided with an array 5 of tweeters (first loudspeakers) 7 for reproducing sound in a higher-frequency range.
• Each tweeter 7 has a first radiation surface 9.
• Each box 3a is provided with a woofer (second loudspeaker) 1 1 having a second radiation surface 13 for reproducing sound in a lower-frequency range.
• the woofers 11 may be known woofers.
• the tweeters 7 may be conventionally available tweeters have e.g. dome-shaped membranes, however with the additional condition that the diameter of their effective radiation surfaces is maximal 35 mm, preferably smaller. In this example the diameter of the effective radiation face of each tweeter 7 is 30 mm.
• the crossover frequency f c of the speaker arrangement is 1.5 kHz.
• the frequency range of the tweeters 7 is 900 Hz to 30 kHz and the frequency range of the woofers 1 1 is 60 Hz to 5 kHz.
• the minimally required distance between the tweeters 7 and the woofer 1 1 i.e.
• the vertical distance d measured from a central area 9a to a central area 13a of the tweeters 7 and the woofers 1 1 , respectively, of each device YL, LR, is at least two times the wavelength ⁇ f of the reproduced sound at the crossover frequency; or in another notation d > 2.
• d is 900 mm.
• the wavelength ⁇ f at the crossover frequency can be determined by the quotient of sound velocity in air (about 340 m/s) and the crossover
• Each device YL, JR. may be provided with more than one array of tweeters 7 as is shown by way of example in Fig. 3.
• Each device JLL, YR may also be provided with more than one woofer 1 1 as is shown by way of example in Fig. 5.
• stand-alone loudspeaker devices without a woofer, thus having only one or more arrays of tweeters. In such case one or more stand-alone woofers are provided.
• the system according to the invention is provided with a means for processing audio content signals to generate individual signals for input to the tweeters 7, whereby the arrays 5 are capable of radiating directional acoustic signals,
• a means for processing audio content signals is diagrammatically shown.
• the array 5 of tweeters 7 of the device IL is capable of producing a surround left audio beam Bu and a front left and center audio beam B L2 .
• the array 5 of tweeters 7 of the device ]_R is capable of producing corresponding beams, i.e. a surround right audio beam B r j and a front right and center audio beam B R2 .
• the embodiment disclosed in Fig. 2 has a base 3a and a stem 3b, the base 3a being provided with a foot 10 for resting on a face, particularly a floor.
• the base 3a accommodates a woofer 1 1 with a radiation surface 13 positioned perpendicular to said face.
• the stem 3b carries an array 5 of three tweeters 7 each provided with a radiation surface 9 positioned parallel to the stem 3b for radiating sound toward a listener being in front of the loudspeaker device.
• the embodiment disclosed in Fig. 3 has a base 3a accommodating a woofer 1 1 with a second radiation surface 13 oriented perpendicular to a stem 3b.
• the stand-alone loudspeaker device I comprises a frame, i.e. the stem 3b. which carries three arrays 5a. 5b. 5c of tweeters 7 each having a first radiation surface 9.
• the vertical distance between a central area 9a of a radiation surface 9 of a tweeter 7 of the array 5a and the radiation surface 13 of the woofer 1 1 is the required distance d as defined in this paper.
• the embodiment disclosed in Fig. 4 has a support or frame 3 constituted by a rectangular box-like structure and housing an array 5 of five tweeter 7 and a woofer 1 1.
• the embodiment depicted in Fig. 5 includes an array 5 of five tweeters 7 as well as three or an array of three woofers 11.
• the embodiment disclosed in Fig. 6A comprises an array 5 of five tweeters 7 and a woofer 11.
• the array 5 is curved, i.e. the tweeters are situated in a curved line.
• the array 5 is depicted in an enlarged front view.
• Fig. 6C the array 5 is depicted in a corresponding top view.
• each of the tweeters 7 has a first radiation surface 9 of maximal 1000 mm 2 , and in all cases the distance d > 2. ⁇ f and 750 mm ⁇ d ⁇ 3000 mm, and 750 Hz ⁇ f c ⁇ 3000 Hz.
• the distance between neighboring tweeters 7 is indicated by the letter s and the distance between the outer tweeters 7 is indicated by the letter w. It is of common knowledge that the distances s and w must fulfill certain requirements in order to be able to beam efficiently. In this context it is informed that ail embodiments meet the following requirements:
• w beaming is possible. It is to be noted that c is the speed of sound. To produce multi-channel sound, sets of two and if desired more of such multiple loudspeaker devices can be formed.
• the effective diameter of a tweeter 7 is 25 mm.
• the loudspeaker housing 101 is constituted by a television housing 103 of a TV set having in its front face 103a a screen 104.
• the loudspeaker housing 101 comprises two arrays 105 of four tweeters 107 and further comprises two woofers 1 1 1.
• the tweeters 107 have radiation surfaces 109 which are positioned in or near the front face 103a of the television housing 103, so that they are able to radiate sound from the front face 103a.
• the woofers 1 1 1 are mounted such that their radiation surfaces 1 13 are positioned in or near a rear face of the television housing 103, so that they radiate sound during use from that face.
• the tweeters 107 are mounted at a high level in the housing KM and the woofers 111 are mounted at a low level in the housing.
• the loudspeaker arrangements applied in the loudspeaker housing 101 fulfill the following additional requirements: (1) the radiation surfaces 109 of the tweeters 107 each have a size of maximal 1000 mm 2 , (2) the crossover frequency f c is lying in the range from 750 Hz to 3000 Hz and (3) the tweeters 107 on the one hand and the woofers 1 1 1 on the other hand are positioned, measured from central area 109a to central area 1 13a, at a vertical distance d in the range from 150 mm to 1000 mm.
• the tweeters 107 are dome-shaped tweeters and 1500 Hz ⁇ f c ⁇ 2000 Hz. Ln this example the distance d is 350 mm.
• the loudspeaker housing 101 comprises a means ex emplarity depicted in Fig. 10 for processing audio content signals.
• Fig. 9 discloses an alternative for the housing depicted in Fig. 8.
• loudspeaker housing 101 two arrays of 105 of four speakers 107 each are mounted in the front face 103a, at a low level in the housing.
• a woofer 1 1 1 is mounted in a high level.
• this embodiment meets the requirements of the invention and is similar to the embodiment of Fig. 9.
• Fig. 10 shows an example of the loudspeaker system according to the invention, including an arrangement similar to the arrangement shown in Fig. 1 and including a means for processing audio signals to generate individual signals for input to the tweeters. More specifically, the depicted system comprises (1) two loudspeaker devices IL and j_R positioned on the left hand and the right hand, respectively, of an imaginary listener, wherein each device JJL and JR including an array 5 of tweeters 7 and a woofer 1 1 , (2) a processing unit 51 , (3) a filter unit 53 and (4) an amplifier unit 55 and an input unit 57.
• the processing unit 51 has a high frequency processing subunit 51 h and a low frequency processing subunit 51].
• the filter unit 53 has high pass filters 53j, and low pass filters 53].
• the amplifier unit 55 has individual amplifiers 55; serving as simple voltage amplifiers for amplifying output signals of the processing unit 51 to the recognized level to drive the individual tweeters and woofers.
• the input unit 57 serves in this example for receiving three input signals, i.e. a front signal if, a surround signal i s and a center signal i c , wherein the front signal i f includes a front left signal in and a front right signal i fr and the surround signal i s includes a surround left signal i sl and a surround right signal i sr .
• digital or analogue input channels of different audio channels in this example front, surround and center channels, may be applied.
• the input channels might originate from an external source or an internal source, such as a tuner, DVD device, CD-ROM device or a movie sound track, and are processed, during use of the system, such that the different input components, thus front, surround and center components, are individually available for further processing.
• the signals i f , i s and i c pass the filter unit 53, resulting in high pass signals i h and low pass signal ii.
• the reference frequency for filtering is the crossover frequency, this means that the high pass signals represent audio content above crossover frequency and low pass signals represent audio content below crossover frequency.
• the high pass filter signals ii are processed in the processing subunit 5I) 1 , wherein the high pass signals i h originating from input components, i.e. the input signals if, i s and i c , are mixed to complex signals I 0I and l cr meant for input, after passing the amplifier unit 55, to the tweeters 7 of the array IL and the array IR, respectively.
• the phase relations in said complex signals I c1 and I cr are such that the arrays U, and IR radiate different audio signals in well-defined different directions.
• the purpose of the processor sub unit 51 h is to mix the individual high passed components to provide audio input signals for the amplifiers of the amplifier unit 55 to achieve a desired acoustical directivity of the loudspeaker arrays JL and ⁇ R.
• individual directivity patterns for different components can be created, so that for instance front, center and surround components are beamed into different directions, e.g. corresponding to the audio beams B u , B L2 , B RI and B R2 shown in Fig. I .
• Algorithms may be applied in the above- described signal processing.
• are added to the processing sub unit 51 ].
• This sub unit 51 1 serves as a mixer that runs and levels the low passed components in order to create a stereo signal J 5 meant for input, after passing the amplifier unit 55, to the woofers 1 1 , being a left positioned and a right positioned woofer.
• phase and/or time of the individual low -passed components can be modified to support the surround effect of the tweeter arrays JX and _T_R.
• virtual sound can be created for frequencies below crossover frequency. In this way the sound that is created by the arrays JX, and VR of tweeters 7 may be completed with the virtual surround sound of the woofers 1 1.
• the audio content below crossover frequency can be processed, if desired, in a similar way as is described above in relation to audio content above crossover frequency, in order to beam sound of a frequency till a lowest frequency dependent on the distance between the outer woofers.
• a subwoofer may be additionally applied for reproducing only bass frequencies.
• the frequency range of such a subwoofer may be from the resonance frequency of the subwoofer to about 200 Hz.

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• Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Acoustics & Sound (AREA)
• Signal Processing (AREA)
• Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
• Otolaryngology (AREA)
• Obtaining Desirable Characteristics In Audible-Bandwidth Transducers (AREA)
• Details Of Audible-Bandwidth Transducers (AREA)
• Circuit For Audible Band Transducer (AREA)

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