EP2048912A1 - Elektrischer Ofen mit wärmestrahlenden Glasplatten - Google Patents

Elektrischer Ofen mit wärmestrahlenden Glasplatten Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2048912A1
EP2048912A1 EP08159558A EP08159558A EP2048912A1 EP 2048912 A1 EP2048912 A1 EP 2048912A1 EP 08159558 A EP08159558 A EP 08159558A EP 08159558 A EP08159558 A EP 08159558A EP 2048912 A1 EP2048912 A1 EP 2048912A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
oven
resistive
furnace
layer
emissivity
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP08159558A
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
Françoise MENNECHEZ
Michael Bourgeois
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Saint Gobain Glass France SAS
Compagnie de Saint Gobain SA
Original Assignee
Saint Gobain Glass France SAS
Compagnie de Saint Gobain SA
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Saint Gobain Glass France SAS, Compagnie de Saint Gobain SA filed Critical Saint Gobain Glass France SAS
Publication of EP2048912A1 publication Critical patent/EP2048912A1/de
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24C—DOMESTIC STOVES OR RANGES ; DETAILS OF DOMESTIC STOVES OR RANGES, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F24C7/00—Stoves or ranges heated by electric energy
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24C—DOMESTIC STOVES OR RANGES ; DETAILS OF DOMESTIC STOVES OR RANGES, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F24C7/00—Stoves or ranges heated by electric energy
    • F24C7/04—Stoves or ranges heated by electric energy with heat radiated directly from the heating element
    • F24C7/046—Ranges
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B3/00—Ohmic-resistance heating
    • H05B3/0033—Heating devices using lamps
    • H05B3/0071—Heating devices using lamps for domestic applications
    • H05B3/0076—Heating devices using lamps for domestic applications for cooking, e.g. in ovens
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B3/00—Ohmic-resistance heating
    • H05B3/20—Heating elements having extended surface area substantially in a two-dimensional plane, e.g. plate-heater
    • H05B3/22—Heating elements having extended surface area substantially in a two-dimensional plane, e.g. plate-heater non-flexible
    • H05B3/26—Heating elements having extended surface area substantially in a two-dimensional plane, e.g. plate-heater non-flexible heating conductor mounted on insulating base
    • H05B3/265—Heating elements having extended surface area substantially in a two-dimensional plane, e.g. plate-heater non-flexible heating conductor mounted on insulating base the insulating base being an inorganic material, e.g. ceramic
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B3/00—Ohmic-resistance heating
    • H05B3/84—Heating arrangements specially adapted for transparent or reflecting areas, e.g. for demisting or de-icing windows, mirrors or vehicle windshields
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B2203/00—Aspects relating to Ohmic resistive heating covered by group H05B3/00
    • H05B2203/013—Heaters using resistive films or coatings

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the field of domestic cooking appliances and more particularly electric ovens.
  • the interior of the furnace is made up of five sides: a bottom, two walls of sides, a high wall called vault and a low wall, called sole.
  • a typical electric furnace comprises as heating elements a roof strength, a hearth resistance and possibly a grill resistance.
  • the different resistances can be activated alone or in combination, the adjustment of their power is usually done by means of a switch, whose different positions can ensure the choice of preheating functions, grilling or cooking at different speeds, for example soft, medium or strong.
  • a thermostat adjusts the cooking temperature to the desired value.
  • the adjustment range is generally wide from 90 to 150 ° C up to 250 ° -260 ° C or even higher, for example up to 285 ° C or more for a pizza function, so as to achieve the conditions of optimal cooking for all the different possible preparations.
  • the oven operates on the principle of natural convection or forced on some models.
  • the air of the enclosure is heated by the resistances of vault and sole and circulates naturally in the enclosure.
  • the main advantage of this type of cooking is that the cooking takes place in a closed atmosphere, without the addition of outside air, thus allowing to keep the preparations all their softness (limitation of the evaporation, therefore of the drying up) .
  • the enamel is ultra-smooth and can withstand temperatures above 500 ° C.
  • the cleaning is obtained by pyrolysis, bringing the inside of the oven to 500 ° C.
  • the present invention relates to an oven for solving or at least substantially reduce the previous problems characterizing conventional convection ovens.
  • the present invention relates to an electric furnace, comprising in its inner part at least one heating element with a substantially radiative component serving as oven resistance, comprising at least one thermally and mechanically resistant glass sheet, covered with a transparent thin layer resistive and low-emissivity in which the electricity passing through it is converted into heat by Joule effect, said layer being configured so that the power flux-density released by the element is between 3 000 W / m 2 and 10 000 W / m 2 , under a voltage of 220 volts.
  • the radiative component heating element may be at least partly the oven hearth resistance, the heating element being disposed in the oven so that the low emissivity resistive layer is turned away from the oven cavity .
  • the radiative component heating element may also be at least partly the vault strength of the furnace, the heating element being disposed in the furnace such that the low emissivity resistive layer is turned away from the cavity of the furnace. oven.
  • the side walls of the furnace and possibly the bottom of the furnace consist at least partly of plates comprising a thermally and mechanically resistant glass sheet, covered with a low-emissivity thin layer, said layer being turned away from the internal cavity of the oven.
  • the low-emissivity thin layers covering the side plates are also resistive, so that the electricity that passes through them is converted into heat by the Joule effect.
  • the oven according to the invention is transparent and consists of a first chamber defining with the door of said oven its internal cavity.
  • This first chamber is obtained by the assembly of radiative component heating elements as previously described.
  • a second enclosure consisting of glass plates, optionally coated with a low layer emissivity on at least a portion of their face turned towards the inside of the furnace, surrounds the first enclosure. Said first and said second enclosure are held together and remotely by means of connection and spacing.
  • the square resistance of the resistive layers is between 2 and 30 ⁇ / ⁇ .
  • the thickness of the resistive layers is between 10 and 2000 nanometers, preferably between 100 and 1000 nm.
  • the resistive layer is, for example, an infrared reflecting low-emissivity layer of tin oxide type doped with antimony or with fluorine or indium oxide doped with tin.
  • the glass plate is typically constituted by a thermally resistant glass and whose electrical conductivity is less than 0.1 ⁇ / ⁇ at the operating temperature of the heating element, preferably borosilicate-based glasses or vitro-ceramics or alkaline earth soda-lime glasses of composition adapted to high temperature use such as Safe® glass marketed by the applicant.
  • the glass compositions are for example of the silico-soda-lime type.
  • the expression silico-soda-lime is used here in the broad sense and concerns any glass composition consisting of a glass matrix which comprises the following constituents (in percentage by weight): SiO 2 64 - 75% Al 2 O 3 0 - 5% B 2 O 3 0 - 5% CaO 5 - 15% MgO 0 - 10% Na 2 O 10 - 18% K 2 O 0 - 5% BaO 0 - 5%
  • compositions adapted to the present invention have the following mass proportions. SiO 2 58-76% B 2 O 3 3-18% Al 2 O 3 4-22% MgO 0-8% CaO 1-12% SrO 0-5% BaO 0-3% and more particularly : SiO 2 58-70% B 2 O 3 3-15% Al 2 O 3 12-22% MgO 0-8% CaO 2-12% SrO 0-3% BaO ⁇ 0.5%
  • compositions have expansion coefficients of less than 35 ⁇ 10 -7 / ° C., and a lower annealing temperature of greater than 650 ° C.
  • Eagle 200® glass sold by Corning Inc. is an example of this family of glasses.
  • the glasses containing boron have a thermomechanical resistance capable of rendering them usable for the present application: SiO 2 78-86% B 2 O 3 8-15% Al 2 O 3 0, 9-5% MgO 0-2% CaO 0-1.5% Na 2 O 0-3% K 2 O 0-7%
  • compositions are the Pyrex ® marketed by Corning Inc.
  • the glass sheets are further quenched in order to improve their resistance to thermal shocks.
  • the device is configured according to the present invention to be connected to the sector by means of electrically conductive bands of the current, in intimate electrical contact with the resistive layer.
  • Various hot plates according to the invention made in a Safe® glass marketed by the company Saint Gobain Glass France and coated with a layer 8 of fluorine-doped tin oxide F (SnO 2 : F), of variable thickness, typically between 100 and 1000 nm, were synthesized according to techniques of the art.
  • the layer 8 is deposited, for example by CVD, on the hot substrate, in order to improve the temperature resistance of the heating plate finally obtained.
  • the resistive layers 8 of SnO 2 : F according to their position in the furnace as will be described later, have a square resistance ranging between 2 and 30 ⁇ / ⁇ approximately.
  • the figure 1 discloses a heating resistive plate 5 thus formed which can be connected via conductive strips 6 and connection means 7 to a power supply network at 220 volts, then having a pfd greater than 3000 W / m 2 .
  • the conductive strips 6 are arranged along the vertical edges of the glass plate 9 and constitute bus supply of the current to the resistive layer 8.
  • a connection wire 7 In the lower part of each strip is disposed a connection wire 7 to the network 220 volts.
  • the mode of figure 1 is purely illustrative and variants would not be outside the scope of the invention, in particular associating one or more resistive layers distributed on the glass plate in different electrical resistance zones arranged either in series or in parallel, for example according to the principles described in the patent EP 878 980 B1 . Each zone can be characterized by a clean power, as will be described later.
  • the arrival of the current is effected by means of two conductive copper lines screen-printed or glued, placed in close electrical contact with the resistive layer of SnO 2 : F.
  • the electrodes thus formed can also be positioned under the conductive layer. Complementary copper lines of the same type may be deposited at the interior of this gap, then allowing, by an appropriate connection, to connect in series the resistors corresponding to the surfaces thus delimited by the different resistive zones.
  • the resistive layers according to the invention behave as electrical resistances whose value depends on the ratio of their dimensions.
  • the resistive layer heats up when it is energized by the Joule effect, and, by conduction, also heats the glass plate.
  • the surface of the glass, opposite to the layer, is electrically insulating.
  • the plate thus obtained is characterized by a low emissivity and a high reflectivity in the infrared and glass side by a high emissivity in the thermal infrared (wavelength of 5 to 20 ⁇ m), as will be explained further in the description.
  • FIG 2 schematically shows a sectional view and elevation of a radiative heating component furnace according to the invention.
  • the oven 11 comprises an inner part or muffle 12 itself composed of a bottom 13, two side walls 14 and 15, a roof 16 and a floor 17.
  • a door, known technology (not shown on the figure 2 ) allows the closure and insulation of the internal cavity 12 according to the means conventionally used.
  • the bottom 13, the walls 14 and 15, the roof 16 and the floor 17 are formed over most of their surface by heating plates numbered 55, 54, 53, 52 and 51 respectively on the figure 2 . These plates all incorporate an optionally tempered glass sheet 9 coated on one side with a resistive layer 8, as described in connection with the figure 1 .
  • the plates 51 to 55 are arranged in the enclosure of the furnace so that their resistive layer 8 is turned away from the internal cavity 12 of the furnace 11, that is to say that their glass face constitutes the inner element of the wall of the cavity 12, such as that this is illustrated on the figure 1 .
  • the material is furthermore also chosen sufficiently flexible and flexible to withstand the expansion and possible deformations of the glass plates, under the effect of temperature.
  • the set of elements forming the internal cavity is insulated and insulated by insulating plates 19 made of a material known in this function, a metal casing 20 covering said insulation.
  • the casing 20 is for example a steel formwork for a built-in oven or an external metal casing coated with enamel, in the case of an autonomous furnace.
  • the plates 51 and 52 are connected via conductive strips and connection means to a 220-volt power supply network.
  • the surface and the thickness of the layers 51 and 52, as well as the shape and the number of said layers on the glass support 9, are calculated or adjusted, for example by cooking aptitude tests, for that the power radiated by each of the two panels is adapted to any type of cooking.
  • the adjustment and homogeneity of the temperature in the cavity can be advantageously controlled in an oven according to the present invention very effectively by modulating the radiated power, in particular by acting on the intensity of the current flowing in the resistive layer.
  • the volume of the internal cavity of a domestic oven according to the invention is of the order of 40 to 50 dm 3 .
  • the total power radiated by the resistive layer disposed in the vault is of the order of 800 to 1200 Watts and the total power radiated by the resistive layer disposed in the sole is of the order of 1200 to 1600 Watts.
  • Wall elements 53 and 54 and possibly bottom 55 may also be connected via conductive strips to the electricity network. This configuration advantageously makes it possible, on the one hand, to further regulate the homogeneity of the temperature within the cavity of the oven, but also to allow grilling and / or roasting functions without having to open the oven door frequently, in particular to return the meat or put it to the boil.
  • the elements 52 at 55 are only in the form of a glass plate provided with a low emissivity layer, on the face opposite the cavity 12, without means of connection to the network.
  • each face is proportional to their respective emissivities, it follows that the behavior of the two faces of the elements 51 and 52, possibly elements 53 to 55, is thus strongly dissymmetrical from the point of view of the radiation emitted by the glass. This advantageously leads to the great majority of thermal radiation being emitted by the heating elements towards the interior of the cavity 12.
  • the elements 53 to 55 When they are not connected to the network, the elements 53 to 55 also make it possible, by virtue of the low emissivity character of the SnO 2 : F layer covering them, to confine most of the radiation in the cavity of the furnace, by reflecting most of the radiation to the inside of it.
  • this layer property 8 combined with their positioning on the plates 5 opposite the cavity 12, furthermore makes it possible to minimize the required thickness of the heat-sealing insulating layer 19, especially at the level of the walls of the vault and sole and consequently reduce the total size of the oven and / or increase the useful volume of the oven for cooking, that is to say the volume defined by the muffle.
  • the present oven also allows extremely easy cleaning of the walls constituting the cavity of the oven, since these are essentially made of glass.
  • the resistive layers 8 of the various heating plates 5 are arranged on the side of the insulation 19 and are therefore not accessible to the user via the inside of the oven, which allows on the one hand to eliminate the problem of cleaning of conventional resistors, unresolved to date, and on the other hand compliance with current electrical safety standards.
  • the figure 3 illustrates, in a front elevational view, another embodiment of the invention wherein the inner and outer walls of the furnace are made entirely of glass, so as to make it transparent.
  • the furnace muffle consists entirely of glass plates.
  • the plates 51 to 55 used all incorporate a glass sheet 9 coated, on the side facing away from the internal cavity 12, with a resistive layer 8.
  • the plates 51 to 55 may be bonded together by any material known for this purpose and resistant to temperature.
  • the glass plates 51 to 55 are surrounded by a second glass enclosure constituted by the assembly of plates 61 to 65. These plates are made integral with the plates 51 to 55 and maintained at a distance that may range from a few mm to a few cm from the latter by means of spacing and connecting means such as glass studs 30 of cylindrical shape distributed over all the surfaces of the plates.
  • the enclosure constituted by the plates 61 to 65 constitutes in this mode the outer envelope of the oven.
  • the plates 61 to 65 are coated with a low emissivity layer 31 of the type previously described on their entire face turned towards the inside of the oven. These low-emissivity layers make it possible to reflect the infrared radiation coming from the cavity 12 and to confine the heat in the space 32 delimited between the plates 51-55 and the plates 61-65, while maintaining the outer glass walls of the oven at an acceptable temperature, that is to say below 100 ° C and preferably of the order of 60-70 ° C.
  • means for circulating and discharging the hot air included in the space 32 may be provided.
  • the hot air of the space 32 is continually set in motion and discharged by means of a turbine generally placed on the upper wall of the oven.
  • the embodiments given here by way of illustration may give rise to any desirable modification, in particular with regard to the power, size or aesthetics of the present device, in particular by acting on the dimensions and the location of the plates. glass heaters, the arrangement of resistive layers on the glass plates, the thickness and the square resistance of the resistive layers, etc.
  • the heating plates according to the invention have emission temperatures of up to 300 ° C, which has the advantage of a high efficiency of obtaining radiation in the thermal infrared, which can go up to at 60 or even 70 or even 80% depending on the geometry of the panel considered, the energy radiated per unit area or emittance being proportional to the power fourth of the superficial temperature of the heating body.
  • the operation of the present system is provided by conductive heat transfer between the resistive layer and the glass plate.
  • the emission of infrared radiation is mainly on the side of the glass face, most of the infrared radiation is distributed to the room to be heated.
  • the present heating plates by virtue of the specific properties in emissivity and reflectivity of these two main components (resistive layer and glass plate) previously described, allows an improved homogeneity of the surface temperature of the walls in vault and floor of the emitting glass face, and this on the entire surface of the glass plate ultimately resulting in greater homogeneity of the cooking.
EP08159558A 2007-07-03 2008-07-02 Elektrischer Ofen mit wärmestrahlenden Glasplatten Withdrawn EP2048912A1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR0756253A FR2918534A1 (fr) 2007-07-03 2007-07-03 Four electrique a plaques de verre radiantes

Publications (1)

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EP2048912A1 true EP2048912A1 (de) 2009-04-15

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FR (1) FR2918534A1 (de)

Cited By (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP2013225504A (ja) * 2012-03-23 2013-10-31 Miyazawa Kazuhiro ガラスシステム、加熱装置、処理装置およびプログラム
EP3179826A3 (de) * 2015-12-09 2017-09-13 Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd. Heizelement mit nano-materialfüllstoff
WO2019129612A1 (en) * 2017-12-26 2019-07-04 Arcelik Anonim Sirketi A transparent cooker comprising a heat resistant frame
WO2019129450A1 (en) * 2017-12-25 2019-07-04 Arcelik Anonim Sirketi Transparent cooker design
WO2019129596A1 (en) * 2017-12-26 2019-07-04 Arcelik Anonim Sirketi A transparent cooker with removable surfaces
WO2019129440A1 (en) 2017-12-26 2019-07-04 Arcelik Anonim Sirketi Profile assembly and electrical connections in a transparent cooker
US20220178549A1 (en) * 2020-12-09 2022-06-09 Whirlpool Corporation Self-cleaning oven
EP4072242A3 (de) * 2021-04-05 2022-11-23 Whirlpool Corporation Heizvorrichtung

Citations (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3176118A (en) * 1962-09-27 1965-03-30 Gen Electric Temperature control means for convertible drawer oven
US4970376A (en) * 1987-12-22 1990-11-13 Gte Products Corporation Glass transparent heater
WO1998030409A1 (en) * 1997-01-07 1998-07-16 Libbey-Owens-Ford Co. Insulating glass with capacitively coupled heating system
US6111224A (en) * 1999-12-02 2000-08-29 Hatco Corporation Food warming oven with transparent heating shelves
US20050003243A1 (en) * 2001-06-11 2005-01-06 Mizuho Tanaka Panel type heating element and method for the manufacture thereof
EP0878980B1 (de) 1997-05-09 2005-02-02 Sanchez Duque, David Herstellungsverfahren für Flächenheizkörper und damit hergestellte Flächenheizkörper
US20050115954A1 (en) * 2001-10-26 2005-06-02 Gerhardinger Peter F. Method for forming heated glass panels

Patent Citations (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3176118A (en) * 1962-09-27 1965-03-30 Gen Electric Temperature control means for convertible drawer oven
US4970376A (en) * 1987-12-22 1990-11-13 Gte Products Corporation Glass transparent heater
WO1998030409A1 (en) * 1997-01-07 1998-07-16 Libbey-Owens-Ford Co. Insulating glass with capacitively coupled heating system
EP0878980B1 (de) 1997-05-09 2005-02-02 Sanchez Duque, David Herstellungsverfahren für Flächenheizkörper und damit hergestellte Flächenheizkörper
US6111224A (en) * 1999-12-02 2000-08-29 Hatco Corporation Food warming oven with transparent heating shelves
US20050003243A1 (en) * 2001-06-11 2005-01-06 Mizuho Tanaka Panel type heating element and method for the manufacture thereof
US20050115954A1 (en) * 2001-10-26 2005-06-02 Gerhardinger Peter F. Method for forming heated glass panels

Cited By (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP2013225504A (ja) * 2012-03-23 2013-10-31 Miyazawa Kazuhiro ガラスシステム、加熱装置、処理装置およびプログラム
EP3179826A3 (de) * 2015-12-09 2017-09-13 Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd. Heizelement mit nano-materialfüllstoff
US10652957B2 (en) 2015-12-09 2020-05-12 Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd. Heating element including nano-material filler
WO2019129450A1 (en) * 2017-12-25 2019-07-04 Arcelik Anonim Sirketi Transparent cooker design
WO2019129612A1 (en) * 2017-12-26 2019-07-04 Arcelik Anonim Sirketi A transparent cooker comprising a heat resistant frame
WO2019129596A1 (en) * 2017-12-26 2019-07-04 Arcelik Anonim Sirketi A transparent cooker with removable surfaces
WO2019129440A1 (en) 2017-12-26 2019-07-04 Arcelik Anonim Sirketi Profile assembly and electrical connections in a transparent cooker
US20220178549A1 (en) * 2020-12-09 2022-06-09 Whirlpool Corporation Self-cleaning oven
EP4072242A3 (de) * 2021-04-05 2022-11-23 Whirlpool Corporation Heizvorrichtung

Also Published As

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