EP2050100A2 - Système de délivrance de faisceau de rayons x stabilisé - Google Patents
Système de délivrance de faisceau de rayons x stabiliséInfo
- Publication number
- EP2050100A2 EP2050100A2 EP07823313A EP07823313A EP2050100A2 EP 2050100 A2 EP2050100 A2 EP 2050100A2 EP 07823313 A EP07823313 A EP 07823313A EP 07823313 A EP07823313 A EP 07823313A EP 2050100 A2 EP2050100 A2 EP 2050100A2
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- conditioning
- source
- source block
- shutter
- stabilizing
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
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Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05G—X-RAY TECHNIQUE
- H05G1/00—X-ray apparatus involving X-ray tubes; Circuits therefor
- H05G1/02—Constructional details
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G21—NUCLEAR PHYSICS; NUCLEAR ENGINEERING
- G21K—TECHNIQUES FOR HANDLING PARTICLES OR IONISING RADIATION NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; IRRADIATION DEVICES; GAMMA RAY OR X-RAY MICROSCOPES
- G21K1/00—Arrangements for handling particles or ionising radiation, e.g. focusing or moderating
- G21K1/02—Arrangements for handling particles or ionising radiation, e.g. focusing or moderating using diaphragms, collimators
- G21K1/04—Arrangements for handling particles or ionising radiation, e.g. focusing or moderating using diaphragms, collimators using variable diaphragms, shutters, choppers
Definitions
- the invention relates to X-ray beam delivery systems.
- Such X-ray beam delivery systems are used in particular in diffraction, reflectometry or X-ray fluorescence equipment.
- Such equipment finds applications, for example, in the field of metrology, and more particularly in the field of metrology to perform part controls or process drift controls for semiconductor manufacturing applications.
- the X-ray beam delivery system generates a beam that is directed to a sample to perform analyzes such as diffraction, fluorescence or reflectometry measurements.
- analyzes such as diffraction, fluorescence or reflectometry measurements.
- the analysis of the X-ray beam diffracted by the sample or the analysis of the RX fluorescence generated by this sample makes it possible to deduce characteristics of this sample, for example thicknesses of thin layers deposited on its surface. , mechanical stress levels of these thin layers, or phase analyzes of materials.
- These delivery systems usually include:
- a source block for generating an X-ray source beam through a source orifice comprises an X-ray source, a protective sheath for confining the source and means for cooling the source.
- shutter means controlled and intended to block the beam at the source orifice
- Source beam conditioning means making it possible to obtain at the level of the sample a delivered beam having desired characteristics.
- the delivery systems must allow to obtain beams having at the sample level precise characteristics.
- a beam at the sample level is usually characterized by the following parameters: "the size and shape of the beam.
- the beam projection on the sample is usually called spot or spot spot.
- spot spot the required beam, projected on a plane perpendicular to the direction of the beam, typically has dimensions less than 300 microns in a horizontal direction and a vertical direction, and a symmetrical shape in these two directions.
- the conditioning means are in particular intended to treat the source beam in order to obtain the desired characteristics at the level of the sample.
- the means. packaging can present:
- An optical block comprising an optical device for spatially and spectrally processing the source beam.
- the spectral effect typically corresponds to a monochromatization from a polychromatic spectrum emitted by the source. This spectral effect can also be a simultaneous reflection of several wavelengths while eliminating the background noise emitted by the source.
- the spatial effect typically corresponds to an optical focusing or collimation effect to focus the beam toward the sample. • a collimator designed to block the scattered X-rays
- shaping of the beam is thus typically provided by shaping orifices (hereinafter referred to by their Anglo-Saxon term "pinhole") placed in the collimator.
- pinhole shaping orifices
- an orifice placed at the end of the collimator will define the shape of the beam on the sample, this is the case of a collimator end placed near the sample.
- the conditioning means allow to monochromatize, focus or collimate the beam.
- Monochromatization corresponds to the filtration of a particular wavelength from a polychromatic spectrum emitted by the source
- the focusing makes it possible to obtain a convergent beam from the divergent beam coming from the source
- collimation aims to obtain a substantially parallel beam.
- the usual delivery systems do not allow satisfactory temporal or spatial stability of the RX spot on the sample.
- a spatial stability of the beam at the analysis zone of less than 50 microns, ie the variation of the position of the RX spot on the sample must be less than 50 microns, • a stability timing of the flow at the RX spot by plus or minus 5% (ie, the flux variation is within an interval defined by an average value and maximum and minimum values corresponding to the average value, respectively). increased by approximately 2.5% and the average value minus approximately 2.5%),
- the stability performances of existing delivery systems have even more penalizing limits when they include beam shaping orifices whose size is very small and typically has a diameter less than 100 ⁇ m.
- solutions proposing alignment and control systems of the position of the RX spot output with a servo on the alignment of the optical blocks and the collimator to overcome some misalignments do not allow to find a satisfactory stability in a reasonable delay.
- This stabilization of the beam must thus be able to be typically done in a few tens of seconds in the case of a hot opening, that is to say with a system put to sleep at a reduced power of the source, or in a few tens minutes in the case of cold ignition of the source.
- the aim of the invention is to improve the existing X-ray beam delivery systems and in particular to improve their spatial or temporal stability.
- an X-ray beam delivery system comprising a source block emitting an X-ray source beam, conditioning means for conditioning the source beam, is provided in the context of the present invention.
- the system further comprising stabilizing means arranged to thermally stabilize a zone of the system located downstream of the source block, to limit heat transfer to the conditioning means to prevent temperature disturbances at the level of the conditioning means.
- stabilizing means arranged to thermally stabilize a zone of the system located downstream of the source block, to limit heat transfer to the conditioning means to prevent temperature disturbances at the level of the conditioning means.
- the conditioning means are in fact protected from any external thermal disturbance, which may be derived from the devices surrounding the conditioning means (such as, for example, the sealing means), or even from the external temperature variation properly speaking.
- the X-ray beam delivery system may furthermore optionally have at least one of the following characteristics: the system comprises, downstream of the source block, means for closing the source block and the stabilizing means comprise shutter stabilizing means arranged so as to thermally stabilize the shutter means, the disturbances being generated by the shutter means.
- the system comprises, downstream of the source block, fast shut-off means and the stabilization means comprise fast shutter stabilization means arranged in such a way as to thermally stabilize the fast shut-off means, the disturbances being generated by the shut-off means fast.
- the closing means and the fast closure means comprise at least one control member generating the thermal disturbances, and the stabilizing means are directly in contact with the control member so as to thermally stabilize.
- the shut-off means and the fast shut-off means comprise at least one control element generating the thermal disturbances, the control element supports, and the stabilizing means are in contact with these supports so as to thermally stabilize them.
- control member is a coil or a servomotor.
- the stabilizing means comprise second stabilizing means arranged so as to thermally stabilize all or part of the conditioning means.
- the conditioning means comprise an optical block and / or a collimator.
- the system comprises a support bracket of the conditioning means, and the stabilizing means are arranged to thermally stabilize the bracket.
- the source block comprises a cooling zone
- the stabilization means are arranged so as to allow a transfer of heat from at least the zone to be stabilized towards the cooling zone of the source block.
- the stabilization means comprise at least one plate cooled by convection of a heat transfer liquid.
- the source block comprises a cooling zone
- the stabilization means comprise a plate of a conductive material in contact with the cooling zone on the one hand and with the zone to be stabilized on the other hand.
- the plate has a certain elasticity so as to absorb vibrations emitted by the sealing means.
- the stabilization means comprise at least one heat pipe.
- the source block comprises at least one cooling zone
- the heat pipe comprises a capacitor part associated with the cooling zone of the source block.
- the heat pipe comprises an evaporator part associated with the zone to be stabilized.
- the invention further relates to a method of stabilizing an X-ray beam generated by an X-ray beam delivery system comprising a source block emitting a source beam of X-ray, conditioning means for conditioning the source beam in the direction of a sample, in which a zone of the system located downstream of the source block is thermally stabilized, to limit heat transfer to the conditioning means with a view to to prevent the conditioning means from undergoing thermal disturbances.
- Figures 1a and 1b are perspective views of an X-ray beam delivery system according to an exemplary embodiment of the invention.
- FIGS. 2a to 2c are diagrams of exemplary X-ray beam delivery system having a first type of stabilizing means.
- Figures 3a to 3c are X-ray beam delivery system diagrams according to various exemplary embodiments and having a second type of stabilizing means. The invention will now be detailed with reference to the embodiments proposed in Figures la to 3c.
- the X-ray beam delivery system 1 comprises:
- the source block 100 The source block 100
- the source block 100 includes in particular a source for generating an X-ray source beam through a source orifice.
- the direction of propagation of the waves constituting the source beam defines an upstream direction and a downstream direction 11 in a direction of propagation determined by the direction of the beam delivered by the X-ray beam delivery system 1.
- the source block 100 comprises an X-ray tube disposed in a protective sheath, the sheath providing X-ray radiation protection and possibly a pre-cooling of the X-ray tube.
- the tube may be immersed in a heat-transfer fluid contained in the sheath and providing pre-cooling.
- the source block further comprises cooling means for maintaining the tube at temperatures typically below 45 ° C.
- these cooling means comprise a cooling shell 102.
- the cooling shell 102 is thus connected to a remote external heat exchanger for undoing the coolant heat that it has accumulated in the cooling shell.
- the connection is made at the inlet tips 104 and 105.
- the external heat exchanger, the cooling shell 102 are also connected to a remote pump of the beam delivery system to ensure the cycle of the coolant .
- the exchanger, the cooling shell, the connections and the pump thus define a closed circuit.
- the protective sheath may also be cooled by a radiator affixed for example above the source to ventilate the protective sheath.
- the cooling shell 102 of the source block 100 thus defines an outer envelope constituting a cooling zone 102 of the source.
- the X-ray tube is a low-power micro-focus tube.
- Low power means an X-ray source comprising an electron gun generating an electron beam of an electronic power typically less than 100 Watts (or of the order of a few hundred Watts), this electron beam being intended impacting the anode of the X-ray tube to generate X-rays of desired energy.
- the apparent focus of such a micro-focus source is typically less than 100 microns.
- the apparent focus corresponds to the focus as "seen” by the adjacent optical elements when these are typically placed at an angle of 6 ° to the tube anode surface (this angle corresponds to the angle of elevation of the optics relative to the surface of the anode of the tube and is commonly called in Anglo-Saxon term “take-off angle”).
- This type of X-ray tube is available from Oxford X-ray Technology based in Scott Valley, California, or from RTW Roentgentechnik GmbH.
- the amount of heat generated by the source is important which requires adequate sizing of the cooling capacity of the cooling system 1. It is specified that typically 99% of the power of the electron beam impacting the anode is dissipated into heat energy and 1% of the energy is dissipated in X-rays. A large part of the energy of the electron beam is thus dissipated. in thermal energy on the anode, the latter radiating part of this heat on the walls of the X-ray tube.
- the invention is not limited to the use of this type of tubes and higher power tubes may be used.
- the dimensioning of the cooling means of the source will have to be adapted.
- the source block 100 may comprise instead of a sealed tube an RX source of the rotating anode type.
- the tube may be an anode tube of copper, molybdenum or tungsten.
- the packaging means 500 The packaging means 500
- the purpose of the conditioning means 500 is to collect the beam emitted by the source and to process it spatially and spectrally in order to shape it in the direction of a sample. They are arranged downstream of the source block.
- Energy filtration and focusing or collimation are in particular ensured by an optical block 520 arranged in the direction of propagation of the beam, downstream of the source.
- the optics may be multi-layered optics or a natural crystal for X-ray diffraction, and shaped to provide a focus or collimation effect in one or two dimensions as needed.
- the optic can also be a monocapillary or polycapillary optic.
- the optics is included in a sarcophagus.
- This sarcophagus provides radiation protection and a vacuum or light inert gas Helium type of optics, to limit the absorption of X-rays.
- under vacuum also protects the surface against surface degradation phenomena activated by exposure X-rays in air.
- Alignment screws 540 align the optics and / or the sarcophagus with the source.
- mirrors producing one-dimensional or two-dimensional focusing or collimating effects may be used.
- mirrors with simple reflection having advanced forms of the type of those defined in FR 2 841 371 or even Kirkpatrick-Baez mirrors contiguous or dissociated may be used.
- the collimator 530
- the conditioning means 500 may also comprise a collimator 530 making it possible to shape the beam in order to obtain an RX spot of desired size and shape at the sample and to limit the background noise of the X-rays. disseminated.
- the attenuation of the background noise can be obtained for example by absorption of the scattered radiation on all the parts of the delivery system 1 by means of a combination of slots and baffles.
- the shaping of the beam makes it possible to obtain an RX spot of desired size and shape at the sample level.
- This shaping of the beam is typically obtained by means of dedicated orifices, designated hereafter by their usual and Anglo-Saxon terminology "pinhole”.
- Such pinhole may be disposed at the downstream end of the packaging means 500 in a support member 532 carried by an outlet nozzle 531.
- the pinhole mainly has a bore of very small and precise diameter through which the beam passes.
- the pinhole is close to the focal point of the optics close to the sample to be analyzed and has a diameter of its bore less than 100 microns.
- the diameter dimension of the pinhole is typically between 80 and 30 microns.
- the conditioning means 500 described above make it possible to obtain a bundle delivered having the following characteristics:
- a focussing ensured over a source-focal point distance of between approximately 40 and 60 cm, the sample being placed at the focal point or a few centimeters after the focal point,
- conditioning means 500 may be limited either to the optical block 520 or to the collimator 530.
- the shutter means 400 The shutter means 400
- the shutter means 400 comprise a control member 401, a control member support 402, a shutter.
- These shutter means 400 are arranged downstream of the source block 100.
- the role of the shutter means 400 is to ensure a blocking of the source beam at the source orifice.
- This blocking is provided by the shutter, which comprises a shutter plate in the form of a solid piece, a material sufficiently heavy to absorb the entire source beam.
- the displacement of the shutter from a blocking position of the beam to an open position of the source and vice versa is controlled by the control member 401.
- the shutter means 400 ensure the safety of the system 1 in that they block the source beam in any situation other than an operator controlled opening.
- This shutter is thus designed to be able to move and hold in the locked position in case of power failure.
- This type of shutter is thus commonly known as a safety shutter.
- the control member 401 comprises an electromagnet coil controlled from the outside by an operator. These coils can be surrounded by air, as shown in the example of Figure 1, which allows good thermal insulation and offers greater tolerance to vibrations possibly caused by the movement of the shutter in the shutter guide .
- the controls may also, in other devices, be in contact with the outer walls of these closure means 400.
- the controller 401 includes a servomotor.
- the control member support 402 allows stable mechanical maintenance of the control member 401 on the delivery system 1.
- the shutter may also be in the form of an enclosure for containing substantially sealing the control member 401.
- the system 1 also comprises a shutter guide providing the reciprocating guidance of the shutter between a source blocking position and an opening position of the source.
- rapid shutter means 450 have the role of ensuring a very fast and perfectly controlled blocking of the beam to allow very short exposure times of the sample.
- fast shutter means 450 are especially used for crystallography-type diffractometry applications.
- the response time of the fast shutter means is typically of the order of a few milliseconds, and the response time of the safety shut-off means is typically of the order of a few tens of milliseconds.
- These fast shutter means 450 may be arranged along the direction of the beam between the source block 100 and the downstream end of the X-ray beam delivery system 1.
- These fast shutter means 450 may operate in particular on a rotation principle as is known from the state of the art or on a sliding principle.
- Support brackets 450 may operate in particular on a rotation principle as is known from the state of the art or on a sliding principle.
- the choice of the stabilization means 800 and their arrangement in the system 1 also depend on the way in which the conditioning means 500 are linked to the other elements of the system 1.
- the conditioning means 500 are usually arranged cantilevered with respect to the block source 100, it is further possible to provide a support bracket 700 whose function is to ensure the mechanical strength and the rigidity of the system 1.
- This bracket 700 is disposed downstream of the source block 100.
- delivery systems including FIGS. 1a, 1b, 2b, 3a,
- FIG. 3c show examples, comprise a support square 700 forming a mechanical support for the conditioning means 500.
- This bracket 700 is generally in contact with a part of the closure means 400 and with a part of the conditioning means 500.
- FIGS. 2a, 2c, 3b propose system configurations 1 of delivery without a support square 700.
- the shutter means 400 and the packaging means 500 are supported by means of robust mechanical interfaces. These interfaces usually made of metal allow heat transfer by conduction.
- the stabilization means 800 The stabilization means 800
- the closure means 400 can generate a slight increase in temperature likely to influence the spatial and temporal stability of the beam. X-ray generated by the system. Indeed, once the opening actuated, the control member 401 consumes a power of a few watts to a few tens of Watts to keep the shutter in the open position. The control member 401 thus releases a thermal power. This thermal power can be released relatively continuously since the safety shutters can be kept open for several tens of minutes or several hours.
- thermal disturbances generated by the shutter means 400 propagate by conduction on the walls of the optical block 520 and the collimator 530 as well as on the shaping pins of the beam.
- the zones of the system 1 subjected to such temperature variations undergo a thermal expansion that can cause a spatial and temporal instability of the beam.
- the thermal disturbances are essentially generated by elements external to the conditioning means as such. It is therefore important to be able to limit these thermal disturbances generated from outside the conditioning means. Indeed, if the interaction of the X-ray beam with the active surface means In theory, the conditioning circuit can generate a heating of the latter, such an internal thermal disturbance can be neglected within the scope of the invention with regard to the considered fields of application for which the power dissipated at the level of the active surface is the same. order of a few milliwatts.
- the delivery system 1 comprises stabilization means 800. These stabilization means
- thermally stabilizing an area means maintaining this zone at a substantially constant temperature.
- These stabilization means 800 ensure a transfer of heat from an area to be stabilized to a cooled zone or thermally stabilized. Thus, the heat generated by the control member
- the conditioning means 500 are therefore not subject to temperature variations and the spatial and temporal stabilities of the X-ray beam delivery system 1 are therefore not disturbed.
- stabilization means 800 can be envisaged. Some of these solutions are described in detail below and should not be considered as limiting the teachings of the present invention.
- the stabilization means 800 are designated: shutter stabilization means if they are associated directly with the shutter means 400 and whose function is to ensure the stabilization of the shutter means 400, Second stabilization means if they are directly associated with the conditioning means 500, and whose function is to ensure the stabilization of the conditioning means 500,
- fast shutter stabilizing means if they are associated with the fast shutter means 450 and have the function of ensuring the stabilization of the fast shutter means 450.
- An area of the system 1 stabilized by stabilizing means 800 is designated thereafter zone to be stabilized.
- the areas to be stabilized are located downstream of the source block 100.
- the cooling means of the source are not disposed downstream of the source block 100 and are therefore not stabilizing means 800 within the meaning of the present application.
- the location of the zone to be stabilized must be chosen so as to prevent temperature disturbances from reaching the conditioning means.
- These stabilization means 800 are intended to carry out a transfer of heat between two zones by thermal conduction.
- This thermal conduction may in particular be ensured by bringing the zone to be stabilized into contact with one or more of the following heat transfer elements:
- Shutter stabilization means associated with the supports of the control member 401.
- the stabilizing means 800 may comprise a cooled part 830 by convection of a heat transfer liquid.
- This part may in particular be a cooled part by forced convection of a heat transfer liquid circulating inside the room.
- the liquid can thus circulate in a coil inserted in the room to ensure a guided flow.
- the cooled part 830 can be connected to the cooling circuit of the cooling shell 102 of the source if it is cooled by forced convection with the same type of heat transfer liquid.
- This cooled part 830 may be placed in contact with the supports of the control member 401, in particular on the opposite side to the source block, in order to improve the compactness of the system in order to position the conditioning means as close as possible to the source, which increases the solid angles of collection at the level of optics.
- This principle is illustrated in Figures 2a, 2b, 2c.
- the cooled part is also in contact with this bracket 700 to ensure stabilization of both the optical block 520 collimator 530.
- This configuration is shown in Figure 2b.
- an aluminum part about 1 cm thick cooled by circulation of brine with a temperature of 25 ° C at the input of the piece stabilizes the system 1 to achieve the performance mentioned above.
- the interface piece 600 providing mechanical support between the source block 100 and the conditioning means 500 must be dimensioned so as to ensure sufficient mechanical strength of the system 1 despite the provision cantilever of the conditioning means 500 with respect to the source block 100.
- This interface piece 600 is therefore likely to be more massive and to have a surface contact with the shutter means 400 larger than in the case of an assembly with bracket 700.
- This interface piece 600 therefore tends to favor thermal exchanges between the various elements of the system 1.
- a cooled part 830 as described above between the interface piece 600 and the conditioning means 500.
- Such a cooled part 830 has a thickness of about 1 cm.
- Figure 2c provides an example of this configuration.
- the supports of the control member 401 are in contact with a highly conductive part.
- This highly conductive part 810 is for example made of a metal including copper, or aluminum.
- the copper parts will be especially nickel-plated copper in order to limit copper contamination which is highly undesirable for this industry.
- This highly conductive part 810 thus provides a thermal bridge between these two elements and thus promotes thermal transfer by conduction of the heat generated by the control member 401 to the cooling zone 102 of the source block 100.
- an aluminum cooling shell whose outer surface is maintained at an ambient temperature of the order of 25 ° C., for example through forced convection cooling of a coolant circulating in the shell, and associated with the highly conductive part 810 ensures such cooling.
- This stabilization solution involving a strongly conductive part 810 provides a good stabilization of the shutter means 400 and a greatly reduced size.
- the shutter means 400 comprise a shutter passing from an open position to a sliding lock position
- the highly conductive part 810 has a certain elasticity.
- the vibrations generated by the friction due to the sliding of the shutter and mechanically transmitted to the supports of the control member 401 are damped by the highly conductive part.
- Such a highly conductive part 810 may especially consist of a thin sheet of copper or aluminum. This plate has for example a thickness of 1 mm.
- this highly conductive part 810 has a bend formed by bending. Such a geometry makes it possible to substantially increase the capacity of this part to absorb the vibrations generated by the sliding of the shutter.
- a stabilization of the shutter means 400 by contacting a highly conductive part 810 is particularly effective for the stabilization of a coil consuming a power of the order of 20 Watts. o 850 heat pipes
- the stabilization means 800 comprise a heat pipe 850 or a heat pipe network.
- Heatpipes 850 are used very effectively to remove a significant amount of heat from a limited contact area.
- a heat pipe 850 usually has a hermetic enclosure which encloses a liquid in equilibrium with its vapor phase. The heat transfer is carried out passively, by cycles of evaporation of the liquid on the part to be cooled designated evaporator zone 851 and condensation on the cold part called condenser zone 852.
- the steam flows from the evaporator zone 851 to the capacitor zone 852 by overpressure and the condensate flows in the opposite direction by capillary action.
- This effect can be caused by a porous medium disposed on the inner walls of the capillary. The effect may be accentuated by the gravity resulting from inclination of the tube.
- Heat pipe cooling 850 has the advantage of easily integrating into an X-ray beam delivery system 1 because it does not require water connections.
- the heat pipes 850 therefore offer a great deal of flexibility in the design of the configurations of the X-ray beam delivery systems.
- heat pipes have a very good thermal efficiency. Indeed, the thermal conductivity of a heat pipe 850 is a thousand times greater than that of a copper tube of equivalent dimensions.
- heat pipes 850 may be provided to arrange these heat pipes 850 as follows: Contacting the evaporator zone 851 of the heat pipe 850 with the zone to be stabilized and,
- the thermal stabilization of the zones to be stabilized is ensured by the arrangement of heat pipe 850 without additional radiators, the cooling of the condenser part of the heat pipes 850 being ensured by the cooling zone 102 of the source block 100.
- the Use of the heat pipes is particularly advantageous in the case where the area to be stabilized is located at a significant distance, typically greater than a few centimeters from the cooling zone of the source because of its high thermal conductivity. This principle is illustrated in particular in FIG. 3c, where a heat pipe 850 is used to evacuate the calories of a quick shutter 450 which can thus be placed approximately 20 centimeters from the source block 100.
- Heat pipes may also be used effectively to effect a thermal bridge between the cooling zone 102 of the source block 100 and the zone to be stabilized when this thermal bridge is to be made through a part made of a material with a low thermal conductivity such as than stainless steel.
- bracket 700 For assemblies with bracket 700, it will also be possible to provide heat pipes 850 whose evaporator zone 851 is associated with bracket 700 to prevent the latter from forming a thermal bridge between closure means 400 and the conditioning means 500.
- Shutter stabilization means directly associated with the control member 401.
- the shutter stabilizing means are directly associated with the control member 401.
- it can be expected to have in contact with the coil an element of high thermal conductivity.
- control member 401 comprises a servomotor
- the element of high thermal conductivity is disposed in contact with the heat generating portion of the booster.
- control member supports 402 form an enclosure containing the coil, it can also be provided to circulate in the chamber, a heat transfer fluid for a particularly efficient heat exchange between the coil and the fluid.
- the delivery system 1 comprises other stabilizing means 800 associated with the conditioning means 500 and designated second stabilizing means.
- These second stabilization means are intended to stabilize the conditioning means 500 subjected to heat transfer generated by the closure means.
- these second stabilization means are intended to prevent a variation in the temperature of the ambient medium from influencing the conditioning means 500.
- the variation in ambient temperature may be a variation in the general temperature of the room. the room surrounding the water delivery system or a localized temperature variation, for example at the sample that can be heated to high temperature for experimental purposes or raised to very low temperature so as not to be degraded (in the case of organic samples).
- the second stabilization means make it possible both to stabilize the conditioning means 500 subjected to a heat transfer generated by the closure means, and to prevent a variation in the temperature of the ambient medium from influencing the conditioning means 500.
- the heat transfer elements that comprise the stabilization means 800 mentioned previously about the shutter stabilizing means can also be used to form the second stabilizing means.
- At least one cooled part by convection of a heat transfer fluid At least one cooled part by convection of a heat transfer fluid
- At least one piece of strong thermal conduction At least one piece of strong thermal conduction.
- the bars 811 of a conductive material (aluminum or copper) with a diameter of the order of a few millimeters can be used to stabilize the support bracket 700.
- the system 1 actually comprises two aluminum bars placed symmetrically with respect to the vertical plane (YZ plane in Figure la).
- one or more heat pipes 850 can also be associated directly with the optical block 520.
- the evaporator zone 851 of the heat pipe 850 is in contact with the optical block 520 while the capacitor zone 852 of the same heat pipe 850 is in contact with the cooling zone 102 of the source block 100. It can also be provided that the collimator 530 is in contact with the evaporator zone 851 of a heat pipe 850 whose capacitor zone 852 is in contact with the cooling zone 102 of the source block 100.
- Such solutions provide a stabilization of the cooling means.
- 500 packaging are all the more advantageous that these conditioning means 500 play a major role in the spatial and temporal stability of the delivered beam.
- the thermal stabilization of the pinhole is particularly decisive.
- the pinhole tightly conditions the size of the RX spot at the sample level, and because of its very small size it is particularly sensitive to any variation in temperature.
- an embodiment of the invention comprises stabilization means 800 associated with fast shutter means 450. These stabilization means 800 are designated rapid shutter stabilization means.
- these rapid shutter stabilization means may comprise one of the following heat transfer elements or a combination of these heat transfer elements:
- At least one cooled part by convection of a coolant or
- fast closing means 450 are arranged between the optical block 520 and the collimator 530.
- Fast shut-off means 450 comprising a heat pipe 850 make it possible to stabilize these fast shut-off means 450.
- the evaporator zone 851 of the heat pipe 850 is in contact with the fast shut-off means 450 while the condenser zone 852 of the same heat pipe 850 is in contact with the cooling zone 102 of the source block 100.
- the source consists of a tube operating with a power of the order of 50 Watts, and comprises cooling means 102 for discharging a thermal power of the order of 100 Watts thus ensuring a stabilization of the source but also a stabilization of the sealing means and means of packaging.
- the X-ray beam delivery systems according to the invention typically achieve the following performance:
- a spatial stability of the RX spot at the analysis zone of less than 50 microns, and typically of the order of 20 microns,
- the rise in temperature of the conditioning means 500 following the opening of the source is typically less than 1 ° C.
- the X-ray beam delivery systems thus obtained are particularly suitable for applications of X-ray diffraction or X-ray fluorescence requiring high stability constraints.
- Such X-ray beam delivery systems are particularly advantageous in the field of semiconductor fabrication for controlling process drifts.
- the X-ray beam delivery systems according to the invention offer a very good spatial and temporal stability.
- these spatial and temporal stability performances are obtained independently of the number of openings of the shutter means and independently of the ambient temperature variations.
- the bulk of a beam delivery system according to the examples mentioned above and comprising an optical block and a collimator may typically have a length of 50 cm.
- the same system may comprise several heat transfer elements of different natures, each of these elements being associated with a respective stabilization zone.
- shutter stabilizing means may comprise both a part with a high thermal conductivity and a cooled part convection of a heat transfer liquid.
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- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Spectroscopy & Molecular Physics (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- High Energy & Nuclear Physics (AREA)
- X-Ray Techniques (AREA)
- Apparatus For Radiation Diagnosis (AREA)
- Analysing Materials By The Use Of Radiation (AREA)
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
FR0606766A FR2904176A1 (fr) | 2006-07-24 | 2006-07-24 | Systeme de delivrance de faisceau de rayons x stabilise |
PCT/FR2007/001252 WO2008012419A2 (fr) | 2006-07-24 | 2007-07-20 | Système de délivrance de faisceau de rayons x stabilisé |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP2050100A2 true EP2050100A2 (fr) | 2009-04-22 |
EP2050100B1 EP2050100B1 (fr) | 2011-06-01 |
Family
ID=37708129
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP07823313A Active EP2050100B1 (fr) | 2006-07-24 | 2007-07-20 | Système de délivrance de faisceau de rayons x stabilisé |
Country Status (4)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP2050100B1 (fr) |
AT (1) | ATE511695T1 (fr) |
FR (1) | FR2904176A1 (fr) |
WO (1) | WO2008012419A2 (fr) |
Cited By (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US9666322B2 (en) | 2014-02-23 | 2017-05-30 | Bruker Jv Israel Ltd | X-ray source assembly |
US9748070B1 (en) | 2014-09-17 | 2017-08-29 | Bruker Jv Israel Ltd. | X-ray tube anode |
US11302508B2 (en) | 2018-11-08 | 2022-04-12 | Bruker Technologies Ltd. | X-ray tube |
Family Cites Families (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US6377655B1 (en) * | 1998-05-08 | 2002-04-23 | Nikon Corporation | Reflective mirror for soft x-ray exposure apparatus |
EP1376239A3 (fr) * | 2002-06-25 | 2005-06-29 | Nikon Corporation | Dispositif de refroidissement pour élément optique |
GB0306829D0 (en) * | 2003-03-25 | 2003-04-30 | Oxford Diffraction Ltd | High flux x-ray source |
US7483223B2 (en) * | 2004-05-06 | 2009-01-27 | Carl Zeiss Smt Ag | Optical component having an improved transient thermal behavior and method for improving the transient thermal behavior of an optical component |
WO2007051537A2 (fr) * | 2005-11-02 | 2007-05-10 | University College Dublin, National University Of Ireland, Dublin | Systeme de lampe uv extreme haute puissance |
-
2006
- 2006-07-24 FR FR0606766A patent/FR2904176A1/fr active Pending
-
2007
- 2007-07-20 AT AT07823313T patent/ATE511695T1/de not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2007-07-20 EP EP07823313A patent/EP2050100B1/fr active Active
- 2007-07-20 WO PCT/FR2007/001252 patent/WO2008012419A2/fr active Application Filing
Non-Patent Citations (1)
Title |
---|
See references of WO2008012419A3 * |
Cited By (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US9666322B2 (en) | 2014-02-23 | 2017-05-30 | Bruker Jv Israel Ltd | X-ray source assembly |
US9748070B1 (en) | 2014-09-17 | 2017-08-29 | Bruker Jv Israel Ltd. | X-ray tube anode |
US11302508B2 (en) | 2018-11-08 | 2022-04-12 | Bruker Technologies Ltd. | X-ray tube |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
FR2904176A1 (fr) | 2008-01-25 |
WO2008012419A3 (fr) | 2008-08-21 |
WO2008012419A2 (fr) | 2008-01-31 |
ATE511695T1 (de) | 2011-06-15 |
EP2050100B1 (fr) | 2011-06-01 |
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